Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 65 in total

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  1. Nanoplate-based digital PCR for highly sensitive pork DNA detection targeting multi-copy nuclear and mitochondrial genes
    Mokhtar NFK, Shun YQ, Raja Nhari RMH, Mohamad NA, Shahidan NM, Warsanah IH, et al.
    Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess, 2024 Feb;41(2):120-133.
    PMID: 38190283 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2023.2298476
    The inclusion of ingredients derived from pigs in highly processed consumer products poses a significant challenge for DNA-targeted analytical enforcement, which could be overcome by using digital PCR. However, most species detection methods use digital PCR to target single-copy nuclear genes, which limits their sensitivity. In this work, we examined the performance of a nanoplate-based digital PCR method that targets multi-copy nuclear (MPRE42) and mitochondrial (Cytb) genes. Poor separation of positive and negative partitions, as well as a 'rain effect' were obtained in the porcine-specific MPRE42 assay. Among the optimization strategies examined, the inclusion of restriction enzymes slightly improved the separation of positive and negative partitions, but a more extensive 'rain effect' was observed. The high copy number of the MPRE42 amplicon is hypothesized to contribute to the saturation of the positive signal. In contrast, the porcine-specific Cytb assay achieved perfect separation of positive and negative partitions with no 'rain effect'. This assay can detect as little as 0.4 pg of pork DNA, with a sensitivity of 0.05% (w/w) in a pork-chicken mixture, proving its applicability for detecting pork in meat and meat-based products. For the MPRE42 assay, potential applications in highly degraded products such as gelatin and lard are anticipated.
    Matched MeSH terms: Genes, Mitochondrial
  2. The discovery and description of a new species of Bent-toed Gecko of  the Cyrtodactylus pulchellus complex (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the Langkawi Archipelago, Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia
    Quah ESH, Grismer LL, Wood PLJ, Mohd Sah SA
    Zootaxa, 2019 Sep 09;4668(1):zootaxa.4668.1.3.
    PMID: 31716638 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4668.1.3
    A new species of limestone karst-adapted gecko of the Cyrtodactylus pulchellus complex, C. dayangbuntingensis sp. nov., is described from Dayang Bunting Island of the Langkawi Archipelago off the northwest coast of Peninsular Malaysia. It is the third species of the group to be described from the archipelago after C. langkawiensis and C. macrotuberculatus. The new species can be distinguished from all other species of Cyrtodactylus based on molecular evidence from the mitochondrial gene ND2 and its flanking tRNAs as well as having unique combinations of morphological and color pattern characteristics. This discovery underscores the need for continued surveys of the many islands in the archipelago to properly ascertain its true herpetological diversity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Genes, Mitochondrial
  3. Fulltext The first mitochondrial genome data of an old world fruit bat, Cynopterus sphinx from Malaysia
    Jahari PNS, Mohd Azman S, Munian K, Zakaria NA, Omar MSS, Richter SR, et al.
    Mitochondrial DNA B Resour, 2021 Jan 12;6(1):53-55.
    PMID: 33521264 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2020.1846472
    We assembled the complete mitogenome of Cynopterus sphinx (Vahl, 1797) of the family Pteropodidae originating from Malaysia. The total mitogenome size was 16,710bp which consists of 37 genes (13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes and one control region). A phylogenetic and BLASTn result showed the mitogenome sequence in this study varies by nearly 7% (93.48% similarity) from the same species in Cambodia. The next closest match of BLASTn was at 92% similarity to the C. brachyotis. This suggests the species-complex in Cynopterus sp. has given rise to the genetic variability.
    Matched MeSH terms: Genes, Mitochondrial
  4. Fulltext Gene expression profiling of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complex I in Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) patients
    Salehi MH, Kamalidehghan B, Houshmand M, Yong Meng G, Sadeghizadeh M, Aryani O, et al.
    PLoS One, 2014;9(4):e94069.
    PMID: 24705504 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094069
    Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is the most frequent progressive autosomal recessive disorder associated with unstable expansion of GAA trinucleotide repeats in the first intron of the FXN gene, which encodes for the mitochondrial frataxin protein. The number of repeats correlates with disease severity, where impaired transcription of the FXN gene results in reduced expression of the frataxin protein. Gene expression studies provide insights into disease pathogenicity and identify potential biomarkers, an important goal of translational research in neurodegenerative diseases. Here, using real-time PCR (RT-PCR), the expression profiles of mitochondrial (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA (nDNA) genes that encode for the mitochondrial subunits of respiratory oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complex I in the blood panels of 21 FRDA patients and 24 healthy controls were investigated. Here, the expression pattern of mtDNA-encoded complex I subunits was distinctly different from the expression pattern of nDNA-encoded complex I subunits, where significant (p<0.05) down-regulation of the mitochondrial ND2, ND4L, and ND6 complex I genes, compared to controls, were observed. In addition, the expression pattern of one nDNA-encoded gene, NDUFA1, was significantly (p<0.05) down-regulated compared to control. These findings suggest, for the first time, that the regulation of complex I subunit expression in FRDA is complex, rather than merely being a reflection of global co-regulation, and may provide important clues toward novel therapeutic strategies for FRDA and mitochondrial complex I deficiency.
    Matched MeSH terms: Genes, Mitochondrial*
  5. Molecular Identification and Genetic Variation of Rattus Species From Oil Palm Plantations of Malaysia Based on Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I (COI) Gene Sequences
    Nasir MH, Bhassu S, Mispan MS, Bakar SA, Jing KJ, Omar H
    Zoolog Sci, 2022 Dec;39(6):554-561.
    PMID: 36495490 DOI: 10.2108/zs210093
    Rats (Rattus species) are the most notorious vertebrate pests in Malaysian oil palm plantations. Although many studies have been conducted on Asian rats, little attention has been paid to their species composition and phylogenetic relationships in oil palm plantations in Peninsular Malaysia. We determined the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequence (708 bp) for 216 individual rats collected from five oil palm plantations in Peninsular Malaysia. Phylogenetic analysis in conjunction with comparison with sequences from the nucleotide sequence database revealed five distinct lineages in the Malaysian oil plantations: Rattus tiomanicus, Rattus argentiventer, Rattus exulans, Rattus tanezumi, and a taxon corresponding to the Malayan house rat, which was most frequently observed (∼50%). The last taxon has traditionally been classified as a synonym of Rattus rattus (Rattus rattus diardii) or Rattus tanezumi, but our phylogenetic analysis placed it as an independent lineage, which is not particularly closely related to R. rattus or R. tanezumi, and which we refer to as Rattus diardii. The construction of the network showed that there is considerable genetic variation within the lineages of R. diardii and R tiomanicus, suggesting that these two species are native to the Malay Peninsula.
    Matched MeSH terms: Genes, Mitochondrial*
  6. Characteristics of complete mitogenome of the lesser short-nosed fruit bat Cynopterus brachyotis (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) in Malaysia
    Yoon KB, Kim JY, Park YC
    Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal, 2016 05;27(3):2091-2.
    PMID: 25418628 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2014.982571
    We describe the characteristics of complete mitogenome of C. brachyotis in this article. The complete mitogenome of C. brachyotis is 16,701 bp long with a total base composition of 32.4% A, 25.7% T, 27.7% C and 14.2% G. The mitogenome consists of 13 protein-coding genes (11,408 bp), (KM659865) two rRNA (12S rRNA and 16S rRNA) genes (2,539 bp), 22 tRNA genes (1518 bp) and one control region (1239 bp).
    Matched MeSH terms: Genes, Mitochondrial
  7. Climate-driven mitochondrial selection: A test in Australian songbirds
    Lamb AM, Gan HM, Greening C, Joseph L, Lee YP, Morán-Ordóñez A, et al.
    Mol Ecol, 2018 02;27(4):898-918.
    PMID: 29334409 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14488
    Diversifying selection between populations that inhabit different environments can promote lineage divergence within species and ultimately drive speciation. The mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) encodes essential proteins of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system and can be a strong target for climate-driven selection (i.e., associated with inhabiting different climates). We investigated whether Pleistocene climate changes drove mitochondrial selection and evolution within Australian birds. First, using phylogeographic analyses of the mitochondrial ND2 gene for 17 songbird species, we identified mitochondrial clades (mitolineages). Second, using distance-based redundancy analyses, we tested whether climate predicts variation in intraspecific genetic divergence beyond that explained by geographic distances and geographic position. Third, we analysed 41 complete mitogenome sequences representing each mitolineage of 17 species using codon models in a phylogenetic framework and a biochemical approach to identify signals of selection on OXPHOS protein-coding genes and test for parallel selection in mitolineages of different species existing in similar climates. Of 17 species examined, 13 had multiple mitolineages (range: 2-6). Climate was a significant predictor of mitochondrial variation in eight species. At least two amino acid replacements in OXPHOS complex I could have evolved under positive selection in specific mitolineages of two species. Protein homology modelling showed one of these to be in the loop region of the ND6 protein channel and the other in the functionally critical helix HL region of ND5. These findings call for direct tests of the functional and evolutionary significance of mitochondrial protein candidates for climate-associated selection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Genes, Mitochondrial
  8. Fulltext Elevated mitochondrial genome variation after 50 generations of radiation exposure in a wild rodent
    Baker RJ, Dickins B, Wickliffe JK, Khan FAA, Gaschak S, Makova KD, et al.
    Evol Appl, 2017 09;10(8):784-791.
    PMID: 29151870 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12475
    Currently, the effects of chronic, continuous low dose environmental irradiation on the mitochondrial genome of resident small mammals are unknown. Using the bank vole (Myodes glareolus) as a model system, we tested the hypothesis that approximately 50 generations of exposure to the Chernobyl environment has significantly altered genetic diversity of the mitochondrial genome. Using deep sequencing, we compared mitochondrial genomes from 131 individuals from reference sites with radioactive contamination comparable to that present in northern Ukraine before the 26 April 1986 meltdown, to populations where substantial fallout was deposited following the nuclear accident. Population genetic variables revealed significant differences among populations from contaminated and uncontaminated localities. Therefore, we rejected the null hypothesis of no significant genetic effect from 50 generations of exposure to the environment created by the Chernobyl meltdown. Samples from contaminated localities exhibited significantly higher numbers of haplotypes and polymorphic loci, elevated genetic diversity, and a significantly higher average number of substitutions per site across mitochondrial gene regions. Observed genetic variation was dominated by synonymous mutations, which may indicate a history of purify selection against nonsynonymous or insertion/deletion mutations. These significant differences were not attributable to sample size artifacts. The observed increase in mitochondrial genomic diversity in voles from radioactive sites is consistent with the possibility that chronic, continuous irradiation resulting from the Chernobyl disaster has produced an accelerated mutation rate in this species over the last 25 years. Our results, being the first to demonstrate this phenomenon in a wild mammalian species, are important for understanding genetic consequences of exposure to low-dose radiation sources.
    Matched MeSH terms: Genes, Mitochondrial
  9. Mitogenome of gymnothorax minor and phylogenetic relationship with its congeners and related genera (anguilliformes: muraenidae)
    Sze-Looi Song, Kar-Hoe Loh, Phaik-Eem Lim, Amy Yee-Hui Then, Hoi-Sen Yong, Praphathip Eamsobhana
    Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:2519-2531.
    Gymnothorax minor is a moray eel of the family Muraenidae found in the Western Pacific Ocean. We report here
    its complete mitogenome as determined by Illumina next-generation sequencing and the phylogenetic relationship
    with its congeners and other taxa of the family Muraenidae. The whole mitogenome of G. minor had a total length
    of 16,574 bp, comprising 37 genes - 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) and 22
    transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) genes - and a control region. Excepting cox1 with GTG, the other 12 PCGs had ATG
    start codon. Seven of its PCGs had incomplete stop codon - five (nad2; cox1; cox2; nad3 and nad4) with T and two
    (atp6 and cox3) with TA. Molecular phylogeny based on 13 PCGs was concordant with 15 mitochondrial genes (13 PCGs
    and 2 rRNA genes). The subfamily Muraeninae as well as the subfamily Uropterygiinae were monophyletic. However,
    the genus Gymnothorax was paraphyletic, with G. minor forming a sister group with Rhinomuraena quaesita in the
    lineage containing also G. kidako and G. formosus forming a sister group with Enchelynassa canina. The phylogenetic
    relationship of the genus Gymnothorax and related taxa of the family Muraenidae, based on the mitochondrial cob
    gene, was in general similar to that based on 15 mt-genes. The mitogenome is useful for future studies on phylogenetics
    and systematics of eels of the family Muraenidae and other taxa of the order Anguilliformes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Genes, Mitochondrial
  10. Meat species identification and Halal authentication analysis using mitochondrial DNA
    Murugaiah C, Noor ZM, Mastakim M, Bilung LM, Selamat J, Radu S
    Meat Sci, 2009 Sep;83(1):57-61.
    PMID: 20416658 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2009.03.015
    A method utilizing PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in the mitochondrial genes was developed for beef (Bos taurus), pork (Sus scrofa), buffalo (Bubalus bubali), quail (Coturnix coturnix), chicken (Gallus gallus), goat (Capra hircus), rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) species identification and Halal authentication. PCR products of 359-bp were successfully obtained from the cyt b gene of these six meats. AluI, BsaJI, RsaI, MseI, and BstUI enzymes were identified as potential restriction endonucleases to differentiate the meats. The genetic differences within the cyt b gene among the meat were successfully confirmed by PCR-RFLP. A reliable typing scheme of species which revealed the genetic differences among the species was developed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Genes, Mitochondrial
  11. Fulltext Sequence and phylogeny of the complete mitochondrial genome of the Himalayan jungle crow (Corvidae: Corvus macrorhynchos intermedius) from Pakistan
    Iqbal F, Ayub Q, Song BK, Wilson R, Fahim M, Rahman S
    Mitochondrial DNA B Resour, 2019 Dec 18;5(1):348-350.
    PMID: 33366551 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2019.1704637
    Corvus macrorhynchos formerly referred to as the jungle crow or the large-billed crow is a polytypic species with unresolved taxonomy, comprising various subspecies widespread across South, Southeast, and East Asia. In this study, we report the complete mitogenome of one of these subspecies, Corvus macrorhynchos intermedius (Himalaya crow), from Pakistan. The mitochondrial genome is circular, 16,927 bp and contains typical animal mitochondrial genes (13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA, and 22 transfer RNA) and one non-coding region (D-loop) with a nucleotide content of A (30.6%), T (24.8%), G (14.8%), and C (29.8%). Phylogenetic analysis using the whole mitochondrial genome showed that C. m. intermedius and only reported subspecies Corvus macrorhynchos culminatus (Indian Jungle crow) are genetically distinct and it supports the recognition of the latter as a separate biospecies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Genes, Mitochondrial
  12. Fulltext Cryptic diversity: Two morphologically similar species of invasive apple snail in Peninsular Malaysia
    Rama Rao S, Liew TS, Yow YY, Ratnayeke S
    PLoS One, 2018;13(5):e0196582.
    PMID: 29734361 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196582
    Invasive snails in the genus Pomacea have spread across Southeast Asia including Peninsular Malaysia. Their effects on natural and agricultural wetlands are appreciable, but species-specific effects are less clear because of morphological similarity among the species. Our objective was to establish diagnostic characteristics of Pomacea species in Malaysia using genetic and morphological criteria. The mitochondrial COI gene of 52 adult snails from eight localities in Peninsular Malaysia was amplified, sequenced, and analysed to verify species and phylogenetic relationships. Shells were compared using geometric morphometric and covariance analyses. Two monophyletic taxa, P. canaliculata and P. maculata, occurred in our samples. The mean ratio of shell height: aperture height (P = 0.042) and shell height: shell width (P = 0.007) was smaller in P. maculata. P. maculata co-occurred with P. canaliculata in five localities, but samples from three localities contained only P. canaliculata. This study is the first to confirm the presence of two of the most invasive species of Pomacea in Peninsular Malaysia using a molecular technique. P. canaliculata appears to be the more widespread species. Despite statistical differences, both quantitative and qualitative morphological characteristics demonstrated much interspecific overlap and intraspecific variability; thus, shell morphology alone cannot reliably verify species identity. Molecular techniques for distinguishing between these two highly invasive Pomacea species are needed to understand their specific ecological niches and to develop effective protocols for their management.
    Matched MeSH terms: Genes, Mitochondrial/genetics
  13. Fulltext The employment of q-PCR using specific primer targeting on mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene for identification of wild boar meat in meatball samples
    Aina GQ, Erwanto Y, Hossain M, Johan MR, Ali ME, Rohman A
    J Adv Vet Anim Res, 2019 Sep;6(3):300-307.
    PMID: 31583226 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2019.f348
    Objective: The objective of this study was to employ real-time or quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) using novel species specific primer (SSP) targeting on mitochondrial cytochrome-b of wild boar species (CYTBWB2-wb) gene for the identification of non-halal meat of wild boar meat (WBM) in meatball products.

    Materials and Methods: The novel SSP of CYTBWB2-wb was designed by our group using PRIMERQUEST and NCBI software. DNA was extracted using propanol-chloroform-isoamyl alcohol method. The designed SSP was further subjected for validation protocols using DNA isolated from fresh meat and from meatball, which include specificity test, determination of efficiency, limit of detection and repeatability, and application of developed method for analysis of commercially meatball samples.

    Results: The results showed that CYTBWB2-wb was specific to wild boar species against other animal species with optimized annealing temperature of 59°C. The efficiency of q-PCR obtained was 91.9% which is acceptable according to the Codex Allimentarius Commission (2010). DNA, with as low as 5 pg/μl, could be detected using q-PCR with primer of CYTBWB2-wb. The developed method was also used for DNA analysis extracted from meatball samples commercially available.

    Conclusion: q-PCR using CYTBWB2-wb primers targeting on mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene (forward: CGG TTC CCT CTT AGG CAT TT; Reverse: GGA TGA ACA GGC AGA TGA AGA) can be fruitfully used for the analysis of WBM in commercial meatball samples.

    Matched MeSH terms: Genes, Mitochondrial
  14. Morphometrics and Mitochondrial DNA Genes Analysis Suggest a New Species of Penaeus (Crustacea: Penaeidae) from the Persian Gulf
    Tamadoni Jahromi S, Othman AS, Rosazlina R
    Biochem Genet, 2018 Aug 12.
    PMID: 30099639 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-018-9884-3
    There are two morphotypes of Penaeus semisulcatus described hitherto in the Persian Gulf, namely the banded and non-banded antennae morphotypes. In this study, we used morphometric measurements and two mitochondrial genes (16S rRNA and cytochrome oxidase subunit I-COI) to assess relationships between the two morphotypes of P. semisulcatus. Out of 25 morphological characters examined, 10 characters were found significantly different between the two morphotypes when tested against separate sexes or both sexes combined. Results from the 16S rRNA and COI sequence analysis of two morphotypes of P. semisulcatus morphotype showed up to 6% and 17% sequence divergence, respectively. The 16S rDNA and COI sequences of the non-banding morphotype were not only very different to those of the banding morphotype but was also very different to all other Penaeus species (i.e., P. monodon, P. merguiensis, and P. indicus) included in the study. Both parsimony and Neighbor-Joining trees based on 16S rDNA and COI sequences provide similar tree topology that clearly separated the two morphotypes into two distinct groups. Based on these findings, we propose the two morphotypes of P. semisulcatus to be relegated as two sympatric species.
    Matched MeSH terms: Genes, Mitochondrial
  15. A new black fly species of the Simulium (Gomphostilbia) epistum species-group (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Thailand
    Takaoka H, Srisuka W, Low VL, Saeung A
    Acta Trop, 2017 Dec;176:373-379.
    PMID: 28919444 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.09.006
    A new species of black fly, Simulium (Gomphostilbia) isanense, is described based on females, males, pupae and mature larvae from Thailand. This new species is placed in the Simulium epistum species-group of the subgenus Gomphostilbia Enderlein. It is characterized by the pupal gill with eight filaments arranged as 3+3+2 from dorsal to ventral, of which an inner filament of the ventral pair is slightly longer than its counter filament. Taxonomic notes are provided to distinguish this new species from S. (G.) angulistylum Takaoka & Davies from Peninsular Malaysia, and three other related species. The difference between this new species and S. (G.) angulistylum is supported by genetic distances using the mitochondrial COI gene.
    Matched MeSH terms: Genes, Mitochondrial
  16. Five new species of the Simulium decuplum subgroup of the Simulium (Gomphostilbia) batoense species-group (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Thailand and their phylogenetic relationships
    Takaoka H, Srisuka W, Van Lun Low, Saeung A
    Acta Trop, 2018 Jun;182:271-284.
    PMID: 29551392 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.03.019
    Five new species of black flies, Simulium (Gomphostilbia) chiangraiense, S. (G.) huaikaeoense, S. (G.) khaokhoense, S. (G.) maeklangense, and S. (G.) pamiangense, are described based on adults, pupae and mature larvae from Thailand. These five species are similar to one another and are placed in the S. decuplum subgroup of the S. batoense species-group by having the male fore coxae darkened, ventral plate flat and transverse; pupal gill with 10 short filaments; and larval postgenal cleft deep approaching or reaching the posterior margin of the hypostoma. Simulium (G.) chiangraiense sp. nov. and S. (G.) pamiangense sp. nov. differ from the three other new species by the much longer pupal gill filaments and darkened dorsal surface of abdominal segments 1 and 2. Taxonomic notes are provided to distinguish these five new species from five other related species. The phylogenetic positions of these new species in the S. decuplum subgroup are presented based on the mitochondrial COI gene. Simulium (G.) pamiangense sp. nov. and S. (G.) huaikaeoense sp. nov. are highly similar to each other genetically, showing a sister relationship, though they are clearly different morphologically. On the contrary, S. (G.) khaokhoense sp. nov. is distantly positioned from S. (G.) huaikaeoense nov., though it is almost indistinguishable morphologically from the latter.
    Matched MeSH terms: Genes, Mitochondrial
  17. Two new Bent-toed Geckos of the Cyrtodactylus pulchellus complex from Peninsular Malaysia and multiple instances of convergent adaptation to limestone forest ecosystems
    Grismer LL, Wood PL, Anuar S, Grismer MS, Quah ES, Murdoch ML, et al.
    Zootaxa, 2016 Apr 25;4105(5):401-29.
    PMID: 27394789 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4105.5.1
    A new species of limestone cave-adapted gecko of the Cyrtodactylus pulchellus complex, C. hidupselamanya sp. nov., is described from an isolated karst formation at Felda Chiku 7, Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia. This formation is scheduled to be completely quarried for its mineral content. From what we know about the life history of C. hidupselamanya sp. nov., this will result in its extinction. A new limestone forest-adapted species, C. lenggongensis sp. nov., from the Lenggong Valley, Perak was previously considered to be conspecific with C. bintangrendah but a re-evaluation of morphological, color pattern, molecular, and habitat preference indicates that it too is a unique lineage worthy of specific recognition. Fortunately C. lenggongensis sp. nov. is not facing extinction because its habitat is protected by the UNESCO Archaeological Heritage of the Lenggong Valley due to the archaeological significance of that region. Both new species can be distinguished from all other species of Cyrtodactylus based on molecular evidence from the mitochondrial gene ND2 and its flanking tRNAs as well as having unique combinations of morphological and color pattern characteristics. Using a time-calibrated BEAST analysis we inferred that the evolution of a limestone habitat preference and its apparently attendant morphological and color pattern adaptations evolved independently at least four times in the C. pulchellus complex between 26.1 and 0.78 mya.
    Matched MeSH terms: Genes, Mitochondrial
  18. Complete mitochondrial genome of Malaysian Mahseer (Tor tambroides)
    Norfatimah MY, Teh LK, Salleh MZ, Mat Isa MN, SitiAzizah MN
    Gene, 2014 Sep 15;548(2):263-9.
    PMID: 25042454 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.07.044
    This is the first documentation of the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the Malaysian Mahseer, Tor tambroides. The 16,690 bp mitogenome with GenBank accession number JX444718 contains 13 protein genes, 22 tRNAs, two rRNAs, and a noncoding control region (D-loop) as is typical of most vertebrates. The phylogenomic reconstruction of this newly generated data with 21 Cypriniformes GenBank accession ID concurs with the recognized status of T. tambroides within the subfamily Cyprininae. This is in agreement with previous hypotheses based on morphological and partial mitochondrial analyses.
    Matched MeSH terms: Genes, Mitochondrial
  19. Mitochondrial hepatopathies: advances in genetics and pathogenesis
    Lee WS, Sokol RJ
    Hepatology, 2007 Jun;45(6):1555-65.
    PMID: 17538929
    Hepatic involvement is a common feature in childhood mitochondrial hepatopathies, particularly in the neonatal period. Respiratory chain disorders may present as neonatal acute liver failure, hepatic steatohepatitis, cholestasis, or cirrhosis with chronic liver failure of insidious onset. In recent years, specific molecular defects (mutations in nuclear genes such as SCO1, BCS1L, POLG, DGUOK, and MPV17 and the deletion or rearrangement of mitochondrial DNA) have been identified, with the promise of genetic and prenatal diagnosis. The current treatment of mitochondrial hepatopathies is largely ineffective, and the prognosis is generally poor. The role of liver transplantation in patients with liver failure remains poorly defined because of the systemic nature of the disease, which does not respond to transplantation. Prospective, longitudinal, multicentered studies will be needed to address the gaps in our knowledge in these rare liver diseases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Genes, Mitochondrial*
  20. Fulltext Meat molecular detection: sensitivity of Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism in species differentiation of meat from animal origin
    Ong, S.B., Zuraini, M.I., Jurin, W.G., Cheah Y.K., Tunung, R., Chai, L.C., et al.
    International Food Research Journal, 2007;14(1):51-59.
    MyJurnal
    Three restriction enzymes were used in Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) using the mitochondrial cytochrome b region to establish a differential diagnosis which detect and discriminate between three meat species: pork, cow and chicken. DNA was extracted from samples containing meat of a single animal such as raw pork (Sus scrofa domesticus), chicken (Gallus gallus) and cow (Bos taurus) as well as mixed samples of two species of animals in different ratios. The amplified 359 base pairs (bp) portion of the mitochondrial cyt b gene from pure or mixed samples in different ratios was cut using three different restriction enzymes resulting in species specific restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). This technique proved to be extremely reliable in detecting the presence of low levels of target DNA obtained from a 0.25 mg component in a particular mixed meat sample. This revealed the cyt b region as highly conserved and consequently a good molecular marker for diagnostic studies. Thus, this technique can be applied to food authentication for the identification of different species of animals in food products.
    Matched MeSH terms: Genes, Mitochondrial
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