Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 66 in total

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  1. Kalai Chelvam K, Chai LC, Thong KL
    Gut Pathog, 2014;6(1):2.
    PMID: 24499680 DOI: 10.1186/1757-4749-6-2
    Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) exhibits unique characteristics as an intracellular human pathogen. It causes both acute and chronic infection with various disease manifestations in the human host only. The principal factors underlying the unique lifestyle of motility and biofilm forming ability of S. Typhi remain largely unknown. The main objective of this study was to explore and investigate the motility and biofilm forming behaviour among S. Typhi strains of diverse background.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cytoplasm
  2. Tan CW, Ng MH, Ohnmar H, Lokanathan Y, Nur-Hidayah H, Roohi SA, et al.
    Indian J Orthop, 2013 Nov;47(6):547-52.
    PMID: 24379458 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5413.121572
    BACKGROUND AND AIM: Synthetic nerve conduits have been sought for repair of nerve defects as the autologous nerve grafts causes donor site morbidity and possess other drawbacks. Many strategies have been investigated to improve nerve regeneration through synthetic nerve guided conduits. Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) that share both Schwann cell and astrocytic characteristics have been shown to promote axonal regeneration after transplantation. The present study was driven by the hypothesis that tissue-engineered poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) seeded with OECs would improve peripheral nerve regeneration in a long sciatic nerve defect.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sciatic nerve gap of 15 mm was created in six adult female Sprague-Dawley rats and implanted with PLGA seeded with OECs. The nerve regeneration was assessed electrophysiologically at 2, 4 and 6 weeks following implantation. Histopathological examination, scanning electron microscopic (SEM) examination and immunohistochemical analysis were performed at the end of the study.

    RESULTS: Nerve conduction studies revealed a significant improvement of nerve conduction velocities whereby the mean nerve conduction velocity increases from 4.2 ΁ 0.4 m/s at week 2 to 27.3 ΁ 5.7 m/s at week 6 post-implantation (P < 0.0001). Histological analysis revealed presence of spindle-shaped cells. Immunohistochemical analysis further demonstrated the expression of S100 protein in both cell nucleus and the cytoplasm in these cells, hence confirming their Schwann-cell-like property. Under SEM, these cells were found to be actively secreting extracellular matrix.

    CONCLUSION: Tissue-engineered PLGA conduit seeded with OECs provided a permissive environment to facilitate nerve regeneration in a small animal model.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cytoplasm
  3. Lim HC, Teng ST, Leaw CP, Lim PT
    J Phycol, 2013 Oct;49(5):902-16.
    PMID: 27007315 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12101
    A study on the morphology and phylogeny of 18 strains of Pseudo-nitzschia established from the Strait of Malacca, Peninsular Malaysia, was undertaken. Morphological data combined with molecular evidence show that they constitute three new species, for which the names, P. batesiana sp. nov., P. lundholmiae sp. nov., and P. fukuyoi sp. nov., are proposed. The three new species closely resemble species in the P. pseudodelicatissima complex sensu lato. Morphologically, P. batesiana differs from other species in the complex by having a smaller part of cell overlapping in the chain, whereas P. lundholmiae differs by having fewer poroid sectors and P. fukuyoi by having a distinct type of poroid sectors. Nucleotide sequences of the LSU rDNA (D1-D3) of the three new species reveal significant nucleotide sequence divergence (0.1%-9.3%) from each other and from other species in the P. pseudodelicatissima complex s.l. The three species are phylogenetically closely related to species in the P. pseudodelicatissima complex, with P. batesiana appearing as a sister taxon to P. circumpora, P. caciantha, and P. subpacifica; whereas P. lundholmiae and P. fukuyoi are more closely related to P. pseudodelicatissima and P. cuspidata. The three species show 2-3 compensatory base changes (CBCs) in their ITS2 transcripts when compared to the closely related species. The ITS2 with its structural information has proven its robustness in constructing a better resolved phylogenetic framework for Pseudo-nitzschia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cytoplasm
  4. Siar CH, Abbas SA
    PMID: 23601220 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2013.02.013
    The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression and localization of tight junction proteins (TJPs) or claudins in the keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT) and to correlate with its biological behavior.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cytoplasm/pathology; Cytoplasmic Granules/ultrastructure
  5. Kunasundari B, Murugaiyah V, Kaur G, Maurer FH, Sudesh K
    PLoS One, 2013;8(10):e78528.
    PMID: 24205250 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078528
    Cupriavidus necator H16 (formerly known as Hydrogenomonas eutropha) was famous as a potential single cell protein (SCP) in the 1970s. The drawback however was the undesirably efficient accumulation of non-nutritive polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) storage compound in the cytoplasm of this bacterium. Eventually, competition from soy-based protein resulted in SCP not receiving much attention. Nevertheless, C. necator H16 remained in the limelight as a producer of PHB, which is a material that resembles commodity plastics such as polypropylene. PHB is a 100% biobased and biodegradable polyester. Although tremendous achievements have been attained in the past 3 decades in the efficient production of PHB, this bioplastic is still costly. One of the main problems has been the recovery of PHB from the cell cytoplasm. In this study, we showed for the first time that kilogram quantities of PHB can be easily recovered in the laboratory without the use of any solvents and chemicals, just by using the cells as SCP. In addition, the present study also demonstrated the safety and tolerability of animal model used, Sprague Dawley given lyophilized cells of C. necator H16. The test animals readily produced fecal pellets that were whitish in color, as would be expected of PHB granules. The pellets were determined to contain about 82-97 wt% PHB and possessed molecular mass of around 930 kg/mol. The PHB granules recovered biologically possessed similar molecular mass compared to chloroform extracted PHB [950 kg/mol]. This method now allows the production and purification of substantial quantities of PHB for various experimental trials. The method reported here is easy, does not require expensive instrumentation, scalable and does not involve extensive use of solvents and strong chemicals.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cytoplasm/metabolism; Cytoplasm/microbiology; Cytoplasmic Granules/metabolism*
  6. Chowdhury EH
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2011 Jun 17;409(4):745-7.
    PMID: 21624351 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.05.079
    Intracellular delivery of a functional gene or a nucleic acid sequence to specifically knockdown a harmful gene is a potential approach to precisely treat a critical human disease. The intensive efforts in the last few decades led to the development of a number of viral and non-viral synthetic vectors. However, an ideal delivery tool in terms of the safety and efficacy has yet to be established. Recently, we have developed pH-sensing inorganic nanocrystals of carbonate apatite for efficient and cell-targeted delivery of gene and gene-silencing RNA. Here we show that addition of very low level of fluoride to the particle-forming medium facilitates a robust increase in transgene expression following post-incubation of the particles with HeLa cells. Confocal microscopic observation and Southern blotting prove the cytoplasmic existence of plasmid DNA delivered by likely formed fluoridated carbonate apatite particles while degradation of plasmid DNA presumably by cytoplasmic nucleases was noticed following delivery with apatite particles alone. The beneficial role of fluoride in enhancing carbonate apatite-mediated gene expression might be due to the buffering potential of generated fluoridated apatite in endosomal acidic environment, thereby increasing the half-life of delivered plasmid DNA.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cytoplasm/metabolism
  7. Alazawy A, Arshad SS, Bejo MH, Omar AR, Tengku Ibrahim TA, Sharif S, et al.
    J Electron Microsc (Tokyo), 2011;60(4):275-82.
    PMID: 21593079 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfr031
    Feline coronavirus (FCoV) consists of two biotypes based on their growth in cell culture and their antigenicity. Infections with FCoV are highly prevalent in the cat population worldwide. In this study, Felis catus whole fetus (Fcwf-4)cell culture was infected with FCoV UPM11C/08. Virus multiplication in cell culture was monitored and examined under the transmission electron microscope. The virus particles revealed the characteristic morphology of feline FCoV represented by envelope viruses surrounded by peplomers. Virus attachment and entry into the cell occurred 15 h post-infection (pi), and the myriad of virus particles were observed both extracellularly and intracellularly after 48 h pi. Thereafter, intracellular virus particles were observed to be present in vacuoles or present freely in the cytoplasm.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cytoplasm/ultrastructure*; Cytoplasm/virology
  8. Yau Hsiung W, Abdul Kadir H
    PMID: 21423690 DOI: 10.1155/2011/293060
    The anticancer potential of Leea indica, a Chinese medicinal plant was investigated for the first time. The crude ethanol extract and fractions (ethyl acetate, hexane, and water) of Leea indica were evaluated their cytotoxicity on various cell lines (Ca Ski, MCF 7, MDA-MB-435, KB, HEP G2, WRL 68, and Vero) by MTT assay. Leea indica ethyl acetate fraction (LIEAF) was found showing the greatest cytotoxic effect against Ca Ski cervical cancer cells. Typical apoptotic morphological changes such as DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation were observed in LIEAF-treated cells. Early signs of apoptosis such as externalization of phosphatidylserine and disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential indicated apoptosis induction. This was further substantiated by dose- and time-dependent accumulation of sub-G(1) cells, depletion of intracellular glutathione, and activation of caspase-3. In conclusion, these results suggested that LIEAF inhibited cervical cancer cells growth by inducing apoptosis and could be developed as potential anticancer drugs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cytoplasm
  9. Afzan MY, Sivanandam S, Kumar GS
    Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 2010 Oct;68(2):159-62.
    PMID: 20846588 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2010.06.005
    Trichomonas vaginalis, a flagellate protozoan parasite commonly found in the human genitourinary tract, is transmitted primarily by sexual intercourse. Diagnosis is usually by in vitro culture method and staining with Giemsa stain. There are laboratories that use Gram stain as well. We compared the use of modified Field's (MF), Giemsa, and Gram stains on 2 axenic and xenic isolates of T. vaginalis, respectively. Three smears from every sediment of spun cultures of all 4 isolates were stained, respectively, with each of the stains. We showed that MF staining, apart from being a rapid stain (20 s), confers sharper staining contrast, which differentiates the nucleus and the cytoplasm of the organism when compared to Giemsa and Gram staining especially on parasites from spiked urine samples. The alternative staining procedure offers in a diagnostic setting a rapid stain that can easily visualize the parasite with sharp contrasting characteristics between organelles especially the nucleus and cytoplasm. Vacuoles are more clearly visible in parasites stained with MF than when stained with Giemsa.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cytoplasm/ultrastructure
  10. Siar CH, Nakano K, Han PP, Nagatsuka H, Ng KH, Kawakami T
    J Oral Pathol Med, 2010 Aug 1;39(7):552-8.
    PMID: 20337864 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2009.00871.x
    In mammals, the Notch gene family encodes four receptors (Notch1-4), and all of them are important for cell fate decisions. Notch signaling pathway plays an essential role in tooth development. The ameloblastoma, a benign odontogenic epithelial neoplasm, histologically recapitulates the enamel organ at bell stage. Notch has been detected in the plexiform and follicular ameloblastoma. Its activity in the desmoplastic ameloblastoma is unknown.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cytoplasm/ultrastructure
  11. Molouki A, Hsu YT, Jahanshiri F, Rosli R, Yusoff K
    Intervirology, 2010;53(2):87-94.
    PMID: 19955813 DOI: 10.1159/000264198
    Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an avian paramyxovirus that has gained a lot of interest in cancer viro-therapeutic applications because of its ability to selectively induce apoptosis in human cancer cells. However, the underlying mechanisms by which NDV induces apoptosis in human cancer cells are still not entirely understood.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cytoplasm/chemistry*
  12. Al-Joudi, Fawwaz S., Iskandar Zulkarnain A.
    MyJurnal
    Bcl-2 is an anti-apoptotic protein belonging to a family of proteins that act as regulators of apoptosis in mammalian cells. Bcl-2 expression has previously been reported in normal breast ductal cells and its involvement in the hormonal regulation of hyperplasia and involution was further suggested, and it was thought to be expressed through hormonedependent pathways. Bcl-2 is a cytoplasmic oncoprotein which is highly expressed in human solid tumours. In breast cancer cells, however, Bcl-2 expression is down regulated, the exact mechanism and the effects of which are not clearly defined, as bcl-2 expression appears to be inversely correlated with the presence of p53 mutations. This work aimed at investigating the expression of bcl-2 in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast utilizing an immunohistochemistry assay as well as studying the clinical correlations of bcl-2. Bcl-2 was detected in 43.7% of 382 invasive ductal carcinoma study cases. Its expression correlated positively, with lower age of patients, higher histological grades, large tumour sizes, estrogen receptor positivity and progesterone receptor negativity. However, the statistical correlations were weak. With the data obtained, it was found that the expression of bcl-2 correlated with unfavourable prognoses. Furthermore, bcl-2 detection alone may not be very helpful in consolidating a clinical diagnosis.







    59-64

    Matched MeSH terms: Cytoplasm
  13. Kamilla L, Mansor SM, Ramanathan S, Sasidharan S
    Microsc Microanal, 2009 Aug;15(4):366-72.
    PMID: 19575837 DOI: 10.1017/S1431927609090783
    Clitoria ternatea is known for its antimicrobial activity but the antifungal effects of leaf extract on growth and morphogenesis of Aspergillus niger have not been observed. The extract showed a favorable antifungal activity against A. niger with a minimum inhibition concentration 0.8 mg/mL and minimum fungicidal concentration 1.6 mg/mL, respectively. The leaf extract exhibited considerable antifungal activity against filamentous fungi in a dose-dependent manner with 0.4 mg/mL IC50 value on hyphal growth of A. niger. The main changes observed under scanning electron microscopy after C. ternatea extract treatment were loss of cytoplasm in fungal hyphae and the hyphal wall and its diameter became markedly thinner, distorted, and resulted in cell wall disruption. In addition, conidiophore alterations were also observed when A. niger was treated with C. ternatea leaf extract.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cytoplasm/ultrastructure
  14. Iskandar ZA, Al-Joudi FS
    Malays J Pathol, 2006 Dec;28(2):101-5.
    PMID: 18376799 MyJurnal
    Survivin is an inhibitor of apoptosis protein and regulates the cell cycle in the G2/M phase. Survivin is expressed during embryonic and fetal development, selectively over-expressed in common human cancers and completely down-regulated in normal adult tissue. This work was aimed at studying the expression of the survivin homologues and their subcellular distribution in fetal and normal adult tissues of rat. Survivin expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections of fetal and normal adult tissues of rat using the polyclonal serum SUR12A-CFI. This serum demonstrated intense positive survivin staining in adult kidney, ovary and oviduct, and a variable expression in different fetal organs, with particularly intense expression detected in the adrenal gland, liver, stomach, small intestine, colon, kidney and skin. In both fetal and adult tissues, the expression was predominantly cytoplasmic. It was concluded that survivin was abundantly and prominently expressed during fetal development in rat and that the polyclonal anti-human survivin antibody SUR12A-CFI is reactive with rat survivin.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cytoplasm/metabolism
  15. Jau MH, Yew SP, Toh PS, Chong AS, Chu WL, Phang SM, et al.
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2005 Aug;36(3):144-51.
    PMID: 16005060
    Three strains of Spirulina platensis isolated from different locations showed capability of synthesizing poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] under nitrogen-starved conditions with a maximum accumulation of up to 10 wt.% of the cell dry weight (CDW) under mixotrophic culture conditions. Intracellular degradation (mobilization) of P(3HB) granules by S. platensis was initiated by the restoration of nitrogen source. This mobilization process was affected by both illumination and culture pH. The mobilization of P(3HB) was better under illumination (80% degradation) than in dark conditions (40% degradation) over a period of 4 days. Alkaline conditions (pH 10-11) were optimal for both biosynthesis and mobilization of P(3HB) at which 90% of the accumulated P(3HB) was mobilized. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the mobilization of P(3HB) involved changes in granule quantity and morphology. The P(3HB) granules became irregular in shape and the boundary region was less defined. In contrast to bacteria, in S. platensis the intracellular mobilization of P(3HB) seems to be faster than the biosynthesis process. This is because in cyanobacteria chlorosis delays the P(3HB) accumulation process.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cytoplasm/metabolism
  16. Abubakar S, Azila A, Suzana M, Chang LY
    Malays J Pathol, 2002 Jun;24(1):29-36.
    PMID: 16329553
    At least three major antigenic dengue 2 virus proteins were recognized by pooled dengue fever patients' sera in infected Aedes albopictus (C6/36) mosquito cells. Dengue virus envelope (E), premembrane (PrM) and non-structural protein 1 (NS 1) dimer were detected beginning on day 3 postinfection in both the cell membrane and cytosolic fractions. Using the patients' sera, the presence of antigenic intermediate core protein (C)-PrM and NS1-non-structural protein 2a (NS2a) in the cytoplasmic fraction of dengue 2 virus infected cells was revealed. The presence of a approximately 92 and approximately 84 kDa NS 1 dimer in the membrane (NS 1m) and cytosolic (NS 1c) fractions of C6/36 cells, respectively, was also recognized. Using individual patient's serum, it was further confirmed that all patients' sera contained antibodies that specifically recognized E, NS 1 and PrM present in the dengue 2 virus-infected cell membrane fractions, suggesting that these glycosylated virus proteins were the main antigenic proteins recognized in vivo. Detection of dengue 2 virus C antibody in some patients further suggested that C could be antigenic if presented in vivo.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cytoplasm/metabolism; Cytoplasm/virology
  17. Kok WL, Yusoff K, Nathan S, Tan WS
    J. Biochem. Mol. Biol. Biophys., 2002 Feb;6(1):55-8.
    PMID: 12186783
    The PreS domain of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is believed to be involved in virion assembly and attachment to a hepatocyte receptor during infection. In order to study the functions of this region, we fused it to the g3p protein of bacteriophage M13 that allows the fusion protein to be displayed at the tip of the filament. The fusion protein was detected by the anti-E tag antibody on a Western blot. The polypeptide in a soluble form was produced by transfecting a non-suppressor E. coli host cell with the recombinant phagemid. The soluble protein was detected in cytoplasm, in the periplasmic space and also in the medium. The functional display of the PreS domain would provide an alternative means to study its interactions with the nuleocapsid and hepatocytes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cytoplasm/metabolism
  18. Tay SP, Cheong SK, Hamidah NH, Ainoon O
    Malays J Pathol, 1999 Jun;21(1):37-43.
    PMID: 10879277
    A comparative study was conducted to evaluate three different permeabilization methods: FACS Permeabilizing Solution (FPerm), CytoFix/CytoPerm Kit (CFP) and Paraformaldehyde-Tween 20 (PFT) reagents, in cytoplasmic labeling of myeloperoxidase (MPO). Peripheral blood cells from 23 healthy subjects were fixed and permeabilized according to the proposed procedures, prior to direct immunofluorescence staining with CD14, CD45, IgG1, IgG2 and MPO monoclonal antibodies (McAb). Subsequent flow cytometric analysis was performed on FACSCalibur flow cytometer (Becton Dickinson, BD). As far as the antigenic expression of MPO in normal samples is concerned, FPerm and CFP demonstrated better cytoplasmic staining by inducing minor effects on light-scattering properties of the cell populations, whereas PFT-treated samples showed a diminished ability to distinguish the cell types. However, the simple and rapid FPerm method required an earlier processing of samples since the stored whole blood samples (for more than 8 hours) tended to show a significant decrease of fluorescence intensity. We also have demonstrated that P/N ratio possesses added value in evaluation of cell reactivity in immunophenotyping, based upon the apparent nonspecific cytoplasmic staining of MPO in the lymphocyte population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cytoplasm/enzymology*
  19. Yadav M, Nambiar S, Khoo SP, Yaacob HB
    Arch Oral Biol, 1997 Aug;42(8):559-67.
    PMID: 9347118
    The prevalence and cellular distribution of human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) in archival labial salivary glands was analysed for virus-specific DNA sequences by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in situ hybridization signals. In addition, the cellular expression of HHV-7-encoded protein was detected by immunohistochemical staining with a virus-specific monoclonal antibody. Eleven of 20 samples were positive for the HHV-7 DNA sequence by PCR. Eighteen of 20 tissues analysed by in situ hybridization showed signals in ductal, serous and mucous cells. Some nuclei of these cells and also the myoepithelial population were positive. In immunolocalization studies, all 20 salivary glands consistently showed HHV-7-expressed protein in the cytoplasm of ductal cuboidal and columnar cells. The protein was also found in the cytoplasm of mucous and serous acinar cells that were immunopositive for HHV-7. The observations are consistent with the suggestion that the labial salivary gland is a site for virus replication, potential persistence and a source of infective HHV-7 in saliva.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cytoplasm/ultrastructure; Cytoplasm/virology
  20. Jayaram G, Peh KB
    Diagn Cytopathol, 1995 Nov;13(4):295-9.
    PMID: 8599911
    Three patients presenting with parotid, submandibular, and/or lymph node masses were subjected to fine-needle aspiration cytology. Smears showed dissociated and clustered endothelial cells, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and Warthin Finkeldey giant cells. In two cases a diagnosis of Kimura's disease was suggested from the FNA cytologic smears. In the third case the presence of mononucleate cells with prominent nucleoli led to a suspicion of Hodgkin's disease. Excision biopsy and histopathologic study established a diagnosis of Kimura's disease in all three cases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cytoplasm/pathology
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