METHODS: Information regarding the consumption of coffee, tea, and alcohol was collected from the UK Biobank, with sample sizes of 428,860, 447,485, and 462,346 individuals, respectively. Data on 41 inflammatory cytokines were obtained from summary statistics of 8293 healthy participants from Finnish cohorts.
RESULTS: The consumption of coffee was found to be potentially associated with decreased levels of Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (β = -0.57, 95% CI -1.06 ~ -0.08; p = 0.022) and Stem cell growth factor beta (β = -0.64, 95% CI -1.16 ~ -0.12; p = 0.016), as well as an increase in TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (β = 0.43, 95% CI 0.06 ~ 0.8; p = 0.023) levels. Conversely, tea intake was potentially correlated with a reduction in Interleukin-8 (β = -0.45, 95% CI -0.9 ~ 0; p = 0.045) levels. Moreover, our results indicated an association between alcohol consumption and decreased levels of Regulated on Activation, Normal T Cell Expressed and Secreted (β = -0.24, 95% CI -0.48 ~ 0; p = 0.047), as well as an increase in Stem cell factor (β = 0.17, 95% CI 0.02 ~ 0.31; p = 0.023) and Stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha (β = 0.20, 95% CI 0.04 ~ 0.36; p = 0.013).
CONCLUSION: Revealing the interactions between beverage consumption and various inflammatory cytokines may lead to the discovery of novel therapeutic targets, thereby facilitating dietary interventions to complement clinical disease treatments.
METHODS: This was a prospective non-randomized comparative study. Eyes with OAG and cataracts that were planned for either combined phacoemulsification and iStent implantation (iStent+CS) or phacoemulsification alone (CS) were recruited. The iStent inject (Model G2-M-IS) or iStent injectW (Model G2-W) trabecular micro-bypass stent (Glaukos Corporation, San Clemente, CA, USA) was implanted in the iStent+CS group. WDT was performed before and 3 months after surgery. WDT-IOP parameters including peak IOP, IOP fluctuation, and area under the curve (AUC) were compared between the two groups.
RESULTS: There were 20 eyes in the iStent+CS group and 16 eyes in the CS group. Both groups had similar pre-operative baseline IOP (15.6 ± 3.7 mm Hg vs. 15.8 ± 1.8 mm Hg in the iStent+CS and CS group, respectively, p = 0.883). The iStent+CS group experienced greater numerical reduction in peak IOP (2.6 ± 1.9 mm Hg vs. 1.9 ± 2.4 mm Hg; p = 0.355), IOP fluctuation (1.7 ± 2.2 mm Hg vs. 0.8 ± 2.5 mm Hg; p = 0.289), and AUC (54.8 ± 103.6 mm Hg × minute vs. 25.3 ± 79.0 mm Hg × minute; p = 0.355) than the CS group. There was more reduction in the number of anti-glaucoma medications in the iStent+CS group (1.4 ± 1.2) than the CS group (0.3 ± 0.9; p = 0.005).
CONCLUSION: Both combined phacoemulsification with iStent inject implantation and phacoemulsification alone reduced peak IOP, IOP fluctuation, and AUC, and none of these parameters showed statistically significant difference. Greater reduction in anti-glaucoma medications was seen in the combined group.
METHODS: A total of 29,850 participants (58% women) from 21 cohorts across six continents were included in an individual participant data meta-analysis. Sex-specific hazard ratios (HRs), and women-to-men ratio of hazard ratios (RHRs) for associations between RFs and all-cause dementia were derived from mixed-effect Cox models.
RESULTS: Incident dementia occurred in 2089 (66% women) participants over 4.6 years (median). Women had higher dementia risk (HR, 1.12 [1.02, 1.23]) than men, particularly in low- and lower-middle-income economies. Associations between longer education and former alcohol use with dementia risk (RHR, 1.01 [1.00, 1.03] per year, and 0.55 [0.38, 0.79], respectively) were stronger for men than women; otherwise, there were no discernible sex differences in other RFs.
DISCUSSION: Dementia risk was higher in women than men, with possible variations by country-level income settings, but most RFs appear to work similarly in women and men.