Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 128 in total

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  1. Fulltext Environmental and occupational health impact of bauxite mining in Malaysia: a review
    Lee, K.Y., Ho, L.Y., Tan, K.H., Tham, Y.Y., Ling, S.P., Qureshi, A.M., et al.
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2017;16(2):137-150.
    MyJurnal
    In the perspective of recent bauxite mining in Malaysia, this review aims to identify the potential
    environmental and health impacts on miners and surrounding communities. The environmental issues of
    bauxite mining include, air, water and soil pollution due to bauxite dust; leaching of bauxite into water
    sources resulting in reduced soil fertility as well as affecting agricultural food products and aquatic life.
    Bauxite occupational exposure affects the health of miners, and has negative consequences on the health of
    surrounding communities, such as increased respiratory symptoms, contamination of drinking water, other
    potential health risks from ingestion of bauxite and heavy metals, including noise-induced hearing loss and
    mental stress. This review discusses the processes of bauxite mining, its constituents and residual trace
    elements, and their impact on the environment and health of exposed workers and communities. It also
    explores the Malaysian legal requirements and standards of occupational exposure to bauxite.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drinking Water
  2. Characterisation of the leaching behaviour of coal fly ash with tank leaching test method
    Khoo KS, Lim AL, Sukiman Sarmani
    Sains Malaysiana, 2007;36:45-52.
    Characterisation of the leaching behaviour of coal fly ash from Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) by using tank leaching test method has been reported. The leachability of the constituents such as major elements and toxic metals in the coal fly ash was studied. Eight renewed leachant solutions after 6 hours, 1, 2, 5, 8, 21, 36 and 64 days were investigated after filtration. The parameters namely pH, cumulative release regarding the major elements and toxic metals to duration were presented. The results showed that the pH solutions increased from pH 4 to neutral and remained stable during the test. It might have resulted from the large buffering capacity of the coal fly ashes. Five major elements namely Al, Ca, K, Mg and Na were detected with Ca concentration in the leachant solutions was the highest for all samples. Toxic metals such as As, Ba, Co, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn were found and the test showed consistent results on the As, Ba, Mn, Se and Zn in leachant solutions. The findings also showed that some of the toxic metal concentrations namely As, Ba, Cr, Pb and Se exceeded the maximum allowance of the guideline of drinking water quality in Malaysia and WHO. Obviously, proper waste management has to be applied in this scenario.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drinking Water
  3. Selective magnetic mercury(ii) ion capturing ligand-doped silica gel for water analysis
    Khor SW, Lee YK, Tay KS
    Analyst, 2019 Mar 21;144(6):1968-1974.
    PMID: 30694266 DOI: 10.1039/c8an02362j
    Preparation of selective magnetic adsorbents for dispersive micro-solid phase extraction often involves multi-step reactions which are time consuming. This study demonstrates a simplified method for the synthesis of a magnetic adsorbent, which is selective towards the adsorption of mercury(ii) ions (Hg2+). In this method, the incorporation of a metal capturing ligand (3-oxo-1,3-diphenylpropyl-2-(naphthalen-2-ylamino) ethylcarbamodithioate) and the coating of magnetic particles with silica gel was performed in a single step. This adsorbent was then used in solid-phase microextraction for the preconcentration of Hg2+ in water. In this study, a mercury analyzer was used to quantify the Hg2+. Under optimized conditions, the developed analytical method achieved a low detection limit (4.0 ng L-1), satisfactory enrichment factor (96.4) and wide linearity range (50.0-5000 ng L-1) with a good coefficient of determination (0.9985) and good repeatability (<7%). The preconcentration factor of this method was 100. This proposed method was also successfully utilized for the determination of Hg2+ in drinking water, tap water and surface water with good recovery (>91%) and high intra-day and inter-day precision.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drinking Water
  4. Fulltext Iodine content in drinking water not an important determinant of endemic goitre
    Osman A, Khalida M, Azman AB, Jamil R, Tan TT, Wu LL, et al.
    Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 1993 Sep;2(3):115-8.
    PMID: 24352141
    The prevalence of goitre was determined in several communities in rural parts of Pahang. Urine specimens were collected randomly among the participants. Drinking water from various sources such as river and spring, and water from gravity feed systems was also collected to determine the iodine content by using the ashing method. The results were compared to that of Kuala Lumpur City. lt was found that the prevalence of goitre in rural areas was between 20 and 70% depending on village, ethnic group, age and gender. The interior parts of the jungle where Aborigines lived was moderately endemic with goitre prevalence of goitre more than 20% and urinary iodine content 2.0-5.0 μg I/dl). A nearby Malay traditional village which was studied had mild endemia (prevalence 10-30% and urinary iodine content 5.0-10.0 μg I/dl) while a Felda Malay resettlement scheme and Kuala Lumpur City did not have endemic goitre. Endemic goitre in rural areas was associated with low iodine content in drinking water. Even though Kuala Lumpur had low iodine content in its drinking water there was no endemic goitre, indicating that other factors were more important.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drinking Water
  5. Fulltext Comparison of the health implications on the use of As and Cd contaminated water supply between urban and rural communities
    Zailina H, Najibah H, Aiezzati AN, Praveena SM, Patimah I
    Biomed Res Int, 2014;2014:797603.
    PMID: 25530970 DOI: 10.1155/2014/797603
    A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) concentrations in blood, urine, and drinking water as well as the health implications on 100 residents in an urban and a rural community. Results showed the blood As, urinary Cd, DNA damage, and water As and Cs were significantly (P < 0.001) higher in the rural community. Findings showed significant (P < 0.005) correlations between blood As and DNA damage with household income, years of residence, and total glasses of daily water consumption among the rural residents. The urinary NAG concentrations, years of residence, milk powder intake (glass/week), and seafood intake (per week) were significantly correlated (P < 0.005) with urinary Cd concentrations among respondents. In addition, urinary Cd level significantly influenced the urinary NAG concentrations (P < 0.001). The rural respondents experienced significantly higher lymphocyte DNA damage and blood As influenced by their years of residence and water consumption. The Cd in drinking water also resulted in the rural respondents having significantly higher urinary NAG which had a significant relationship with urinary Cd.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drinking Water/chemistry*
  6. Detection of Salmonella bacterium in drinking water using microring resonator
    Bahadoran M, Noorden AF, Mohajer FS, Abd Mubin MH, Chaudhary K, Jalil MA, et al.
    Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol, 2016;44(1):315-21.
    PMID: 25133457 DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2014.948549
    A new microring resonator system is proposed for the detection of the Salmonella bacterium in drinking water, which is made up of SiO2-TiO2 waveguide embedded inside thin film layer of the flagellin. The change in refractive index due to the binding of the Salmonella bacterium with flagellin layer causes a shift in the output signal wavelength and the variation in through and drop port's intensities, which leads to the detection of Salmonella bacterium in drinking water. The sensitivity of proposed sensor for detecting of Salmonella bacterium in water solution is 149 nm/RIU and the limit of detection is 7 × 10(-4)RIU.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drinking Water/microbiology
  7. Fulltext Quorum sensing activity of Mesorhizobium sp. F7 isolated from potable water
    Yong PL, Chan KG
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:874764.
    PMID: 25177734 DOI: 10.1155/2014/874764
    We isolated a bacterial isolate (F7) from potable water. The strain was identified as Mesorhizobium sp. by 16S rDNA gene phylogenetic analysis and screened for N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) production by an AHL biosensor. The AHL profile of the isolate was further analyzed using high resolution triple quadrupole liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS) which confirmed the production of multiple AHLs, namely, N-3-oxo-octanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C8-HSL) and N-3-oxo-decanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C10-HSL). These findings will open the perspective to study the function of these AHLs in plant-microbe interactions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drinking Water/microbiology*
  8. Fulltext Comparative study on waterborne parasites between Malaysia and Thailand: A new insight
    Kumar T, Onichandran S, Lim YA, Sawangjaroen N, Ithoi I, Andiappan H, et al.
    Am J Trop Med Hyg, 2014 Apr;90(4):682-9.
    PMID: 24567315 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.13-0266
    This study investigated the distribution of parasites as main contaminants in water environments of peninsular Malaysia (October 2011-December 2011) and the southeastern coast of Thailand (June 2012). Sixty-four water samples, 33 from Malaysia and 31 from Thailand, of various water types were examined according to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency guidelines. Drinking or household water types from both countries were free from parasitic contamination. The recreational/environmental (except a swimming pool in Malaysia) and effluent water types from these two countries were contaminated with waterborne parasites: Giardia (0.04-4 cysts/L), Cryptosporidium (0.06-2.33 oocysts/L), hookworm (6.67-350 ova/L), Ascaris (0.33-33.33 ova/L), and Schistosoma (9.25-13.33 ova/L). The most contaminated sites were recreational lake garden 3 in Malaysia and river 2 in Thailand. Higher concentrations of Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and hookworm were found in samples from Malaysia than in samples from Thailand. The presence of Giardia cysts showed a significant association with the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts (P < 0.005).
    Matched MeSH terms: Drinking Water/parasitology*
  9. Occurrence of bisphenol A in surface water, drinking water and plasma from Malaysia with exposure assessment from consumption of drinking water
    Santhi VA, Sakai N, Ahmad ED, Mustafa AM
    Sci Total Environ, 2012 Jun 15;427-428:332-8.
    PMID: 22578698 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.04.041
    This study investigated the level of bisphenol A (BPA) in surface water used as potable water, drinking water (tap and bottled mineral water) and human plasma in the Langat River basin, Malaysia. BPA was present in 93% of the surface water samples at levels ranging from below limit of quantification (LOQ; 1.3 ng/L) to 215 ng/L while six fold higher levels were detected in samples collected near industrial and municipal sewage treatment plant outlets. Low levels of BPA were detected in most of the drinking water samples. BPA in tap water ranged from 3.5 to 59.8 ng/L with the highest levels detected in samples collected from taps connected to PVC pipes and water filter devices. Bottled mineral water had lower levels of BPA (3.3±2.6 ng/L) although samples stored in poor storage condition had significantly higher levels (11.3±5.3 ng/L). Meanwhile, only 17% of the plasma samples had detectable levels of BPA ranging from 0.81 to 3.65 ng/mL. The study shows that BPA is a ubiquitous contaminant in surface, tap and bottled mineral water. However, exposure to BPA from drinking water is very low and is less than 0.01% of the tolerable daily intake (TDI).
    Matched MeSH terms: Drinking Water/analysis*
  10. Fulltext Evaluation of minerals content of drinking water in Malaysia
    Azlan A, Khoo HE, Idris MA, Ismail A, Razman MR
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2012;2012:403574.
    PMID: 22649292 DOI: 10.1100/2012/403574
    The drinking and mineral water samples obtained from different geographical locations had concentrations of the selected minerals lower than the standard limits, except for manganese, arsenic, and fluoride. The concentrations of manganese and arsenic in two mineral water samples were slightly higher than the standard international recommended limits. One mineral water sample had a fluoride concentration higher than the standard limits, whereas manganese was not detected in nine drinking and mineral water samples. Most of the selected minerals found in the tap water samples were below the international standard limits, except for iron and manganese. The concentrations of iron and manganese in the tap water samples were higher than the standard limits, which were obtained from one and three of the studied locations, respectively. The potable water obtained from various manufacturers and locations in Peninsular Malaysia is safe for consumption, as the minerals concentrations were below the standard limits prescribed by the Malaysian Food Regulations of 1985. The data obtained may also provide important information related to daily intake of these minerals from drinking water.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drinking Water/chemistry*
  11. Remediation technologies for heavy metal contaminated groundwater
    Hashim MA, Mukhopadhyay S, Sahu JN, Sengupta B
    J Environ Manage, 2011 Oct;92(10):2355-88.
    PMID: 21708421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.06.009
    The contamination of groundwater by heavy metal, originating either from natural soil sources or from anthropogenic sources is a matter of utmost concern to the public health. Remediation of contaminated groundwater is of highest priority since billions of people all over the world use it for drinking purpose. In this paper, thirty five approaches for groundwater treatment have been reviewed and classified under three large categories viz chemical, biochemical/biological/biosorption and physico-chemical treatment processes. Comparison tables have been provided at the end of each process for a better understanding of each category. Selection of a suitable technology for contamination remediation at a particular site is one of the most challenging job due to extremely complex soil chemistry and aquifer characteristics and no thumb-rule can be suggested regarding this issue. In the past decade, iron based technologies, microbial remediation, biological sulphate reduction and various adsorbents played versatile and efficient remediation roles. Keeping the sustainability issues and environmental ethics in mind, the technologies encompassing natural chemistry, bioremediation and biosorption are recommended to be adopted in appropriate cases. In many places, two or more techniques can work synergistically for better results. Processes such as chelate extraction and chemical soil washings are advisable only for recovery of valuable metals in highly contaminated industrial sites depending on economical feasibility.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drinking Water*
  12. Measurements of 222Rn activity concentration in domestic water sources in Penang, northern peninsular Malaysia
    Muhammad BG, Jaafar MS, Azhar AR, Akpa TC
    Radiat Prot Dosimetry, 2012 Apr;149(3):340-6.
    PMID: 21642647 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncr230
    Measurements of (222)Rn activity concentration were carried out in 39 samples collected from the domestic and drinking water sources used in the island and mainland of Penang, northern peninsular, Malaysia. The measured activity concentrations ranged from 7.49 to 26.25 Bq l(-1), 0.49 to 9.72 Bq l(-1) and 0.58 to 2.54 Bq l(-1) in the raw, treated and bottled water samples collected, respectively. This indicated relatively high radon concentrations compared with that from other parts of the world, which still falls below the WHO recommended treatment level of 100 Bq l(-1). From this data, the age-dependent associated committed effective doses due to the ingestion of (222)Rn as a consequence of direct consumption of drinking water were calculated. The committed effective doses from (222)Rn resulting from 1 y's consumption of these water were estimated to range from 0.003 to 0.048, 0.001 to 0.018 and 0.002 to 0.023 mSv y(-1), for age groups 0-1, 2-16 and >16 y, respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drinking Water/analysis*
  13. Fulltext Determination of aluminium and physicochemical parameters in the palm oil estates water supply at Johor, Malaysia
    Siti Farizwana MR, Mazrura S, Zurahanim Fasha A, Ahmad Rohi G
    J Environ Public Health, 2010;2010:615176.
    PMID: 21461348 DOI: 10.1155/2010/615176
    The study was to determine the concentration of aluminium (Al) and study the physicochemical parameters (pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity, and residual chlorine) in drinking water supply in selected palm oil estates in Kota Tinggi, Johor. Water samples were collected from the estates with the private and the public water supplies. The sampling points were at the water source (S), the treatment plant outlet (TPO), and at the nearest houses (H1) and the furthest houses (H2) from the TPO. All estates with private water supply failed to meet the NSDWQ for Al with mean concentration of 0.99 ± 1.52 mg/L. However, Al concentrations in all public water supply estates were well within the limit except for one estate. The pH for all samples complied with the NSDWQ except from the private estates for the drinking water supply with an acidic pH (5.50 ± 0.90). The private water supply showed violated turbidity value in the drinking water samples (14.2 ± 24.1 NTU). Insufficient amount of chlorination was observed in the private water supply estates (0.09 ± 0.30 mg/L). Private water supplies with inefficient water treatment served unsatisfactory drinking water quality to the community which may lead to major health problems.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drinking Water/analysis*
  14. Simultaneous determination of three organophosphorus pesticides in different food commodities by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry
    Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy A, Yusop Z, Jaafar J, Bin Aris A, Abdul Majid Z, Umar K, et al.
    J Sep Sci, 2016 Jun;39(12):2276-83.
    PMID: 27095506 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600155
    A sensitive and selective gas chromatography with mass spectrometry method was developed for the simultaneous determination of three organophosphorus pesticides, namely, chlorpyrifos, malathion, and diazinon in three different food commodities (milk, apples, and drinking water) employing solid-phase extraction for sample pretreatment. Pesticide extraction from different sample matrices was carried out on Chromabond C18 cartridges using 3.0 mL of methanol and 3.0 mL of a mixture of dichloromethane/acetonitrile (1:1 v/v) as the eluting solvent. Analysis was carried out by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry using selected-ion monitoring mode. Good linear relationships were obtained in the range of 0.1-50 μg/L for chlorpyrifos, and 0.05-50 μg/L for both malathion and diazinon pesticides. Good repeatability and recoveries were obtained in the range of 78.54-86.73% for three pesticides under the optimized experimental conditions. The limit of detection ranged from 0.02 to 0.03 μg/L, and the limit of quantification ranged from 0.05 to 0.1 μg/L for all three pesticides. Finally, the developed method was successfully applied for the determination of three targeted pesticides in milk, apples, and drinking water samples each in triplicate. No pesticide was found in apple and milk samples, but chlorpyrifos was found in one drinking water sample below the quantification level.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drinking Water/analysis
  15. Removal of arsenic and iron removal from drinking water using coagulation and biological treatment
    Pramanik BK, Pramanik SK, Suja F
    J Water Health, 2016 Feb;14(1):90-6.
    PMID: 26837833 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2015.159
    Effects of biological activated carbon (BAC), biological aerated filter (BAF), alum coagulation and Moringa oleifera coagulation were investigated to remove iron and arsenic contaminants from drinking water. At an initial dose of 5 mg/L, the removal efficiency for arsenic and iron was 63% and 58% respectively using alum, and 47% and 41% respectively using Moringa oleifera. The removal of both contaminants increased with the increase in coagulant dose and decrease in pH. Biological processes were more effective in removing these contaminants than coagulation. Compared to BAF, BAC gave greater removal of both arsenic and iron, removing 85% and 74%, respectively. Longer contact time for both processes could reduce the greater concentration of arsenic and iron contaminants. The addition of coagulation (at 5 mg/L dosage) and a biological process (with 15 or 60 min contact time) could significantly increase removal efficiency, and the maximum removal was observed for the combination of alum and BAC treatment (60 min contact time), with 100% and 98.56% for arsenic and iron respectively. The reduction efficiency of arsenic and iron reduced with the increase in the concentration of dissolved organics in the feedwater due to the adsorption competition between organic molecules and heavy metals.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drinking Water/analysis*
  16. Maternal exposure to alkali, alkali earth, transition and other metals: Concentrations and predictors of exposure
    Hinwood AL, Stasinska A, Callan AC, Heyworth J, Ramalingam M, Boyce M, et al.
    Environ Pollut, 2015 Sep;204:256-63.
    PMID: 25984984 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.04.024
    Most studies of metals exposure focus on the heavy metals. There are many other metals (the transition, alkali and alkaline earth metals in particular) in common use in electronics, defense industries, emitted via combustion and which are naturally present in the environment, that have received limited attention in terms of human exposure. We analysed samples of whole blood (172), urine (173) and drinking water (172) for antimony, beryllium, bismuth, cesium, gallium, rubidium, silver, strontium, thallium, thorium and vanadium using ICPMS. In general most metals concentrations were low and below the analytical limit of detection with some high concentrations observed. Few factors examined in regression models were shown to influence biological metals concentrations and explained little of the variation. Further study is required to establish the source of metals exposures at the high end of the ranges of concentrations measured and the potential for any adverse health impacts in children.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drinking Water/analysis
  17. Fulltext Socio-Economic Factors Related to Drinking Water Source and Sanitation in Malaysia
    Kong YL, Anis-Syakira J, Fun WH, Balqis-Ali NZ, Shakirah MS, Sararaks S
    Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2020 10 29;17(21).
    PMID: 33137998 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217933
    Access to improved water and sanitation is essential. We describe these practices in Malaysia using data from a nationwide community survey and used logistic regression to assess the determinants. Of the 7978 living quarters (LQs), 58.3% were in urban areas. About 2.4%, 0.5% and 27.4% of LQs had non-improved water sources, non-improved toilet types and improper domestic waste disposal, respectively. Open burning was practiced by 26.1%. Water source was a problem for long houses (10.5%), squatters (8.5%) and shared houses (4.0%). Non-improved toilet types were 11.9% for squatters and 4.8% for shared houses. Improper domestic waste disposal practices were higher for occupants of village houses (64.2%), long houses (54.4%), single houses (45.8%) and squatters (35.6%). An increase in education or income level was associated with a decrease in improper domestic waste disposal methods. House type significantly affected water and sanitation after adjusting for the effects of other variables. Lower household income was associated with non-improved toilet types and improper domestic waste disposal. Lower education and rural location influenced domestic waste disposal. The water and toilet facilities in Malaysia were generally good, while domestic waste management practices could be improved. There remain pockets of communities with environmental challenges for the nation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drinking Water*
  18. Non-nutritive artificial sweeteners as an emerging contaminant in environment: A global review and risks perspectives
    Praveena SM, Cheema MS, Guo HR
    Ecotoxicol Environ Saf, 2019 Apr 15;170:699-707.
    PMID: 30580164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.12.048
    Generally, non-nutritive artificial sweeteners are widely utilized as sugar substitute in various applications. With various applications, non-nutritive artificial sweeteners are now being recognized as emerging contaminants with high water persistence and are chemically stable in environment. Although non-nutritive artificial sweeteners were documented on their occurrence in environment, yet their potential impacts to environment and human health remain ambiguous. Therefore, this review was prepared to provide a more comprehensive insight of non-nutritive artificial sweeteners in environment matrixes by highlighting special concerns on human health and environmental risks. Precisely, this review monitors the exploration of non-nutritive artificial sweeteners occurrences as an emerging contaminants in environment worldwide and their associated risks to human as well as environment. At present, there are a total of 24 non-nutritive artificial sweeteners' studies with regards to their occurrence in the environment from 38 locations globally, spanning across Europe including United Kingdoms, Canada, United States and Asia. Overall, the quantitative findings suggested that the occurrence of non-nutritive artificial sweeteners is present in surface water, tap water, groundwater, seawater, lakes and atmosphere. Among these environmental matrixes, surface water was found as the most studied matrix involving non-nutritive artificial sweeteners. However, findings on non-nutritive artificial sweeteners impacts on human health and environment are limited to understanding its overall potential impacts and risks. Additionally, this review also serves as a framework for future monitoring plans and environmental legislative to better control these emerging contaminants in environment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drinking Water/chemistry*
  19. The impact of stopping or reducing the level of fluoride in public water supplies on dental fluorosis: a systematic review
    Mohd Nor NA, Chadwick BL, Farnell DJ, Chestnutt IG
    Rev Environ Health, 2020 Nov 18;35(4):419-426.
    PMID: 32598322 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2019-0059
    OBJECTIVE: The increased availability of fluoride and concern over the impact of fluorosis, have led to guidance suggesting a decrease or cease in the optimal concentration of fluoride in water fluoridation schemes. To date there have been no systematic reviews looking at both impact of fluoride reduction and total cessation. This review aimed to examine the impact of stopping or reducing the level of fluoride in public water supplies on dental fluorosis.

    CONTENT: Multiple databases were searched (MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and the Web of Science). Two reviewers independently screened sources, extracted data and assessed study quality. Results were synthesised qualitatively and quantitatively. The main outcome measure was the prevalence of dental fluorosis.

    SUMMARY: Six studies of cross-sectional design were included. Two studies were scored as evidence level B (moderate) and the remaining four publications were evidence level C (poor). Meta-analysis indicated fluorosis prevalence was significantly decreased following either a reduction in the concentration of fluoride or cessation of adding fluoride to the water supply (OR:6.68; 95% CI:2.48 to 18.00).

    OUTLOOK: The evidence suggests a significant decrease in the prevalence of fluorosis post cessation or reduction in the concentration of fluoride added to the water supply. However, this work demonstrates that when studies are subject to current expectations of methodological and experimental rigour, there is limited evidence with low methodological quality to determine the effect of stopping or reducing the concentration of fluoride in the water supply on dental fluorosis.

    Matched MeSH terms: Drinking Water/analysis*
  20. EVALUATION OF RADON CONCENTRATION IN IRRIGATION AND DRINKING WATERS FROM THE EASTERN PART OF OMAN AND ESTIMATION OF EFFECTIVE DOSES TO OMANIS
    Nasser SM, Khandaker MU, Bradley DA, Isinkaye MO
    Radiat Prot Dosimetry, 2019 Oct 01;184(3-4):422-425.
    PMID: 31038706 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncz088
    The present study concerns measurement of the radon concentration in drinking and irrigation waters obtained from the eastern part of Oman, in particular in regard to water quality assessment of the region. The samples were collected from different places covering most types of water sources in the region. A passive and time-integrated track etch detector (LR-115 type II) combined with a high-resolution optical microscope has been used to obtain the radon concentration in the studied samples. Values of dissolved radon in water varied among the water sources; the highest concentration of radon was found to be 363 Bq m-3 in a drinking water sample while well water used for irrigation showed the lowest value, at 140 Bq m-3. Measured data for all water sources are below the permissible limit of 11.1 kBq m-3 recommended by the US-EPA. Annual effective doses for the studied samples were in the range 0.38-0.99 μSv y-1 which is significantly less than the action level recommended by the WHO (0.1 mSv y-1), indicating that the water sources in the Jalan BBH region of Oman are safe to use. The obtained data may serve as a reference for any future radiological study of the waterbody of this region.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drinking Water/analysis*
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