Displaying publications 401 - 420 of 1034 in total

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  1. Fulltext Influence of combined hypertension and renal failure on functional alpha(1)-adrenoceptor subtypes in the rat kidney
    Hye Khan MA, Sattar MA, Abdullah NA, Johns EJ
    Br J Pharmacol, 2008 Mar;153(6):1232-41.
    PMID: 18246093 DOI: 10.1038/bjp.2008.13
    This study investigated whether the alpha(1)-adrenoceptor responsiveness of the renal vasculature was altered in the state of hypertension combined with renal failure.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney/blood supply; Kidney/physiopathology
  2. Fulltext Health related quality of life of dialysis patients in Malaysia: Haemodialysis versus continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
    Surendra NK, Abdul Manaf MR, Hooi LS, Bavanandan S, Mohamad Nor FS, Shah Firdaus Khan S, et al.
    BMC Nephrol, 2019 04 30;20(1):151.
    PMID: 31039745 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-019-1326-x
    BACKGROUND: Health related quality of life (HRQOL) is an important predictor of clinical outcomes for End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patients and to establish quality adjusted life years (QALYs) for economic evaluation studies. This study aims to measure the health utilities and to identify socio-demographic and clinical factors associated with HRQOL for haemodialysis (HD) and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) in Malaysia.

    METHODS: A total of 141 patients (77 HD and 64 CAPD) from 1 federal and four state hospitals participated in this cross-sectional study. Patients were randomly selected from the National Renal Registry (NRR) using a stratified random sampling. The EQ-5D-3 L questionnaire was used to measure HRQOL. Variables investigated include dialysis modalities, sociodemographic characteristics, co-morbidities and biochemical markers. Utilities are measured on an ordinal scale of 0-1, where 1 indicates full health and 0 indicates death.

    RESULTS: The mean utility scores were 0.854 ± 0.181 and 0.905 ± 0.124 (p > 0.05) and the mean Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores were 76.2 ± 12.90 and 77.1 ± 10.26 (p > 0.05) for HD and CAPD patients respectively. There was a significant difference in problems reported between HD (35.1%) and CAPD (15.6%) on usual activities dimension (p = 0.009). The proportion of patients having problems in the pain/discomfort domain in both modalities was high (34.0%). Haemoglobin (

    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Failure, Chronic/blood; Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy*
  3. OHVIRA syndrome: clinical implications of a delayed diagnosis
    Mohd Adzlan F, Mohd K, Ahmad N, Ramli R
    BMJ Case Rep, 2024 May 22;17(5).
    PMID: 38782440 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2024-259861
    Obstructed Hemi Vagina with Ipsilateral Renal Agenesis (OHVIRA) syndrome is a rarely encountered müllerian duct anomaly. Delayed diagnosis is common due to normal onset of puberty and menstruation. We report a case of a woman in her early 20s with a background history of multiple emergency department visits, ward admissions and surgeries for chronic abdominal pain. She was reviewed at 1 month postlaparotomy for recurrent pelvic abscess and was finally diagnosed to have an OHVIRA syndrome, 11 years after her first clinical presentation. Excision of the vaginal septum completely resolved her symptoms. We are reporting this case to highlight the clinical implications resulting from the delayed diagnosis, to look into factors contributing to the delay and to highlight the importance of having a high index of suspicion to diagnose this unique condition.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Diseases/congenital; Kidney Diseases/diagnosis
  4. Peritoneal dialysis in Asia
    Cheng IK
    Perit Dial Int, 1996;16 Suppl 1:S381-5.
    PMID: 8728228
    The socioeconomic status of Asian countries is diverse, and government reimbursement policies for treatment of patients suffering from end-stage renal disease (ESRD) vary greatly from one country to another. Both of these factors have a major impact not only on the choice of treatment for ESRD but also on the utilization of peritoneal dialysis (PD) in this region. Based on the data collected from 11 representative Asian countries, several observations can be made. First, the treatment rates for ESRD in these countries correlated closely with their gross domestic product (GDP) per capita income. Second, the PD utilization rate appeared to have a biphasic relationship with the GDP per capita income and treatment rate, in that countries with the highest and the lowest treatment rates tended to have lower PD utilization rates, whereas countries with modest treatment rates tended to have higher PD utilization rates. The reason for low PD utilization in countries with the highest treatment rates differs from that in countries with low treatment rates. In the former, because of full government reimbursement, there is little physician incentive to introduce PD as an alternative form of ESRD treatment to in-center hemodialysis (HD), whereas in the latter, the complete lack of government reimbursement prevents the introduction of PD as a form of treatment. This pattern is likely to change in the future because, of the 11 countries surveyed, all except Thailand have recorded a growth rate which is higher for PD than HD over the last three years. The rate of utilization of different PD systems varies greatly among different Asian countries. Automated PD has yet to gain popularity in Asia. Conventional straight-line systems remain the dominant PD systems in use in Hong Kong, Korea, Thailand, and the Philippines, while in Malaysia and Singapore UV germicidal connection devices are most popular. However, in all these countries there has been a progressive shift over the last three years from the straight-line systems with or without germicidal connection devices to the disconnect systems. In China and India, where PD has been introduced only recently, the disconnect systems are used almost exclusively. The disconnect systems are also the most popular systems in use in Japan and Taiwan. As data concerning the cost-effectiveness of different PD systems becomes available, it is likely that trend towards a more liberal use of disconnect systems will continue in the future. The usage of low calcium peritoneal dialysate and the average number of daily CAPD exchanges also vary among the Asian countries. Low calcium peritoneal dialysate has been introduced only in Japan, Hong Kong, and Singapore, with the highest utilization rate (90%) recorded in Singapore. The Philippines had the lowest average number of daily peritoneal exchanges (6L) among the countries surveyed, followed by Hong Kong (6.4L), China and Indonesia (7L), and the rest (8L). The use of a lower number of exchanges was introduced in some countries, initially, mainly as a cost-saving measure based on the assumption that Asians are of small body build. The justification for the continued use of a lower number of exchanges among Asian patients is debatable, but is supported by the acceptable, long-term clinical outcome of patients given this form of dialysis prescription. It is suggested that long-term prospective studies on dialysis adequacy and clinical outcome should be done in different ethnic groups in Asia to see if the similar guidelines with regard to dialysis adequacy can be applied uniformly to Orientals and Caucasians.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Failure, Chronic/economics*; Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy
  5. A case of minimal change disease complicated by acute kidney injury in systemic lupus erythematosus
    Wong KW
    Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl, 2014 Nov;25(6):1308-11.
    PMID: 25394457
    Matched MeSH terms: Acute Kidney Injury/diagnosis; Acute Kidney Injury/etiology*; Acute Kidney Injury/therapy
  6. Fulltext The clinical utility window for acute kidney injury biomarkers in the critically ill
    Ralib AM, Pickering JW, Shaw GM, Than MP, George PM, Endre ZH
    Crit Care, 2014;18(6):601.
    PMID: 25366893 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-014-0601-2
    INTRODUCTION: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) biomarker utility depends on sample timing after the onset of renal injury. We compared biomarker performance on arrival in the emergency department (ED) with subsequent performance in the intensive care unit (ICU).
    METHODS: Urinary and plasma Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL), and urinary Cystatin C (CysC), alkaline phosphatase, γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase (GGT), α- and π-Glutathione S-Transferase (GST), and albumin were measured on ED presentation, and at 0, 4, 8, and 16 hours, and days 2, 4 and 7 in the ICU in patients after cardiac arrest, sustained or profound hypotension or ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. AKI was defined as plasma creatinine increase ≥ 26.5 μmol/l within 48 hours or ≥ 50% within 7 days.
    RESULTS: n total, 45 of 77 patients developed AKI. Most AKI patients had elevated urinary NGAL, and plasma NGAL and CysC in the period 6 to 24 hours post presentation. Biomarker performance in the ICU was similar or better than when measured earlier in the ED. Plasma NGAL diagnosed AKI at all sampling times, urinary NGAL, plasma and urinary CysC up to 48 hours, GGT 4 to 12 hours, and π-GST 8 to 12 hours post insult. Thirty-one patients died or required dialysis. Peak 24-hour urinary NGAL and albumin independently predicted 30-day mortality and dialysis; odds ratios 2.87 (1.32 to 6.26), and 2.72 (1.14 to 6.48), respectively. Urinary NGAL improved risk prediction by 11% (IDI event of 0.06 (0.002 to 0.19) and IDI non-event of 0.04 (0.002 to 0.12)).
    CONCLUSION: Early measurement in the ED has utility, but not better AKI diagnostic performance than later ICU measurement. Plasma NGAL diagnosed AKI at all time points. Urinary NGAL best predicted mortality or dialysis compared to other biomarkers.
    TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12610001012066. Registered 12 February 2010.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acute Kidney Injury/blood*; Acute Kidney Injury/diagnosis; Acute Kidney Injury/urine*
  7. Fulltext Gene expression profiling in ethnic Malays with type 2 diabetes mellitus, with and without diabetic nephropathy
    Lokman FE, Seman NA, Ismail AA, Yaacob NA, Mustafa N, Khir AS, et al.
    J Nephrol, 2011;24(6):778-89.
    PMID: 21360476 DOI: 10.5301/JN.2011.6382
    BACKGROUND: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (DM) in Malaysia. This study used microarray analysis to determine the gene expression profiling in ethnic Malay patients with type 2 DM.
    METHODS: A total of 312 patients were recruited; 25 were on dialysis due to ESRD, 128 were classified as normoalbuminuric, 93 as microalbuminuric and 66 as macroalbuminuric, based on urine albumin to creatinine ratio of <3.5, between 3.5 and 35 and =35 mg/mmol, respectively.
    RESULTS: Microalbuminuria was associated with up- and down-regulation of 2,694 and 2,538 genes, respectively, while macroalbuminuria was associated with up-regulation of 2,520 genes and down-regulation of 2,920 genes. There was significant up-regulation of 1,135 genes and down-regulation of 908 genes in the ESRD samples. Thirty-seven significantly up-regulated genes and 40 down-regulated genes were commonly expressed in all 3 groups of patients with worsening of renal functions. Up-regulated genes included major histocompatibility complex (HLA-C), complement component 3a receptor 1 (C3AR1), solute carrier family 16, member 3 (SLC16A3) and solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger) (SLC9A8). Consistently down-regulated genes included were bone morphogenetic phosphatase kinase (BMP2K), solute carrier family 12, member 1 (SLC12A1), solute carrier family 7 (SLC7A2), paternally expressed 10 (PEG10) and protein phosphatase 1 regulatory (inhibitor unit) (PPP1R1C).
    CONCLUSION: This study has identified several genes of interest, such as HLA-C, SLC16A3, SLC9A8, SLC12A1 and SLC7A2, that require verification of their roles as susceptibility genes for diabetic nephropathy in ethnic Malays with type 2 DM.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Failure, Chronic/ethnology; Kidney Failure, Chronic/genetics; Kidney Failure, Chronic/epidemiology
  8. Hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of honey supplementation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
    Erejuwa OO, Omotayo EO, Gurtu S, Sulaiman SA, Ab Wahab MS, Sirajudeen KN, et al.
    Int J Vitam Nutr Res, 2010 Jan;80(1):74-82.
    PMID: 20533247 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000008
    Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the development of diabetic complications. The aims of this study were to investigate whether honey could reduce hyperglycemia and ameliorate oxidative stress in kidneys of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney/enzymology; Kidney/metabolism; Kidney/pathology
  9. Fulltext Historical development of the renal histopathology services in Malaysia
    Looi LM, Cheah PL
    Malays J Pathol, 2009 Jun;31(1):11-6.
    PMID: 19694308 MyJurnal
    Western-style medicine was introduced to Malaya by the Portuguese, Dutch and British between the 1500s and 1800s. Although the earliest pathology laboratories were developed within hospitals towards the end of the 19th Century, histopathology emerged much later than the biochemistry and bacteriology services. The University Departments of Pathology were the pioneers of the renal histopathology diagnostic services. The Department of Pathology, University of Malaya (UM) received its first renal biopsy on 19 May 1968. Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (HUKM) and Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM) started their services in 1979 and 1987 respectively. It is notable that the early services in these University centres caterred for both the university hospitals and the Ministry of Health (MOH) until the mid-1990s when MOH began to develop its own services, pivoted on renal pathologists trained through Fellowship programmes. Currently, key centres in the MOH are Kuala Lumpur Hospital, Sultanah Aminah Hospital Johor Bahru and Malacca Hospital. With the inclusion of renal biopsy interpretation in the Master of Pathology programmes, basic renal histopathology services became widely available throughout the country from 2000. This subsequently filtered out to the private sector as more histopathologists embraced private practice. There is now active continuing professional development in renal histopathology through clinicopathological dicussions, seminars and workshops. Renal research on amyloid nephropathy, minimal change disease, IgA nephropathy, fibrillary glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis and microwave technology have provided an insight into the patterns of renal pathology and changing criteria for biopsy. More recently, there has been increasing involvement of renal teams in clinical trials, particularly for lupus nephritis and renal transplant modulation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Diseases/history; Kidney Diseases/pathology*; Kidney Diseases/physiopathology
  10. Renal outcome following on- and off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery
    Ooi JS, Abdul Rahman MR, Shah SA, Dimon MZ
    Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann, 2008 Dec;16(6):468-72.
    PMID: 18984756
    A prospective study was carried out to compare the outcomes of patients with preexisting non-dialysis-dependent renal dysfunction who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting with or without cardiopulmonary bypass. Elective off-pump coronary artery bypass was performed in 29 patients with renal dysfunction. Their results were compared with those of a similar group of 35 patients who underwent the conventional on-pump coronary artery grafting. There was a significant deterioration in creatinine clearance in the on-pump group on days 1, 2, and 4 after surgery, while creatinine clearance in the off-pump group remained close to the baseline level. Both groups had improved to the preoperative creatinine clearance values on follow-up at 4 weeks. It was concluded that off-pump surgery provided better renal protection than the conventional on-pump technique in patients with preexisting non-dialysis-dependent renal dysfunction.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Diseases/complications*; Kidney Diseases/physiopathology; Kidney Diseases/surgery
  11. Is survival enough for quality of life in Sagliker Syndrome-uglifying human face appearances in chronic kidney disease?
    Sagliker Y, Acharya V, Golea O, Sabry A, Bali M, Eyupoglu K, et al.
    J Nephrol, 2008 Mar-Apr;21 Suppl 13:S134-8.
    PMID: 18446747
    It is known that secondary hyperparathyroidism (SH) and particularly skeletal changes is a severe condition in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Sagliker syndrome (SS) is a very prominent feature in CKD including uglifying human face appearances, short stature, extremely severe maxillary and mandibulary changes, soft tissues in the mouth, teeth-dental abnormalities, finger tip changes and severe psychological problems.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Diseases/complications*; Kidney Diseases/pathology; Kidney Diseases/psychology
  12. Brachiocephalic vein stenosis in a patient with end-stage renal disease without prior central vein cannulation
    Fauzi AR, Jeyabalan V, Kong NC, Selvam T
    Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl, 2003 Apr-Jun;14(2):194-6.
    PMID: 18209446
    Central vein stenosis is usually associated with previous cannulation or trauma to the affected vein. This pathology may present as ipsilateral arm swelling in patients in whom a recent arteriovenous fistula has been prepared for chronic hemodialysis. The presence of central vein stenosis without prior trauma or cannulation is not hitherto reported to the best of our knowledge. We herewith report a patient with end-stage renal disease who was initiated on chronic dialysis using an arteriovenous fistula, who was noted to have central vein stenosis. This was despite her never having had any central vein cannulation or previous known trauma. Venogram confirmed the presence of brachiocephalic vein stenosis. The patient underwent venographic stenting of the involved vein with good success.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Failure, Chronic
  13. Diabetes mellitus exacerbates advanced glycation end product accumulation in the veins of end-stage renal failure patients
    Nazratun N, Mahmood AA, Kuppusamy UR, Ahmad TS, Tan SY
    Vasc Med, 2006 Nov;11(4):245-50.
    PMID: 17390548
    The excess accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) contributes to the chronic complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and renal failure. Biopsy specimens (n = 184) of arterial (n = 92) and venous (n = 92) tissues were obtained (radial artery and cephalic vein) from end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients with or without DM and normal healthy subjects (n = 12) requiring surgery (trauma patients). Immunohistochemical assessment of the blood vessels revealed the presence of pentosidine (AGE marker) in both veins and arteries in 72% of the ESRD patients. The percentage of arteries and veins that showed positive pentosidine staining in ESRD patients with type 2 DM alone was 100% and 92% respectively, in the non-diabetic ESRD patients it was < 70% (for arteries and veins), and in the ESRD patients with hypertension as an additional co-morbidity to type 2 DM it was 70% and 82%, respectively. The veins of ESRD patients with DM showed a strong (+++) positive staining and very strong (++++) positive staining was observed in the patients with DM and hypertension. Only mild (+) or moderate (++) pentosidine staining intensity was observed in the arteries of ESRD patients without or with comorbidities, respectively. The accumulation of AGE in the vein rather than the artery may be a better reflection of the extent of complications of ESRD.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Failure, Chronic/complications; Kidney Failure, Chronic/metabolism*; Kidney Failure, Chronic/pathology
  14. Fulltext Effectiveness of posthemodialysis administration of pregabalin (75 mg) in treatment resistance uremia pruritus
    Khan TM, Aziz A, Suleiman AK
    J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2016 3 10;8(1):74-6.
    PMID: 26957874 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.171736
    Uremic pruritus (UP) is one of the complications faced by majority of the patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD). Due to complex pathophysiology of UP, most of the anti-inflammatory and tropical lubricants often not provide a long lasting control over pruritus. Recently the uses of certain anti-epileptics are found to demonstrate promising relief to UP. To test the effect of 75 mg pregabalin in patients with treatment resistance pruritus. Data was prospectively collected from a patient with ESRD and suffering from treatment resistance pruritus. Intensity of pruritus was recorded using 5D-itching scale (5D-IS) and visual analogue scale (VAS). Pre and post assessment was done for this patient, on initial assess the parathyroid hormone level of the patient was 70.5 pg/ml with a serum phosphate level of 2.61 mmol/L. Upon initial assess the VAS score was 8 and 5D-IS score was twenty. After the duration of four weeks of pregabalin 75 mg post hemodialysis, 5D-IS score reduced to 8 and VAS score move down to 3. Pregabalin 75 mg post hemodialysis was found to reduce the intensity of UP. Pregabalin 75 mg post hemodialysis can be another option to treat UP.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Failure, Chronic
  15. Fulltext Association of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) gene polymorphisms in Malaysian patients with chronic kidney disease
    Wong FN, Chua KH, Kuppusamy UR, Wong CM, Lim SK, Tan JA
    PeerJ, 2016;4:e1908.
    PMID: 27114872 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1908
    Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a condition associated with progressive loss of kidney function and kidney damage. The two common causes of CKD are diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Other causes of CKD also include polycystic kidney disease, obstructive uropathy and primary glomerulonephritis. The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) is a multi-ligand cell surface receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily and it has been associated with kidney disease in both non-diabetic and diabetic patients. Presently, data on the association between RAGE polymorphisms and CKD in the Malaysian population is limited, while numerous studies have reported associations of RAGE polymorphisms with diabetic complications in other populations. The present study aims to explore the possibility of using RAGE polymorphisms as candidate markers of CKD in Malaysian population by using association analysis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polycystic Kidney Diseases
  16. Fulltext Cystathione gamma lyase/Hydrogen Sulphide Pathway Up Regulation Enhances the Responsiveness of α1A and α1B-Adrenoreceptors in the Kidney of Rats with Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
    Ahmad A, Sattar MA, Azam M, Abdulla MH, Khan SA, Hashmi F, et al.
    PLoS One, 2016;11(5):e0154995.
    PMID: 27191852 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154995
    The purpose of the present study was to investigate the interaction between H2S and NO (nitric oxide) in the kidney and to evaluate its impact on the functional contribution of α1A and α1B-adrenoreceptors subtypes mediating the renal vasoconstriction in the kidney of rats with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). In rats the LVH induction was by isoprenaline administration and caffeine in the drinking water together with intraperitoneal administration of H2S. The responsiveness of α1A and α1B to exogenous noradrenaline, phenylephrine and methoxaminein the absence and presence of 5-methylurapidil (5-MeU) and chloroethylclonidine (CEC) was studied. Cystathione gamma lyase (CSE), cystathione β synthase (CBS), 3-mercaptopyruvate sulphar transferase (3-MST) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were quantified. There was significant up regulation of CSE and eNOS in the LVH-H2S compared to the LVH group (P<0.05). Baseline renal cortical blood perfusion (RCBP) was increased (P<0.05) in the LVH-H2S compared to the LVH group. The responsiveness of α1A-adrenergic receptors to adrenergic agonists was increased (P<0.05) after administration of low dose 5-Methylurapidil in the LVH-H2S group while α1B-adrenergic receptors responsiveness to adrenergic agonists were increased (P<0.05) by both low and high dose chloroethylclonidine in the LVH-H2S group. Treatment of LVH with H2S resulted in up-regulation of CSE/H2S, CBS, and 3-MST and eNOS/NO/cGMP pathways in the kidney. These up regulation of CSE/H2S, CBS, and 3-MST and eNOS/NO/cGMP pathways enhanced the responsiveness of α1A and α1B-adrenoreceptors subtypes to adrenergic agonists in LVH-H2S. These findings indicate an important role for H2S in modulating deranged signalling in the renal vasculature resulting from LVH development.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney/drug effects; Kidney/metabolism*; Kidney/physiology
  17. Updates on baseline characteristics of the omega-3 fatty acids (Fish oils) and Aspirin in Vascular access OUtcomes in REnal Disease (FAVOURED) study
    Viecelli AK, Pascoe EM, Polkinghorne KR, Hawley CM, Paul-Brent PA, Badve SV, et al.
    Nephrology (Carlton), 2017 10;22(10):823-824.
    PMID: 27188542 DOI: 10.1111/nep.12823
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Diseases
  18. Fulltext FAT1 mutations cause a glomerulotubular nephropathy
    Gee HY, Sadowski CE, Aggarwal PK, Porath JD, Yakulov TA, Schueler M, et al.
    Nat Commun, 2016 Feb 24;7:10822.
    PMID: 26905694 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10822
    Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) causes 15% of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Here we show that recessive mutations in FAT1 cause a distinct renal disease entity in four families with a combination of SRNS, tubular ectasia, haematuria and facultative neurological involvement. Loss of FAT1 results in decreased cell adhesion and migration in fibroblasts and podocytes and the decreased migration is partially reversed by a RAC1/CDC42 activator. Podocyte-specific deletion of Fat1 in mice induces abnormal glomerular filtration barrier development, leading to podocyte foot process effacement. Knockdown of Fat1 in renal tubular cells reduces migration, decreases active RAC1 and CDC42, and induces defects in lumen formation. Knockdown of fat1 in zebrafish causes pronephric cysts, which is partially rescued by RAC1/CDC42 activators, confirming a role of the two small GTPases in the pathogenesis. These findings provide new insights into the pathogenesis of SRNS and tubulopathy, linking FAT1 and RAC1/CDC42 to podocyte and tubular cell function.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Tubules/cytology; Kidney Tubules/metabolism; Kidney Tubules/pathology
  19. Anthropometric and growth assessment of children receiving renal replacement therapy in Malaysia
    Karupaiah T, Chooi CH, Lim YN, Morad Z
    J Ren Nutr, 2002 Apr;12(2):113-21.
    PMID: 11953925
    To report on the anthropometric and growth status of children receiving renal replacement therapy (RRT) in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Failure, Chronic/complications; Kidney Failure, Chronic/physiopathology; Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy*
  20. Chronic nephrotoxicity of anti-inflammatory drugs used in the treatment of arthritis
    Segasothy M, Chin GL, Sia KK, Zulfiqar A, Samad SA
    Br J Rheumatol, 1995 Feb;34(2):162-5.
    PMID: 7704463
    We determined the consumption of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and the prevalence of chronic renal impairment and renal papillary necrosis (RPN) in patients with various types of arthritis. Ninety-four patients with chronic arthritis who had consumed more than 1000 capsules and/or tablets of NSAIDs were studied. Renal profiles and radiological investigations such as intravenous urogram (IVU), ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT) were performed to look for evidence of RPN. Twelve patients did not complete the study. Ten of the 82 patients who had completed the study (12.2%) had radiologic evidence of RPN. Five out of 53 patients (9.4%) with rheumatoid arthritis, three out of 11 patients (27.3%) with gouty arthritis and two out of seven patients (28.6%) with osteoarthritis had RPN. Renal impairment (serum creatinine levels of 125-451 mumol/l) was found in 20 patients (24.4%). The patients had consumed 1000-26,300 capsules and/or tablets over a period ranging from 1 yr to more than 30 yr. Patients with chronic arthritis who consume excessive amount of NSAIDs are at risk of developing RPN and chronic renal impairment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Diseases/chemically induced*; Kidney Papillary Necrosis/chemically induced
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