Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 127 in total

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  1. Fulltext Seroprevalence of small ruminant caprine arthritis encephalitis lentivirus among goats from selected small ruminant farms in Selangor, Malaysia
    Jesse FFA, Bitrus AA, Abba Y, Raju VN, Hambali IU, Peter ID, et al.
    Vet World, 2018 Feb;11(2):172-176.
    PMID: 29657399 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.172-176
    Background and Aim: Caprine arthritis encephalitis (CAE) is an important viral disease of small ruminants particularly in dairy goats with severe social and economic implication. Hence, this study was designed to determine the seroprevalence of CAE virus (CAEV) among goat population in selected small ruminant farms in Selangor and the risk factors associated with the occurrence of the disease.

    Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from a total of 91 goats selected at random. Blood serum was harvested and used for competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test to detect antibodies against CAE virus.

    Results: The result obtained showed that 8/91 (8.8%) of the goats were seropositive for CAEV. In addition, biosecurity management, source of origin and sex of the animal were observed to be important risk factors associated with the occurrence of CAE in goats.

    Conclusion: The findings of this study affirmed that the seroprevalence of CAEV infection among goat population in small ruminant farms in Selangor, Malaysia, is low. However, there is need to institute strict control measures such as testing and culling positive animals or separation of infected animals from those that tested negative to the disease for effective eradication of the disease.

    Matched MeSH terms: Farms
  2. Fulltext Risk factors of the occurrence of malaria Knowlesi in Ranau: a case control study
    Jewel Bollah, Syed Sharizman
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(106):24-24.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Malaria is a public health concern and still endemic in Malaysia particularly in Sabah. Malaria is due to plasmodium parasite which can be further divided into human malaria and zoonotic malaria. Plasmodium knowlesi, a zoonotic malaria species, is increasing in trend and alarming despite of ongoing prevention and control measures especially in Sabah. Methods: This is a case-control study involving a total of 169 respondents which comprises of 43 cases and 126 controls from Mukim Paginatan and Mukim Nalapak, Ranau. A simple random sampling were used to select subjects. Results: This study found male, forest related and doing outdoor activity has higher risk of contracting malaria. Village house is another significant risk factor. The specific risk factors with the strongest association with malaria is the presence of monkey near housing or farm area (OR5.667; 95% CI: 2.429, 13.220), live near forest (OR 5.330; 95% CI: 1.209, 23.495), presence of pond or pool or river near house (OR 4.222; 95% CI: 1.552, 11.490), doing outdoor activity after 5 PM (OR 3.434; 95% CI: 1.522, 7.748) and ever overnight in the hut (OR 2.724; 95% CI: 1.334, 5.561). Conclusion: This study shows several risk factors that associated with malaria knowlesi. Based on the identified risk factors, preventive and control measure can be improved and optimized.
    Matched MeSH terms: Farms
  3. Fulltext Ph Monitoring for Liquid Fertilizer Management in Black Pepper Farming
    Kedung Fletcher, Anding Nyuak, Tan Phei Yee
    International Journal of Innovation and Industrial Revolution, 2021;3(6):1-12.
    MyJurnal
    There is lacking technology application in black pepper farming to automate daily routine activities in monitoring black pepper vines growth and nutrient need. With the revolution of Industry 4.0 (IR4.0), and tremendous improvement in the internet of things (IoT), the application of precision agriculture to pepper farming is a thing to consider for its benefit. This paper to explore the use of IoT to monitor fertilizer requirement for pepper vines using pH sensor. The pH sensor attached to Raspberry Pi 3 will be collecting the data and forwarding it to the cloud database for farmer reference and take decision based on data presented in form of a digital report from the database. The Python environment provides the space for coding in Raspberry Pi. SQL and PHP software is used to design the user interface and data management in the relational database management system. The information about pH provides a better understanding of how pH parameter affects the growth of pepper vines. The farmer will be able to access the information anywhere and anytime. Therefore, our proposed system will greatly help the pepper farmers in Sarawak in managing the usage of fertilizer as a way to minimize farm inputs, thus increase their profit.
    Matched MeSH terms: Farms
  4. Nematode control failure due to anthelmintic resistance in a sheep farm in Malaysia: First identification of the F200Y mutation in the isotype 1 β-tubulin gene
    Khadijah S, Wahaf ANS, Syahmi MI, Tan TK, Low VL, Azrul LM, et al.
    Trop Biomed, 2018 Dec 01;35(4):999-1006.
    PMID: 33601847
    This paper reports total nematode anthelmintic resistance towards albendazole, fenbendazole, levamisole and ivermectin in a commercial sheep farm located in Terengganu, Malaysia. Faecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT) was conducted on 25 sheep, where five sheep in each group were treated with the respective four anthelmintics based on live bodyweight. The balance of five sheep placed in the control group were not treated with any anthelmintics. At day 13 post-treatment, faecal egg count was conducted and nematode worm egg count reduction percentage was calculated to determine the resistance status towards the respective anthelmintics tested. Results showed that nematodes were resistant to all the anthelmintics tested, namely albendazole, fenbendazole, levamisole and ivermectin with reduction percentage of 87%, 46%, 94% and 68%, respectively. Subsequently, the third stage larvae of Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis recovered from post-treatment faecal cultures were subjected to allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) assay to determine the presence of the benzimidazole resistance gene. This study reports the occurrence of the classical F200Y mutation in the isotype 1 βtubulin gene, for the first time in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Farms
  5. Fulltext Prevalence of overweight among Malaysian adults from rural communities
    Khor GL, Yusof AM, Tee ES, Kandiah M, Lee Huang MS
    Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 1999 Dec;8(4):272-9.
    PMID: 24394228
    Assessment of the nutritional status of 4054 households from rural communities in Peninsular Malaysia was undertaken from 1992 to 1995. Body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were obtained from a self-selected sample of 1854 men and 2741 women aged >= 18 years. The BMI and WHR results are presented according to gender, age groups and type of community as defined by the main occupation, namely, fishing, rice farming, estate work, rubber and coconut small-holding. The mean BMI for men and women of all age groups are 22.5 kg/m2 and 23.8 kg/m2, respectively. The mean BMI for both genders increases with age between 18.0 and 49.9 years, after which the value declines. The prevalence of pre-obese (BMI >= 25.0-29.9 kg/m2) is 19.8% for men and 28.0% for women. The prevalence of obese men and women (>= 30.0 kg/m2) is 4.2% and 11.1%, respectively. The highest prevalence of pre-obese and obese men is found in the age groups of 30.0-49.9 years, while that for women is in the 40.0-49.9 years age group. The prevalence of pre-obesity and obesity is higher in women than in men for every age group. A similar result was indicated by WHR whereby a higher proportion of women (22.5%) than men (5%) for all ages was found to show central obesity. The prevalence of overweight adults is higher when compared with previous studies on subjects from almost similar rural communities. This study indicated that overweight is on the increase in rural communities, especially among female subjects.
    Matched MeSH terms: Farms
  6. Management and control of pollution in Inner Johore Strait
    Koh HL, Lim PE, Midun Z
    Environ Monit Assess, 1991 Oct;19(1-3):349-59.
    PMID: 24233952 DOI: 10.1007/BF00401324
    Coastal waters in South Johore, Malaysia are polluted to various degrees. The major pollution sources are domestric wastes from human settlements, agro-based wastes from palm oil mills and rubber processing factories, industrial effluents from industrial estates and discharges from animal farms. These pollution problems have adversely affected resources such as fisheries, recreational potential as well as the general aesthetic quality of the coastal environment particularly the Inner Johore Strait. Hence proper management and control measures are urgently needed to protect and further enhance the water quality to ensure environmentally sustainable development. This study examines various management options to control the pollution in the Inner Johore Strait. The options involve partial opening as well as complete removal of the Causeway to improve the tidal flow for more effective dilution and dispersion of pollutants. Computer simulation models are used to assess the impacts of the proposed options.
    Matched MeSH terms: Farms
  7. Fulltext Antimicrobial resistance of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Enteritidis isolated from vegetable farms and retail markets in Malaysia
    Kuan, C.H., Rukayadi, Y., Ahmad, S. H., Wan Mohamed Radzi, C.W.J., Kuan, C.S., Yeo, S.K., et al.
    International Food Research Journal, 2017;24(4):1831-1839.
    MyJurnal
    Listeriosis and salmonellosis are the major foodborne illnesses worldwide. Over the last decade,
    increasing reports about the antibiotic resistance of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella from diverse sources have prompted public health concerns, especially in developing countries with over reliance or misuse of antibiotic drugs in the treatment of humans and animals. In this study, antibiotic susceptibility profiles of 58 L. monocytogenes and 12 Salmonella Enteritidis strains from vegetable farms and retail markets in Malaysia were testedby the standard disk diffusion method. Listeria monocytogenes isolates were found to exhibit 100% resistance to penicillin G. Also, high resistance patterns were observed for meropenem (70.7%) and rifampicin (41.4%). The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of L. monocytogenes isolates ranged from 0.11 to 0.56. Besides, the antibiogram results revealed that multidrugresistant (MDR) S. Enteritidis were detected and all the S. Enteritidis isolates demonstrated resistance to at least four antibiotics. Ampicillin, amoxicillin, and trimethoprim failed to inhibit all the S. Enteritidis strains. Salmonella Enteritidis isolates also displayed high resistance to nalidixic acid (75.0%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (75.0%), and chloramphenicol (66.7%). Findings in this study indicated that vegetables could be potential sources of multidrug resistance of L. monocytogenes and S. Enteritidis, which can be a serious issue and a major concern for public health. Thus, there is a great need for surveillance programs in Malaysia to continuously monitor the antibiotic resistance profiles of important pathogens.
    Matched MeSH terms: Farms
  8. New insights in improving sustainability in meat production: opportunities and challenges
    Kumar P, Abubakar AA, Verma AK, Umaraw P, Adewale Ahmed M, Mehta N, et al.
    Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 2023 Nov;63(33):11830-11858.
    PMID: 35821661 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2096562
    Treating livestock as senseless production machines has led to rampant depletion of natural resources, enhanced greenhouse gas emissions, gross animal welfare violations, and other ethical issues. It has essentially instigated constant scrutiny of conventional meat production by various experts and scientists. Sustainably in the meat sector is a big challenge which requires a multifaced and holistic approach. Novel tools like digitalization of the farming system and livestock market, precision livestock farming, application of remote sensing and artificial intelligence to manage production and environmental impact/GHG emission, can help in attaining sustainability in this sector. Further, improving nutrient use efficiency and recycling in feed and animal production through integration with agroecology and industrial ecology, improving individual animal and herd health by ensuring proper biosecurity measures and selective breeding, and welfare by mitigating animal stress during production are also key elements in achieving sustainability in meat production. In addition, sustainability bears a direct relationship with various social dimensions of meat production efficiency such as non-market attributes, balance between demand and consumption, market and policy failures. The present review critically examines the various aspects that significantly impact the efficiency and sustainability of meat production.
    Matched MeSH terms: Farms
  9. Fulltext Molecular detection and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli in broiler chicken farms in Malaysia
    Lemlem M, Aklilu E, Mohammed M, Kamaruzzaman F, Zakaria Z, Harun A, et al.
    PLoS One, 2023;18(5):e0285743.
    PMID: 37205716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285743
    Antimicrobial resistance is one of the major public health threats globally. This challenge has been aggravated with the overuse and misuse of antibiotics in food animals and humans. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Extended-Spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes in Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from broiler chickens in Kelantan, Malaysia. A total of 320 cloacal swabs were collected from farms in different districts of Kelantan and were analyzed using routine bacteriology, antimicrobial susceptibility test, and molecular techniques for further identification and characterization of ESBL encoding genes. Based on PCR detection for the E. coli species-specific Pho gene, 30.3% (97/320) of isolates were confirmed as E. coli, and 84.5% (82/97) of the isolates were positive for at least one ESBL gene. Majority of the isolates, 62.9% (61/97) were harboring blaCTX-M followed by 45.4% (44/97) of blaTEM genes, while 16.5% (16/97) of the isolates were positive for both mcr-1 and ESBL genes. Overall, 93.8% (90/97) of the E. coli were resistant to three or more antimicrobials; indicating that the isolates were multi-drug resistance. 90.7% of multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index value greater than 0.2, would also suggest the isolates were from high-risk sources of contamination. The MLST result shows that the isolates are widely diverse. Our findings provide insight into the alarmingly high distribution of antimicrobial resistant bacteria, mainly ESBL producing E. coli in apparently healthy chickens indicating the role of food animals in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance, and the potential public health threats it may pose.
    Matched MeSH terms: Farms
  10. Determination and speciation of heavy metals in sediments of the Juru River, Penang, Malaysia
    Lim PE, Kiu MY
    Environ Monit Assess, 1995 Apr;35(2):85-95.
    PMID: 24202270 DOI: 10.1007/BF00633708
    The Juru River flows through largely urbanized areas and is grossly polluted by domestic wastes and discharges from pig farms. Other than carrying highly polluting organic materials, these wastes are also contaminated with heavy metals. To ascertain the extent of heavy metal pollution in the river, total and non-residual concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, Mn and Fe in sediment samples collected along the river were determined. The results indicate that both the total and non-residual metal concentrations in sediments can successfully be used to identify heavy metal pollution sources. The speciation of Zn, Mn and Fe in the sediment samples were investigated using a sequential leaching technique which identifies the elements among six operationally defined host fractions: (1) exchangeable, (2) carbonate and surface-associated, (3) easily reducible, (4) moderately reducible, (5) bound to organic matter and sulphides and (6) residual. The results indicate that Zn is mainly associated with the reducible fractions. Zn and Fe found in the moderately reducible fraction are significantly correlated, indicating that iron oxides is the preferred host phase by Zn.
    Matched MeSH terms: Farms
  11. Fulltext Length-weight relationship and relative condition factor of pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata martensii, cultured in the Tieshangang Bay of the Beibu Gulf, Guangxi Province, China
    Lim, Leong Seng, Isabella Ebi, Liew, Kit Shing, Yap, Tzuen Kiat, Tan, Nai Han
    Borneo Journal of Marine Science and Aquaculture, 2020;4(1):24-27.
    MyJurnal
    Tieshangang Bay in the Beibu Gulf, Guangxi of China, is a strategic location for pearl farming. Although water pollution has been reported in this bay but the general health of the pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata martensii, farmed there has never been assessed. The present study examined the condition of P. fucata martensii farmed in the Tieshangang Bay by analyzing its length-weight relationship (LWR) and relative condition factor (RCF). A total of 111 specimens were sampled for measuring their shell height and total weight for determining the LWR and RCF. The coefficient of correlation of the LWR was high (R2 = 0.93), significant at 0.01 level. Negative allometric growth (b = 2.7048) was observed. However, P. fucata martensii achieved the expected growth in terms of weight, as determined through the RCF (mean 1.13). Negative allometric growth is commonly reported on the wild Pinctada spp. collected from different regions. Apparently, the water pollution in the Tieshangang Bay did not compromise the general health of the pearl oyster cultured there. Nevertheless, further study on the farm’s surrounding water quality and plankton availability is necessary to investigate the interaction between the growth of the oyster and its culture environment. In conclusion, the P. fucata martensii farmed in the Tieshangang Bay was considered healthy and the bay is still suitable for pearl oyster farming.
    Matched MeSH terms: Farms
  12. Development of Diversity Arrays Technology markers as a tool for rapid genomic assessment in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus
    Lind CE, Kilian A, Benzie JAH
    Anim. Genet., 2017 Jun;48(3):362-364.
    PMID: 28094451 DOI: 10.1111/age.12536
    The development of genomic markers is described for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, using the Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) genotype-by-sequencing platform. A total of 13 215 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and 12 490 silicoDArT (dominant) markers were identified from broodstock of two selective breeding programs [Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT) strain from Malaysia and the Abbassa strain from Egypt]. Over 10 000 SNPs were polymorphic in either strain, and 2985 and 3087 showed strain-specific polymorphisms for the GIFT and Abbassa strains respectively. We demonstrate the potential utility of these markers for rapid genomic screening and use in breeding programs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Farms
  13. Impacts of pig farming on the water quality of Serin River, Sarawak
    Ling T, Layang H, Then Y, Apun K
    Sains Malaysiana, 2006;35:45-50.
    In Sarawak, pig farm operators are required to treat the wastewater containing pig waste and spilt food in oxidation ponds before discharge. However, information on the impact of this industry on surface water quality is lacking. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the impact of pig farm effluent on the water quality of Serin River and its tributaries. Results of analysis show that the tributary that received pond effluent has significantly higher mean of total suspended solids (TSS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia-nitrogen (NH3 -N), reactive phosphorus (SRP) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) concentrations when compared to those of the tributary that did not receive pond effluent. Comparisons between the stations upstream and downstream of the discharge point indicated that BOD5 and COD were significantly higher at the downstream station that received pond effluent. Dissolved oxygen (DO) was the lowest at the tributary receiving effluent from pig farms with a mean of 2.40 mg/l. According to the Interim Water Quality Standard of the Department of Environment, water quality at the tributary that received pig farm effluent falls into Class III whereas that of the other stations falls into Class II. It is recommended that further studies be conducted on the management of waste to explore the possibility of turning the waste into a resource so that water quality of rivers can remain pristine for drinking and recreation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Farms
  14. Maternal Mowing Effect on Seed Traits of an Invasive Weed, Erigeron annuus in Farmland
    Liu JH, Yong XH, Zhen Li, Du SF, Zhang ZW, Meng XF, et al.
    Sains Malaysiana, 2015;44:347-354.
    The effect of maternal mowing on seed traits of an invasive weed, Erigeron annuus, in farmland was discussed by
    comparing mowing plants with intact (no-mowing) plants. The maternal mowing effect resulted in the decrease of seed
    mass, achene size, pappus length and germination percentage and the increase of variation in achene size, pappus length,
    dispersal distance and germination non-uniformity. To some extent, the individuals suffered mowing might accelerate
    the environmental adaptation through the increase of these variations. Our study indicated the mean of mowing in
    farmland will restrain the growth and reproduction of weed E. annuus. However, it also increases the diversity of seeds
    through a more unequal provision to seeds that shares the risk and increases fitness to a wider range of heterogeneity
    of farmland condition.
    Matched MeSH terms: Farms
  15. Scientific concept and practices of life community of mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes, grasslands, and deserts in China
    Liu S, Dong Y, McConkey KR, Tran LP, Wang F, Liu H, et al.
    Ambio, 2023 Dec;52(12):1939-1951.
    PMID: 37392251 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-023-01898-1
    China prioritizes ecological civilization construction and embraces the concept of "lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets." Great achievements have been made in ecological protection and restoration through implementing a series of policies and projects. This paper reviews the history of ecological restoration in China and the current development of the "integrated protection and restoration project of mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes, grasslands, and deserts (IPRP)." Furthermore, the characteristics of IPRP were systematically elaborated from the perspectives of the ecological civilization thought, the policy management, and the key scientific issues. Also, the current achievements were summarized in the fields of national ecological space management, biodiversity conservation, and ecological protection and restoration. Existing challenges in management policy, scientific issues, and engineering practices were highlighted. Future perspectives include ecological space control, nature-based Solutions, biodiversity big data platform, modern techniques, and value realization mechanisms of ecological products.
    Matched MeSH terms: Farms
  16. Fulltext Cross-boundary subsidy cascades from oil palm degrade distant tropical forests
    Luskin MS, Brashares JS, Ickes K, Sun IF, Fletcher C, Wright SJ, et al.
    Nat Commun, 2017 12 20;8(1):2231.
    PMID: 29263381 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01920-7
    Native species that forage in farmland may increase their local abundances thereby affecting adjacent ecosystems within their landscape. We used two decades of ecological data from a protected primary rainforest in Malaysia to illutrate how subsidies from neighboring oil palm plantations triggered powerful secondary 'cascading' effects on natural habitats located >1.3 km away. We found (i) oil palm fruit drove 100-fold increases in crop-raiding native wild boar (Sus scrofa), (ii) wild boar used thousands of understory plants to construct birthing nests in the pristine forest interior, and (iii) nest building caused a 62% decline in forest tree sapling density over the 24-year study period. The long-term, landscape-scale indirect effects from agriculture suggest its full ecological footprint may be larger in extent than is currently recognized. Cross-boundary subsidy cascades may be widespread in both terrestrial and marine ecosystems and present significant conservation challenges.
    Matched MeSH terms: Farms
  17. First Report of Anthracnose Disease on Young Stems of Bawanghua (Hylocereus undatus) Caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in China
    Ma WJ, Yang X, Wang XR, Zeng YS, Liao MD, Chen CJ, et al.
    Plant Dis, 2014 Jul;98(7):991.
    PMID: 30708879 DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-06-13-0609-PDN
    Hylocereus undatus widely grows in southern China. Some varieties are planted for their fruits, known as dragon fruits or Pitaya, while some varieties for their flowers known as Bawanghua. Fresh or dried flowers of Bawanghua are used as routine Chinese medicinal food. Since 2008, a serious anthracnose disease has led to great losses on Bawanghua flower production farms in the Baiyun district of Guangzhou city in China. Anthracnose symptoms on young stems of Bawanghua are reddish-brown, sunken lesions with pink masses of spores in the center. The lesions expand rapidly in the field or in storage, and may coalesce in the warm and wet environment in spring and summer in Guangzhou. Fewer flowers develop on infected stems than on healthy ones. The fungus overwinters in infected debris in the soil. The disease caused a loss of up to 50% on Bawanghua. Putative pathogenic fungi with whitish-orange colonies were isolated from a small piece of tissue (3 × 3 mm) cut from a lesion margin and cultured on potato dextrose agar in a growth chamber at 25°C, 80% RH. Dark colonies with acervuli bearing pinkish conidial masses formed 14 days later. Single celled conidia were 11 to 18 × 4 to 6 μm. Based on these morphological characteristics, the fungi were identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc (2). To confirm this, DNA was extracted from isolate BWH1 and multilocus analyses were completed with DNA sequence data generated from partial ITS region of nrDNA, actin (ACT) and glutamine synthetase (GS) nucleotide sequences by PCR, with C. gloeosporioides specific primers as ITS4 (5'-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3') / CgInt (5'-GGCCTCCCGCCTCCGGGCGG-3'), GS-F (5'-ATGGCCGAGTACATCTGG-3') / GS-R (5'-GAACCGTCGAAGTTCCAC-3') and actin-R (5'-ATGTGCAAGGCCGGTTTCGC-3') / actin-F (5'-TACGAGTCCTTCTGGCCCAT-3'). The sequence alignment results indicated that the obtained partial ITS sequence of 468 bp (GenBank Accession No. KF051997), actin sequence of 282 bp (KF712382), and GS sequence of 1,021 bp (KF719176) are 99%, 96%, and 95% identical to JQ676185.1 for partial ITS, FJ907430 for ACT, and FJ972589 for GS of C. gloeosporioides previously deposited, respectively. For testing its pathogenicity, 20 μl of conidia suspension (1 × 106 conidia/ml) using sterile distilled water (SDW) was inoculated into artificial wounds on six healthy young stems of Bawanghua using sterile fine-syringe needle. Meanwhile, 20 μl of SDW was inoculated on six healthy stems as a control. The inoculated stems were kept at 25°C, about 90% relative humidity. Three independent experiments were carried out. Reddish-brown lesions formed after 10 days, on 100% stems (18 in total) inoculated by C. gloeosporioides, while no lesion formed on any control. The pathogen was successfully re-isolated from the inoculated stem lesions on Bawanghua. Thus, Koch's postulates were fulfilled. Colletotrichum anthracnose has been reported on Pitaya in Japan (3), Malaysia (1) and in Brazil (4). To our knowledge, this is the first report of anthracnose disease caused by C. gloeosporioides on young stems of Bawanghua (H. undatus) in China. References: (1) M. Masyahit et al. Am. J. Appl. Sci. 6:902, 2009. (2) B. C. Sutton. Page 402 in: Colletotrichum Biology, Pathology and Control. J. A. Bailey and M. J. Jeger, eds. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 1992. (3) S. Taba et al. Jpn. J. Phytopathol. 72:25, 2006. (4) L. M. Takahashi et al. Australas. Plant Dis. Notes 3:96, 2008.
    Matched MeSH terms: Farms
  18. Fulltext Antibiotic susceptibility of staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli isolated from dairy goats in selected farms in Selangor, Malaysia
    Mansor, R., Diauudin, N.S., Syed-Hussain, S.S., Khalid, S.F.
    Jurnal Veterinar Malaysia, 2019;31(1):12-16.
    MyJurnal
    Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a major problem worldwide with significance public health impact in both animal and human populations. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a common pathogen in domestic livestock and Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a normal flora in the gut and these organisms are considered as effective indicators for AMR surveillance. Increased in antimicrobial resistance of these bacteria in veterinary medicine leads to difficulties in choosing effective antibiotics to treat diseases they caused. This study aimed to evaluate the susceptibility of S. aureus and E. coli isolated from dairy goats in selected farms located in Selangor, Malaysia against different antibiotics. Milk and faecal samples were collected from 36 dairy goats and samples were prepared for the isolation of S. aureus and E. coli isolates respectively. The isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility test. All 11 (100%) E. coli isolates showed resistance to amoxicillin and penicillin while 3 (27%) of the 11 S. aureus isolates, showed resistance towards the same class of antibiotic. Both S. aureus and E. coli isolates showed high susceptibility to four antibiotics, namely trimethoprim-sulfamethazole, neomycin, tetracycline and enrofloxacin. This study provided information regarding the antibiotic resistance of S. aureus and E. coli in relation to the antimicrobial usage practice in selected dairy goat farms located in Selangor, Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Farms
  19. Fulltext Prevalence, Genetic Heterogeneity, and Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Listeria spp. and Listeria monocytogenes at Farm Level: A Highlight of ERIC- and BOX-PCR to Reveal Genetic Diversity
    Maurice Bilung L, Sin Chai L, Tahar AS, Ted CK, Apun K
    Biomed Res Int, 2018;2018:3067494.
    PMID: 30065935 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3067494
    This study aimed to identify Listeria spp. and L. monocytogenes, characterize the isolates, and determine the antibiotic resistance profiles of the isolates Listeria spp. and L. monocytogenes in fresh produce, fertilizer, and environmental samples from vegetable farms (organic and conventional farms). A total of 386 samples (vegetables, soil, water, and fertilizer with manure) were examined. The identification of bacterial isolates was performed using PCR and characterized using ERIC-PCR and BOX-PCR. The discriminating power of the typing method was analyzed using Simpson's Index of Diversity. Thirty-four (n=34) Listeria isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test using the disc-diffusion technique. The PCR analysis revealed that Listeria spp. were present in 7.51% (29/386) of all the samples (vegetable, soil, fertilizer, and water). None of the samples examined were positive for the presence of L. monocytogenes. Percentages of 100% (15/15) and 73.30% (11/15) of the Listeria spp. isolated from vegetables, fertilizer, and soil from organic farm B had indistinguishable DNA fingerprints by using ERIC-PCR and BOX-PCR, respectively. Listeria spp. isolated from 86 samples of vegetable, fertilizer, and environment of organic farm A and conventional farm C had distinct DNA fingerprints. Simpson's Index of Diversity, D, of ERIC-PCR and BOX-PCR is 0.604 and 0.888, respectively. Antibiotic susceptibility test revealed that most of the Listeria spp. in this study were found to be resistant to ampicillin, rifampin, penicillin G, tetracycline, clindamycin, cephalothin, and ceftriaxone. The isolates had MAR index ranging between 0.31 and 0.85. In conclusion, hygienic measures at farm level are crucial to the reduction of Listeria transmission along the food chain.
    Matched MeSH terms: Farms
  20. Fulltext Microbiome analysis of Pacific white shrimp gut and rearing water from Malaysia and Vietnam: implications for aquaculture research and management
    Md Zoqratt MZH, Eng WWH, Thai BT, Austin CM, Gan HM
    PeerJ, 2018;6:e5826.
    PMID: 30397546 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5826
    Aquaculture production of the Pacific white shrimp is the largest in the world for crustacean species. Crucial to the sustainable global production of this important seafood species is a fundamental understanding of the shrimp gut microbiota and its relationship to the microbial ecology of shrimp pond. This is especially true, given the recently recognized role of beneficial microbes in promoting shrimp nutrient intake and in conferring resistance against pathogens. Unfortunately, aquaculture-related microbiome studies are scarce in Southeast Asia countries despite the severe impact of early mortality syndrome outbreaks on shrimp production in the region. In this study, we employed the 16S rRNA amplicon (V3-V4 region) sequencing and amplicon sequence variants (ASV) method to investigate the microbial diversity of shrimp guts and pond water samples collected from aquaculture farms located in Malaysia and Vietnam. Substantial differences in the pond microbiota were observed between countries with the presence and absence of several taxa extending to the family level. Microbial diversity of the shrimp gut was found to be generally lower than that of the pond environments with a few ubiquitous genera representing a majority of the shrimp gut microbial diversity such as Vibrio and Photobacterium, indicating host-specific selection of microbial species. Given the high sequence conservation of the 16S rRNA gene, we assessed its veracity at distinguishing Vibrio species based on nucleotide alignment against type strain reference sequences and demonstrated the utility of ASV approach in uncovering a wider diversity of Vibrio species compared to the conventional OTU clustering approach.
    Matched MeSH terms: Farms
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