Displaying publications 441 - 460 of 5580 in total

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  1. Primary and secondary risk factors for coronary heart disease: their role in prevention
    Wilhelmsen L
    Med J Malaysia, 1977 Jun;31(4):296-301.
    PMID: 927236
    Matched MeSH terms: Coronary Disease/blood; Coronary Disease/etiology; Coronary Disease/prevention & control*
  2. Fulltext Hyperthyroid graves disease--a 5 year retrospective study
    Tan TT, Ng ML, Wu LL, Khalid BA
    Med J Malaysia, 1989 Sep;44(3):224-30.
    PMID: 2626137
    The clinical, biochemical and immunological features of 180 patients with hyperthyroid Graves' disease managed at the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Endocrine Clinic from 1983 to 1987 were examined. The prevalence of the disease is highest in Chinese and lowest in Indians. The female: male ratio is 2.8:1. Hypokalaemic periodic paralysis and hypercalcaemia were present in 5.0% and 1.7% of the cases respectively. Pretibial myxoedema was extremely rare. Thyrotropin - binding inhibitory immunoglobulins, anti-thyroglobulin and anti-microsome antibodies were positive in 61.5%, 25.8% and 42.3% of the patients respectively. A eumetabolic state could be achieved in the majority of patients with antithyroid drugs alone. Definitive therapy with subtotal thyroidectomy or radioiodine were needed in 31.3% of cases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Graves Disease/diagnosis*; Graves Disease/epidemiology; Graves Disease/therapy
  3. Fulltext Cigarette smoking and the risk of myocardial infarction, and acute non-infarct coronary events among Malaysian women
    Quek DK, Lim LY, Ong SB
    Med J Malaysia, 1989 Sep;44(3):210-23.
    PMID: 2626136
    In a prospective case-control study over a two-year period involving 1006 women, 264 women with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 305 with non-infarct acute coronary syndromes (CAD) were compared with 437 women with no coronary heart disease (Controls), to determine the relationship between cigarette smoking and other risks factors with coronary heart disease. A history of current cigarette smoking was strongly associated with the risk of coronary events for both AMI And CAD (p less than 0.001). 23.9% of patients with acute coronary syndromes were current smokers, compared with only 12.8% among controls. Overall, women smokers had about a two-fold increase in risk for all coronary events. Younger women smokers (less than 40 years) and those between 61-70 years had particularly higher risks (10.3 and 2.7 times respectively (p less than 0.01, p less than 0.02). A dose-response pattern of increased AMI risks (from 2.0 to 2.9 times) among women smokers was also found, corresponding to the number of cigarettes smoked per day (p less than 0.05). Other significant coronary risk factors established were: postmenopausal status (OR 6.5), diabetes mellitus (OR 5.1), hypertension (OR 1.6), family history of premature coronary heart disease less than 50 years (OR 1.3) and use of oral contraceptive pills (OR 1.4). Our results thus emphasize that cigarette smoking is an important determinant of acute coronary events even among Malaysian women.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acute Disease; Coronary Disease/etiology; Coronary Disease/epidemiology*
  4. Melioidosis with brain abscess
    Pit S, Chea FK, Jamal F
    Postgrad Med J, 1988 Feb;64(748):140-2.
    PMID: 3174527
    Central nervous system involvement in melioidosis is rare. We describe a 48 year old woman who developed septicaemia and a brain abscess due to Pseudomonas pseudomallei. Since there is a continuing practical problem in bacteriological confirmation of the aetiological agent, diagnosis of melioidosis has to be made on clinical suspicion.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acute Disease
  5. Mutations in mitochondrial complex I assembly factor NDUFAF3 cause Leigh syndrome
    Baertling F, Sánchez-Caballero L, Timal S, van den Brand MA, Ngu LH, Distelmaier F, et al.
    Mol Genet Metab, 2017 03;120(3):243-246.
    PMID: 27986404 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2016.12.005
    NDUFAF3 is an assembly factor of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I. Variants in NDUFAF3 have been identified as a cause of severe multisystem mitochondrial disease. In a patient presenting with Leigh syndrome, which has hitherto not been described as a clinical feature of NDUFAF3 deficiency, we identified a novel homozygous variant and confirmed its pathogenicity in patient fibroblasts studies. Furthermore, we present an analysis of complex I assembly routes representative of each functional module and, thereby, link NDUFAF3 to a specific step in complex I assembly. Therefore, our report expands the phenotype of NDUFAF3 deficiency and further characterizes the role of NDUFAF3 in complex I biogenesis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Leigh Disease/genetics*; Leigh Disease/pathology; Genetic Predisposition to Disease
  6. The usefulness of oxygen saturation in the evaluation of acute asthma in the accident and emergency department
    Kuan GL, Tee AC
    Malaysian Journal of Child Health, 1998;10(1):52-55.
    MyJurnal
    To study the role of pulse oximetry in the assessment of acute asthma in children presenting to the A&E department, 360 children who presented themselves to the A&E department were enrolled into the study. Those admitted were found to have a lower mean Sa02 of 92% compared to those discharged with Sa02 of 94% (p < 0.001). After the initial treatment at the A&E, those admitted still have a lower mean Sa02 of 94% compared to those discharged with a mean Sa02 of 96% (p < 0.001). However taking Sa02 of 92% as a predictor of admission hada sensitivity of 39% and a specificity of 80% but it had a high negative predictive value of 92%. Hence pulse oximetry alone is not sensitive for predicting admission in acute asthma in children.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acute Disease
  7. Fulltext What can we learn from the Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) Guidelines?
    Mohd Ridzwan, J., Rafidah, B.
    Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 2011;20(1):1-4.
    MyJurnal
    Bipolar Mood Disorder (BMD) is one of the most common, severe, and persistent mental illnesses. The Malaysian Consensus Statement for the Treatment of Bipolar Mood Disorder, published in 2007 is still the major reference for managing the condition in this country. However, recently the Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) guidelines was revised and at the moment, this contains the most up-to-date recommendations. This paper reviewed and compared both documents to establish the latest information on managing Bipolar Mood Disorder.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chronic Disease
  8. Fulltext When culture and ethics collide
    Lili Husniati Yaacob, Azlina Ishak
    Education in Medicine Journal, 2013;5(4):87-89.
    MyJurnal
    This case illustrates the role of a woman's autonomy in deciding her medical management and the ethical issue which occurred when a husband refuses the management for her even though it was clearly indicated.
    Matched MeSH terms: Disease Management
  9. Fulltext Dental Care For Pregnant Patients: A Reappraisal
    Chai , W.L., Ngeow, W.C.
    Ann Dent, 1998;5(1):-.
    MyJurnal
    This paper revisits the prescription of drugs for pregnant patients and the dental and oral changes during pregnancy. The management of these patients is also outlined. Emphasis should be placed on prevention of dental problem during pregnancy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Disease Management
  10. Chronic melioidosis
    Smith KV, Grimmond T, Monk I
    Med J Aust, 1975 Sep 20;2(12):479-80.
    PMID: 1196186
    This report is of a man who suffered from chronic melioidosis contracted in Malaysia. In the course of the disease he had a lobe of a lung resected, developed empyema and, while this was still draining, developed infection in an ankle. Both the empyema thoracis and the ankle infection were due to Pseudomonas pseudomallel. He now appears to be cured, probably by massive doses of tetracycline.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chronic Disease
  11. Fulltext Effectiveness of hospital-based pulmonary rehabilitation programme as compared to home-based pulmonary programme in improving the condition of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. [Perbandingan antara rehabilitasi pulmonari di rumah dengan di hospital bagi pesakit COPD dalam memperbaiki status fungsi paru-paru]
    Ayiesah Ramli, Roslina Abdul Manap, Joseph, Leonard
    Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2008;6(1):95-108.
    MyJurnal
    This study was aimed at identifying the effectiveness of hospital-based pulmonary rehabilitation programme as compared to home-based pulmonary programme in improving the condition of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Hospital. A total of 35 patients aging between 17 to 78 years old were randomised either to hospital (48.6%, n = 20) or home (43%, n = 15) -based pulmonary rehabilitation by the Physiotherapists. For the hospital-based rehabilitation programme, the patients were scheduled to come to the hospital twice a week for eight weeks. For home-based rehabilitation programme, subjects were scheduled to come to the Physiotherapy Department twice to learn on the exercises that need to be carried out before they are allowed to do on their own at home. Each subject was given a diary to record the exercises that have been done. A telephone call is made once a week for monitoring purpose. Assessment of lung function, six-minute-walk test and Borg score were carried out before and after the eight-week rehabilitation is conducted. The Results showed that there was no significant change in lung function for both groups before and after rehabilitation. There is a significant different (p < 0.05) in 6MWT before and after rehabilitation for hospital-based pulmonary rehabilitation patients. However, the difference is not significant (p > 0.05) for home-base pulmonary rehabilitation patients. The results also show that there exist no significant correlation between lung function and 6MWT even though there is an increase in walking distance at baseline or the eighth week. In conclusion, hospitalbased pulmonary rehabilitation is more effective than the home-based pulmonary rehabilitation in improving the exercise endurance which would helps in reduce dyspnoea among COPD patients.
    Keywords: Home-based pulmonary programme; Hospital-based pulmonary programme; COPD; Lung function
    Matched MeSH terms: Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
  12. Fulltext Managing Further Rehabilitation in Longer-Term Stroke Patients in the Community: A New Approach.
    Aziz, N.A., Ramymond, A.A.
    Medicine & Health, 2008;3(1):1-6.
    MyJurnal
    Stroke is becoming a major public health issue in our country due to the fact that there isan increasing life span of our population. Due to advancement of acute management of stroke, three out of four people will survive beyond the acute phase of stroke. Stroke careproviders are still debating regarding the exact period of the terminology ‘longer-term stroke’; however many agreed that long-term of stroke refers to the period of one year and thereafter as this period is the determinant for longer-term survival. Management beyond the first year of stroke is complex, encompasses all aspects of patient’s life; physical, psychological and integration into community. Rehabilitation being the cornerstone of longer-term stroke management should now focused on more evidence-based approach as to be effective and relevant to the stroke patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Disease Management
  13. Fulltext Leiomyosarcoma of the breast: a case report
    Norly Salleh, Aishah Ibrahim, Ros’aini Paijan
    International e-Journal of Science, Medicine & Education, 2015;9(3):52-54.
    MyJurnal
    Leiomyosarcoma is a rare cancer and the presence of this type of cancer in the breast is even rarer. Due to its rarity, the management options for leiomyosarcoma of the breast are not well documented. Literature review was done to establish the best treatment options for this type of breast cancer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Disease Management
  14. Evaluation of the Expression of Amyloid Precursor Protein and the Ratio of Secreted Amyloid Beta 42 to Amyloid Beta 40 in SH-SY5Y Cells Stably Transfected with Wild-Type, Single-Mutant and Double-Mutant Forms of the APP Gene for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease Pathology
    Pahrudin Arrozi A, Shukri SNS, Wan Ngah WZ, Mohd Yusof YA, Ahmad Damanhuri MH, Makpol S
    Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 2017 Nov;183(3):853-866.
    PMID: 28417423 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2468-6
    Neuroblastoma cell lines such as SH-SY5Y are the most frequently utilized models in neurodegenerative research, and their use has advanced the understanding of the pathology of neurodegeneration over the past few decades. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), several pathogenic mutations have been described, all of which cause elevated levels of pathological hallmarks such as amyloid-beta (Aβ). Although the genetics of Alzheimer's disease is well known, familial AD only accounts for a small number of cases in the population, with the rest being sporadic AD, which contains no known mutations. Currently, most of the in vitro models used to study AD pathogenesis only examine the level of Aβ42 as a confirmation of successful model generation and only perform comparisons between wild-type APP and single mutants of the APP gene. Recent findings have shown that the Aβ42/40 ratio in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a better diagnostic indicator for AD patients than is Aβ42 alone and that more extensive Aβ formation, such as accumulation of intraneuronal Aβ, Aβ plaques, soluble oligomeric Aβ (oAβ), and insoluble fibrillar Aβ (fAβ) occurs in TgCRND8 mice expressing a double-mutant form (Swedish and Indiana) of APP, later leading to greater progressive impairment of the brain. In this study, we generated SH-SY5Y cells stably transfected separately with wild-type APP, the Swedish mutation of APP, and the Swedish and Indiana mutations of APP and evaluated the APP expression as well as the Aβ42/40 ratio in those cells. The double-mutant form of APP (Swedish/Indiana) expressed markedly high levels of APP protein and showed a high Aβ2/40 ratio compared to wild-type and single-mutant cells.
    Matched MeSH terms: Alzheimer Disease/genetics; Alzheimer Disease/metabolism; Alzheimer Disease/pathology*
  15. Coffee, its roasted form, and their residues cause birth failure and shorten lifespan in dengue vectors
    Dieng H, Ellias SB, Satho T, Ahmad AH, Abang F, Ghani IA, et al.
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2017 Jun;24(17):14782-14794.
    PMID: 28470499 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8711-4
    In dengue mosquitoes, successful embryonic development and long lifespan are key determinants for the persistence of both virus and vector. Therefore, targeting the egg stage and vector lifespan would be expected to have greater impacts than larvicides or adulticides, both strategies that have lost effectiveness due to the development of resistance. Therefore, there is now a pressing need to find novel chemical means of vector control. Coffee contains many chemicals, and its waste, which has become a growing environmental concern, is as rich in toxicants as the green coffee beans; these chemicals do not have a history of resistance in insects, but some are lost in the roasting process. We examined whether exposure to coffee during embryonic development could alter larval eclosion and lifespan of dengue vectors. A series of bioassays with different coffee forms and their residues indicated that larval eclosion responses of Aedes albopictus and Ae. aegypti were appreciably lower when embryonic maturation occurred in environments containing coffee, especially roasted coffee crude extract (RCC). In addition, the lifespan of adults derived from eggs that hatched successfully in a coffee milieu was reduced, but this effect was less pronounced with roasted and green coffee extracts (RCU and GCU, respectively). Taken together, these findings suggested that coffee and its residues have embryocidal activities with impacts that are carried over onto the adult lifespan of dengue vectors. These effects may significantly reduce the vectorial capacity of these insects. Reutilizing coffee waste in vector control may also represent a realistic solution to the issues associated with its pollution.
    Matched MeSH terms: Disease Vectors
  16. Fulltext Nipah virus encephalitis outbreak in Malaysia
    Lam SK, Chua KB
    Clin Infect Dis, 2002 May 1;34 Suppl 2:S48-51.
    PMID: 11938496 DOI: 10.1086/338818
    Emerging infectious diseases involving zoonosis have become important global health problems. The 1998 outbreak of severe febrile encephalitis among pig farmers in Malaysia caused by a newly emergent paramyxovirus, Nipah virus, is a good example. This disease has the potential to spread to other countries through infected animals and can cause considerable economic loss. The clinical presentation includes segmental myoclonus, areflexia, hypertension, and tachycardia, and histologic evidence includes endothelial damage and vasculitis of the brain and other major organs. Magnetic resonance imaging has demonstrated the presence of discrete high-signal-intensity lesions disseminated throughout the brain. Nipah virus causes syncytial formation in Vero cells and is antigenically related to Hendra virus. The Island flying fox (Pteropus hypomelanus; the fruit bat) is a likely reservoir of this virus. The outbreak in Malaysia was controlled through the culling of >1 million pigs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Disease Outbreaks*; Disease Reservoirs*
  17. 3-Methylglutaconic aciduria, a frequent but underrecognized finding in carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I deficiency
    Rokicki D, Pajdowska M, Trubicka J, Thong MK, Ciara E, Piekutowska-Abramczuk D, et al.
    Clin Chim Acta, 2017 Aug;471:95-100.
    PMID: 28526534 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.05.023
    The urea cycle disorder carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I deficiency is an important differential diagnosis in the encephalopathic neonate. This intoxication type inborn error of metabolism often leads to neonatal death or severe and irreversible damage of the central nervous system, even despite appropriate treatment. Timely diagnosis is crucial, but can be difficult on routine metabolite level. Here, we report ten neonates from eight families (finally) diagnosed with CPS1 deficiency at three tertiary metabolic centres. In seven of them the laboratory findings were dominated by significantly elevated urinary 3-methylglutaconic acid levels which complicated the diagnostic process. Our findings are both important for the differential diagnosis of patients with urea cycle disorders and also broaden the differential diagnosis of hyperammonemia associated with 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, which was earlier only reported in TMEM70 and SERAC1 defect.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase I Deficiency Disease/diagnosis; Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase I Deficiency Disease/genetics; Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase I Deficiency Disease/urine*
  18. Fulltext Response to: prurigo nodularis and hodgkin’s lymphoma – a rare association
    Firdaus Hayati, Meryl Grace Lansing, Nornazirah Azizan
    Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2020;14(2):61-62.
    MyJurnal
    Dear editor, We read with great interest the article by Go ZL et al., which was published in your esteemed journal1. The authors had reported an unusual and yet important case of cutaneous manifestations of malignancy. Being the only and initial presentation of Hodgkin’s lymphoma, prurigo nodularis can manifest as a benign dermatological appearance in the underlying sinister condition. We want to again highlight the importance of this bizarre cutaneous presentation which can counterfeit the actual and occult villain.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hodgkin Disease
  19. Fulltext Web-Based Dietary and Physical Activity Intervention Programs for Patients With Hypertension: Scoping Review
    Baderol Allam FN, Ab Hamid MR, Buhari SS, Md Noor H
    J Med Internet Res, 2021 Mar 15;23(3):e22465.
    PMID: 33720036 DOI: 10.2196/22465
    BACKGROUND: Hypertension is the root cause of many chronic diseases. Lifestyle changes (ie, dietary alterations and physical activity) are seen to be an important step in the prevention and treatment of hypertension. Educating people through web-based interventional programs could offer an effective solution and help these patients with hypertension in the existing health care scenario.

    OBJECTIVE: In this study, the researchers conducted a scoping literature review of the web-based dietary changes and physical activity-related intervention programs designed for the patients with hypertension and identified the methodologies, effectiveness, protocols, and theories, which could affect and improve existing clinical activities.

    METHODS: This review followed the scoping review methodology to identify and process the peer-reviewed studies published between 2010 and 2020. The literature searches were conducted on the following electronic databases: PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online), ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar. By using relevant search terms, studies were included if they offered information related to the web-based intervention tools, specifically dietary and physical activity intervention for patients with hypertension. Studies written or translated in English language and published within the date range (January 2010 to March 2020) were included.

    RESULTS: Overall, 1441 articles were initially identified. The reviewers included 35 articles after removing duplicates and screening titles. Only 21 articles were assessed for full review, and 15 were kept for analysis. The researchers selected 15 web-based intervention articles published on the topic of hypertension from 7 countries. A few of these 15 web-based tools (4, 27%) included more than 3 functions and provided a lot of important information (such as appointments, health records, or viewable care). Several tools were standalone tools (11, 73%), while most of the tools supported communication intervention-related lifestyle or behavioral changes (13, 87%) and medication adherence (6, 40%). It was found that physicians (9, 60%), allied health professionals (5, 33%), and nurses (5, 33%) were the health care providers who generally used these tools for communicating with their patients. More than half of the above tools (10, 67%) were assessed by different researchers in randomized controlled trials, while 5 tools (33%) were investigated in nonrandomized studies.

    CONCLUSIONS: We identified many web-based intervention programs for patients with hypertension from the literature databases. The findings indicate that numerous benefits can be derived after using a web-based dietary and physical activity intervention program for hypertension focusing on lifestyle changes. However, developers need to consider the preferences of the patients with regard to the information or the design features while developing or modifying web-based educational websites. These tools could be used for designing a patient-tailored website intervention program that is based on diet and physical activities for patients with hypertension.

    Matched MeSH terms: Chronic Disease
  20. Analyzing the factors affecting the attitude of public toward lockdown, institutional trust, and civic engagement activities
    Xie Q, Sundararaj V, Mr R
    J Community Psychol, 2022 Mar;50(2):806-822.
    PMID: 34368961 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22681
    The early 2020 witnessed Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic followed by a nationwide lockdown in the whole history for the first time. The entire world had to go for nationwide lockdown to curb the spread of such contagious and deadly disease. In short, the coronavirus outbreak and the subsequent lockdown had created a storm in the world giving rise to change in public with respect to parameters like trust in the government institutions, civic engagement, and so on. In this raising dilemma, multiple countries have acknowledged the significance of trusting institutions, especially during lockdown. It is also widely accepted that lives of individuals had been undergoing change ever since the spread of COVID-19. Likewise, public's trust in the institutions is directly related to the civic engagement. Civic engagement is commonly understood as a phenomenon that develops a difference in an individual's civic life by combining values, skills, motivation, as well as knowledge. Different forms of civic engagement include national service, volunteering, societal services, and so forth. The main focus of this article is to examine the influence of COVID-19 outbreak on general attitude of the citizens of Malaysia and India, their trust on the governing institutions, and the civic engagement. In other words, this study tries to assess the impact of the pandemic on variables such as attitude toward the lockdown, trust in institutions, and civic engagement. For this, the study adopted cross-sectional community questionnaire survey in two countries-Malaysia and India. The respondents selected for the study was 1437. The respondent's demographics, attitude toward lockdown, trust in institutions, and civic engagement during the lockdown were collected by means of convenience sampling technique. Later the collected data were measured in terms of descriptive statistics and regression analysis. Findings of the study stated that public's trust in the institution can be increased by enhancing the civic activities and implementing policies that govern and build the society.
    Matched MeSH terms: Communicable Disease Control
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