Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 248 in total

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  1. Harnessing the potential of mutation breeding, CRISPR genome editing, and beyond for sustainable agriculture
    Nor A'azizam NM, Chopra S, Guleria P, Kumar V, Abd Rahim MH, Yaacob JS
    Funct Integr Genomics, 2024 Feb 29;24(2):44.
    PMID: 38421529 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-024-01325-y
    By 2050, the global population is projected to exceed 9.5 billion, posing a formidable challenge to ensure food security worldwide. To address this pressing issue, mutation breeding in horticultural crops, utilizing physical or chemical methods, has emerged as a promising biotechnological strategy. However, the efficacy of these mutagens can be influenced by various factors, including biological and environmental variables, as well as targeted plant materials. This review highlights the global challenges related to food security and explores the potential of mutation breeding as an indispensable biotechnological tool in overcoming food insecurity. This review also covers the emergence of CRISPR-Cas9, a breakthrough technology offering precise genome editing for the development of high-yield, stress-tolerant crops. Together, mutation breeding and CRISPR can potentially address future food demands. This review focuses into these biotechnological advancements, emphasizing their combined potential to fortify global food security in the face of a booming population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Breeding*
  2. Fulltext Analysing population structure of Elaeis oleifera germplasm using model-based approach programme STRUCTURE
    Wan Nurhayati Wan Hanaf, Farida Zuraina Mohd Yusof, Rajinder Singh, Ahmad Kushairi Din, Rajanaidu Nookiah, Maizura Ithnin
    Scientific Research Journal, 2017;14(1):54-63.
    MyJurnal
    Elaeis oleifera serves as a source of genetic foundation in oil palm improvement programme, as it possess several interesting agronomic traits such as slow growth, higher oil unsaturation and disease resistance. Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB) has developed a collection of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) from Elaeis oleifera genome (E. oleifera-gSSRs). A total of 21 polymoprhic SSR markers were evaluated in the attempt to assess the population structure of E. oleifera populations. The appropriate common ancestry (K) value was determined to be seven from the likelihood scores. The profile from STRUCTURE analysis indicates considerable sharing of genetic components among E. oleifera population with an exception for Population 01 from Columbia and Population 02 from Costa Rica. The present study provides information on population structure of MPOB E. oleifera collection via model-based method for germplasm conservation and utilisation in breeding programmes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breeding
  3. Fulltext The usage of pelvimetry to predict dystocia in cattle
    Hiew, M.W.H., Constable, P.D.
    Jurnal Veterinar Malaysia, 2015;27(2):1-4.
    MyJurnal
    Pelvimetry is the measurement of the dimensions of the pelvis, measured internally or externally, and is typically conducted with the aid of a pelvimeter. Intrapelvic dimensions, namely the intrapelvic height and width, are used to calculate pelvic area which has a moderate to high degree of heritability. Pelvic area measurements are associated with calving difficulty and have been used by producers to select for heifers to be included in their breeding herd.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breeding
  4. Breeding activities of Ingerophrynus parvus (Anura: Bufonidae) in Kedah, Malaysia
    Shahriza S, Ibrahim J, Shahrul Anuar M
    Sains Malaysiana, 2012;41:1431-1435.
    The breeding activities of the Dwarf Toad, Ingerophrynus parvus were observed under natural conditions at Sungai Junjong, Kulim, Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia for a period of 12 months. Breeding parameters, such as calling activities, amplecant pairs, eggs deposition and presence of tadpoles were examined every week in each month. Pearson correlation was used to analyse the relationship between rainfall and each breeding parameter. The results showed positive relationships between rainfall and calling activities (r=0.74), between rainfall and amplexus activities (r=0.52), and between rainfall and spawning activities (0.81).
    Matched MeSH terms: Breeding
  5. Grain quality performance and heritability estimation in selected F1 rice genotypes
    Rafii M, Zakiah M, Asfaliza R, Iffah Haifaa M, Latif M, Malek M
    Sains Malaysiana, 2014;43:1-7.
    A total of 17 rice genotypes consisted of 12 F1 progenies and five parental lines were evaluated for performance of grain qualities, yield and yield components and vegetative traits at the Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI) Research Station in Seberang Perai, Penang. Except grain length, all other grain quality characters, yield components and vegetative traits varied significantly among the genotypes. Among the studied characters, the highest heritability value was observed in plant height with 99.75% followed by panicle length having 96.90% and grain shape with 56.70% which could be successfully inherited to the next generations. The rest of the traits had low heritability values and ranged from 20.24 to 35.88%. This indicates that the characters are mainly influenced by environmental factors such as geographical effects and climate. However, in the quantitative traits such as grain qualities and yield components, they are usually difficult to inherit to the next generation due to low heritability values. The combinations of Q76 and MR84 had the highest in amylose content while Q76 and MRQ74 had the lowest. Several selected F1 indica rice genotypes from this evaluation are useful for future breeding programme and biotechnological research for the improvement of valuable grain quality traits.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breeding
  6. Paris green as a larvicide on an inland hilly estate in Malaya
    Wallace RB
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1933;27:131-146.
    1. 1. Paris green was used as a larvicide on an inland hilly estate where A. maculatus was the carrier-and where most of the water treated was moving, more or less rapidly. 2. 2. Three different diluents were tried, viz., lime, talcum and soapstone powder. 3. 3. The strength of the mixture was one part of Paris green to ninety-nine parts of diluent by volume. 4. 4. Distribution was carried out by mechanical blowers and sprayers. 5. 5. The application was checked twenty-four hours afterwards. For one month it was checked forty-eight hours afterwards. 6. 6. There was an increase in breeding places-most of which were found in moving water. 7. 7. There was an increase in larvæ, many of them being over two days old. 8. 8. In spite of treatment of epidemics with plasmochin and quinine, the malaria rate was higher than during the previous year. The rise was more or less consistent, pointing to constant infections. 9. 9. The morbidity rate, death rate and infantile mortality were apparently not adversely affected, but in view of the treatments given with plasmochin, they are of no help in deciding the value of Paris green. 10. 10. There was a distinct fall in anti-larval costs, but the total anti-malarial costs were still high on account of the treatments necessary for epidemics of malaria. 11. 11. The advantages and disadvantages of Paris green are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breeding
  7. Fulltext Effects of marbling on physical and sensory characteristics of ribeye steaks from four different cattle breeds
    Shahrai NN, Babji AS, Maskat MY, Razali AF, Yusop SM
    Anim Biosci, 2021 May;34(5):904-913.
    PMID: 32810938 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.20.0201
    OBJECTIVE: Marbling or intramuscular fat (IMF) has been widely reported to directly impact the sensory acceptance of meat. This study was carried out to determine the physical and sensory characteristics of ribeye, Longissimus dorsi steaks obtained from four different cattle breeds namely Wagyu, Angus, Brahman, and Malaysian local beef, the Kedah-Kelantan (KK).

    METHODS: The degree of marbling was determined by using an established combined camera-image analysis technique while instrumental texture determination was carried out by using Warner-Bratzler shear force analysis. Sensory evaluation of the beef steaks was performed following a quantitative descriptive analysis incorporating 10 trained consumer panelists.

    RESULTS: Wagyu was found to possess the highest (p<0.05) percentage of IMF at 33.90% and the lowest shear force (raw = 5.61 N/mm2; cooked = 14.72 N/mm2) followed by Angus (20.87%), Brahman (12.17%), and KK (p<0.05, 6.86%). The difference in sensory properties of the four steaks was evident, with Wagyu appearing to be highly correlated with most sensory attributes measured namely sustained buttery, tooth-packing, chewiness, juiciness, tenderness, mouthfeel, oiliness, and overall acceptability. The Malaysian local beef, KK was found to be less acceptable (p<0.05), although most of its sensory attributes were found similar (p>0.05) in appearance, aroma, texture, juiciness, and flavour to the cooked steak from Angus and Brahman.

    CONCLUSION: This present study demonstrated the role of IMF in determining the quality and sensory acceptance of beef from different cattle breeds. These data have provided new information and further understanding on the physical and sensory quality of Malaysian local beef.

    Matched MeSH terms: Breeding
  8. Relationship of scrotal circumference to age, body weight and onset of spermatogenesis in goats
    Bongso TA, Jainudeen MR, Zahrah AS
    Theriogenology, 1982 Nov;18(5):513-24.
    PMID: 16725772
    Scrotal circumference (SC) and body weight (BW) measurements were obtained from 122 crossbred (SaanenxLoca; JumnaparixLocal) bucks, ranging in age from 3 to 28 months. Spermatogenesis and semeniferous tubule diameters were studied from testicular biopsies in 24 bucks. The results showed that SC increased curvilinearly and was significantly correlated with age (P<0.05). Scrotal circumference correlated more significantly with BW (P<0.001). Spermatogenesis was completed at 6-7 months with a sudden increase in tubular diameter at the same time. Since SC is an indirect measurement of testicular size, a marked increase in testicular size indicated the onset of active spermatogenesis and, hence, the possibility of using bucks for breeding at an earlier age than normally recommended. Further, SC norms obtained in this study may become useful in the evaluation of bucks for breeding soundness.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breeding
  9. Estimates of general combining ability in Hevea breeding at the Rubber Research Institute of Malaysia : I. Phases II and III A
    Tan H
    Theor Appl Genet, 1977 Jan;50(1):29-34.
    PMID: 24407495 DOI: 10.1007/BF00273794
    Estimates of general combining ability of parents for yield and girth obtained separately from seedlings and their corresponding clonal families in Phases II and IIIA of the RRIM breeding programme are compared. A highly significant positive correlation (r = 0.71***) is found between GCA estimates from seedling and clonal families for yield in Phase IIIA, but not in Phase II (r = -0.03(NS)) nor for girth (r= -0.27(NS)) in Phase IIIA. The correlations for Phase II yield and Phase IIIA girth, however, improve when the GCA estimates based on small sample size or reversed rankings are excluded.When the best selections (based on present clonal and seedling information) are compared, all five of the parents top-ranking for yield are common in Phase IIIA but only two parents are common for yield and girth in Phases II and IIIA respectively. However, only one parent for yield in Phase II and two parents for girth in Phase IIIA would, if selected on clonal performance, have been omitted from the top ranking selections made by previous workers using seedling information.These findings, therefore, justify the choice of parents based on GCA estimates for yield obtained from seedling performance. Similar justification cannot be offered for girth, for which analysis is confounded by uninterpretable site and seasonal effects.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breeding
  10. Estimates of genetic parameters of certain characters in Hevea brasiliensis
    Tan H, Mukherjee TK, Subramaniam S
    Theor Appl Genet, 1975 Jan;46(4):181-90.
    PMID: 24419927 DOI: 10.1007/BF00281668
    Heritability estimates of five quantitative characters, namely, yield, girth, girth increment, virgin bark and renewed bark thickness, of the breeding Phase III Hevea families have been obtained by variance component analyses. In general, the combined heritability estimates for various characters were low to moderate. The heritabilities of these characters based on female variance components, however, were high, suggesting that considerable improvement of each of the characters could be achieved in properly designed experiments.Estimates of heritability for average yields (Range: 0.11-0.34) over different years showed that the first three years' yield was adequate for predicting estimates of genetic variance for the average of five years' yield.Correlation studies on yield with other characters indicated considerable influence of environment, with genetic correlations accounting for about 0.07 to 0.36 in the characters studied.Expected direct response to selection in yield and correlated response in yield to selection for girth at opening and virgin bark thickness have been calculated using three arbitrary values of selection intensity. The efficiency of the correlated response was found to be approximately half that of the direct response. However, the indirect selection for yield using virgin bark thickness appeared to be more favourable than that using the girth at opening favoured by earlier workers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breeding
  11. Fulltext A quarter century of molecular population genetics research in Southeast Asia: a lifetime experience
    Tan, S.G.
    Buletin Persatuan Genetik Malaysia, 2006;12(1):18-0.
    MyJurnal
    The genetic relationship between any two populations is a function of the differences between them in allele frequencies, with this relationship commonly expressed in terms of a genetic distance. For example if the two populations are homozygous for different alleles at a particular locus, the distance is the maximum possible whereas if the allele frequencies in the two populations are identical, the distance is zero. The estimated genetic distances may vary among loci. Thus, the most accurate measures of relationships will be obtained by averaging many loci (Nei, 1978). In plant and animal breeding, it is expected that a cross between two individuals originating from two populations with a large genetic distance between them will result in maximum heterosis or hybrid vigour. Many estimates of genetic distances are available in the literature but Nei’s standard genetic distance, D, (Nei, 1972, 1978) had been extensively used in studies of human, animal and plant varieties, races, breeds, strains, populations, species and genera.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breeding
  12. Are economic selection indices always superior to a desired gains index?
    Yamada Y
    Theor Appl Genet, 1995 Sep;91(4):655-8.
    PMID: 24169894 DOI: 10.1007/BF00223293
    CONCLUSIONS: The comparison of different selection indices is justified only if the indices are constrated to achieve the same profit function, even when each index is not optimized with respect to that profit function.When a profit function is known and is non-linear, the desired gains index may be more efficient than the economic index. The optimum desired gains index should be determined by iterative techniques over several generations to compare the genetic progress with the economic index, because gains by the economic index are not linear and the changes observed in the initial generations of selection are not the same rates in future generations, although those changes are linear in the case of the desired gains index.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breeding
  13. Fulltext A systematic review on physical mutagens in rice breeding in Southeast Asia
    Baadu R, Chong KP, Gansau JA, Mohamed Zin MR, Dayou J
    PeerJ, 2023;11:e15682.
    PMID: 37868055 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15682
    In the 1920s, Lewis Stadler initiated the introduction of permanent improvements to the genetic makeup of irradiated plants. Since then, studies related to breeding mutations have grown, as efforts have been made to expand and improve crop productivity and quality. Stadler's discovery began with x-rays on corn and barley and later extended to the use of gamma-rays, thermal, and fast neutrons in crops. Radiation has since been shown to be an effective and unique method for increasing the genetic variability of species, including rice. Numerous systematic reviews have been conducted on the impact of physical mutagens on the production and grain quality of rice in Southeast Asia. However, the existing literature still lacks information on the type of radiation used, the rice planting materials used, the dosage of physical mutagens, and the differences in mutated characteristics. Therefore, this article aims to review existing literature on the use of physical mutagens in rice crops in Southeast Asian countries. Guided by the PRISMA Statement review method, 28 primary studies were identified through a systematic review of the Scopus, Science Direct, Emerald Insight, Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing, and MDPI journal databases published between 2016 and 2020. The results show that 96% of the articles used seeds as planting materials, and 80% of the articles focused on gamma-rays as a source of physical mutagens. The optimal dosage of gamma-rays applied was around 100 to 250 Gy to improve plant development, abiotic stress, biochemical properties, and nutritional and industrial quality of rice.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Breeding
  14. Deciphering the molecular basis for photosynthetic parameters in Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc) under drought stress
    Gao X, Chai HH, Ho WK, Mayes S, Massawe F
    BMC Plant Biol, 2023 May 30;23(1):287.
    PMID: 37248451 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04293-w
    BACKGROUND: Assessment of segregating populations for their ability to withstand drought stress conditions is one of the best approaches to develop breeding lines and drought tolerant varieties. Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc.) is a leguminous crop, capable of growing in low-input agricultural systems in semi-arid areas. An F4 bi-parental segregating population obtained from S19-3 × DodR was developed to evaluate the effect of drought stress on photosynthetic parameters and identify QTLs associated with these traits under drought-stressed and well-watered conditions in a rainout shelter.

    RESULTS: Stomatal conductance (gs), photosynthesis rate (A), transpiration rate (E) and intracellular CO2 (Ci) were significantly reduced (p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Breeding
  15. Fulltext Unravelling the dynamics of genotype and environment interactions on chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) yield-related attributes in soilless planting systems
    Sahmat SS, Rafii MY, Oladosu Y, Jusoh M, Hakiman M, Mohidin H
    Sci Rep, 2024 Jan 19;14(1):1698.
    PMID: 38242885 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50381-0
    Evaluation of genotypes to identify high-yielding and stable varieties is crucial for chilli production sustainability and food security. These analyses are essential, particularly when the breeding program aims to select lines with great adaptability and stability. Thirty chilli genotypes were evaluated for yield stability under four soilless planting systems viz; fertigation, HydroStock (commercial hydrogel), BioHydrogel (biodegradable hydrogel), and hydroponic to study the influence of genotype by environment interaction. The research used a split-plot randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two cropping cycles and five replications. The GGE biplot analysis was employed to assess the mean versus stability perspective in explaining the variation in genotypic and genotype-by-environment effects on the yield-related attributes for yield per plant, fruit number, fruit length, and width. Stability analysis denoted genotypes G26 and G30 as the most stable for yield per plant, while G16, G22, and G30 were stable for the number of fruits per plant. Among the four planting systems evaluated, HydroStock and BioHydrogel outperformed the others in yield per plant, demonstrating the highest level of informativeness or discrimination. These findings offer critical insights for future crop breeding programs and the optimization of agricultural practices.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Breeding
  16. Generation mean analysis of grain quality traits in selected rice populations derived from different amylose characteristics
    Ramli AB, Rafii MY, Latif MA, Saleh GB, Omar OB, Puteh AB
    J Sci Food Agric, 2016 Mar;96(5):1593-600.
    PMID: 25982124 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7260
    Genetic analysis using generation mean analysis is a tool for designing the most appropriate breeding approaches to developing varieties of rice. It estimates the gene actions that control quantitative traits, as well as the additive, dominance and epistatic effects. This study was conducted using three rice populations that were derived from parental lines with different amylose content. The aim was to partition the gene actions using generation mean analysis for the selected populations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breeding
  17. Fulltext Does weather play an important role in the early nesting activity of colonial waterbirds? A case study in putrajaya wetlands, malaysia
    Ismail A, Rahman F
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2013 Aug;24(1):1-7.
    PMID: 24575237 MyJurnal
    Environmental factors can play important roles in influencing waterbird communities. In particular, weather may have various biological and ecological impacts on the breeding activities of waterbirds, though most studies have investigated the effect of weather on the late stages of waterbird breeding (e.g., hatching rate, chick mortality). Conversely, the present study attempts to highlight the influence of weather on the early nesting activities of waterbirds by evaluating a recently established mixed-species colony in Putrajaya Wetlands, Malaysia. The results show that only rainfall and temperature have a significant influence on the species' nesting activities. Rainfall activity is significantly correlated with the Grey Heron's rate of establishment (rainfall: rs = 0.558, p = 0.03, n = 72) whereas both temperature and rainfall are associated with Painted Stork's nesting density (temperature: rs = 0.573, p = 0.013; rainfall: rs = -0.662, p = 0.03, n = 48). There is a possibility that variations in the rainfall and temperature provide a cue for the birds to initiate their nesting. Regardless, this paper addresses concerns on the limitations faced in the study and suggests long-term studies for confirmation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breeding
  18. Genotypic character relationship and phenotypic path coefficient analysis in chili pepper genotypes grown under tropical condition
    Usman MG, Rafii MY, Martini MY, Oladosu Y, Kashiani P
    J Sci Food Agric, 2017 Mar;97(4):1164-1171.
    PMID: 27290898 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7843
    BACKGROUND: Studies on genotypic and phenotypic correlations among characters of crop plants are useful in planning, evaluating and setting selection criteria for the desired characters in a breeding program. The present study aimed to estimate the phenotypic correlation coefficients among yield and yield attributed characters and to work out the direct and indirect effects of yield-related characters on yield per plant using path coefficient analysis. Twenty-six genotypes of chili pepper were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications.

    RESULTS: Yield per plant showed positive and highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) correlations with most of the characters studied at both the phenotypic and genotypic levels. By contrast, disease incidence and days to flowering showed a significant negative association with yield. Fruit weight and number of fruits exerted positive direct effect on yield and also had a positive and significant (P ≤ 0.01) correlation with yield per plant. However, fruit length showed a low negative direct effect with a strong and positive indirect effect through fruit weight on yield and had a positive and significant association with yield.

    CONCLUSION: Longer fruits, heavy fruits and a high number of fruits are variables that are related to higher yields of chili pepper under tropical conditions and hence could be used as a reliable indicator in indirect selection for yield. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.

    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Breeding*; Breeding*
  19. Profile distribution of juvenile Aedes species in an urban area of Malaysia
    Che Dom N, Faiz Madzlan M, Nadira Yusoff SN, Hassan Ahmad A, Ismail R, Nazrina Camalxaman S
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 2016 Apr;110(4):237-45.
    PMID: 27076510 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trw015
    Dengue fever (DF) is an urban vector-borne disease transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Both species deposit their eggs in favorable breeding sites either in natural or artificial containers. An understanding of their habitat characteristics is crucial in curbing DF outbreaks
    Matched MeSH terms: Breeding
  20. Fulltext Marker assisted pyramiding of drought yield QTLs into a popular Malaysian rice cultivar, MR219
    Shamsudin NA, Swamy BP, Ratnam W, Sta Cruz MT, Raman A, Kumar A
    BMC Genet, 2016;17:30.
    PMID: 26818269 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-016-0334-0
    Three drought yield QTLs, qDTY 2.2, qDTY 3.1, and qDTY 12.1 with consistent effect on grain yield under reproductive stage drought stress were pyramided through marker assisted breeding with the objective of improving the grain yield of the elite Malaysian rice cultivar MR219 under reproductive stage drought stress. Foreground selection using QTL specific markers, recombinant selection using flanking markers, and background selection were performed. BC1F3-derived lines with different combinations of qDTY 2.2 , qDTY 3.1, and qDTY 12.1 were evaluated under both reproductive stage drought stress and non-stress during the dry seasons of 2013 and 2014 at IRRI.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breeding
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