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Fulltext Galactorrhoea in a toddler: a rare report

Norhayaty Sharman Khamis @ Roslee, Mohd Shaiful Ehsan Shalihin, Iskandar Ibrahim, Zalini Zin

Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2020;14(2):49-52.
MyJurnal

Milk discharge from neonatal breast commonly occurs bilaterally. Majority of them are benign in nature. Those cases usually require conservative management and will resolve with time. It typically occurs within one month of age in which late-onset of galactorrhoea in toddlers is indeed a rare occasion. Thus, an abnormal cause needs to be ruled out. An 18-months-old child had persistent milky discharge from the left nipple for several days without underlying specific identified causes. This case highlights the occurrence of physiological milk discharge can still possibly occur at the age beyond one-year-old despite its absence in the initial months of life. The principle observation at primary care is still adequate in managing such cases unless high suspicion of alarming disease arises. This case proved a late onset of physiological galactorrhoea can still occur in the early toddler age group.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
The pattern of intestinal obstruction in Malaysia

Ti TK, Yong NK

Br J Surg, 1976 Dec;63(12):963-5.
PMID: 1009347

This is a review of 261 patients operated for 271 instances of mechanical intestinal obstruction over a 5-year period in a developing country in the tropics. The pattern of intestinal obstruction in Chinese is similar to that in Caucasians, where adhesions account for the largest number of cases. The occurrence in Malays, Indians, Pakistanis and Ceylonese is similar to that in other developing communities where external hernia is commonest while adhesive or tumour obstruction is rare; however, these racial groups do not exhibit the high incidence of intussusception and volvulus found in Africa and India. The operative mortality was 13-9 per cent, which is comparable to that in Western series. The major adverse factors in intestinal obstruction, i.e. extremes of age, associated disease, gangrenous bowel, large bowel obstruction and malignancy, were confirmed. Fluid and electrolyte imbalance was frequent, as in other tropical series, but with intensive preoperative correction it was not an important adverse factor.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
Fulltext A Novel Restorative Pulmonary Valve Conduit: Early Outcomes of Two Clinical Trials

Morales DL, Herrington C, Bacha EA, Morell VO, Prodán Z, Mroczek T, et al.

Front Cardiovasc Med, 2020;7:583360.
PMID: 33748192 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.583360

Objectives: We report the first use of a biorestorative valved conduit (Xeltis pulmonary valve-XPV) in children. Based on early follow-up data the valve design was modified; we report on the comparative performance of the two designs at 12 months post-implantation. Methods: Twelve children (six male) median age 5 (2 to 12) years and weight 17 (10 to 43) kg, had implantation of the first XPV valve design (XPV-1, group 1; 16 mm (n = 5), and 18 mm (n = 7). All had had previous surgery. Based on XPV performance at 12 months, the leaflet design was modified and an additional six children (five male) with complex malformations, median age 5 (3 to 9) years, and weight 21 (14 to 29) kg underwent implantation of the new XPV (XPV-2, group 2; 18 mm in all). For both subgroups, the 12 month clinical and echocardiographic outcomes were compared. Results: All patients in both groups have completed 12 months of follow-up. All are in NYHA functional class I. Seventeen of the 18 conduits have shown no evidence of progressive stenosis, dilation or aneurysm formation. Residual gradients of >40 mm Hg were observed in three patients in group 1 due to kinking of the conduit (n = 1), and peripheral stenosis of the branch pulmonary arteries (n = 2). In group 2, one patient developed rapidly progressive stenosis of the proximal conduit anastomosis, requiring conduit replacement. Five patients in group 1 developed severe pulmonary valve regurgitation (PI) due to prolapse of valve leaflet. In contrast, only one patient in group 2 developed more than mild PI at 12 months, which was not related to leaflet prolapse. Conclusions: The XPV, a biorestorative valved conduit, demonstrated promising early clinical outcomes in humans with 17 of 18 patients being free of reintervention at 1 year. Early onset PI seen in the XPV-1 version seems to have been corrected in the XPV-2, which has led to the approval of an FDA clinical trial. Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT02700100 and NCT03022708.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
Fulltext Understanding of peace and peace building among young children, parents and teachers in several pre-schools in Malaysia

Ng, Soo Boon, Siew, Siew Kim, Regina Joseph Cyril

Malaysian Journal of Qualitative Research, 2019;5(2):47-58.
MyJurnal

Starting peace-building in early childhood is crucial as this is the best time to model a harmonious personality as well as exposure to value-based curriculum. Peace-building helps in preventing conflict and violence among peers, at home and in the community. In Malaysia, the elements of moral values such as tolerance, respect and unity are integrated across the National Preschool Curriculum in order to instill the awareness of maintaining peace and unity. This qualitative study aimed to explore the perspectives of the children, parents and teachers regarding peace and peace-building. Instruments in the form of questions were sent to various kindergarten teachers from public and private setting including those from urban and rural areas. Seven preschools responded. Interview of children, parents and teachers were conducted and transcribed through a focal point from each school and sent back to the researchers for analysis. Constant comparative method analysis was used where categories were created. Based on the analysis, children’s perception of peace is predominantly linked to love and orderliness and is within the environment they live in; whereas parents and teachers have more comprehensive and complicated views of peace which is related to harmony and tolerance in a bigger perspective. Children perceived peace-building pragmatically, to them peace-building just happened in everyday living. They perceived cleaning up, helping each other, sharing happiness, listening and cooperating as actions for peace-building. Parents and teachers understood their roles in creating peace for the young children; and unanimously agreed that they must be the role model for the children in creating peace. Parents and teachers believed that the immediate environment children live in must be harmonious, caring, and loving so that they can build up the character of their children who will love and practice peace in their own life. Methodology of peace building adopted by parents and children were mainly dialogue, negotiation and situational learning.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
Health-related quality of life and developmental outcome of children on home mechanical ventilation in a developing country: A cross-sectional study

Tan LT, Nathan AM, Jayanath S, Eg KP, Thavagnanam S, Lum LCS, et al.

Pediatr Pulmonol, 2020 12;55(12):3477-3486.
PMID: 33002341 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25083

BACKGROUND: Provision of home mechanical ventilation (HMV) to children with chronic respiratory insufficiency enhances growth and quality of life. The hypothesis was that health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and the development of these children were poorer than in healthy children.
OBJECTIVES: To determine the HRQoL and developmental outcome of children on HMV.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study used the TNO-AZL Preschool children's Quality Of Life (TAPQOL; <5 years old) and Health Utilities Index (HUI) 2/3 (≥5 years old) to assess the quality of life and the Schedule of Growing Skills-II to assess development. Instruments were used on children currently or previously on HMV (≥3 months) and compared with age and sex-matched controls.
RESULTS: Sixty-five patients and 130 controls were recruited. Patients' median (interquartile range) age was 3.12 (1.65, 5.81) years. Patients had significantly lower TAPQOL scores in the domains of lung, liveliness, positive mood, social functioning, motor functioning, and communication, and lower HUI 2/3 scores in hearing, sensation, pain, speech, mobility, ambulatory, dexterity, and self-care domains. The developmental outcome of patients was poorer in all domains. However, patients had fewer behavioral problems. Those with respiratory tract disease and without comorbidities had better HRQoL and developmental scores. Having a parent as the primary caregiver was associated with better speech and language skills.
CONCLUSIONS: HRQoL and the developmental outcome are lower in children on HMV compared to controls. Children with respiratory tract disease and without comorbidities have a better outcome. Parents play a crucial role in the acquisition of speech.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
Fulltext Systematic Review of Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases in Malaysia: 1979-2020

Abd Hamid IJ, Azman NA, Gennery AR, Mangantig E, Hashim IF, Zainudeen ZT

Front Immunol, 2020;11:1923.
PMID: 32983118 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01923

Introduction: Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) are under-reported in Malaysia. The actual disease frequency of PID in this country is unknown due to the absence of a national patient registry for PID. Objective: This systematic review aimed to determine the prevalence rates of PID cases diagnosed and published in Malaysia from 1st of January 1979 until 1st of March 2020. It also aimed to describe the various types of PIDs reported in Malaysia. Method: Following the development of a comprehensive search strategy, all published literature of PID cases from Malaysia was identified and collated. All cases that fulfilled the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS) classification diagnosis were included in the systematic review. Data were retrieved and collated into a proforma. Results: A total of 4,838 articles were identified and screened, with 34 publications and 119 patients fulfilling the criteria and being included in the systematic review. The prevalence rate was 0.37 per 100,000 population. In accordance with the IUIS, the distribution of diagnostic classifications was immunodeficiencies affecting cellular and humoral immunities (36 patients, 30.3%), combined immunodeficiencies with associated or syndromic features (21 patients, 17.6%), predominant antibody deficiencies (24 patients, 20.2%), diseases of immune dysregulation (13 patients, 10.9%), congenital defects in phagocyte number or function (20 patients, 16.8%), defects in intrinsic and innate immunity (4 patients, 3.4%), and autoinflammatory disorders (1 patient, 0.8%). Parental consanguinity was 2.5%. Thirteen different gene mutations were available in 21.8% of the cases. Conclusion: PIDs are underdiagnosed and under-reported in Malaysia. Developing PID healthcare and a national patient registry is much needed to enhance the outcome of PID patient care.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
Fulltext The use of modified checklist for autism in toddlers (Malay version) in differentiating between autism spectrum disorders and other developmental behavioural disorders

Lau, Doris Sie Chong, Juriza Ismail, Zarina Latiff

Malaysian Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2019;25(1):6-12.
MyJurnal

Objective: The present study examined the sensitivity and specificity of M-CHAT-Malay version [M-CHAT(MV)] to discriminate ASD from other developmental-behavioural disorders. Methods: This study was carried out in the Child Development Centre at a tertiary referral centre. Parents of 130 children aged 18–60 months, referred for developmental-behavioural disorders were asked to complete M-CHAT(MV). A child was considered to have ASD ifthey failed any 3 of the 23 total items or 2 or more of the 6 critical items. Results: Looking at the total items, M-CHAT(MV) has a good sensitivity (88.9%) to differentiate between ASD and other developmental-behavioural disorders, although specificity was only 47.8%. However, the critical items only has sensitivity of 71.4% and specificity of 77.6%. Sensitivity for children aged 49–60 months old was lower (80.0%) compared to those in the younger age group (100.0% and 90.3% for those aged 25-36 months and 37–48 months respectively). Based on the ROC curve, the optimal criteria to detect ASD was failing 1 out of 6 critical items or 3 out of 23 total items. Conclusion: M-CHAT(MV) is a good screening tool in differentiating ASD from other developmental-behavioural disorders although the critical items’ criteria may need to be lowered to improve its sensitivity in selected cohorts.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
Neonatal buccal cell collection: a non-invasive strategy to provide a reliable source of DNA for high resolution melting analysis

Cheung, Tian Pei, Rostenberghe, Hans Van, Narazah Mohd Yusoff, Noraida Ramli, Nor Rosidah Ibrahim, Nishio, Hisahide, et al.

Malaysian Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2019;25(2):14-22.
MyJurnal

Background: The low yield and quality of buccal-derived genomic DNA have reduced its applicability in various genetic research. The aim of this study was to assess the quantity, purity and genotyping efficiency of genomic DNA isolated from neonatal buccal swabs. Methods: Paired buccal swabs and whole blood samples were collected from 60 neonates with the mean age 5 days (SD=1.57). The genomic DNA quantity and purity were measured by using Infinite® 200 PRO NanoQuant reader and agarose gel electrophoresis. High-resolution melting (HRM) analysis was used to analyse the sequence variants present in uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1 c.211G>A) and nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3 (NR1I3 IVS8+116T>G) genes. Results: Buccal swabs provided lower mean genomic DNA concentration (18.78 ± 8.39 ng/μl versus 40.02 ± 13.03 ng/μl), yield (2.63 ± 1.17 μgversus8.00 ± 2.61 μg). The purity of buccal samples however were inconsistent with 16 samples (26.7%) having A260/280 ratios below 1.8 which indicated protein contamination. Genomic DNA purity for all blood samples were within the ideal range with average absorbance ratios of 1.8−2.0. However, all buccal genomic DNA demonstrated 100% genotype call rates for all variants. A complete genotype concordance was also observed between paired genomic DNA samples. Conclusion: Despite related to a reduced quantity and purity, neonatal buccal genomic DNA could generate reliable HRM genotyping results. Therefore, buccal swab collection is a promising alternative to the invasive blood sampling to provide genomic DNA for genetic analysis involving paediatric population.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
Fulltext Refractive error status of orang asli and Malay-Jawa children in Kuala Langat, Selangor

Fairuz Mohd Nordin, Khairun Najah binti Hasrin, Mohd Zaki Awg Isa, Amalina Othman, Zurin Firdawani Yacob

Journal of Optometry, Eye and Health Research, 2020;2(1):28-33.
MyJurnal

This study aims to determine the refractive error status of Orang Asli children and Malay-Jawa children in Kuala Langat, Selangor. Visual acuity was measured using LEA chart, followed by dry static retinoscopy which the testing eye fogged with 2.00D, and the contralateral eye fogged with 6.00D to determine the refractive errors. The inclusion criteria encompassed all children in the selected village. The exclusion criteria included children who were already on ophthalmology follow-up for known ocular conditions and refused visual acuity assessment or eye examination. In total, 103 ‘Orang Asli’ and 107 normal population children aged 3 to 13 years received refractive assessments. Approximately 18% of reported cases were myopia, 43% were hyperopia, while 39% were emmetropia. Results showed that the ‘Orang Asli’ population was more hyperopic than the Malay-Jawa (U = 4893.500, P > 0.05, r = 0.14). However, both groups were found more hyperopic compared to myopic conditions. In conclusion, both Orang Asli and Malay-Jawa in Kuala Langat, Selangor are more hyperopic and less myopic. This study suggests that refractive error screening is important for preventing visual impairment among children in rural areas.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
Fulltext Knowledge and attitude about child abuse and its reporting among childcare providers in Kemas preschools in Kota Bharu and Tumpat

Siti Mariam Ja’afa, Azriani Ab Rahman, Wan Nor Ariffin Wan Mansor

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(104):108-108.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Child abuse is an epidemic and in Malaysia, the numbers are rising. Statistic showed that 60% of the victims were below seven years old. Since most of them goes to preschool at this age, the role of childcare providers (CPs) in addressing this issue is crucial. However, previous data showed that referrals made by them to the author-ities was less than 1%. The objective of this study was to determine the knowledge and attitude of CPs in KEMAS preschools towards child abuse. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study involving CPs working in the KEMAS pre-schools in Kota Bharu and Tumpat, Kelantan, Malaysia, from April to June 2019. Results: From 218 respondents, 78% and 83% of them had good awareness on signs of neglect and physical abuse respectively compared to sexual abuse (64.6%). In terms of knowledge, 80% answered correctly about signs of abuse. However, only 18.8% an-swered correctly about sexual abuse. Moreover, 86.7% of CPs believed that they should be responsible to lodge a report, while only 6% of them objected. Although 76.1% were correct about the information to be prepared for reporting, only 4.6% of them realised that suspicions about a case would suffice to lodge a report. There were 94.5%, and 65.1% of CPs who correctly answered about the protection of the reporter under the law and its penalty respectively. But, only 26.6% of the CPs were correct about the category of mandated reporters according to the law. Conclusion: Although majority of CPs had good knowledge and awareness, there was still 26.6% who did not realise that they were mandated to report suspected cases. Therefore, educational programs need to be planned to increase awareness and knowledge on abuse and its legal aspects among CPs.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
Paediatric cataract surgery in Hospital Kuala Lumpur - A 5-year review of visual outcomes

Chew FLM, Qurut SE, Hassan I, Lim ST, Ramasamy S, Rahmat J

Med J Malaysia, 2019 02;74(1):15-19.
PMID: 30846656

INTRODUCTION: Paediatric cataract surgery is challenging with reported post-operative visual acuity (VA) of 0.3LogMar or better varying between 33% to 68% of patients.
OBJECTIVE: The aim is to document the post-operative refraction, VA and complications of non-traumatic pediatric cataract surgery performed in a tertiary referral center in Malaysia.
METHODOLOGY: This retrospective study reviewed case notes of all consecutive patients aged 12 years and below who underwent cataract surgery from January 2010 to December 2015. Patients were recruited if they had a minimum of six months post-operative follow-up. Exclusion criteria included traumatic cataract, central nervous system abnormalities, incomplete medical records or pre-existing ocular pathology. Subjects were divided into two groups based on refraction at one month. Subjects with refraction within 1- dioptre of the targeted spherical equivalent were in the success group and the rest were in the failure group.
RESULTS: A total of 111 subjects were recruited (65 subjects in success group and 46 subjects in the failure group). Mean age at surgery was 33.14 (SD: 33.47) months. The success group had significantly longer axial length (p:0.0045, CI: 0.566-0.994, OR: 0.750). At final review, 44.1%(49/111) subjects had visual acuity of 0.3LogMar or better. The success group had better final mean VA in comparison to the failure group (p:0.034, CI:1.079-7.224, OR: 2.791).
CONCLUSION: The outcome of non-traumatic paediatric cataract surgery was acceptable with 58.6% achieved targeted refractive correction at 1-month post-operative period. Longer axial length was associated with better refractive outcome. Capsule related complications was the most common intra-operative complication.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
Prevalence of Childhood Hearing Loss and Secular Trends: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Wang J, Sung V, Carew P, Burt RA, Liu M, Wang Y, et al.

Acad Pediatr, 2019 07;19(5):504-514.
PMID: 30872125 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2019.01.010

BACKGROUND: Better epidemiologic information on childhood hearing loss would inform research priorities and efforts to prevent its progression.
OBJECTIVES: To estimate prevalence and secular trends in children's hearing loss.
DATA SOURCES: We searched MEDLINE and Embase from January 1996 to August 2017.
STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: We included epidemiologic studies in English reporting hearing loss prevalence.
STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS: The modified Leboeuf-Yde and Lauritsen tool was used to assess methodological quality. Meta-analyses combined study-specific estimates using random-effects models.
PARTICIPANTS: Children 0 to 18 years of age.
RESULTS: Among 88 eligible studies, 43.2% included audiometric measurement of speech frequencies. In meta-analyses, pooled prevalence estimates of slight or worse bilateral speech frequency losses >15 decibels hearing level (dB HL) were 13.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 10.0-17.0). Using progressively more stringent cutpoints, pooled prevalence estimates were 8.1% (95% CI, 1.3-19.8) with >20 dB HL, 2.2% (95% CI, 1.4-3.0) with >25 dB HL, 1.8% (95% CI, 0.4-4.1) with >30 dB HL, and 0.9% (95% CI, 0.1-2.6) with >40 dB HL. Also, 8.9% (95% CI, 6.4-12.3) had likely sensorineural losses >15 dB HL in 1 or both ears, and 1.2% (95% CI, 0.5-2.1) had self-reported hearing loss. From 1990 to 2010, the prevalence of losses >15 dB HL in 1 or both ears rose substantially (all P for trend

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
Relationship between early marriage and teenager pregnancy to stunting in toddler at Bangun Rejo Village, Tanjung Morawa District, Tanjung Morawa, Deli Serdang 2019

Pangaribuan IK, Sari I, Simbolon M, Manurung B, Ramuni K

Enferm Clin, 2020 06;30 Suppl 5:88-91.
PMID: 32713593 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.11.028

The brain undergoes very rapid growth and development among toddler below 5 year of age. The fault in their upbringing during this period of time will cause them to undergo growth and development disorder, and parents who get married too young early have lack of knowledge of raising their young children. As a result, the latter become vulnerable during their growth and development. The objective of the research was to analyze the correlation between early marriage and teenager pregnancy to stunting in growth among toddlers. The research used descriptive analytic method with cross-sectional design. It was conducted at Bangun Rejo Village, Tanjung Morawa District, Deli Serdang regency from June to September 2019. The population consisted of 645 toddler aged between 0 and 59 months. The sample was chosen by using systematic random sampling technique. The data were gathered by using questionnaires in order to get the information about early marriage and by conducting observation in order to find out toddler stunting. The result of univariate analysis showed that 87 (82.1%) infants had normal growth. The result of bivariate analysis, using chi-square test, showed that there was correlation between early marriage and toddler stunting, teenager pregnancy (p=0.000) and marriage age (p=0.001). The conclusion of the research was that there was correlation between early marriage and teenager pregnancy to stunting in toddler. The study showed that toddlers in case of parent with early marriage was more vulnerable to growth and development disorder. It is recommended that health service of care for adolescents and integrated monitoring of toddler be established in order to decrease the risk of incidence of early marriage and toddler stunting.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
The analyze toddler growth and development according to family's economic status in Village Limau Manis, Districts Tanjung Morawa

Pangaribuan IK, Simanullang E, Poddar S

Enferm Clin, 2020 06;30 Suppl 5:92-95.
PMID: 32713594 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.11.029

The toddler stage is a golden period and at the same time a critical period for a child, since he / she will experience rapid brain growth and development so that he/ she need sufficient nutrition intake. Toddler's abnormal growth and development are usually found in low economic community because they cannot afford to provide their need for basic food for their toddler's growth and development. The objective of the research was to analyze toddler's growth and development according to family's economic status. The research used descriptive analytic method with cross-sectional design. It was conducted at Limau Manis Village, Tanjung Morawa Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency, from January to June 2016. The population was 1899 toddlers, and 113 of them were used as the samples, taken by using simple random sampling technique. The data were gathered by using questionnaires to find out toddler's growth and development according to family's economic status. The result of univariate analysis showed that 57 toddlers (50.4%) had abnormal growth and development. The result of bivariate analysis with chi-square test showed that there was the correlation of toddler's growth and development with economic status (p value=0.004), women's care pattern (p value=0.028), and environmental sanitation (p value=0.01). Therefore, empowerment of family's economy through the development of family's nutrition portfolio is necessary.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
Fulltext Early childhood development and play: a review

Selim Ahmed

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(106):11-11.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Early childhood development (ECD) refers to cognitive, emotional and social development of young children. First three years of life are very crucial for ECD because during this time, brain grows fastest and is most responsive and receptive. Plenty of new connections (synapses) are formed in brain so that children acquire 85% of adult’s brain volume by this age. Proper nutrition and positive stimulation are essential during this time. Play positively stimulates the brain and helps to create more, healthy inter-neuronal connections. The objective of this review was to make a constellation of research works and explore to learn the concept of ECD and its relationship with play. Methods: An extensive literature search was done using the key words: ‘early childhood development and play’; ‘play and brain development in children’; ‘neuroplasticity and play’; ‘how do children learn’; ‘synaptic connections and early childhood development’; and ‘can play make children intelligent’. The databases explored for the resources included Medline (PubMed), PsycINFO, Teacher Reference Center, Child Encyclopedia, Health & Education Advice & Resource Team (HEART) database, Catholic Relief Services database, UNICEF & World Bank databases, and Cochrane review. Results: The result of the review work showed that play has a temporal and linear relationship with cognitive and social development among preschool children. Conclusion: In this era of screen addiction, parents spend free time in social media and the kids playing or watching video games. It is contextual to propagate the concept of ECD and raise the awareness so that parents are motivated to spend more time playing with their children. No investment in human capital can be worth more than this.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
Fulltext Analysis on Entrepreneurship Psychology of Preschool Education Students With Entrepreneurial Intention

Yin Y, Yang L, Liu B

Front Psychol, 2020;11:1559.
PMID: 32733339 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01559

To diversify the creative thinking of preschool education students and improve their ability to innovate and start a business, a survey of preschool education students under entrepreneurial psychology theory was conducted in this research. Based on the theoretical foundation of entrepreneurial psychology, this article analyzed the entrepreneurial psychological quality and psychological education of college students. By investigating preschool education students in a certain college in Sichuan as the research object, the author explored the current entrepreneurial intentions of college students and their entrepreneurial psychological problems. In response to the current entrepreneurial situation of college graduates, relevant countermeasures were proposed from the perspective of the school to support their entrepreneurial psychology. Among the 205 preschool education college students, the students were more willing to give full play to their professional expertise in terms of employment intentions. At the same time, there were still situations in which students were dissatisfied with the prospects of preschool education career development and wanted to achieve the value of life through other approaches. Most students in preschool education had a wait-and-see attitude toward entrepreneurship. Only 35% of students had a clear intention to start a business and made their plans for entrepreneurship. More than 90% of students held that they had developed inadequate entrepreneurial ability, and 80% of students believed that they lacked the required professional knowledge. These two factors constitute the main reasons for students' negative attitudes toward entrepreneurship. Nevertheless, colleges may stimulate the potential of students' self-development through the improvement of entrepreneurial psychological education courses, the construction of psychological consultation institutions on campus, and the establishment of interactive platforms for entrepreneurship. In this way, students' entrepreneurial psychology can be cultivated in an all-round way. Therefore, to deal with the weak overall entrepreneurial consciousness of college students, the colleges should cultivate entrepreneurial innovative talents by strengthening the psychological education of entrepreneurship for students, and help college students achieve entrepreneurial success.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
Differences in growth of the dental arch in some 'races' of man

Lavelle CL, Flinn RM, Foster TD, Hamilton MC

J Anat, 1970 Jul;107(Pt 1):182-3.
PMID: 5473274
Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
Haemophilus influenzae meningitis in Malaysia

Hussain IH, Sofiah A, Ong LC, Choo KE, Musa MN, Teh KH, et al.

Pediatr Infect Dis J, 1998 Sep;17(9 Suppl):S189-90.
PMID: 9781759

To determine the pattern of postneonatal childhood meningitis in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
Fulltext Diversified Talent Cultivation Mechanism of Early Childhood Physical Education Under the Full-Practice Concept - Oriented by Preschooler Mental Health and Intelligent Teaching

Wang N, Rahman MNBA, Daud MAKBM

Front Psychol, 2020;11:593063.
PMID: 33584429 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.593063

In order to improve early childhood physical education, in this study, the talent cultivation mechanism for undergraduates was explored under the "full-practice" concept, oriented by preschooler mental health. First, from the perspective of preschooler psychology, the mechanisms of ability training and talent cultivation for undergraduates majoring in early childhood education were explored under the "full-practice" concept. Considering that the physical, psychological, and intellectual development of preschoolers shall follow the rules of physical education, and current early childhood education mainly focuses on intelligence education in China, early childhood physical education was analyzed further in this study. By investigating the undergraduate majors of early childhood education in Henan University, this study first summarized the current problems in early childhood education systems in universities. Secondly, combined with the form of physical education in kindergartens, strategies for talent cultivation and curriculum setting of early childhood physical education majors in colleges and universities were proposed. Finally, from the perspective of innovation and diversification of training forms, the cultivation of early childhood educators' physical education ability was analyzed at multiple levels and multiple objectives, and the integrated training system of early childhood education talents was constructed. The results show that, among all the courses for early childhood education major, compulsory courses account for 81.2% and optional courses account for 18.8%. In addition, a survey on undergraduates' attitudes toward the curriculum of their major demonstrates that 81.2% of the undergraduates thought that the range and content of practical courses should be increased, indicating that undergraduates majoring in early childhood education are dissatisfied with the current curriculum system, and they have an increased demand for practical courses. Correspondingly, it is vital to build and improve on the early childhood physical education. In terms of its talent cultivation, the "full-practice" concept helps combine theory with practice to improve the effectiveness of education and teaching, pushing forward the reform of the education system. Meanwhile, data- and intelligence-oriented teaching will become the new direction of modern sports development, as well as an important link for tracking and monitoring children's sports teaching in China. Through the continuous introduction of wearable artificial intelligence (AI) products, real-time monitoring of children's physical conditions can be realized, which helps improve the effectiveness of early childhood physical education.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
Fulltext Prevention of Childhood Obesity: A Position Paper of the Global Federation of International Societies of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (FISPGHAN)

Koletzko B, Fishbein M, Lee WS, Moreno L, Mouane N, Mouzaki M, et al.

J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 2020 05;70(5):702-710.
PMID: 32205768 DOI: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000002708

Global childhood obesity increased more than 8-fold over 40 years, inducing a very large personal, societal, and economic burden. Effects of available treatments are less than satisfactory; therefore, effective prevention is of high priority. In this narrative review, we explore preventive opportunities. The available evidence indicates large benefits of improving nutrition and lifestyle during early life, such as promoting breast-feeding and improving the quality of infant and early childhood feeding. Promoting healthy eating patterns and limiting sugar-containing beverage consumption from early childhood onwards are of great benefit. Regular physical activity and limited sedentary lifestyle and screen time alone have limited effects but are valuable elements in effective multicomponent strategies. The home environment is important, particularly for young children, and can be improved by educating and empowering families. School- and community-based interventions can be effective, such as installing water fountains, improving cafeteria menus, and facilitating regular physical activity. Reducing obesogenic risk factors through societal standards is essential for effective prevention and limiting socioeconomic disparity; these may comprise food, drink, and physical activity standards for day cares and schools, general food quality standards, front-of-pack food labeling, taxation of unhealthy foods, restriction of food advertisements to children, and others. Effective prevention of childhood obesity is not achieved by single interventions but by integrated multicomponent approaches involving multiple stakeholders that address children, families, and societal standards. Pediatricians and their organizations should be proactive in supporting and empowering families to support their children's health, and in promoting societal measures that protect children.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

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