Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 566 in total

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  1. The effect of signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens) on drug-metabolizing enzymes in sheep and comparison with normal cells
    Khairi HM, Elsheikh HA, Salam Abdullah A
    Vet Hum Toxicol, 2000 Aug;42(4):193-5.
    PMID: 10928679
    The effect of Brachiaria decumbens (signal grass) on drug-metabolizing enzymes was studied in sheep. After 14 d of grazing a pure signal grass pasture, significant declines were observed in hepatic aminopyrine N-demethylase and aniline 4-hydroxylase (phase I biotransformation) and in conjugative enzymes UDP-glucuronyltransferase and glutathione S-transferase. Kidney enzymes were significantly decreased except for UDP-glucuronyltransferase. Enzyme activities were also compared for normal sheep and cattle livers and kidneys. Lower activities were found in cattle, indicating that factors other than biotransformation are responsible for the clincial tolerance of cattle to B. decumbens toxicity.
  2. Transcatheter closure of multiple muscular ventricular septal defects using Gianturco coils
    Latiff HA, Alwi M, Kandhavel G, Samion H, Zambahari R
    Ann Thorac Surg, 1999 Oct;68(4):1400-1.
    PMID: 10543517
    A 10-month-old boy underwent operation to close a large secundum atrial septal defect and multiple muscular ventricular septal defects. Closure of the ventricular septal defects was unsuccessful and led to worsening cardiac failure and inability to wean the patient from mechanical ventilation. Transcatheter closure of the ventricular septal defects using Gianturco coils was undertaken. This technique is an effective alternative for closure of multiple muscular ventricular septal defects in infants and small children.
  3. Rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure following blowpipe dart poisoning
    Ho LM, Cheong I, Jalil HA
    Nephron, 1996;72(4):676-8.
    PMID: 8730441
    The latex of pokok ipoh (Antiaris toxocaria) and the root bark of akar ipoh (Strychnos species) have been the main sources of the poisonous principles in dart and arrow poisons prepared throughout south-east Asia. We report a fatal case of rhabdomyolysis and acute oliguric renal failure following oral ingestion of blowpipe dart poison. To our knowledge this is the first such report.
  4. Fulltext Interaction between vitamin E and glutathione in rat brain: Effect of chronic ethanol administration
    Marcus SR, Chandrakala MV, Nadiger HA
    Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 1998 Dec;7(3/4):201-5.
    PMID: 24393672
    The protection against ethanol-induced lipid peroxidation is rendered by antioxidants such as vitamin E and glutathione (GSH) interacting with each other and also functioning independently. A study of the levels of GSH and activities of glutathione peroxidase (GP), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione transferase (GST) in the cerebral cortex (CC), cerebellum (CB) and brain stem (BS) of vitamin E-supplemented and -deficient rats subjected to ethanol administration for 30 days was carried out. Chronic ethanol administration to vitamin E-supplemented rats elevated GP, GR and GST activities in the three regions and GSH levels in the CB. Chronic ethanol administration to vitamin E-deficient rats elevated GR activity in the three regions and GP activity in the CC and CB, decreased GST activity in the CC and CB, but did not alter GSH levels compared with normal rats subjected to chronic ethanol administration. The results indicate that vitamin E helps to maintain GSH levels to combat increased peroxidation while its absence has a deleterious effect.
  5. Fulltext Parental perceptions of children's body shapes
    Zalilah MS, Anida HA, Merlin A
    Med J Malaysia, 2003 Dec;58(5):743-51.
    PMID: 15190662 MyJurnal
    The aim was to determine the differences in parents' perceptions of boys' and girls' body shapes and the explanations for the emphasis on body shape care of children. Subjects were low-income parents (n = 158) of preschoolers attending preschools in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Parental perceptions of children's body shapes were assessed based on their rankings (scale of 1 to 7) of four attributes (ideal, healthy, fat and thin) for boy and girl figures. Parental responses to five questions on the importance of body shape were also obtained. Parental rankings of ideal and healthy body shapes were significantly lower for girls than boys (p < 0.001). However, mothers' and fathers' rankings of boys' and girls' body shapes were not significantly different. for both boys and girls, parental ratings for ideal body shape were significantly lower than for healthy body shape (p < 0.001). The majority of parents indicated that children's body shape is important for their future health, self enhancement, social interaction and career. With the increasing prevalence of body dissatisfaction among Malaysian children, these findings contribute to the understanding of parental roles in the development of body image and perhaps, in the etiology of body dissatisfaction among children.
  6. Effects of adding organic materials to an acid sulfate soil on the growth of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) seedlings
    Shamshuddin J, Muhrizal S, Fauziah I, Husni MH
    Sci Total Environ, 2004 May 5;323(1-3):33-45.
    PMID: 15081715
    Acid sulfate soils having a pH of less than 3.5 are widespread in Malaysia. Some of these soils are planted to cocoa, but the yield is reported to be low due to soil infertility related to Al toxicity. Cocoa growth is sensitive to the presence of Al in the soil. To a certain extent, Al toxicity in soils can be reduced by organic matter application and to a greater extent in iron-poor acid sulfate soil. A study was conducted to determine the efficacy of various types of organic materials easily available in the country to ameliorate acid sulfate soil infertility for growing cocoa seedlings. The treatments were control (nil), lime (3 t/ha), peat (10% w/w), peat plus green manure (10% w/w), peat plus rice straw (10% w/w), peat plus chicken dung (10% w/w) and peat plus POMS (Palm oil mill sludge) (10% w/w). The growth of cocoa seedlings was affected significantly by the presence of Al in the cocoa tissues. As the amount of Al in the leaves increased, the relative top dry weight of cocoa seedlings decreased. Likewise, the relative plant height was negatively correlated with Al in the leaves. Peat as well as peat in combination with green manure, rice straw, chicken dung or palm oil mill sludge was able to reduce Al toxicity in acid sulfate soil; the highest top dry weight of cocoa seedlings were obtained in the peat plus green manure treatment. The best cocoa seedlings root growth was found for the peat treatment alone. The relative top dry weight of cocoa seedlings was negatively correlated with Al(3+) as well as Al(3+)+Al(OH)(2+)+Al(OH)(2)(+) activity in the soil solution. The critical values for Al(3+) and the combination of Al(3+)+Al(OH)(2+)+Al(OH)(2)(+) activity in the soil solution were 10 microM and 15 microM, respectively.
  7. Behaviors of 323Th, 238U, 228Ra and 226Ra on combustion of crude oil terminal sludge
    Puad HA, Noor MY
    J Environ Radioact, 2004;73(3):289-305.
    PMID: 15050361
    Crude oil terminal sludge contains technologically enhanced naturally occurring radionuclides such as (232)Th, (238)U, (228)Ra and (226)Ra, thus cannot be disposed of freely without proper control. The current method of disposal, such as land farming and storing in plastic drums is not recommended because it will have a long-term impact on the environment. Due to its organic nature, there is a move to treat this sludge by thermal methods such as incineration. This study has been carried out to determine the behaviors of (232)Th, (238)U, (228)Ra and (226)Ra present in the sludge during combustion at a certain temperature and time. The percentage of volatilization was found to vary between 2% and 70%, (238)U was the most volatile in comparison with (232)Th, (228)Ra and (226)Ra. (238)U is found to be significantly volatilized above 500 degrees C, and might reach maximum volatilization at above 700 degrees C. A mathematical model was developed to predict the percentage of volatilization of (232)Th, (238)U, (228)Ra and (226)Ra contained in the sludge. With this known percentage of volatilization, the concentration of (232)Th, (238)U, (228)Ra and (226)Ra present in the bottom and filter ashes can be calculated.
  8. Fulltext The different faces of facial nerve schwannomas
    Abdullah A, Mahmud MR, Sabir HA, Saim L
    Med J Malaysia, 2003 Aug;58(3):450-3.
    PMID: 14750390
    Facial nerve schwannomas are rare benign tumors. The tumor can arise anywhere along the course of the facial nerve. The most common presentation for this tumor is a slowly progressive facial nerve paralysis. Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and tinnitus are later symptoms. The symptoms and signs depend on the site of tumor along the nerve. We report three cases of facial nerve schwannomas with different clinical presentations. Appropriate management of a facial nerve schwannoma should be based on the site and extent of the tumor and status of the nerve function.
  9. Bacillus cereus endocarditis in native aortic valve
    Ngow HA, Wan Khairina WM
    J Infect Chemother, 2013 Feb;19(1):154-7.
    PMID: 22627887 DOI: 10.1007/s10156-012-0427-2
    Bacillus cereus endocarditis is rare. It has been implicated in immunocompromised individuals, especially in intravenous drug users as well as in those with a cardiac prosthesis. The patient was a 31-year-old ex-intravenous drug addict with a past history of staphylococcal pulmonary valve endocarditis, who presented with symptoms of decompensated cardiac failure. Echocardiography showed severe aortic regurgitation with an oscillating vegetation seen on the right coronary cusp of the aortic valve. The blood cultures grew Bacillus cereus. We report this as a rare case of Bacillus cereus endocarditis affecting a native aortic valve.
  10. Fulltext Relationship between Appetite, Food Intake and Body Composition among Elderly Malays from an Urban Residential Area in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Mohamad HA, Suzana S, Noor Ibrahim MS, Norshafarina S
    Malays J Nutr, 2010 Dec;16(3):339-48.
    PMID: 22691987 MyJurnal
    Loss of appetite, decrease in food intake and changes in body composition appear to be inter-related factors that can influence the well-being of older individuals. Therefore, a study was conducted to determine the level of appetite, food intake and its relation to body composition and functional status among noninstitutionalised elderly Malays in Cheras, Kuala Lumpur. The Council on Nutrition Appetite Questionnaire (CNAQ), Diet History Questionnaire (DHQ), Bio-impedance Analysis (BIA) and Instrumental Activity of Daily Living (IADL) questionnaire and handgrip dynamometer were used to measure appetite, food intake, body composition and functional status respectively. A total of 112 subjects (41.1% men and 58.9% women) participated with mean age being 66.0 ± 5.0 years for men and 66.3 ± 6.2 years for women. Prevalence of poor appetite was higher in elderly women (72.3%) than in men (52.3%) (p<0.05). Pearson's correlation test showed that CNAQ score correlated significantly with age (r=-0.255, p<0.01), energy intake (r=0.272, p<0.01), IADL score (r=0.408, p<0.01) and handgrip strength (r=0.263, p<0.05). Energy intake correlated significantly with fat free mass (r=0.424, p<0.05), muscle mass (r=0.456, p<0.05) and total body water (r=0.403, p<0.05). Multiple regression analysis showed that 27.0% of poor appetite could be explained by advanced age, low energy intake and decreased functional status. In conclusion, the study showed that poor appetite was prevalent among the subjects, especially women and this was influenced by aging, inadequate energy intake and decreased functional status.
  11. A case of laparoscopic resection of myxoid liposarcoma of the greater omentum
    Siow SL, Faqihuddin MH, Mahendran HA
    Med J Malaysia, 2020 07;75(4):455-457.
    PMID: 32724018
    Primary omental liposarcoma is a rare clinical entity with less than 20 cases being reported in the literature. Laparotomy has been the traditional approach for resection, with no reports of laparoscopic resection. A 39-year-old lady presented at the Sarawak General Hospital, Kuching, Malaysia with a history of a progressive, painless left upper quadrant abdominal swelling for a year. CT scan showed a well-defined heterogeneously enhancing cystic mass measuring 7.5x7.5x8.1cm with a poor plane with the adjacent greater curvature of stomach and transverse colon. Upper and lower endoscopy was normal. The tumour was completely dissected from the adjacent transverse colon and removed laparoscopically. Histopathological examination of the resected specimen revealed a myxoid liposarcoma. She had an uneventful recovery and was discharged well on the third postoperative day. She subsequently underwent adjuvant chemotherapy and was well at 1-year follow-up with PET CT showing no evidence of recurrence or metastases.
  12. Complication and remission rates after endoscopic argon plasma coagulation in the treatment of haemorrhagic radiation proctitis
    Siow SL, Mahendran HA, Seo CJ
    Int J Colorectal Dis, 2017 Jan;32(1):131-134.
    PMID: 27527929 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-016-2635-1
    PURPOSE: The management of haemorrhagic radiation proctitis is challenging because of the necessity for repeated intervention. The efficacy of argon plasma coagulation has been described before but the optimum treatment strategy remains debatable. This is a review of our experience over a decade treating patients with haemorrhagic radiation proctitis and their follow-up.

    METHODS: This is a retrospective review of consecutive patients who underwent argon plasma coagulation for haemorrhagic radiation proctitis between January 2003 and December 2013. The patients were followed up using a prospectively maintained database.

    RESULTS: Ninety-one patients were included with a mean follow-up of 13.1 months. Majoity (n = 85, 93.4 %) of the patients were female. Mean age at the time of treatment was 58.2 (range 23-87) years old. Majority of the patients (n = 73, 80.2 %) received radiotherapy for gynaecological malignancies followed by colorectal (n = 13, 14.3 %) and urological (n = 5, 5.5 %) malignancies. Mean interval between radiation and proctitis was 13.8 (range 3-40) months. Seventy-nine percent of patients were successfully treated after 1-2 sessions. Seventeen (18.7 %) patients experienced self-limiting early complications, and three (3.3 %) had late complications of rectal stenosis which was managed conservatively. Severity of bleeding during the initial presentation is an independent factor that predicts the number of sessions required for successful haemostasis (p = 0.002).

    CONCLUSIONS: Argon plasma coagulation is a reasonable treatment option in patients with haemorrhagic radiation proctitis with good safety profile. Our study suggests that the number of APC sessions required to arrest bleeding correlates with the severity of bleeding on initial presentation.

  13. Differential Effects of 7 and 16 Groups of Muscle Relaxation Training Following Repeated Submaximal Intensity Exercise in Young Football Players
    Sharifah Maimunah SM, Hashim HA
    Percept Mot Skills, 2016 Feb;122(1):227-37.
    PMID: 27420318 DOI: 10.1177/0031512515625383
    This study compares two versions of progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) training (7 and 16 muscle groups) on oxygen consumption (VO2), heart rates, rating of perceived exertion and choice reaction time. Football (soccer) players (N = 26; M age = 13.4 yr., SD = 0.5) were randomly assigned to either 7 muscle groups PMR, 16 muscle groups PMR, or a control group. PMR training requires the participants to tense a muscle, hold the muscle contraction, and then relax it. Measurement was conducted prior to and after the completion of 12 sessions of PMR. The dependent variables were measured following four bouts of intermittent exercise consisting of 12 min. of running at 60% VO2max for 10 min. followed by running at 90% VO2max for 2 min. with a 3-min. rest for each bout. Lower VO2, heart rate, perceived exertion, and quicker reaction time were expected in both relaxation groups compared to the control group. The results revealed a significant reduction in heart rates and choice reaction time for both relaxation groups, but the longer version produced significantly quicker choice reaction time.
  14. The National Family Planning Program: its impact on perinatal mortality
    Arshat H, Kader HA, Ali J, Noor Laily Abu Bakar
    Malays J Reprod Health, 1984 Dec;2(2):83-95.
    PMID: 12280343
  15. Two New Species and Seven New Records of Horse Fly (Diptera: Tabanidae) From Malaysia, Including a Description of New Species and Modified Keys
    Al-Talafha HA, Yaakop S, Idris AB
    J Med Entomol, 2018 01 10;55(1):112-121.
    PMID: 29040652 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjx172
    Horse flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) are of medical and veterinary importance, as their blood-sucking feeding habit enables them to transmit several disease-causing agents. In Malaysia, the family Tabanidae consists of 120 species belonging to eight genera. The current study describes two new species (Chrysops idlani sp. nov. and Tabanus ekor sp. nov.) and presents new records for seven species: Tabanus fontinalisSchuurmans Stekhoven, 1926; Tabanus fuscifronsSchuurmans Stekhoven, 1926, Tabanus latifasciesSchuurmans Stekhoven, 1926, Tabanus megalops (Walker, 1854), Tabanus rhinargusPhilip, 1962, Tabanus salvazai (Surcouf, 1922), and Tabanus tristisWulp, 1881. Complete descriptions and illustrations are provided for the new species, and species variations for the new records are discussed. Male Tabanus latifasciesSchuurmans Stekhoven, 1926 and Tabanus perakiensis Ricardo, 1911 are thoroughly described herein.
  16. Fulltext Atrial myxoma: histological confirmation
    Ngow HA, Khairina WM
    Heart Asia, 2011;3(1):43-4.
    PMID: 27325987 DOI: 10.1136/ha.2010.003046
  17. Localized giant pseudopolyposis in ulcerative colitis
    Munchar J, Rahman HA, Zawawi MM
    Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2001 Nov;13(11):1385-7.
    PMID: 11692068
    Localized giant pseudopolyposis is an interesting but unusual manifestation of both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. The purpose of this report is to present a case of localized giant pseudopolyposis complicating an ulcerative colitis, and review other cases reported in the literature. The clinical and pathological findings are described. The authors also discuss the possible aspect of proper management in this type of lesion.
  18. Fulltext Angioinvasive cerebral aspergillosis presenting as acute ischaemic stroke in a patient with diabetes mellitus
    Norlinah MI, Ngow HA, Hamidon BB
    Singapore Med J, 2007 Jan;48(1):e1-4.
    PMID: 17245496
    Cerebral angioinvasive aspergillosis is a rare manifestation of disseminated aspergillosis which may result in stroke in immunocompromised individuals. Reports of such disease in patients with diabetes mellitus are rare. We describe a 45-year-old man with diabetes mellitus who presented with a three-day history of right-sided limb weakness and aphasia. Cerebral computed tomography showed features of an acute infarct involving the left anterior and middle cerebral arteries. He was initially treated for an acute ischaemic stroke. Further history revealed that he was investigated for a growth in the sphenoid sinus two months earlier. Culture of the biopsied material from the sphenoid sinus grew Aspergillus fumigatus. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an extension of the growth to the brain, causing the acute ischaemic stroke. He was subsequently diagnosed with angioinvasive cerebral aspergillosis and was commenced on intravenous amphotericin B. Unfortunately, he succumbed to his illness despite treatment.
  19. Changes in human milk vitamin E and total lipids during the first twelve days of lactation
    Ali J, Kader HA, Hassan K, Arshat H
    Am J Clin Nutr, 1986 Jun;43(6):925-30.
    PMID: 3717068
    Our previous study showed vitamin E deficiency in newborns (69.7%) and mothers at term (85.9%) when the ratio between serum vitamin E in mg/dl and total lipids in g/dl was used as an indicator of vitamin E status. This study was conducted to determine the human milk content of vitamin E. During the first 12 days of lactation milk vitamin E levels remained almost constant (day 1, 0.68 mg/dl; day 12, 0.65 mg/dl), milk total lipid levels increased daily (day 1, 1.11 g/dl; day 12, 3.60 g/dl), and the ratio between milk vitamin E and total lipids dropped steadily (day 1, 1.3; day 12, 0.2). In spite of this drop in vitamin E status, it is unlikely that vitamin E availability will be affected in neonates, because normal neonates absorb milk fats well and this ability increases with age.
  20. Bacteriostatic effect of Piper betle and Psidium guajava extracts on dental plaque bacteria
    Fathilah AR, Rahim ZH, Othman Y, Yusoff M
    Pak J Biol Sci, 2009 Mar 15;12(6):518-21.
    PMID: 19580002
    In this study, the bacteriostatic effect of Piper betle and Psidium guajava extracts on selected early dental plaque bacteria was investigated based on changes in the doubling time (g) and specific growth rates (micro). Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus mitis and Actinomyces sp. were cultured in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) in the presence and absence of the extracts. The growth of bacteria was monitored periodically every 15 min over a period of 9 h to allow for a complete growth cycle. Growth profiles of the bacteria in the presence of the extracts were compared to those in the absence and deviation in the g and micro were determined and analyzed. It was found that the g and mu were affected by both extracts. At 4 mg mL(-1) of P. betle the g-values for S. sanguinis and S. mitis were increased by 12.0- and 10.4-fold, respectively (p < 0.05). At similar concentration P. guajava increased the g-value by 1.8- and 2.6 -fold, respectively (p < 0.05). The effect on Actinomyces sp. was observed at a much lower magnitude. It appears that P. betle and P. guajava extracts have bacteriostatic effect on the plaque bacteria by creating a stressed environment that had suppressed the growth and propagation of the cells. Within the context of the dental plaque, this would ensure the attainment of thin and healthy plaque. Thus, decoctions of these plants would be suitable if used in the control of dental plaque.
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