Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 1491 in total

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  1. Fulltext Model of a critical size defect in the New Zealand white rabbit’s tibia
    Che Nor Zarida Che Seman, Zamzuri Zakaria
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2018;17(1):13-18.
    MyJurnal
    Critical size defects (CSD) in the long bones of New Zealand White rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) have been used for years as an experimental model for investigation of the effectiveness of a new bone substitute material. There are varieties of protocols available in the literature. This technical note attempts to present an alternative surgical technique of a CSD in the New Zealand white rabbit tibia. Methods: Thirty-nine New Zealand White rabbits were used in this study. A CSD of approximately 4.5 mm (width) X 9.0 mm (length) was surgically drilled at the proximal tibial metaphysis, approximately 1 cm from the knee joint. The surrounding of soft tissue was repositioned and sutured layer by layer with bioabsorbable surgical suture. Two x-rays of anteroposterior and lateral were taken before assessed under computed tomography scan at 6, 12 and 24 weeks. Results: This alternative method created CSD with less bleeding from the muscle observed. No mortality or other surgical complications observed within 6 weeks, 12 weeks and 24 weeks following surgery. Conclusion: A simple and safe method for performing CSD was demonstrated and recommended as an alternative approach for surgery on New Zealand White rabbits.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  2. A proposal for needle projections in transcutaneous injection laryngoplasty using three-dimensionally reconstructed CT scans
    Nasir ZM, Azman M, Baki MM, Mohamed AS, Kew TY, Zaki FM
    Surg Radiol Anat, 2021 Aug;43(8):1225-1233.
    PMID: 33388863 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-020-02639-9
    PURPOSE: This study aims to determine laryngeal dimension in relation to all three transcutaneous injection laryngoplasty (TIL) approaches (thyrohyoid, transthyroid and cricothyroid) using three-dimensionally reconstructed Computed Tomography (CT) scan and compare the measurements between sex, age group and ethnicity.

    METHODS: CT scans of the neck of two hundred patients were analysed by two groups of raters. For thyrohyoid approach, mean distance from the superior border of the thyroid cartilage to the laryngeal cavity (THd) and mean angle from the superior border of the thyroid cartilage to mid-true cords (THa) were measured. For transthyroid approach, mean distance from mid-thyroid cartilage to mid-true cords (TTd) and Hounsfield unit (HU) at mid-thyroid cartilage (TTc) were measured. For cricothyroid approach, mean distance from the inferior border of the thyroid cartilage to the laryngeal cavity (CTd) and mean angle from the inferior border of the thyroid cartilage to mid-true cords (CTa) were measured.

    RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences between males and females for all measurements except for CTa (p  0.05). There was a significant fair positive correlation between age and TTc (p = 0.0002). For all measurements obtained, there were moderate to excellent inter-group consistency and intra-rater reliability.

    CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated a significant sex dimorphism that may influence the three TIL approaches except for needle angulation in the cricothyroid approach. The knowledge of laryngeal dimension is important to increase success in TIL procedure.

    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  3. CT scan changes in multiple sclerosis among Malaysian patients
    Tan CT, Abdullah D, Zakariya AH
    Neuroradiology, 1991;33(6):494-8.
    PMID: 1780049
    A study of 12 patients with clinically definite multiple sclerosis (CDMS) using high dose infusion CT showed overall abnormality of 75% with an average of 2.5 lesions per patient. 75% of the patients showed abnormality of the cerebrum, mostly asymptomatic. The main changes were ventricular dilatation and asymmetry, isolated or generalized cerebral atrophy, areas of low attenuation mainly in the deeper parts of the cerebrum and the peri-ventricular area. 25% of the patients showed changes in the brainstem and none was seen in the cerebellum. The abnormality was more florid in patients with clinically disseminated forms of the disease. The study demonstrated that asymptomatic cerebral involvement is common among Asian patients with MS and CT is a useful tool in the overall assessment and diagnosis of Asian MS patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed*
  4. Fulltext Fatal mediastinal biopsy: How interventional radiology saves the day
    Yaacob Y, Muda S, Zakaria R
    Ann Thorac Med, 2012 Apr;7(2):107-9.
    PMID: 22558017 DOI: 10.4103/1817-1737.94534
    This was a case of a 35-year-old man with mediastinal mass requiring computed tomography (CT)-guided biopsy for tissue diagnosis. A posterior approach with an 18-gauge biopsy needle was used to obtain tissue sample. Post biopsy, patient condition deteriorated and multiphase CT study detected active bleeding in arterial phase at the biopsy site with massive hemothorax. Subsequent angiography showed arterial bleeder arising from the apical branch of the right pulmonary artery. Selective endovascular embolization with NBCA (n-Butyl cyanoacrylate) was successful. Patient survived the complication. The case highlighted a rare complication in a common radiology procedure and the value of the interventional radiology unit in avoiding a fatal outcome.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  5. Fulltext Rare case of primary leiomyosarcoma of sigmoid mesocolon
    Ilias AS, Yaacob H, Wan Zain WZ, Zakaria AD
    BMJ Case Rep, 2017 Sep 15;2017.
    PMID: 28918402 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-219826
    We experienced a rare case of primary leiomyosarcoma of sigmoid mesentery. A 45-year-old woman was presented to us with left iliac fossa mass and discomfort for 4-month duration. CT scan of abdomen and pelvis revealed a huge mass 14 cm×14 cm×16 cm occupying left iliac fossa mimicked having a large left ovarian carcinoma. She was subsequently planned for elective total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy by gynaecology team. During laparotomy, a huge mass was revealed arising from sigmoid mesentery invaded to the left lower ureter. Curative resection was done and pathological findings show the tumour being leiomyosarcoma with immunohistochemistry tests on caldesmon, desmin, smooth muscle actin and CD34 reagent all positive. Clinicopathological and literature review of this rare primary leiomyosarcoma of mesocolon was discussed in our case presentation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  6. Fulltext Morphology of maxillary first molars analyzed by cone-beam computed tomography among Malaysian: variations in the number of roots and canals and the incidence of fusion
    Aws Hashim Al-Kadhim, Normaliza AB Malik, Azlan Jaafar, Zainul Ahmad Rajion
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2017;16(2):33-39.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: A few studies investigated the numerous potential endodontic uses of CBCT, including the
    examination of root canal morphology and presumed that CBCT was effective for the initial identification of
    such morphology; moreover CBCT is a reliable method for the detection of the MB2 canal when compared
    with the gold standard of physical sectioning of the specimen. The aim of this study was to identify the root
    and canal morphology of the maxillary first molars among Malaysians analysed by cone-beam computed
    tomography (CBCT) images.

    Materials and Methods: Maxillary first (n = 421) molars from Malaysian patients
    (n = 241) of Malay, Chinese and Indians inceptions were examined by two Endodontists using in vivo CBCT
    methods. The number and configuration of roots, the number of root canals, and the canal configuration
    according to Vertucci’s classification were determined.

    Results: Single roots were not found in maxillary
    first molars. The incidence of fused roots was 1.995% in the first molars between mesiobuccal and
    distobuccal roots. In (421) 3-rooted maxillary first molars, additional canals were found in 45.6% of the
    mesiobuccal (MB) roots and 0% of the distobuccal (DB) roots. Bilateral symmetry of the MB roots was found
    in 82.36% of the first molar. Only one tooth was found to have pulp stone inside the pulp chamber.

    Conclusions: The root and canal configuration of a Malaysian population showed different features from
    those of other populations. CBCT scans can enhance the understanding of root canal anatomy, with the
    potential of improving the outcome of endodontic treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography
  7. Fulltext Resection and reconstruction of retroperitoneal sarcoma of spinal roots
    Imran Y, Zulmi W, Faisham WI, Zainal M
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 Dec;59 Suppl F:75-7.
    PMID: 15941171
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  8. Delayed traumatic extradural haematomas
    Chandrasekaran S, Zainal J
    Aust N Z J Surg, 1993 Oct;63(10):780-3.
    PMID: 8274120
    A total of 76 patients with traumatic extradural haematoma were treated within a period of 3 years. Four patients developed delayed extradural haematomas. These cases are reported in view of the unusual sequence and the importance of early diagnosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  9. Sinonasal hybrid tumour involving the anterior skull base
    Mazita A, Gendeh BS, Zainal AI
    J Laryngol Otol, 2008 Aug;122(8):861-3.
    PMID: 17625030
    We report a rare case of sinonasal hybrid tumour within an inverted papilloma.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  10. Fulltext Bleeding jejunal GIST: An uncommon cause of gastrointestinal bleeding
    Mohanaraj T, Hanif H, Zainal AA
    Med J Malaysia, 2015 Feb;70(1):31-2.
    PMID: 26032526 MyJurnal
    Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) are rare gastrointestinal tumours and are one of the causes of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. We report a case of massive gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to bleeding jejunal GIST in a 43 years old gentleman. Endoscopic intervention failed to identify the source of bleeding and CT Angiography (CTA) showed a jejunal mass and patient underwent laparotomy and resection of the bleeding jejunal GIST. This article highlights the rare cause of the massive GI bleeding and also emphasise the role of CTA in obscure GI bleeding.
    Matched MeSH terms: Computed Tomography Angiography
  11. Fulltext Successful endovascular treatment of post-traumatic inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery pseudoaneurysm
    Leong BD, Chuah JA, Kumar VM, Mazri MY, Zainal AA
    Singapore Med J, 2008 Nov;49(11):e300-2.
    PMID: 19037533
    True and pseudoaneurysms of the visceral arteries are uncommon. They represent 0.1-0.2 percent of all vascular aneurysms. Visceral artery aneurysms (VAAs) should be treated due to their propensity to rupture and associated high mortality. We describe a 58-year-old man with pseudoaneurysm of the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery and who presented with post-motor vehicle accident abdominal pain and a pulsatile epigastic mass. Computed tomography (CT) showed a pseudoaneurysm of the visceral artery, and selective mesenteric angiography showed the aneurysm to be arising from the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery. The aneurysm was successfully treated with endovascular coil embolisation. CT angiogram at one month post-procedure revealed persistent occlusion of the aneurysm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported pseudoaneurysm of inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery secondary to blunt abdominal trauma from a motor vehicle accident and also the first reported VAA from Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods
  12. Fulltext Rare cause of Horner's syndrome: pseudoaneurysm of right subclavian artery in an intravenous drug user
    Lee SK, Zainal A
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 Mar;59(1):115-7.
    PMID: 15535347
    Pseudoaneurysms of the subclavian artery are extremely rare lesions despite the overall increase in the frequency of septic pseudoaneurysms caused by illicit parenteral drug abuse. A case of subclavian artery pseudoaneurysm presenting with Horner's syndrome in an intravenous drug user is discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  13. Fulltext Post dental extraction basal skull osteomyelitis with cranial nerve palsy
    Tan, Ciang Sang, Haiza Hani Hamidon, Zainah Shaikh Hedra
    Malaysian Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2016;22(101):0-0.
    MyJurnal
    Background: A 9 year old boy presented with history of persistent headache and recurrent vomiting for 1 month post dental extraction. CT brain was performed for the possibility of space occupying lesion but it was normal. Subsequently, he was treated as migraine after exclusion of meningitis and intracranial lesion. Unfortunately, he developed 3rd, 4th and 6th cranial nerve palsy two weeks later. Repeated CT brain showed subtle finding and inconclusive. MRI brain performed at the time showed features suggestive of basal skull osteomyelitis with congestion of right orbit and optic nerve swelling. Case was referred to Paediatric Neurologist and he was diagnosed to have cranial nerve palsy secondary to basal skull osteomyelitis, post dental extraction.

    Conclusion: Dental procedure is common among children, however basal skull osteomyelitis with cranial nerve palsy is a rare complication. Adequate treatment of dental infection post dental procedure is important to prevent this complication.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  14. Fulltext Non-intrusive capacitance tomography for on-line visualization gas-liquid flow in horizontal pipe
    Mustapha, I., Takriff, M.S., Kamaruddin, S.K., Hassan, N.M., Zain, R.M.
    Journal of Nuclear and Related Technologies, 2009;2009(2):41-48.
    MyJurnal
    Electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) velocimetry technique was utilized in this study to quantify the flow structure of gas-liquid based on the ECT images. A new 8 electrodes sensor ECT has been successfully developed to provide 2D images in a cross section of pipeline. The ECT has been attentively applied in the test section of the flow rig for imaging the gas-liquid distribution. The inside diameter of ECT pipeline sensor is 100mm. Meanwhile, the flow rig consists of close loop of “CPVC” pipes that includes a pipe test section, two tanks of oil and water respectively and allows the working pressure up to 5 bars. Transparent pipe is used for visual monitoring. A portable Doppler flow meter that utilizes the ultrasonic signal has also been placed at the test section to measure the velocity. The images obtained by ECT show that the different flow patterns have been observed in the horizontal pipe during the experiment. The technique enables realization of the time and position at which particle density fluctuations with respect to dominant time-space levels pass through the pipeline.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography
  15. Dengue shock syndrome with retroperitoneal haematoma requiring repeated artery angioembolization
    Teh YH, Tan YP, Zain MM
    Med J Malaysia, 2017 08;72(4):254-256.
    PMID: 28889142 MyJurnal
    Eyelid reconstruction is complex and challenging since it is not only for structural and functional restoration, but also for an acceptable aesthetic result. In full thickness eyelid injuries, it will involve both anterior and posterior lamella. Therefore, when reconstructing the defect, it requires at least two layers; one will be a flap with blood supply, and the other can be a free graft. In this case, a rotational advancement cheek flap and composite graft were used to reconstruct the lower eyelid.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  16. Fulltext Temporal bone squamous cell carcinoma - Penang experience
    Ng SY, Pua KC, Zahirrudin Z
    Med J Malaysia, 2015 Dec;70(6):367-8.
    PMID: 26988214 MyJurnal
    Temporal bone squamous cell carcinoma (TBSCC) is rare and poses difficulties in diagnosing, staging and management. We describe a case series with six patients who were diagnosed TBSCC, from January 2009 to June 2014, with median age of 62 years old. All patients presented with blood-stain discharge and external auditory canal mass, showing that these findings should highly alert the diagnosis of TBSCC. Three patients staged T3 and another three with T4 disease. High-resolution CT (HRCT) temporal findings were noted to be different from intraoperative findings and therefore we conclude that MRI should be done to look for middle ear involvement or other soft tissue invasion for more accurate staging. Lateral temporal bone resection (LTBR) and parotidectomy was done for four patients with or without neck dissection. Patients with positive margin, perineural invasion or parotid and glenoid involvement carry poorer prognosis and postoperative radiotherapy may improve the survival rate. One patient had successful tumor resection via piecemeal removal approach in contrast with the recommended en bloc resection shows that with negative margin achieved, piecemeal removal approach can be a good option for patients with T2-3 disease. In general, T4 tumor has dismal outcome regardless of surgery or radiotherapy given.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  17. Fulltext Ultrasound (US) and computed tomographic (CT) appearances of large (giant) hepatic cavernous hemangiomas
    Samad SA, Maimunah A, Zulfiqar A, Zaharah M
    Med J Malaysia, 1995 Mar;50(1):82-6.
    PMID: 7752982
    The sonographic and CT appearances of 9 large cavernous hemangiomas of the liver were studied. On sonography, 6 masses (67%) exhibit heterogenous echo pattern; where in 2 patients the echotexture was a mixture of hypoechoic and isoechoic areas and in 4 patients there are varying amounts of bright hyperreflective areas similar to the texture typical of small hemangiomas. The masses were predominantly hypoechoic in the remaining 3 patients (33%). Incremental bolus or bolus-infusion dynamic CT showed peripheral contrast enhancement of varying intensities and thickness in all patients. The lesions were incorrectly diagnosed as hepatomas in 4 patients, suspected as hemangiomas with a differential diagnosis of hepatomas in 4 patients and an early liver abscess in 1 patient. It is concluded that large cavernous hemangiomas of the liver do not exhibit the typical homogenous hyperreflective echotexture as exhibited by small lesions and they mimic primary and secondary hepatic neoplasms. However, the diagnosis of hemangioma should be entertained when such a mass contains bright hyperechoic areas within its heterogenous echo pattern and exhibit peripheral enhancement on contrast enhanced CT. In addition to correlation with appropriate clinical information, confirmation of diagnosis include delayed scanning during a routine incremental bolus dynamic CT, single-slice dynamic contrast enhanced CT, angiography or isotope scintigraphy and magnetic resonance imaging depending on the availability of facility.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed*
  18. Fulltext Disseminated Salmonella infection
    Johari MI, Besari AM, Wan Ghazali WS, Yusof Z
    BMJ Case Rep, 2019 May 09;12(5).
    PMID: 31076489 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-226337
    A 47-year-old Malay man who presented with fever, poor oral intake and loss of weight for 1 month duration. Further work-up revealed evidence of disseminated Salmonella infection that was further complicated with pericardial and pleural empyema. Cultures from pericardial and pleural fluids grew Salmonella species with negative serial blood cultures. Contrast enhanced CT thorax showed pleural effusion with large pericardial effusion. The patient was treated with antibiotics and drainage of pericardial and pleural empyema was done and he was discharged well.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  19. Diagnostic accuracy of periapical radiograph, cone beam computed tomography, and intrasurgical linear measurement techniques for assessing furcation defects: a longitudinal randomised controlled trial
    Yusof NAM, Noor E, Reduwan NH, Yusof MYPM
    Clin Oral Investig, 2021 Mar;25(3):923-932.
    PMID: 32535703 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03380-8
    OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), periapical radiograph, and intrasurgical linear measurements in the assessment of molars with furcation defects.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: This parallel, single-blinded, randomised controlled trial (RCT) consisted of 22 periodontitis patients who had molar with advanced furcation involvement (FI). All patients followed the same inclusion criteria and were treated following the same protocol, except for radiographic evaluation (CBCT vs. periapical). This study proposed and evaluated five parameters that represent the extent and severity of furcation defects in molars teeth, including CEJ-BD (clinical attachment loss), BL-H (depth), BL-V (height), RT (root trunk), and FW (width).

    RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between CBCT and intrasurgical linear measurements for any clinical parameter (p > 0.05). However, there were statistically significant differences in BL-V measurements (p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Spiral Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
  20. Measurement of radiation attenuation parameters of modified defatted soy flour-soy protein isolate-based mangrove wood particleboards to be used for CT phantom production
    Samson DO, Jafri MZM, Shukri A, Hashim R, Sulaiman O, Aziz MZA, et al.
    Radiat Environ Biophys, 2020 08;59(3):483-501.
    PMID: 32333105 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-020-00844-z
    For the first time, Rhizophora spp. (Rh. spp.) particleboard phantoms were developed using defatted soy flour (DSF) and soy protein isolate (SPI) modified by sodium hydroxide and itaconic acid polyamidoamine-epichlorohydrin (IA-PAE) adhesive. The microstructural characterization and X-ray diffraction patterns of the material revealed that the modified DSF and SPI adhesives became more compact and homogeneous when NaOH/IA-PAE was added, which prevented damage by moisture. It was confirmed that the composite is crystalline with (101), (002), and (004) orientations. Phantoms made of this material were scanned with X-ray computed tomography (CT) typically used for abdominal examinations with varying energies corresponding to 80, 120, and 135 kVp, to determine CT numbers, electron densities, and density distribution profiles. The radiation attenuation parameters were found to be not significantly different from those of water (XCOM) with p values [Formula: see text] 0.05 for DSF and SPI. The DSF- and SPI-based particleboard phantoms showed CT numbers close to those of water at the three X-ray CT energies. In addition, electron density and density distribution profiles of DSF-SPI-Rh. spp. particleboard phantoms with 15 wt% IA-PAE content were even closer to those of water and other commercial phantom materials at the three X-ray CT energies. It is concluded that DSF-SPI with NaOH/IA-PAE added can be used as a potential adhesive in Rh. spp. particleboard phantoms for radiation dosimetry.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed*
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