Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 544 in total

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  1. Fulltext Changing concepts in lipid nutrition in health and disease
    Chandrasekharan N
    Med J Malaysia, 1999 Sep;54(3):408-27; quiz 428.
    PMID: 11045075
    Fat remains a hot topic because of concerns over associations between consumption of fats and the incidence of some chronic conditions including coronary artery disease, diabetes, cancer and obesity. Dietary fats serve multiple purposes. The effects of dietary fats generally reflect the collective influences of multiple fatty acids in the diet or food. This presentation highlights some recent developments on the role of dietary fats and oils in health and disease. Debate continues over the role of dietary modification in coronary prevention by lipid lowering. The degree to which a recommended diet will result in health benefits for an individual is difficult to predict, because the outcome will depend on the influence of other factors such as a person's genetic constitution, level of physical activity and total diet composition. There can now be little doubt about the importance of genetic factors in the etiology of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity and cancer. The importance of antioxidant status in the prevention of cardiovascular disease as well as many cancers is being increasingly recognised. It is now evident that not all saturated fatty acids are equally cholesterolemic. Recent accounts evaluating palm oil's effects on blood lipids and lipoproteins suggest that diets incorporating palm oil as the major dietary fat do not raise plasma total and LDL cholesterol levels to the extent expected from its fatty acid composition. Palm oil is endowed with a good mixture of natural antioxidants and together with its balanced composition of the different classes of fatty acids, makes it a safe, stable and versatile edible oil with many positive health and nutritional attributes. In recent times, adverse health concerns from the consumption of trans fatty acids arising from hydrogenation of oils and fats have been the subject of much discussion and controversy. Trans fatty acids when compared with cis fatty acids or unhydrogenated fats have been shown to lower serum HDL cholesterol, raise serum LDL cholesterol and when substituted for saturated fatty acids, increase lipoprotein Lp (a) level, an independent risk factor for the development of coronary heart disease. The idea of which foods, nutrients and supplements are "healthy" is often being amended as new scientific data is presented and then simplified for the consumers. What was once perceived as a healthy diet is often no longer considered as such and vice versa. Dietary recommendations have to change with time and the evidence available. Nutritional recommendations should encourage eating a great variety of nutrient sources within our food supply in moderation. Various lifestyle options to improve health should also be promoted.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids*
  2. Survey of the Anopheles maculatus complex (Diptera: Culicidae) in peninsular Malaysia by analysis of cuticular lipids
    Kittayapong P, Clark JM, Edman JD, Lavine BK, Marion JR, Brooks M
    J Med Entomol, 1993 Nov;30(6):969-74.
    PMID: 8271255
    Anopheles maculatus Theobald sensu lato is a species complex now consisting of eight sibling species; An. maculatus is still represented by two cytologically distinct forms; i.e., the widely distributed sensu strictu or B, and E from southern Thailand and adjacent areas in northern Malaysia. Cuticular lipid profiles in conjunction with principal component analysis was used to separate An. maculatus form E from sensu stricto form B in a preliminary survey of the An. maculatus complex at five locations spanning peninsular Malaysia. The relative rank orders, from the areas of the five gas chromatographic peaks used to determine lipid differences for specimens from peninsular Malaysia, matched well with those from cytogenetically identified colony specimens of An. maculatus forms B and E. The two-dimensional principal component pattern of specimens identified as form E was highly clumped, which indicated that very similar cuticular lipids were present within this putative malaria vector. Both forms coexisted in peninsular Malaysia, but form E may be dominant except in the south.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids/analysis*
  3. Serum lipids and lipoproteins in healthy Malayans
    CHONG YH
    Med J Malaya, 1961 Dec;16:136-43.
    PMID: 13879161
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids/blood*
  4. Fulltext Role of Snf-β in lipid accumulation in the high lipid-producing fungus Mucor circinelloides WJ11
    Nosheen S, Naz T, Yang J, Hussain SA, Fazili ABA, Nazir Y, et al.
    Microb Cell Fact, 2021 Feb 27;20(1):52.
    PMID: 33639948 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01545-y
    BACKGROUND: Mucor circinelloides WJ11 is a high-lipid producing strain and an excellent producer of γ-linolenic acid (GLA) which is crucial for human health. We have previously identified genes that encode for AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) complex in M. circinelloides which is an important regulator for lipid accumulation. Comparative transcriptional analysis between the high and low lipid-producing strains of M. circinelloides showed a direct correlation in the transcriptional level of AMPK genes with lipid metabolism. Thus, the role of Snf-β, which encodes for β subunit of AMPK complex, in lipid accumulation of the WJ11 strain was evaluated in the present study.

    RESULTS: The results showed that lipid content of cell dry weight in Snf-β knockout strain was increased by 32 % (from 19 to 25 %). However, in Snf-β overexpressing strain, lipid content of cell dry weight was decreased about 25 % (from 19 to 14.2 %) compared to the control strain. Total fatty acid analysis revealed that the expression of the Snf-β gene did not significantly affect the fatty acid composition of the strains. However, GLA content in biomass was increased from 2.5 % in control strain to 3.3 % in Snf-β knockout strain due to increased lipid accumulation and decreased to 1.83 % in Snf-β overexpressing strain. AMPK is known to inactivate acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) which catalyzes the rate-limiting step in lipid synthesis. Snf-β manipulation also altered the expression level of the ACC1 gene which may indicate that Snf-β control lipid metabolism by regulating ACC1 gene.

    CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested that Snf-β gene plays an important role in regulating lipid accumulation in M. circinelloides WJ11. Moreover, it will be interesting to evaluate the potential of other key subunits of AMPK related to lipid metabolism. Better insight can show us the way to manipulate these subunits effectively for upscaling the lipid production. Up to our knowledge, it is the first study to investigate the role of Snf-β in lipid accumulation in M. circinelloides.

    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids/biosynthesis*
  5. Fulltext Advanced drug delivery to the lymphatic system: lipid-based nanoformulations
    Ali Khan A, Mudassir J, Mohtar N, Darwis Y
    Int J Nanomedicine, 2013;8:2733-44.
    PMID: 23926431 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S41521
    The delivery of drugs and bioactive compounds via the lymphatic system is complex and dependent on the physiological uniqueness of the system. The lymphatic route plays an important role in transporting extracellular fluid to maintain homeostasis and in transferring immune cells to injury sites, and is able to avoid first-pass metabolism, thus acting as a bypass route for compounds with lower bioavailability, ie, those undergoing more hepatic metabolism. The lymphatic route also provides an option for the delivery of therapeutic molecules, such as drugs to treat cancer and human immunodeficiency virus, which can travel through the lymphatic system. Lymphatic imaging is useful in evaluating disease states and treatment plans for progressive diseases of the lymph system. Novel lipid-based nanoformulations, such as solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers, have unique characteristics that make them promising candidates for lymphatic delivery. These formulations are superior to colloidal carrier systems because they have controlled release properties and provide better chemical stability for drug molecules. However, multiple factors regulate the lymphatic delivery of drugs. Prior to lymphatic uptake, lipid-based nanoformulations are required to undergo interstitial hindrance that modulates drug delivery. Therefore, uptake and distribution of lipid-based nanoformulations by the lymphatic system depends on factors such as particle size, surface charge, molecular weight, and hydrophobicity. Types of lipid and concentration of the emulsifier are also important factors affecting drug delivery via the lymphatic system. All of these factors can cause changes in intermolecular interactions between the lipid nanoparticle matrix and the incorporated drug, which in turn affects uptake of drug into the lymphatic system. Two lipid-based nanoformulations, ie, solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers, have been administered via multiple routes (subcutaneous, pulmonary, and intestinal) for targeting of the lymphatic system. This paper provides a detailed review of novel lipid-based nanoformulations and their lymphatic delivery via different routes, as well as the in vivo and in vitro models used to study drug transport in the lymphatic system. Physicochemical properties that influence lymphatic delivery as well as the advantages of lipid-based nanoformulations for lymphatic delivery are also discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids*
  6. Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for the Delivery of Natural Bioactive Compounds
    Shamsuddin NAM, Zulfakar MH
    Curr Drug Deliv, 2023;20(2):127-143.
    PMID: 35331113 DOI: 10.2174/1567201819666220324094234
    Natural products contain bioactive compounds that are produced naturally via synthetic or semisynthetic processes. These bioactive compounds play significant biological roles, especially for growth as well as in defense mechanisms against pathogens. Bioactive compounds in natural products have been extensively studied in recent decades for their pharmacological activities, such as anticancer, wound healing, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative properties. However, their pharmaceutical significance has always been hindered by their low bioavailability and instability with variations in pH, temperature, and exposure to light. Nanotechnology paves the way for the development of drug delivery systems by enhancing therapeutic efficacy. Nanostructured lipid carriers, a lipidbased drug delivery system, are recently being studied to improve the biocompatibility, biodegradability, bioavailability, solubility, permeability, and shelf life of bioactive compounds in the pharmaceutical industry. The ideal component and preparation method for bioactive compounds in nanostructured lipid carrier development is necessary for their physicochemical properties and therapeutic efficiency. Therefore, this review seeks to highlight recent developments, preparation, and application of nanostructured lipid carriers as carriers for natural bioactive compounds in improving their therapeutic potential in drug delivery systems.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids/chemistry
  7. Fulltext The Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training on Cardiometabolic Health in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    Song Y, Lan H
    J Sports Sci Med, 2024 Dec;23(4):690-706.
    PMID: 39649559 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2024.690
    High-intensity interval training (HIIT) interventions are typically prescribed according to several laboratory-based parameters and fixed reference intensities to accurately calibrate exercise intensity. Repeated all-out printing efforts, or sprint interval training, is another form of HIIT that is prescribed without individual reference intensity as it is performed in maximal intensities. No previous study has performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effect of HIIT and SIT on cardiometabolic health markers in children and adolescents. Moreover, previous studies have focused on single risk factors and exercise modalities, which may restrict their ability to capture a complete picture of the factors that could be affected by different interval interventions. The present study aimed to conduct a novel meta-analysis on the effects of HIIT and SIT on multiple cardiometabolic health markers in children and adolescents. An electronic search was conducted in three main online databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched from inception to July 2024 to identify randomized and non-randomized control trials comparing HIIT and SIT versus the non-exercise control group in children and adolescents with mean age ranges from 6 to 18 years old on cardiometabolic health markers including fasting glucose and insulin, insulin resistance, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), systolic blood (SBP) and diastolic blood (DBP) pressures. Standardized mean differences (SMD), weighted mean differences (WMD), and confidence were calculated using a random effect model. HIIT decreased insulin, insulin resistance, TG, TC, LDL, and SBP and increased HDL but did not decrease glucose and DBP. Furthermore, subgroup analyses show that insulin and insulin resistance were decreased by sprint interval training (SIT) and in those with obesity. Lipid profile mainly is improved by SIT and in those with obesity. Also, SBP was decreased by SIT and in those with obesity. Our results prove that HIIT is an effective intervention for improving cardiometabolic health in children and adolescents, mainly those with obesity. Specifically, SIT is an effective interval training mode in children and adolescents.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids/blood
  8. Palatability of black soldier fly larvae in valorizing mixed waste coconut endosperm and soybean curd residue into larval lipid and protein sources
    Lim JW, Mohd-Noor SN, Wong CY, Lam MK, Goh PS, Beniers JJA, et al.
    J Environ Manage, 2019 Feb 01;231:129-136.
    PMID: 30340132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.10.022
    The black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) have been widely extolled for the application in managing various solid organic wastes. Owing to the saprophagous nature of BSFL, a rapid valorization of solid organic wastes can be accomplished with the simultaneous production of valuable biochemical compounds derived from larval biomass. In the present works, the mixed waste coconut endosperm (w-CE) and soybean curd residue (SC-r) substrates with increasing protein nutritional constituent were administered to BSFL. The correlations between protein from larval feed substrates and nutritional profiles of BSFL biomasses were ultimately unveiled. The protein from larval feed substrates could be increased by increasing of SC-r portion against w-CE. At the w-CE:SC-r ratio of 3:2, the highest larval total weight gained and growth rate were attained; indicating an optimum protein nutritional constituent in mixed organics (12.4%) that could enhance the BSFL palatability. Further increment of protein nutritional constituent in mixed organics was found acidifying the residual larval feed substrate progressively, undermining the growth of BSFL. By feeding the BSFL with optimum mixed organics, the maximum accumulations of larval lipid and protein could be achieved. Transesterification of extracted lipid had demonstrated high in monounsaturated fatty acids (73%) which was suitable for biodiesel. The BSFL palatability was finally confirmed from the bioconversion viewpoint of mixed organic wastes. Again, achieving the highest bioconversion efficiency of 14% into larval biomass after accounting the metabolic loss of 54%. Therefore, a total of 68% of mixed w-CE and SC-r could be successfully bioconverted.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids
  9. Fulltext Growth kinetics of ethidium bromide mutagenized Lipomyces starkeyi strains
    Micky Vincent, Latifah Suali, Afizul Safwan Azahari, Patricia Rowena Mark Baran, Elexson Nillian, Lesley Maurice Bilung
    Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology, 2018;11(1):47-54.
    MyJurnal
    Yeast growth and biomass production are greatly influenced by the length of the
    incubation period during cultivation. Therefore, this study was conducted to
    investigate the growth kinetics of five Lipomyces starkeyi strains as determined by
    biomass production. The five L. starkeyi strains, namely L. starkeyi ATCC 12659, L.
    starkeyi MV-1, L. starkeyi MV-4, L. starkeyi MV-5 and L. starkeyi MV-8, were inoculated
    in sterilized Yeast Malt broth, and, incubated for 192 hr at ambient temperature.
    Biomass yields were assessed and calculated gravimetrically every 24 hr. Results
    indicated that the optimal biomass production of L. starkeyi ATCC 12659, L. starkeyi
    MV-1, L. starkeyi MV-4, L. starkeyi MV-5 and L. starkeyi MV-8 were at 120, 168, 144,
    168 and 120 hr, with the concentrations of 6.64, 6.43, 9.78, 11.23 and 8.56 g/L,
    respectively. These results indicate that each L. starkeyi strain requires specific
    incubation period for the optimum production of fungal biomass. Therefore, by
    cultivating each L. starkeyi strain at the predetermined incubation period, biomass
    yields could significantly be improved for further downstream applications such as
    single cell protein and lipid production.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids
  10. Variasi dan sumber sterol di Kuala Selangor, Selangor
    Masni Mohd Ali, Norfariza Humrawali, Mohd Talib Latif
    Sains Malaysiana, 2010;39.
    Kajian ini adalah mengenai peranan sterol sebagai penunjuk bio-lipid untuk mengenal pasti variasi dan sumber bahan organik yang hadir bersama sedimen permukaan dari Kuala Selangor, Selangor. Kajian melibatkan kaedah pengekstrakan sterol daripada sampel sedimen dan seterusnya dianalisis menggunakan GC-MS untuk menentukan kehadiran sebatian tersebut. Sepuluh sebatian sterol dikenal pasti hadir dengan fitosterol merupakan sebatian dominan di kawasan kajian iaitu 79% daripada jumlah keseluruhan sterol. Ini diikuti oleh kolesterol serta sterol kumbahan masing-masing menyumbangkan 6% daripada jumlah keseluruhan sterol manakala selebihnya berada dalam julat 1-5%. Indeks Sumber Sterol (SSI) juga menunjukkan kandungan fitosterol yang tinggi walaupun hadir pada kadar yang berbeza di setiap stesen pensampelan. Penilaian pencemaran kumbahan menggunakan nisbah koprostanol/kolesterol, koprostanol/(koprostanol+kholestanol) serta epikoprostanol/koprostanol menunjukkan kawasan kajian tidak mengalami pencemaran kumbahan walaupun sterol daripada sumber kumbahan hadir di persekitarannya. Kesimpulannya sedimen permukaan di Kuala Selangor, Selangor mengandungi campuran sterol daripada pelbagai sumber yang hadir di persekitarannya dengan didominasi oleh fitosterol yang berasal daripada tumbuhan terestrial.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids
  11. Keberkesanan ekstrak Hylocereus polyrhizus merendahkan lipid serum dan aras MDA-TBAR hati tikus teraruh hiperkolesterolemia
    Halimah Abdullah Sani, Asmazila Baharoom, Muhammad Azam Ahmad, Isma Illyani Ismail
    Sains Malaysiana, 2009;38.
    Hiperkolesterolemia merupakan suatu keadaan yang dikaitkan dengan perubahan aras lipid serum serta peningkatan aras peroksidaan lipid. Kajian ini dilakukan untuk melihat kesan ekstrak akues isi dan kulit buah Hylocereus polyrhizus (HP) terhadap jumlah kolesterol dan trigliserid (TG) serum serta aras malonaldehid (MDA-TBAR) hati tikus teraruh hiperkolesterolemia. Tikus Sprague dawley jantan diaruh menjadi hiperkolesterolemia dengan pemberian diet rat chow bersama 15% minyak sapi selama 8 minggu dan 0.02 g kolesterol secara suap paksa dua kali seminggu. Tikus-tikus diberi perlakuan ekstrak isi dan kulit buah HP, 300 mg/kg secara suap paksa selama 10 hari. Hasil menunjukkan aras kolesterol menurun secara signifikan (p<0.05) pada kedua-dua kumpulan hiperkolesterolemia yang diberi rawatan ekstrak isi dan kulit buah HP sebanyak 43.53% dan 51.36% berbanding tikus kawalan hiperkolesterolemia. Aras TG menunjukkan penurunan secara signifikan (p<0.05) sebanyak 38.0% bagi kumpulan tikus yang diberi rawatan ekstrak isi dan 42.98% bagi rawatan dengan ekstrak kulit buah HP. Peningkatan aras MDA-TBAR hati telah direncat dengan penurunan aras MDA-TBAR sebanyak 56.85% bagi kumpulan tikus yang diberi ekstrak kulit serta sedikit penurunan iaitu 10.27% bagi tikus yang diberi ekstrak isi berbanding tikus kawalan hiperkolesterolemia. Kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa kedua-dua ekstrak akues isi dan kulit buah HP merendahkan aras lipid serum serta aras MDA-TBAR hati pada tikus teraruh hiperkolesterolemia. Walau bagaimanapun, kesan ekstrak kulit lebih jelas berbanding ekstrak isi yang mungkin disebabkan oleh kandungan betasianin yang lebih tinggi dalam kulit berbanding isi buah HP.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids
  12. Enhanced coproduction of astaxanthin and lipids by the green microalga Chromochloris zofingiensis: Selected phytohormones as positive stimulators
    Chen JH, Wei D, Lim PE
    Bioresour Technol, 2020 Jan;295:122242.
    PMID: 31629282 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122242
    Phytohormones comprise a variety of trace bioactive compounds that can stimulate cell growth and promote metabolic shifts. In the present work, a two-stage screening strategy was innovatively established to identify positive phytohormones for enhancement of astaxanthin and lipid coproduction in microplate-based cultures of mixotrophic Chromochloris zofingiensis. The results showed that auxins were the most efficient stimulators for astaxanthin accumulation. The maximum content of 13.1 mg/g and yield of 89.9 mg/L were obtained using indole propionic acid (10 mg/L) and indoleacetic acid (7.8 mg/L), representing the highest levels of astaxanthin in this microalga reported to date. Total lipids with the highest content (64.5% DW) and productivity (445.7 mg/L/d) were coproduced with astaxanthin using indoleacetic acid. Statistical analysis revealed close relations between phytohormones and astaxanthin and lipid biosynthesis. This study provides a novel original strategy for improving astaxanthin and lipid coproduction in C. zofingiensis using the selected phytohormones as positive stimulators.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids
  13. Algae biorefinery: Review on a broad spectrum of downstream processes and products
    Khoo CG, Dasan YK, Lam MK, Lee KT
    Bioresour Technol, 2019 Nov;292:121964.
    PMID: 31451339 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121964
    Algae biomass comprises variety of biochemicals components such as carbohydrates, lipids and protein, which make them a feasible feedstock for biofuel production. However, high production cost mainly due to algae cultivation remains the main challenge in commercializing algae biofuels. Hence, extraction of other high value-added bioproducts from algae biomass is necessary to enhance the economic feasibility of algae biofuel production. This paper is aims to deliberate the recent developments of conventional technologies for algae biofuels production, such as biochemical and chemical conversion pathways, and extraction of a variety of bioproducts from algae biomass for various potential applications. Besides, life cycle evaluation studies on microalgae biorefinery are presented, focusing on case studies for various cultivation techniques, culture medium, harvesting, and dewatering techniques along with biofuel and bioenergy production pathways. Overall, the algae biorefinery provides new opportunities for valorisation of algae biomass for multiple products synthesis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids
  14. Potential utilization of bioproducts from microalgae for the quality enhancement of natural products
    Tang DYY, Khoo KS, Chew KW, Tao Y, Ho SH, Show PL
    Bioresour Technol, 2020 May;304:122997.
    PMID: 32094007 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122997
    Microalgae are autotroph organisms that utilise light energy to synthesize various high-value bioactive compounds such as polysaccharides, proteins and lipids. Due to its fast growth rate and capability to survive in harsh environment, microalgae nowadays are applied in various industrial areas. The process of obtaining microalgae-based biomolecules starts with the selection of suitable microalgae strain, cultivation, followed by downstream processing of the biomass (i.e., pre-treatment, harvesting, extraction and purification). The end products of the processes are biofuels and other valuable bioproducts. Nevertheless, low production yield and high-cost downstream processes are the emerging bottlenecks which need to be addressed in the upscaling of extracted compounds from microalgae biomass. To conclude, tremendous efforts are required to overcome these challenges to revolutionize microalgae into a novel and green factory of different bioactive compounds for industrial necessities to satisfy and fulfil global demands.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids
  15. Fulltext Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of Dyslipidemia, 5th Edition
    Citation: Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of Dyslipidemia, 5th Edition. Putrajaya: Ministry of Health, Malaysia; 2017

    Older version:
    Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of Dyslipidemia, 4th Edition. Putrajaya: Ministry of Health, Malaysia; 2011
    http://www.acadmed.org.my/view_file.cfm?fileid=416
    Keywords: CPG
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids
  16. Recent advances in downstream processing of microalgae lipid recovery for biofuel production
    Khoo KS, Chew KW, Yew GY, Leong WH, Chai YH, Show PL, et al.
    Bioresour Technol, 2020 May;304:122996.
    PMID: 32115347 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122996
    The world energy system faces two major challenges: the requirement for more energy and less carbon. It is important to address biofuels production as an alternative to the usage of fossil fuel by utilizing microalgae as the potential feedstock. Yet, the commercialization of microalgae remains contentious caused by factors relating to the life cycle assessment and feasibility of microalgae-based biofuels. This present review starts with an introduction to the benefits of microalgae, followed by intensive elaboration on microalgae cultivation parameters. Subsequently, the fundamental principle along with the advantages and disadvantages of various pretreatment techniques of microalgae were reviewed. In addition, the conventional and recent advances in lipid extraction techniques from microalgae were comprehensively evaluated. Comparative analysis regard to the gaps from previous studies was discussed point-by-point in each section. The effort presented in this review will provide an insight for future researches dealing with microalgae-biofuel production on downstream processing.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids
  17. Liminal presence of exo-microbes inoculating coconut endosperm waste to enhance black soldier fly larval protein and lipid
    Hasnol S, Lim JW, Wong CY, Lam MK, Ntwampe SKO
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2020 Jul;27(19):24574-24581.
    PMID: 32350833 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09034-2
    The anaerobic decomposition of coconut endosperm waste (CEW), residue derived from cooking, has been insidiously spewing greenhouse gasses. Thus, the bioconversion of CEW via in situ fermentation by exo-microbes from commercial Rid-X and subsequent valorization by black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) was the primary objective of the current study to gain sustainable larval lipid and protein. Accordingly, various concentrations of exo-microbes were separately homogenized with CEW to perform fermentation amidst feeding to BSFL. It was found that 2.50% of exo-microbes was the threshold amount entailed to assuage competition between exo-microbes and BSFL for common nutrients. The presence of remnant nutrients exuded from the fermentation using 2.50% of exo-microbes was confirmed to promote BSFL growth measured as maximum larval weight gained and growth rate. Although the BSFL could accumulate the highest protein (16 mg/larva) upon feeding with CEW containing 2.50% of exo-microbes, more lipid (13 mg/larva) was stored in employing 0.10% of exo-microbes because of minimum loss to metabolic processes while prolonging the BSFL in its 5th instar stage.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids
  18. Hydrochar production from high-ash low-lipid microalgal biomass via hydrothermal carbonization: Effects of operational parameters and products characterization
    Khoo CG, Lam MK, Mohamed AR, Lee KT
    Environ Res, 2020 09;188:109828.
    PMID: 32798947 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109828
    This study aims to produce hydrochar from high-ash low-lipid Chlorella vulgaris biomass via hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) process. The effects of hydrothermal temperature and retention time with respect to the physicochemical properties of hydrochar were studied in the range of 180-250 °C and 0.5-4 h, respectively. It was found that the hydrothermal temperature had resulted in a significant reduction of hydrochar yield as compared to the retention time. The raw microalgal biomass was successfully converted into an energy densified hydrochar via an optimized HTC reaction, with higher heating value (HHV) of 24.51 kJ/g, which was approximately two-times higher than that of raw biomass. In addition, the overall carbon recovery rate and energy yield were in the range of 53.2-86.4% and 46.9-76.6%, respectively. The high quality of the produced hydrochar was further supported by the plot of van Krevelen diagram and combustion behaviour analysis. Besides, the aqueous phase collected from HTC process could be further used as nutrients source to cultivate C. vulgaris, in which up to 70% of the biomass yield could be attained as compared to the control cultivation condition. The reusability of the aqueous phase collected from HTC process as an alternative nutrients source to cultivate microalgal indicated the feasibility and positive integration of HTC process in microalgal biofuel processing chain.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids
  19. A review of organic waste enrichment for inducing palatability of black soldier fly larvae: Wastes to valuable resources
    Raksasat R, Lim JW, Kiatkittipong W, Kiatkittipong K, Ho YC, Lam MK, et al.
    Environ Pollut, 2020 Dec;267:115488.
    PMID: 32891050 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115488
    The increase of annual organic wastes generated worldwide has become a major problem for many countries since the mismanagement could bring about negative effects on the environment besides, being costly for an innocuous disposal. Recently, insect larvae have been investigated to valorize organic wastes. This entomoremediation approach is rising from the ability of the insect larvae to convert organic wastes into its biomass via assimilation process as catapulted by the natural demand to complete its lifecycle. Among the insect species, black soldier fly or Hermetia illucens is widely researched since the larvae can grow in various environments while being saprophagous in nature. Even though black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) can ingest various decay materials, some organic wastes such as sewage sludge or lignocellulosic wastes such as waste coconut endosperm are destitute of decent nutrients that could retard the BSFL growth. Hence, blending with nutrient-rich low-cost substrates such as palm kernel expeller, soybean curd residue, etc. is employed to fortify the nutritional contents of larval feeding substrates prior to administering to the BSFL. Alternatively, microbial fermentation can be adopted to breakdown the lignocellulosic wastes, exuding essential nutrients for growing BSFL. Upon reaching maturity, the BSFL can be harvested to serve as the protein and lipid feedstock. The larval protein can be made into insect meal for farmed animals, whilst the lipid source could be extracted and transesterified into larval biodiesel to cushion the global energy demands. Henceforth, this review presents the influence of various organic wastes introduced to feed BSFL, targeting to reduce wastes and producing biochemicals from mature larvae through entomoremediation. Modification of recalcitrant organic wastes via fermentation processes is also unveiled to ameliorate the BSFL growth. Lastly, the sustainable applications of harvested BSFL biomass are as well covered together with the immediate shortcomings that entail further researches.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids
  20. Liquid triphasic systems as sustainable downstream processing of Chlorella sp. biorefinery for potential biofuels and feed production
    Koyande AK, Chew KW, Show PL, Munawaroh HSH, Chang JS
    Bioresour Technol, 2021 Aug;333:125075.
    PMID: 33872996 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125075
    Microalgae are potential sustainable renewable sources of energy but are highly underutilized due to the expensive and time-consuming downstream processing. This study aims at curbing these obstacles by extracting multiple components with a single processing unit. In this work, an ultrasound-assisted liquid triphasic flotation system was incorporated to extract proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates by phase separation. The parameters involved were optimized and the final recovery efficiency of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates was determined. A control run involving conventional three-phase partitioning and a 15-fold scale-up system with the recycling of phase components were also performed. Gas Chromatograph and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy were used to examine the potential of extracted products as a source of biofuel. This biorefinery approach is crucial in commercializing microalgae for biodiesel and bioethanol generation with a side product of purified proteins as feed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids
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