Quality of Kelantan drinking water and knowledge, attitude and practice among the population of Pasir Mas, Malaysia

Ab Razak NH 1 , Praveena SM 2 , Aris AZ 3 , Hashim Z 1

Affiliations 

  • 1 Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
  • 2 Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. Electronic address: smpraveena@gmail.com
  • 3 Centre of Excellence for Environmental Forensics, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Public Health, 2016 Feb;131:103-11.
PMID: 26715317 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2015.11.006

Abstract

Information about the quality of drinking water, together with analysis of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) analysis and health risk assessment (HRA) remain limited. The aims of this study were: (1) to ascertain the level of KAP regarding heavy metal contamination of drinking water in Pasir Mas; (2) to determine the concentration of heavy metals (Al, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn and Cd) in drinking water in Pasir Mas; and (3) to estimate the health risks (non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic) caused by heavy metal exposure through drinking water using hazard quotient and lifetime cancer risk.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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