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Fulltext A pilot school health survey to study the incidence of common disorders in primary school children and the role of teachers in the school health service

Ayyamani UD

Med J Malaysia, 1986 Mar;41(1):4-11.
PMID: 3796347

Selected students were subjected to a general health appraisal including vision and hearing tests by teachers, nurses and finally a medical officer. The findings of all three examiners were then compared taking the results of the medical officer as the indicator of accuracy. The findings of the survey indicated that the problems of school children were similar to those reported by other workers and by MCH Division of the Ministry of Health namely dental caries, head lice, malnutrition, skin infections and visual disability. Other problems like skeletal deformity and abnormalities of heart, lung, speech and behaviour were extremely uncommon and formed only 1.5% of the total. Teachers and nurses performed extremely well in relation to the doctor with 93% and 95.8% concurrence respectively in detecting these abnormalities. Teachers were also requested to give a feedback on their view of and role in the SHS as well as problems faced in following the school health card. The majority perceived the SHS as a joint effort between the Ministry of Health and Education and agreed that they had a role to play in the SHS. Many teachers also indicated a willingness to carry out the various tasks in the SHS. The main problem in filling the school health card seemed to be in getting relevant details from parents though over 50% of teachers complained that there were too many details to fill. The role of teachers in the SHS is discussed in the light of the findings of the study and recommendations are made.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology
Fulltext A pilot study on comparison of body composition and general health among the urban and rural populations in Malaysia

Narimah, A.H.H., Adlina, S., Ambigga Devi, S.K., Mazlin, M.M., Hakimi, Z.A., Nuraliza, A.S.

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2007;7(1):31-36.
MyJurnal

A cross sectional study to determine general health and body composition was conducted for comparison between rural samples (Teluk Intan, Perak) and urban samples (Klang Valley, Selangor). Systematic random sampling was used in Z health clinics in Klang Valky and 4 health clinics in Telult Intan, Perak The results showed that urban population was more heterogeneous (Malay 63.7%, Indian 19.8%, Chinese 14.9%) compared with the rural population (Malay 75%, Indian 22.1%, Chinese 2.9%). Mean age for urban population was 44 2 1.6 years and for rural was 50 i 14.4 years. There was significant difference in the BMI (p < 0.05) between urban and rural populations where more people in the urban areas had higher BMI. There was a significant difference in the waist hip ratio (p < 0.05) between urban and rural areas where more people in the urban areas had above normal waist hip ratio. There was no significant difference in chronic diseases suffered and family medical history of the rural and urban samples.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology
A population-based survey of mental disorders in Singapore

Chong SA, Abdin E, Vaingankar JA, Heng D, Sherbourne C, Yap M, et al.

Ann Acad Med Singap, 2012 Feb;41(2):49-66.
PMID: 22498852

INTRODUCTION: Mental illnesses are not only a growing public health concern but also a major social and economic issue affecting individuals and families throughout the world. The prevalence of mental disorders, the extent of disability caused by these disorders, and services utilisation of these patients has been well studied in developed countries. The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of select mental disorders and their associated sociodemographic correlates in the adult Singapore resident population.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional, populationbased, epidemiological study of adult Singapore residents aged 18 years and above. The subjects were randomly selected using a disproportionate stratified sampling method. The diagnoses of selected mental disorders including major depressive disorder (MDD), dysthymia, bipolar (bipolar I & II) disorders, generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence were established using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, which is a fully structured diagnostic instrument that assesses lifetime and 12-month prevalence of mental disorders.
RESULTS: Among the 6616 respondents (response rate of 75.9%), 12.0% had at least one lifetime affective, anxiety, or alcohol use disorders. The lifetime prevalence of MDD was 5.8% and that of bipolar disorder was 1.2%. The combined lifetime prevalence of the 2 anxiety disorders, GAD and OCD was 3.6%, with the latter being more common than GAD (0.9% and 3.0% respectively). The lifetime prevalence of alcohol abuse and dependence were found to be 3.1% and 0.5% respectively. Age, gender, ethnicity, marital status and chronic physical illnesses were all significant correlates of mental disorders.
CONCLUSION: The identified associated factors would help guide resource allocation, policy formulation and programme development in Singapore.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology
Fulltext A replication study confirms the association of dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR) polymorphisms with ACPA - negative RA in a large Asian cohort

Guo J, Wu X, Too CL, Yin F, Lu X, He J, et al.

PLoS One, 2012;7(7):e41228.
PMID: 22829930 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041228

OBJECTIVES: Dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR) has been implicated in development of autoimmune disorders in rodent and DCIR polymorphisms were associated with anti-citrullinated proteins antibodies (ACPA)-negative rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Swedish Caucasians. This study was undertaken to further investigate whether DCIR polymorphisms are also risk factors for the development of RA in four Asian populations originated from China and Malaysia.

METHODS: We genotyped two DCIR SNPs rs2377422 and rs10840759 in Han Chinese population (1,193 cases, 1,278 controls), to assess their association with RA. Subsequently, rs2377422 was further genotyped in three independent cohorts of Malaysian-Chinese subjects (MY_Chinese, 254 cases, 206 controls), Malay subjects (MY_ Malay, 515 cases, 986 controls), and Malaysian-Indian subjects (MY_Indian, 378 cases, 285 controls), to seek confirmation of association in various ethnic groups. Meta-analysis was preformed to evaluate the contribution of rs2377422 polymorphisms to the development of ACPA-negative RA in distinct ethnic groups. Finally, we carried out association analysis of rs2377422 polymorphisms with DCIR mRNA expression levels.

RESULTS: DCIR rs2377422 was found to be significantly associated with ACPA -negative RA in Han Chinese (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.27-2.90, P=0.0020). Meta-analysis confirms DCIR rs2377422 as a risk factor for ACPA-negative RA across distinct ethnic groups (OR(overall) =1.17, 95% CI 1.06-1.30, P=0.003). The SNP rs2377422 polymorphism showed significant association with DCIR mRNA expression level, i.e. RA-risk CC genotype exhibit a significant increase in the expression of DCIR (P=0.0023, Kruskal-Wallis).

CONCLUSIONS: Our data provide evidence for association between DCIR rs2377422 and RA in non-Caucasian populations and confirm the influence of DCIR polymorphisms on RA susceptibility, especially on ACPA-negative RA.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology
A retrospective study of the incidence of giant papillary conjunctivitis seen in the Optometry clinic UKM. [Kajian retrospektif insidens konjunktivitis papillari gergasi di Klinik Optometri UKM]

Ong BL

Sains Malaysiana, 1996;25(3):13-18.

A retrospective study of the incidence of Giant Papillary Conjunctivitis (GPC) seen in the Optometry clinic in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia from 1989 to 1994 was carried out. In the period of the 6 years, 37 contact wearers were diagnosed to have GPC. Of the 37 patients, 21 were Malays (57%), 12 were Chinese (32%) and the remaining 4 patients were Indians (11%). 18 or 48% of those with GPC were soft lens wearers, 46% of the wearers (17 patients) were rigid gas permeable lens wearers and 1 of the patients seen was a hard (PMMA) wearer (3%) and the other one was a disposable lens wearer (3%). Thirty patients were female (81%) and 7 (19%) were male. The age range of those with GPC were between 9 to 60 years old.
Study site: Optometry clinic, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology
A short note on the average weights and heights of Malay school children in the state of Negeri Sembilan, F.M.S.

Williams CH

Journal of the Malaya Branch of the British Medical Association, 1938;1:350-54.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology
Fulltext A skin lesion and fever of unknown origin - a case study

Wong S, Ng CJ

Aust Fam Physician, 2012 Jan-Feb;41(1-2):41-4.
PMID: 22276283
Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology
Fulltext A statistical study of attempted suicides in Singapore

Chia BH, Tsoi WF

Singapore Med J, 1974 Dec;15(4):253-6.
PMID: 4458068

This is a study of 169 cases of attempted suicides who had been referred to or who had consulted a private psychiatrist. These patients were interviewed, examined and treated either as out- or in-patient in private hospitals during the years 1968-1976. Their demographic and clinical data were analysed, presented and discussed. The reasons and motivations tor the act were also obtained and summarized. In the follow-up study conducted, it was discovered that schizophrenic patients who had attempted suicide carries the highest completed suicide risk.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology
A study evaluating prevalence of hypertension and risk factors affecting on blood pressure control among type 2 diabetes patients attending teaching hospital in Malaysia

Abougalambou SS, Abougalambou AS

Diabetes Metab Syndr, 2013 Apr-Jun;7(2):83-6.
PMID: 23680246 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2013.02.019

INTRODUCTION: Hypertension is extremely common disease found in patients with diabetes mellitus. Eighty to 90% of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus will develop hypertension, and about 20% of hypertensive patients develop diabetes. The aim of this study was designed to assess the prevalence of hypertension and factors affecting the control of hypertension among type 2 diabetic patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 1077 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were included in this study who attended at diabetes clinic of Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) teaching hospital in Kelantan. All these patients were prospectively followed from January to December 2008. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the independent effect of variables on hypertension.
RESULTS: The prevalence of hypertension (BP>130/80 or on medication for high blood pressure) was 92.7%. A total 471 (47.2%) patients had achieved blood pressure targets ≤ 130/80 mmHg. The logistic regression indicated that hypertension was positively associated with age (P=0.040), BMI (P=0.027), HbA1c (P=0.046), and level of education (P=0.039).
CONCLUSION: Hypertension is a common co-morbidity among diabetic patients. Hypertension was not controlled to the recommended levels of blood pressure in about one-half (52.8%) of diabetes patients. Age, BMI, HbA1c and level of education are factors affecting on hypertension.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology
A study of joint mobility in a normal population

Seow CC, Chow PK, Khong KS

Ann Acad Med Singap, 1999 Mar;28(2):231-6.
PMID: 10497673

Joint hypermobility is a clinical entity that has been little studied in Southeast Asia in contrast to the many studies that have been conducted in the West. A pioneer study was conducted in Singapore involving 306 subjects from the three major races i.e. Chinese, Malays and Indians. Their ages ranged from 15 to 39 years. The objective was to ascertain the joint mobility profile in a study sample representative of the Singapore population and the prevalence of joint hypermobility amongst normal individuals. Joint mobility was assessed using criteria according to Carter and Wilkinson modified by Beighton et al. The distribution of the three major races in the study sample was based on the 1990 census of the Singapore population. The prevalence of joint hypermobility was found to be 17%. The results showed that joint mobility decreases with age and that females had consistently higher degree of joint mobility compared to males throughout the age group. Among the racial groups, Malays had the highest degree of joint mobility followed by Indians and Chinese.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology
Fulltext A study of marketing and its effect on infant feeding practices

Suleiman A

Med J Malaysia, 2001 Sep;56(3):319-23.
PMID: 11732077

A baby milk market was created in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and was conceived through the mutual attraction of the manufacturers and doctors. This has partly attributed to the change from breast to artificial feeding. This study was conducted to determine whether marketing had any effect on infant feeding practices. Fifty Malay mothers whose last child was aged less than five years were asked, by questionnaire and by interview, to identify whether several marketing methods influenced their decision on the selection of infant feeding practice. It was found that these mothers felt milk advertisements on television were attractive (72%), were influenced by others to buy a particular brand of formula (38.4%), were influenced by free milk samples to buy a particular brand of milk formula (65.2%) and were not influenced by their doctors on the chosen method of feeding (68%). More studies should be conducted on a bigger sample in other settings and targeting other methods of marketing to substantiate the above results. Further, similar studies among Chinese and Indian mothers are also required.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology
A study on the prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in Singapore

Lim KC, Pillai R, Singh M

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1982 Dec;13(4):547-50.
PMID: 6763354

The indirect fluorescence antibody technique has been employed to study the prevalence of toxoplasma antibodies in Singapore. 42.5% of clinically suspected cases of toxoplasmosis showed antibody titres. Of these, 17.5% had titres greater than or equal to 1.64. Malays and Indians have higher positive rates compared to the main ethnic group, the Chinese. Antibody titres are found in both males and females and span through the various age groups. The possible mode of transmission is discussed and the importance of congenital toxoplasmosis is indicated.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology
A survey of Singapore children in regard to their weight, height and nutrition

Oliveiro CJ

Malayan Medical Journal, 1937;12:9-17.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology
Fulltext A survey of breast feeding practices in infants seen in general practice

Chia SF

Med J Malaysia, 1992 Jun;47(2):134-8.
PMID: 1494334

This is a study of infant feeding practices of 126 mothers. Seventy-seven mothers or 61.1% practised breast feeding. The typical breast feeding mother was more likely to be a Malay, with lower family income and residing in the rural area. The educational status of the mother was not an important factor in influencing her to breast feed. Health education on breast feeding should be intensified in schools to reinforce the implementation of the Malaysian Code of Ethics for Infant Formula Products.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology
A survey of the basal metabolism of Malay boys in Singapore

Oliveiro CJ

Journal of the Malaya Branch of British Medical Association, 1939;3:143-55.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology
A targeted approach to genome-wide studies reveals new genetic associations with central corneal thickness

Benson MD, Khor CC, Gage PJ, Lehmann OJ

Mol Vis, 2017;23:952-962.
PMID: 29296075

Purpose: To evaluate the ability of a targeted genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify genes associated with central corneal thickness (CCT).
Methods: A targeted GWAS was used to investigate whether ten candidate genes with known roles in corneal development were associated with CCT in two Singaporean populations. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within a 500 kb interval encompassing each candidate were analyzed, and in light of the resulting data, members of the Wnt pathway were subsequently screened using similar methodology.
Results: Variants within the 500 kb interval encompassing three candidate genes, DKK1 (rs1896368, p=1.32×10-3), DKK2 (rs17510449, p=7.34×10-4), and FOXO1 (rs7326616, p=1.56×10-4 and rs4943785, p=1.19×10-3), were statistically significantly associated with CCT in the Singapore Indian population. DKK2 was statistically significantly associated with CCT in a separate Singapore Malaysian population (rs10015200, p=2.26×10-3). Analysis of Wnt signaling pathway genes in each population demonstrated that TCF7L2 (rs3814573, p=1.18×10-3), RYK (rs6763231, p=1.12×10-3 and rs4854785, p=1.11×10-3), and FZD8 (rs640827, p=5.17×10-4) were statistically significantly associated with CCT.
Conclusions: The targeted GWAS identified four genes (DKK1, DKK2, RYK, and FZD8) with novel associations with CCT and confirmed known associations with two genes, FOXO1 and TCF7L2. All six participate in the Wnt pathway, supporting a broader role for Wnt signaling in regulating the thickness of the cornea. In parallel, this study demonstrated that a hypothesis-driven candidate gene approach can identify associations in existing GWAS data sets.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology
Fulltext A typical presentation of infective endocarditis

Loong YY, Fadzli A, Lim PH, Rakhi G

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2005;1(1):67-69.

We describe a patient who had fever and bilateral cortical blindness and was later found to have leaking intracerebral mycotic aneurysm secondary to Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis. He had a vegetation at the .tricuspid valve with evidence of systemic embolisation, however, chest radiograph did not reveal any evidence of pulmonary emboli.
Keywords: Endocarditis, cortical blindness, mycotic aneurysm, Staphylococcus

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology
Fulltext A woman with persistent fever and a skin lesion

Tai KS, Das Gupta E

Aust J Gen Pract, 2018 08;47(8):535-536.
PMID: 30114881
Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology
A*02 in southern Thai Muslims and central Thais

Chiewsilp P, Mongkolsuk T, Sujirachato K

J Med Assoc Thai, 1997 Sep;80 Suppl 1:S25-9.
PMID: 9347642

The HLA-A*02 subtyping in Thais was conducted and included in the 12th International Histocompatibility Workshop (12WS). A total of 81 randomized individuals previously serologically or DNA typed as A2 were studied for A2 subtypings. The subjects consisted of 32 Southern Thai-Muslims (STM) and 49 Central Thais (CT). The 12WS HLA-A*02 subtyping DNA typing kit was employed. The most common A*02 subtypes in STM were A*0203,*0201 and *0207 while they were A*0203, *0207 and *0201 in CT. A*0202, *0204, *0208, *0209, *0212, *0213, *0214, *0215, *0216 and *0217 were not found in both STM and CT. The 12WS data indicated that A*0201 was also the most frequent allele of A*2 among North-East Asians. A2 subtype study in 32 STM revealed that 2 in 8 of A*0201 showed the absence of bands at 813 bp and 705 bp with primer mix number 03A and 517A and weak reaction band with primer mix number 33A. In addition, 3 subjects with A*0201 variations have one nucleotide difference in exon 2 by sequence base typing (by MGJ. Tilanus) which will be reported separately.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology
ABCA1 gene polymorphisms and their associations with coronary artery disease and plasma lipids in males from three ethnic populations in Singapore

Tan JH, Low PS, Tan YS, Tong MC, Saha N, Yang H, et al.

Hum Genet, 2003 Jul;113(2):106-17.
PMID: 12709788

Mutations in the ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCA1 underlie Tangier disease and familial hypoalphaliproteinemia (FHA), disorders that are characterised by reduced high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration and cholesterol efflux, and increased coronary artery disease (CAD). We explored if polymorphisms in the ABCA1 gene are associated with CAD and variations in plasma lipid levels, especially HDL-C, and whether the associations may depend on ethnicity. Male cases and controls from the Singapore Chinese, Malay and Indian populations were genotyped for five ABCA1 single nucleotide polymorphisms. Various single-locus frequency distribution differences between cases and controls were detected in different ethnic groups: the promoter -14C>T in Indians, exon 18 M883I in Malays, and 3'-untranslated (UTR) region 8994A>G in Chinese. For the Malay population, certain haplotypes carrying the I825- A (exon 17) and M883- G alleles were more frequent among cases than controls, whereas the converse was true for the alternative configuration of V825- G and I883- A, and this association was reinforced in multi-locus disequilibrium analysis that utilized genotypic data. In the healthy controls, associations were found for -14C>T genotypes with HDL-C in Chinese; 237indelG (5'UTR) with apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) in Malays and total cholesterol (TC) in Indians; M883I with lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] in Malays and apolipoprotein B (apoB) in Chinese; and 8994A>G with Lp(a) in Malays, and TC, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) as well as apoB in Indians. While genotype-phenotype associations were not reproduced across populations and loci, V825I and M883I were clearly associated with CAD status in Malays with no effects on HDL-C or apoA1.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology

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