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Fulltext A preliminary study of Blastocystis hominis in some development areas in Alor Gajah District Melaka

Shafariatul Akmar Ishak, Hidayatulfathi Othman, Mazrura Sahani

Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2008;6(1):109-115.
MyJurnal

A descriptive study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of Blastocystis hominis in children aged between 1-12 years old from randomly selected villages in Alor Gajah district Melaka. The sampling was carried out from 1st to 7th of July of 2006. A total of 48 faecal samples were obtained from the children in those studied villages. The faecal specimens were examined by direct saline wet moun, formalin ethyl acetate concentration and trichrome staining method. It was found that 45.8% (22 out of 48) of the examined children were infected with Blastocystis hominis . Based on the results, the cumulative prevalence of three methods used showed that Blastocystis hominis infection in female children higher compared to male children. Whilst the schooling children aged of 6 to 12 years had a higher prevalence than pre school children at the age of 1-5 years. In term of diagnosis, formalin ethyl acetate concentration method showed prevalence of detection at 60.9%. It was followed by direct saline wet mount (43.5%) and trichrome staining at 34.8%.

Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Chloride
Field-enhanced sample injection-micelle to solvent stacking in nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis

Thang LY, See HH, Quirino JP

Talanta, 2016 Dec 01;161:165-169.
PMID: 27769394 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.08.054

The low conductivity of separation electrolytes employed in nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE) limits the use of on-line sample concentration or stacking by field enhancement. Herein, micelle-to-solvent stacking (MSS) was performed by the simple injection of a micellar solution plug prior to electrokinetic injection of sample prepared under field-enhanced stacking conditions (known as field-enhanced sample injection, FESI). The proposed approach allowed a 214-625-fold improvement in peak signals for targeted anticancer drugs (e.g., tamoxifen) and its major metabolites in NACE using 100% methanol-based separation electrolyte that comprised of 7.5mM deoxycholic acid sodium salt, 15mM acetic acid and 1mM 18-crown-6. These improvements yielded tamoxifen and its metabolites with 2-5 times better stacking efficiency as compared to those obtained without micellar solution injection or FESI only. This is comparable to the results typically achieved when FESI is combined with isotachophoresis (electrokinetic supercharging). The FESI-MSS-NACE was tested for the measuring levels of target drugs in plasma. The analytical figures of merit are also reported.

Matched MeSH terms: Sodium
Fulltext Cadmium-109 Radioisotope Adsorption onto Polypyrrole Coated Sawdust of Dryobalanops aromatic: Kinetics and Adsorption Isotherms Modelling

Olatunji MA, Khandaker MU, Amin YM, Mahmud HN

PLoS One, 2016;11(10):e0164119.
PMID: 27706232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164119

A radiotracer study was conducted to investigate the removal characteristics of cadmium (109Cd) from aqueous solution by polypyrrole/ sawdust composite. Several factors such as solution pH, sorbent dosage, initial concentration, contact time, temperature and interfering metal ions were found to have influence on the adsorption process. The kinetics of adsorption was relatively fast, reaching equilibrium within 3 hours. A lowering of the solution pH reduced the removal efficiency from 99.3 to ~ 46.7% and an ambient temperature of 25°C was found to be optimum for maximum adsorption. The presence of sodium and potassium ions inhibited 109Cd removal from its aqueous solution. The experimental data for 109Cd adsorption showed a very good agreement with the Langmuir isotherm and a pseudo-first order kinetic model. The surface condition of the adsorbent before and after cadmium loading was investigated using BET, FESEM and FTIR. Considering the low cost of the precursor's materials and the toxicity of 109Cd radioactive metal, polypyrrole synthesized on the sawdust of Dryobalanops aromatic could be used as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of 109Cd radioisotope from radionuclide-containing effluents.

Matched MeSH terms: Sodium
Mesoporous activated carbon prepared from NaOH activation of rattan (Lacosperma secundiflorum) hydrochar for methylene blue removal

Islam MA, Ahmed MJ, Khanday WA, Asif M, Hameed BH

Ecotoxicol Environ Saf, 2017 Apr;138:279-285.
PMID: 28081490 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.01.010

Hydrothermal carbonization of biomass wastes presents a promising step in the production of cost-effective activated carbon. In the present work, mesoporous activated carbon (HAC) was prepared by the hydrothermal carbonization of rattan furniture wastes followed by NaOH activation. The textural and morphological characteristics, along with adsorption performance of prepared HAC toward methylene blue (MB) dye, were evaluated. The effects of common adsorption variables on performance resulted in a removal efficiency of 96% for the MB sample at initial concentration of 25mg/L, solution pH of 7, 30°C, and 8h. The Langmuir equation showed the best isotherm data correlation, with a maximum uptake of 359mg/g. The adsorbed amount versus time data was well fitted by a pseudo-second order kinetic model. The prepared HAC with a high surface area of 1135m(2)/g and an average pore size distribution of 35.5Å could be an efficient adsorbent for treatment of synthetic dyes in wastewaters.

Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Hydroxide
Ability of Pycnoporus sanguineus to remove copper ions from aqueous solution

Mashitah, Zulfadhly Z, Bhatia S

Artif Cells Blood Substit Immobil Biotechnol, 1999 Sep-Nov;27(5-6):429-33.
PMID: 10595444

The equilibrium sorption capacity of a macro-fungi, Pycnoporus sanguineus biomass was studied using a single-metal system comprising copper ions. The rate and extent for the removal of copper were subjected to environmental parameters such as pH, biomass loading, temperature, and contact time. Results showed that the uptake of copper increased as the pH increased. However, as the biomass loading increased, the amount of metal uptake decreased. Instead, temperature does not have a significant effect on the metal uptake, especially between 30 to 40 degrees C. A maximum adsorption of copper ions was also observed within 15 minutes of reaction time for the entire sample tested. Furthermore, pre-treatment with sodium bicarbonate and boiling water significantly improved the sorption capacity of copper by Pycnoporus sanguineus.

Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Bicarbonate
Cloning, Production and Characterization of a Glycoside Hydrolase Family 7 Enzyme from the Gut Microbiota of the Termite Coptotermes curvignathus

Woon JS, King PJH, Mackeen MM, Mahadi NM, Wan Seman WMK, Broughton WJ, et al.

Mol Biotechnol, 2017 Jul;59(7):271-283.
PMID: 28573450 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-017-0015-x

Coptotermes curvignathus is a termite that, owing to its ability to digest living trees, serves as a gold mine for robust industrial enzymes. This unique characteristic reflects the presence of very efficient hydrolytic enzyme systems including cellulases. Transcriptomic analyses of the gut of C. curvignathus revealed that carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZy) were encoded by 3254 transcripts and that included 69 transcripts encoding glycoside hydrolase family 7 (GHF7) enzymes. Since GHF7 enzymes are useful to the biomass conversion industry, a gene encoding for a GHF7 enzyme (Gh1254) was synthesized, sub-cloned and expressed in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. Expressed GH1254 had an apparent molecular mass of 42 kDa, but purification was hampered by its low expression levels in shaken flasks. To obtain more of the enzyme, GH1254 was produced in a bioreactor that resulted in a fourfold increase in crude enzyme levels. The purified enzyme was active towards soluble synthetic substrates such as 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-cellobioside, 4-nitrophenyl-β-D-cellobioside and 4-nitrophenyl-β-D-lactoside but was non-hydrolytic towards Avicel or carboxymethyl cellulose. GH1254 catalyzed optimally at 35 °C and maintained 70% of its activity at 25 °C. This enzyme is thus potentially useful in food industries employing low-temperature conditions.

Matched MeSH terms: Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium
Fulltext Role of Sintering Temperature in Production of Nepheline Ceramics-Based Geopolymer with Addition of Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene

Ahmad R, Abdullah MMAB, Ibrahim WMW, Hussin K, Ahmad Zaidi FH, Chaiprapa J, et al.

Materials (Basel), 2021 Feb 25;14(5).
PMID: 33669116 DOI: 10.3390/ma14051077

The primary motivation of developing ceramic materials using geopolymer method is to minimize the reliance on high sintering temperatures. The ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) was added as binder and reinforces the nepheline ceramics based geopolymer. The samples were sintered at 900 °C, 1000 °C, 1100 °C, and 1200 °C to elucidate the influence of sintering on the physical and microstructural properties. The results indicated that a maximum flexural strength of 92 MPa is attainable once the samples are used to be sintered at 1200 °C. It was also determined that the density, porosity, volumetric shrinkage, and water absorption of the samples also affected by the sintering due to the change of microstructure and crystallinity. The IR spectra reveal that the band at around 1400 cm-1 becomes weak, indicating that sodium carbonate decomposed and began to react with the silica and alumina released from gels to form nepheline phases. The sintering process influence in the development of the final microstructure thus improving the properties of the ceramic materials.

Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Compounds
Fulltext Safety and quality preservation of starfruit (Averrhoa carambola) at ambient shelf life using synergistic pectin-maltodextrin-sodium chloride edible coating

Mohd Suhaimi NI, Mat Ropi AA, Shaharuddin S

Heliyon, 2021 Feb;7(2):e06279.
PMID: 33681497 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06279

The demand for fresh, safe, and healthy fruits by consumers has increased, which concurrently occurs with an increase in initiatives on reducing food wastage. Starfruit consists of good nutrition and valuable sensory attributes, but its shelf life is short and can only be preseved for a few days at ambient storage. This research was conducted to determine the effectiveness of synergistic edible coatings (pectin [Pe] and maltodextrin [M] and 100, 200, and 300 ppm of sodium chloride [SC]) on the quality and safety criterion of starfruits throughout a shelf life analysis of 14 days at ambient temperature. Consumer acceptability of the edible-coated starfruit was also evaluated. The coating process was performed using a dipping method. The uncoated (control) and coated samples were evaluated for the characteristics of weight, pH, total soluble solids (TSS), water activity, color, texture, microbial growth, FTIR, and sensory evaluation. From the results, the starfruit coated with Pe + M + 100 ppm SC had a significantly lower weight-loss trend compared to the other samples. On day 14, pH of the coated starfruits were 3.02, 3.14, and 3.31 for 100, 200, and 300 ppm of SC, respectively, were found to be significantly different (p < 0.05) from the control (pH 3.49). The control had a significantly higher value of total soluble solids (6.00 ⁰Brix) compared to the coated starfruits (6.00, 5.47, and 5.33 ⁰Brix, respectively). The coated samples have significantly higher values of firmness than control especially in initial days of storage. It was observed that Pe + M + 100 ppm SC could minimize the spoilage of fruits by reducing the growth of yeast and mold, as well as bacteria, up to 0.86 and 2.02 log CFU/ml, respectively. FTIR results confirmed the presence of the coating on the starfruit. In the sensory evaluation, no significance different (p > 0.05) were obtained for all the sensory attributes and overall acceptability for day 0 and 3. In conclusion, starfruit coated with synergistic Pe + M + 100 ppm SC appeared to be the best sample in extending its shelf life and maintaining the physicochemical characteristics of starfruits up to more than 14 days.

Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Chloride
Fulltext Effect of sugar beet pectin on oil uptake in fried banana and its acceptability

Siti Suhara Ramli, Aini `Izzati Mohd Rosdi

ESTEEM Academic Journal, 2019;15(1):64-75.
MyJurnal

Fried banana is one of the popular local snacks in Malaysia. However, tremendous interest in healthy food has risen among consumers and producers resulting in a rising demand for low-fat foods. Thus, oil uptake needs to be considered during frying since it also affects the flavour, odour
and general organoleptic properties of the food. The main objective of this study is to determine the effect of different concentrations of sugar beet pectin in the frying batter of fried banana and introduce the new usage of sugar beet pectin as one of the ingredients in the frying batter. Three different formulations of frying batter were prepared using 1%, 1.5% and 2% of sugar beet pectin (SBP) together with other ingredients including rice flour, water, plain flour, baking powder and salt. The addition of sugar beet pectin improved the characteristic of the batter as well as the fried banana crust. The moisture content of the crust increased about 7.6% when 1.5% SBP (F2) was used in the formulation thereby reducing the oil absorption by 8.5%. The crust crispiness also increased by 16.7% when 1.5% SBP (F2) was added to the frying batter formulation. Batter pick-up value was found highest in F1 (1% SBP) with 8.84% increment as compared to batter with no added hydrocolloids. Addition of SBP in batter formulations significantly increased the batter pick-up value. In terms of acceptability, F1 (1% SBP) was the most preferred by the panellist which was due to the appearance and colour of the fried bananas. All formulations obtained attributes scores higher than six thus were accepted by the panellists.

Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Bicarbonate
Fulltext Surface Modification of Polytetrafluoroethylene Hollow Fiber Membrane for Direct Contact Membrane Distillation through Low-Density Polyethylene Solution Coating

Mohd Ramli MR, Ahmad AL, Leo CP

ACS Omega, 2021 Feb 23;6(7):4609-4618.
PMID: 33644568 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05107

Membrane distillation (MD) is an attractive technology for the separation of highly saline water used with a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) hollow fiber (HF) membrane. A hydrophobic coating of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) coats the outer surface of the PTFE membrane to resolve membrane wetting as well as increase membrane permeability flux and salt rejection, a critical problem regarding the MD process. LDPE concentrations in coating solution have been studied and optimized. Consequently, the LDPE layer altered membrane morphology by forming a fine nanostructure on the membrane surface that created a hydrophobic layer, a high roughness of membrane, and a uniform LDPE network. The membrane coated with different concentrations of LDPE exhibited high water contact angles of 135.14 ± 0.24 and 138.08 ± 0.01° for membranes M-3 and M-4, respectively, compared to the pristine membrane. In addition, the liquid entry pressure values of LDPE-incorporated PTFE HF membranes (M-1 to M-5) were higher than that of the uncoated membrane (M-0) with a small decrease in the percentage of porosity. The M-3 and M-4 membranes demonstrated higher flux values of 4.12 and 3.3 L m-2 h-1 at 70 °C, respectively. On the other hand, the water permeation flux of 1.95 L m-2 h-1 for M-5 further decreased when LDPE concentration is increased.

Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Chloride
Fulltext Physicochemical properties and water quality parameter of paddy soil and water and their relationship with pesticides concentration

Siti Zulfa Zaidon, Yu Bin Ho, Zailina Hashim, Nazamid Saari, Sarva Mangala Praveena

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(2):206-214.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Pesticides may influence the physicochemical properties of soil and the water quality parameters, which is vital in maintaining soil fertility and producing high quality crops. Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between the concentration of pesticides, the physicochemical properties of the paddy soil samples and the water quality parameters of paddy water samples. Methods: A total of 72 soil and 72 water samples were collected in Tanjung Karang, Malaysia. The paddy soil and water were extracted using Quick, Easy, Cheap, Efficient, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) and solid phase extraction (SPE) techniques respectively. The concentrations of pesti- cides were analysed in ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). The relationship of the concentration of target pesticides and the paddy soil and water physicochemical properties were studied using Spearman correlation. Results: In paddy soil, the concentration of propiconazole shows moderate positive correlation with manganese (Mn) (r = 0.587) (p 0.01). Meanwhile buprofezin-total organic carbon (TOC) (r = -0.55) (p 0.01), imidacloprid-cation exchange capacity (CEC) (r = -0.519) (p 0.01), pymetrozine-sodium (Na) (r = -0.588) (p 0.01), and trifloxystrobin-calcium (Ca) (r = 0.566) (p 0.01) showed moderate negative correlation. Whereas in water, trifloxystrobin showed significant positive correlation with turbidity (r = 0.718) (p 0.01) and te- buconazole showed negative correlation to dissolved oxygen (DO) (r = 0.634) (p 0.01). Conclusion: The presence of pesticides in paddy field may influence the soil and water quality, thus regular monitoring of pesticides usage and nutrient management in soil is deemed important.

Matched MeSH terms: Sodium
Hyperkalemia measurement between Blood Gas Analyser and Main Laboratory Biochemistry Analyser

Ismail MH, Baharuddin KA, Suliman MA, Mohd Shukri MF, Che Has SN, Lo ZZ

Med J Malaysia, 2021 03;76(2):157-163.
PMID: 33742622

INTRODUCTION: Potassium level is measured for patients with high risk of hyperkalemia in the emergency department (ED) using both blood gas analyser (BGA) and biochemistry analyser (BCA). The study was conducted to evaluate the correlation and agreement of potassium measurement between BGA and BCA.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a prospective cross-sectional study on the data obtained from Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (Hospital USM) from Jun 2018 until May 2019. Blood samples were taken via a single prick from venous blood and sent separately using 1ml heparinised syringe and were analysed immediately in ED using BGA (Radiometer, ABL800 FLEX, Denmark) and another sample was sent to the central laboratory of Hospital USM and analysed by BCA (Architect, C8000, USA). Only patients who had potassium levels ≥5.0mmol/L on blood gas results were included. A total of 173 sample pairs were included. The correlation and agreement were evaluated using Passing and Bablok regression, Linear Regression and Bland-Altman test.
RESULT: Of the 173 sample pairs, the median of potassium level based on BGA and BCA were 5.50mmol/L (IQR: 1.00) and 5.90mmol/L (IQR: 0.95) respectively. There was significant correlation between two measurements (p<0.001, r: 0.36). The agreement between the two measurements showed within acceptable mean difference which was 0.27 mmol/L with 95% limit of agreement were 1.21mmol/L to 1.73mmol/L.
CONCLUSION: The result of blood gas can be used as a guide for initial treatment of hyperkalaemia in critical cases where time is of the essence. However, BCA result is still the definitive value.

Matched MeSH terms: Sodium
Report - Synthesis of new antibacterial agents encompassing tosyl, piperidine, propanamide and 1,3,4-oxadiazole functionalities

Sattar A, Aziz-Ur-Rehman -, Abbasi MA, Siddiqui SZ, Rasool S, Ali Shah SA

Pak J Pharm Sci, 2020 Jul;33(4):1697-1705.
PMID: 33583804

A series of propanamide compounds 6a-l was derived by N-substitution reactions, encompassing tosyl, piperidine and 1,3,4-oxadiazole moieties. The intended array of compounds 6a-l was afforded by a series of five steps reaction scheme. 1-Tosylpiperidin-4-carboxylate (1) was synthesized by the reaction of tosyl chloride (a) with ethyl isonipecotate (b) under mild basic conditions. Compound 1 was subjected to nucleophillic substitution by hydrazine to synthesize 1-tosylpiperidin-4-carbohydrazide (2). The compound, 5-(1-tosylpiperidin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol (3) was synthesized by intermolecular cyclization of compound 2 by CS2 under strong basic conditions. The target compounds, 6a-l, were finally synthesized from 3 by reacting with different electrophiles, 5a-l, in an aprotic polar solvent with sodium hydride as an activator. The different propanamoyl electrophiles, 5a-l, were synthesized by the reaction of different aromatic and aliphatic amines, 4a-l, with 3-bromopropionyl chloride under mild basic conditions. The structural elucidation was carried out using modern spectroscopic techniques including IR, 1H-NMR and EI-MS. The antibacterial potential of synthesized compounds was assessed against five bacterial strains. Compounds 6a, 6c, 6d, 6e and 6f were found to be potent antibacterial agents.

Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Compounds
Fulltext Experimental Study on the Partial Discharge Characteristics of Palm Oil and Coconut Oil Based Al2O3 Nanofluids in the Presence of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate

Mohamad NA, Azis N, Jasni J, Kadir MZAA, Yunus R, Yaakub Z

Nanomaterials (Basel), 2021 Mar 19;11(3).
PMID: 33808641 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030786

This experimental study aims to examine the partial discharge (PD) properties of palm oil and coconut oil (CO) based aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanofluids with and without surfactants. The type of surfactant used in this study was sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The volume concentrations range of Al2O3 dispersed in oil samples was varied from 0.001% to 0.05%. The ratio of surfactants to nanoparticles was set to 1:2. In total, two different types of refined, bleached and deodorized palm oil (RBDPO) and one type of CO were measured for PD. Mineral oil (MO) was also examined for comparison purpose. PDIV measurements for all samples were carried out based on rising voltage method whereby a needle-sphere electrode configuration with a gap distance of 50 mm was chosen in this study. Al2O3 improves the PDIVs of RBDPO, CO and MO whereby the highest improvements of PDIVs are 34%, 39.3% and 27%. The PD amplitude and repetition rate of RBDPO improve by 38% and 81% while for CO, it can increase up to 65% and 80% respectively. The improvement of PD amplitude and repetition rate for MO are 18% and 95%, regardless with and without SDS. Without SDS, the presence of Al2O3 could cause 26%, 75% and 65% reductions of the average emission of light signals for RBDPOA, RBDPOB and CO with the improvement of PD characteristics but both events do not correlate at the same volume concentration of Al2O3. On the other hand, the average emission of light signal levels of the oils increases with the introduction of SDS. The emission of light signal in MO does not correlate with the PD characteristics improvement either with or without SDS.

Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate
Fulltext Properties of a New Insulation Material Glass Bubble in Geo-Polymer Concrete

Shahedan NF, Abdullah MMAB, Mahmed N, Kusbiantoro A, Tammas-Williams S, Li LY, et al.

Materials (Basel), 2021 Feb 08;14(4).
PMID: 33567696 DOI: 10.3390/ma14040809

This paper details analytical research results into a novel geopolymer concrete embedded with glass bubble as its thermal insulating material, fly ash as its precursor material, and a combination of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) as its alkaline activator to form a geopolymer system. The workability, density, compressive strength (per curing days), and water absorption of the sample loaded at 10% glass bubble (loading level determined to satisfy the minimum strength requirement of a load-bearing structure) were 70 mm, 2165 kg/m3, 52.58 MPa (28 days), 54.92 MPa (60 days), and 65.25 MPa (90 days), and 3.73 %, respectively. The thermal conductivity for geopolymer concrete decreased from 1.47 to 1.19 W/mK, while the thermal diffusivity decreased from 1.88 to 1.02 mm2/s due to increased specific heat from 0.96 to 1.73 MJ/m3K. The improved physicomechanical and thermal (insulating) properties resulting from embedding a glass bubble as an insulating material into geopolymer concrete resulted in a viable composite for use in the construction industry.

Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Hydroxide
Fulltext Evaluation of interface adhesion between silicone soft liners and denture base after immersion with denture cleansers by scanning electron microscope

Aiemeeza Rajali, Siti Fauzza Ahmad

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(3):148-154.
MyJurnal

Introduction: The compatibility of denture cleanser is crucial in the prevention of failure of adhesion between silicone soft liner and acrylic denture base, thus ensuring the durability of the prosthesis. This scanning electron microscope (SEM) study was to determine the mode of failure and measured the gap formation between silicone soft liners and Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) denture base after immersion in denture cleansers. Methods: A total of 135 specimens of PMMA denture base lined with three different silicone soft liners (GC Reline Soft, Mollosil and Tokuyama Sofreliner Tough) were immersed into denture cleansers (Polident® and Stearadent) daily and stored in distilled water at 37±1°C. Specimens were examined and sectioned at 2.5mm and 5.0mm from the margin after 1 day, 30 days and 90 days before analyzed. Results: No significant difference detected in the mode of failure and gap formation after one-day immersion. Adhesive failure was the commonest failure at the margin after 30 days (71.11%) and after 90 days (95.56%). However, 33.33% of specimens showed mixed failure at 5.0mm sectioned after 90 days. A significant difference of gap formation was demonstrated from Mollosil in Steradent at the margin and at 2.5 mm sectioned after 30 days and after 90 days (p

Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Chloride
Fulltext Beet-root oral rehydration salts and carrot oral rehydration salts formula in stopping diarrhea and enhancing hydration status

Chandrika Murugaiah, Constance Liew Sat Lin, Hassanain Al-Talib, Mehru Nisha, Mohamad Salih Falah, Nelbon Giloi, et al.

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(105):37-0.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Cholera is an infection caused by the bacterium Vibriocholerae that causes severe watery diarrhoea, which can lead to dehydration. Beet-roothas been shown to induce favourable outcomes and holds promise as an economic, practical natural dietary intervention in cholera. Methods: Systematic search of peer-reviewed literature on beet-root ORS and carrot ORS use for acute diarrhoea in below 6-year-old. We identified 3 studies for abstraction. Results: A study had compared a commercial carrot/rice-based ORS A (Na 52 mmol/L) and two glucose-based ORS B (Na 55 mmol/L) and C (Na 90 mmol/L). Fluid intake, faecal and urine output and absorption of fluid was measured in 161 infants and children (3-48 months old) during the first 48 hours after admission. The number of stools (p < 0.01) and the mean faecal output (p < 0.05) per kg body weight were significantly lower in group A. Children in group A also had significantly (p < 0.01) greater fluid absorption (mean 464 ml/kg) than in groups C (312 ml/kg) and B (140 ml/kg). Conclusions: While there are some promising results, this analysis indicates that the need for further investi- gation into approaches to increasing beet-root ORS and carrot ORS use.

Matched MeSH terms: Sodium
Fulltext Novel Mangosteen-Leaves-Based Marker Ink: Color Lightness, Viscosity, Optimized Composition, and Microstructural Analysis

Mohd Basri MS, Liew Min Ren B, A Talib R, Zakaria R, Kamarudin SH

Polymers (Basel), 2021 May 14;13(10).
PMID: 34069259 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101581

Dry mangosteen leaves are one of the raw materials used to produce marker ink. However, research using this free and abundant resource is rather limited. The less efficient one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) approach was mostly used in past studies on plant-based marker ink. The use of statistical analysis and the regression coefficient model (mathematical model) was considered essential in predicting the best combination of factors in formulating mangosteen leaf-based marker ink. Ideally, ink should have maximum color lightness, minimum viscosity, and fast-drying speed. The objective of this study to study the effect of glycerol and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) on the color lightness and viscosity of mangosteen-leaves-based marker ink. The viscosity, color lightness, and drying properties of the ink were tested, the significant effect of glycerol and CMC (responses) on ink properties was identified and the prediction model on the optimum value of the responses was developed by using response surface methodology (RSM). The microstructure of mangosteen leaves was analyzed to study the surface morphology and cell structure during dye extraction. A low amount of glycerol used was found to increase the value of color lightness. A decrease in CMC amounts resulted in low viscosity of marker ink. The optimum formulation for the ink can be achieved when the weight percents of glycerol, benzalkonium chloride, ferrous sulphate, and CMC are set at 5, 5, 1, and 3, respectively. SEM micrographs showed the greatest amount of cell wall structure collapse on samples boiled with the lowest amount of glycerol.

Matched MeSH terms: Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium
Fulltext Micropropagation of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) 'Bentong' and Evaluation of Its Secondary Metabolites and Antioxidant Activities Compared with the Conventionally Propagated Plant

Zahid NA, Jaafar HZE, Hakiman M

Plants (Basel), 2021 Mar 26;10(4).
PMID: 33810290 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040630

'Bentong' ginger is the most popular variety of Zingiber officinale in Malaysia. It is vegetatively propagated and requires a high proportion of rhizomes as starting planting materials. Besides, ginger vegetative propagation using its rhizomes is accompanied by several types of soil-borne diseases. Plant tissue culture techniques have been applied in many plant species to produce their disease-free planting materials. As 'Bentong' ginger is less known for its micropropagation, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of Clorox (5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)) on explant surface sterilization, effects of plant growth regulators, and basal media on shoots' multiplication and rooting. The secondary metabolites and antioxidant activities of the micropropagated plants were evaluated in comparison with conventionally propagated plants. Rhizome sprouted buds were effectively sterilized in 70% Clorox for 30 min by obtaining 75% contamination-free explants. Murashige and Skoog (MS) supplemented with 10 µM of zeatin was the suitable medium for shoot multiplication, which resulted in the highest number of shoots per explant (4.28). MS medium supplemented with 7.5 µM 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) resulted in the highest number of roots per plantlet. The in vitro-rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatized with a 95% survival rate in the ex vitro conditions. The phytochemical analysis showed that total phenolic acid and total flavonoid content and antioxidant activities of the micropropagated plants were not significantly different from the conventionally propagated plants of 'Bentong' ginger. In conclusion, the present study's outcome can be adopted for large-scale propagation of disease-free planting materials of 'Bentong' ginger.

Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Hypochlorite
Pregnant Women Are Iodine Deficient While School-Aged Children Demonstrate Adequate Iodine Status in Sarawak, Malaysia

Kuay LK, Chin TB, Ying CY, Hussain H, Mahmud NA, Kassim MSA, et al.

Food Nutr Bull, 2021 09;42(3):406-413.
PMID: 34024187 DOI: 10.1177/03795721211002079

BACKGROUND: A mandatory universal salt iodization (USI) has been implemented in Sarawak, Malaysia since 2008.
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to assess the current iodine status among school-aged children (SAC) and pregnant women (PW) after 10 years of USI implementation in Sarawak.
METHODS: This cross-sectional survey among school-aged children and pregnant women was conducted between July and October 2018 in Sarawak. The multistage proportionate to population size sampling technique was used to select 30 schools and 30 maternal and child health care clinics. A total of 1200 children aged 8 to 10 years and 750 first-trimester pregnant women were randomly selected to participate in the study. Iodine excretion level in urine was determined according to the World Health Organization classification.
RESULTS: A total of 988 children and 677 PW participated in the study with a response rate of 82.3% and 90.2%, respectively. The overall median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) level among the children was 126.0 μg/L (interquartile range [IQR], 71.0-200.9 μg/L) and classified as adequate iodine status. The median UIC among PW was 123.9 μg/L (IQR, 56.5-192.1μg/L) indicating inadequate iodine status.
CONCLUSION: The present findings indicate that despite adequate iodine status in children, the majority of PW still showed inadequate iodine status. Thus, comprehensive monitoring of the iodine deficiency disorder problem among PW is warranted.

Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Chloride, Dietary

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