Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 676 in total

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  1. Childhood invasive pneumococcal disease: a hospital-based study from Malaysia
    Lim LH, Lee WS, Parasakthi N
    J Paediatr Child Health, 2007 May;43(5):366-9.
    PMID: 17489826
    New conjugate vaccine for Streptococcus pneumoniae has been introduced in Malaysia recently. Information on infection due to S. pneumoniae in Malaysian children is scarce. We conducted a retrospective chart review of childhood invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) presented to a single centre in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Streptococcus pneumoniae/pathogenicity*
  2. Fulltext Development of ListeriaBase and comparative analysis of Listeria monocytogenes
    Tan MF, Siow CC, Dutta A, Mutha NV, Wee WY, Heydari H, et al.
    BMC Genomics, 2015;16:755.
    PMID: 26444974 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1959-5
    Listeria consists of both pathogenic and non-pathogenic species. Reports of similarities between the genomic content between some pathogenic and non-pathogenic species necessitates the investigation of these species at the genomic level to understand the evolution of virulence-associated genes. With Listeria genome data growing exponentially, comparative genomic analysis may give better insights into evolution, genetics and phylogeny of Listeria spp., leading to better management of the diseases caused by them.
    Matched MeSH terms: Listeria monocytogenes/pathogenicity
  3. Comparative proteomic analysis of oil palm leaves infected with Ganoderma boninense revealed changes in proteins involved in photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and immunity and defense
    Jeffery Daim LD, Ooi TE, Ithnin N, Mohd Yusof H, Kulaveerasingam H, Abdul Majid N, et al.
    Electrophoresis, 2015 Aug;36(15):1699-710.
    PMID: 25930948 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400608
    The basidiomycete fungal pathogen Ganoderma boninense is the causative agent for the incurable basal stem rot (BSR) disease in oil palm. This disease causes significant annual crop losses in the oil palm industry. Currently, there is no effective method for disease control and elimination, nor is any molecular marker for early detection of the disease available. An understanding of how BSR affects protein expression in plants may help identify and/or assist in the development of an early detection protocol. Although the mode of infection of BSR disease is primarily via the root system, defense-related genes have been shown to be expressed in both the root and leafs. Thus, to provide an insight into the changes in the global protein expression profile in infected plants, comparative 2DE was performed on leaf tissues sampled from palms with and without artificial inoculation of the Ganoderma fungus. Comparative 2DE revealed that 54 protein spots changed in abundance. A total of 51 protein spots were successfully identified by LC-QTOF MS/MS. The majority of these proteins were those involved in photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism as well as immunity and defense.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ganoderma/pathogenicity*
  4. Fulltext Disseminated histoplasmosis in AIDS: a report of three patients
    Tan HJ, Cheong I, Muhaizan WM
    Med J Malaysia, 2000 Jun;55(2):259-62.
    PMID: 19839156
    Histoplasmosis is a fungal infection caused by Histoplasma capsulatum. Although uncommon, it should be considered among the list of important opportunistic infections in severely immunocompromised patients. Patients living with AIDS are at particular risk of disseminated histoplasmosis. Diagnosis requires a high level of clinical suspicion. The infection is best confirmed by demonstration of the organism in tissue specimens or by culture. Amphotericin B is the most effective drug for severe disseminated histoplasmosis. Response is good but life-long maintenance is required to prevent relapse.
    Matched MeSH terms: Histoplasma/pathogenicity
  5. In vitro demonstration of the invasive ability of Campylobacters
    Tay ST, Devi S, Puthucheary S, Kautner I
    Zentralbl. Bakteriol., 1996 Mar;283(3):306-13.
    PMID: 8861868
    By means of the gentamicin HEp-2 cell invasion assay, it was demonstrated that 82% of the Campylobacters tested were cell-invasive, including 83% of isolates from bloody diarrhoea and 80% of isolates from watery diarrhoea. The large number of invasive strains from watery diarrhoea suggests the possible role of invasiveness in the production of watery diarrhoea. Whether this stage can progress further to more severe symptoms such as bloody diarrhoea remains to be elucidated. Whether this progression to bloody diarrhoea occurs as a result of toxin production is still debatable. In Vero cells, invasion was less efficient and intracellular multiplication was not observed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Campylobacter/pathogenicity*
  6. Fulltext An outbreak of Bacillus cereus food poisoning in a school hostel, Klang
    Rampal L, Jegathesan M, Lim YS
    Med J Malaysia, 1984 Jun;39(2):116-22.
    PMID: 6439984
    A food poisoning outbreak affected 114 female Malay students staying in a religious secondary school hostel in Klang. The students developed an illness mainly characterized by abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and giddiness. The median incubation period in this outbreak was 2.5 hours. Laboratory examination of suspected food revealed 2.3 X10^6 Bacillus cereus organisms per gram of fried noodles. B. cereus was determined as the probable cause of this outbreak and the fried. noodles the most likely vehicle for the organism. An outbreak of B. cereus food poisoning is being reported in Malaysia for the first time.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacillus cereus/pathogenicity
  7. [Clostridium bifermentans serovar malaysia, a new anaerobic bacterium pathogen to mosquito and blackfly larvae]
    de Barjac H, Sebald M, Charles JF, Cheong WH, Lee HL
    C. R. Acad. Sci. III, Sci. Vie, 1990;310(9):383-7.
    PMID: 1972899
    A strain of Clostridium bifermentans individualized as serovar malaysia (C.b.m.) according to its specific H antigen is toxic to mosquito and blackfly larvae when given orally. The toxicity occurs in sporulated cells which contain, in addition to spores, proteinic parasporal inclusion bodies and feather-like appendages; the amino acid content of the inclusion bodies is similar to that of Bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis (B.t.i.) and B. sphaericus crystals. The toxicity to Anopheles stephensi is as high as that of B.t.i. and the best strains of B. sphaericus. Culex pipiens is somewhat less susceptible, and Aedes aegypti much less. Pure parasporal inclusion bodies, isolated by ultracentrifugation on sucrose gradients, are highly toxic to mosquito larvae. The larvicidal power is destroyed by heating at 80 degrees C or by treatment with 50 mM NaOH. It is preserved by freeze-drying. The innocuity to mice of the sporulated cells is shown by different routes of administration: force-feeding, percutaneous, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal or intravenous injections. The potential for the biological control of mosquito and blackfly larvae is suggested.
    Matched MeSH terms: Clostridium/pathogenicity*
  8. Fulltext Clinical and laboratory characteristics of rotavirus-associated diarrhoea
    Paranjothy M, Yap KL, Sabil D
    Med J Malaysia, 1987 Mar;42(1):31-5.
    PMID: 2828895
    A prospective clinical study comparing 74 cases of rotavirus-associated diarrhoea and 100 cases of non-rotavirus-associated diarrhoea revealed a higher incidence of vomiting to be the only significant difference in the former. Bloody stools were seen in about 5-10%, fever in about two-thirds and respiratory symptoms in a quarter of cases regardless of aetiology. The overwhelming majority had mild dehydration of the isonatremic type. Hypokalemia was noted in a quarter of the cases in both groups.
    Keywords: General Hospital Kuala Lumpur
    Matched MeSH terms: Rotavirus/pathogenicity
  9. Fulltext The glyoxylate cycle and alternative carbon metabolism as metabolic adaptation strategies of Candida glabrata: perspectives from Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    Chew SY, Chee WJY, Than LTL
    J Biomed Sci, 2019 Jul 13;26(1):52.
    PMID: 31301737 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0546-5
    BACKGROUND: Carbon utilization and metabolism are fundamental to every living organism for cellular growth. For intracellular human fungal pathogens such as Candida glabrata, an effective metabolic adaptation strategy is often required for survival and pathogenesis. As one of the host defence strategies to combat invading pathogens, phagocytes such as macrophages constantly impose restrictions on pathogens' access to their preferred carbon source, glucose. Surprisingly, it has been reported that engulfed C. glabrata are able to survive in this harsh microenvironment, further suggesting alternative carbon metabolism as a potential strategy for this opportunistic fungal pathogen to persist in the host.

    MAIN TEXT: In this review, we discuss alternative carbon metabolism as a metabolic adaptation strategy for the pathogenesis of C. glabrata. As the glyoxylate cycle is an important pathway in the utilization of alternative carbon sources, we also highlight the key metabolic enzymes in the glyoxylate cycle and its necessity for the pathogenesis of C. glabrata. Finally, we explore the transcriptional regulatory network of the glyoxylate cycle.

    CONCLUSION: Considering evidence from Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, this review summarizes the current knowledge of the glyoxylate cycle as an alternative carbon metabolic pathway of C. glabrata.

    Matched MeSH terms: Candida glabrata/pathogenicity*
  10. Fulltext Helicobacter pylori Infection and Related Gastrointestinal Diseases in Southeast Asian Countries: An Expert Opinion Survey
    Quach DT, Vilaichone RK, Vu KV, Yamaoka Y, Sugano K, Mahachai V
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2018 Dec 25;19(12):3565-3569.
    PMID: 30583684
    Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is currently considered as an infectious disease irrespective of symptoms and stage of disease. This study aimed to survey the impact of H. pylori infection and the current management approaches in Southeast Asian countries.
    Materials and methods: This is a survey among 26 experts from 9 Southeast Asian countries (Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam), who attended a meeting to develop the ASEAN consensus on H. pylori management in November 2015.
    Results: The prevalence of H. pylori varied significantly from 20% to 69% among countries, highest in Myanmar and lowest in Malaysia. The rate of H. pylori infection in patients with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer (GC) also varied significantly, not only among countries but also among regions within the same country. The most common method for H. pylori diagnosis before treatment was rapid urease test, followed by urea breath test. In multi-ethnic countries, some ethnic groups including Chinese, Batak and Minahasanese were considered as having higher risk of GC. There have been no national screening programs for GC in all countries, and a majority of patients with GC were diagnosed in advanced stages with very poor 5-year survival.
    Conclusions: The prevalence of H. pylori infection and its infection rates in related gastrointestinal diseases were significantly different among Southeast Asian countries. The prognosis of patients with GC in the region was very poor. The result of this survey is a platform for future international and regional research collaboration.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helicobacter pylori/pathogenicity
  11. Golden SusPtrit: a genetically well transformable barley line for studies on the resistance to rust fungi
    Yeo FK, Hensel G, Vozábová T, Martin-Sanz A, Marcel TC, Kumlehn J, et al.
    Theor Appl Genet, 2014 Feb;127(2):325-37.
    PMID: 24247233 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-013-2221-7
    KEY MESSAGE: We developed 'Golden SusPtrit', i.e., a barley line combining SusPtrit's high susceptibility to non-adapted rust fungi with the high amenability of Golden Promise for transformation. Nonhost and partial resistance to Puccinia rust fungi in barley are polygenically inherited. These types of resistance are principally prehaustorial, show high diversity between accessions of the plant species and are genetically associated. To study nonhost and partial resistance, as well as their association, candidate gene(s) for resistance must be cloned and tested in susceptible material where SusPtrit would be the line of choice. Unfortunately, SusPtrit is not amenable to Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Therefore, a doubled haploid (DH) mapping population (n = 122) was created by crossing SusPtrit with Golden Promise to develop a 'Golden SusPtrit', i.e., a barley line combining SusPtrit's high susceptibility to non-adapted rust fungi with the high amenability of Golden Promise for transformation. We identified nine genomic regions occupied by resistance quantitative trait loci (QTLs) against four non-adapted rust fungi and P. hordei isolate 1.2.1 (Ph.1.2.1). Four DHs were selected for an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation efficiency test. They were among the 12 DH lines most susceptible to the tested non-adapted rust fungi. The most efficiently transformed DH line was SG062N (11-17 transformants per 100 immature embryos). The level of non-adapted rust infection on SG062N is either similar to or higher than the level of infection on SusPtrit. Against Ph.1.2.1, the latency period conferred by SG062N is as short as that conferred by SusPtrit. SG062N, designated 'Golden SusPtrit', will be a valuable experimental line that could replace SusPtrit in nonhost and partial resistance studies, especially for stable transformation using candidate genes that may be involved in rust-resistance mechanisms.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fungi/pathogenicity*
  12. Antagonistic effects of intestinal Lactobacillus isolates on pathogens of chicken
    Jin LZ, Ho YW, Abdullah N, Ali MA, Jalaludin S
    Lett Appl Microbiol, 1996 Aug;23(2):67-71.
    PMID: 8987444
    Twelve Lactobacillus strains isolated from chicken intestine, which demonstrated a strong and moderate capacity to adhere to the ileal epithelial cells in vitro, were used to investigate their inhibitory ability against five strains of salmonella, i.e. Salmonella enteritidis 935/79, Salm. pullorum, Salm. typhimurium, Salm. blockley and Salm. enteritidis 94/448, and three serotypes of Escherichia coli, viz. E. coli O1:K1, O2:K1 and O78:K80. The results showed that all the 12 Lactobacillus isolates were able to inhibit the growth of the five strains of salmonella, and the three strains of E. coli in varying degrees. Generally, they were more effective in inhibiting the growth of salmonella than E. coli. Inhibition of the pathogenic bacteria was probably due to the production of organic acids by the Lactobacillus isolates.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lactobacillus/pathogenicity*
  13. Adaptation of the metabolomics profile of rice after Pyricularia oryzae infection
    Azizi P, Osman M, Hanafi MM, Sahebi M, Yusop MR, Taheri S
    Plant Physiol Biochem, 2019 Nov;144:466-479.
    PMID: 31655345 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.10.014
    Pyricularia oryzae (P. oryzae), one of the most devastating fungal pathogens, is the cause of blast disease in rice. Infection with a blast fungus induces biological responses in the host plant that lead to its survival through the termination or suppression of pathogen growth, and metabolite compounds play vital roles in plant interactions with a wide variety of other organisms. Numerous studies have indicated that rice has a multi-layered plant immune system that includes pre-developed (e.g., cell wall and phytoanticipins), constitutive and inducible (phytoalexins) defence barriers against stresses. Significant progress towards understanding the basis of the molecular mechanisms underlying the defence responses of rice to P. oryzae has been achieved. Nonetheless, even though the important metabolites in the responses of rice to pathogens have been identified, their exact mechanisms and their contributions to plant immunity against blast fungi have not been elucidated. The purpose of this review is to summarize and discuss recent advances towards the understanding of the integrated metabolite variations in rice after P. oryzae invasion.
    Matched MeSH terms: Magnaporthe/pathogenicity
  14. Pathogenic leptospiras isolated from Malaysian surface waters
    Alexander AD, Evans LB, Baker MF, Baker HJ, Ellison D, Marriapan M
    Appl Microbiol, 1975 Jan;29(1):30-3.
    PMID: 1110490
    Pathogenic leptospiras (1,424) isolated from natural waters and wet soils in Malaysia comprised 29 different serovars (synonym serotypes). All except two of the serovars had been found previously in Malaysia. The exceptional serovars were werrasingha, an Autumnalis serogroup member originally isolated in Ceylon, and a new serovar designated evansi. Serovar evansi had serological affinities with serovar ranarum which was isolated from the kidney of a frog in Iowa. The large variety of serovars found in jungle areas was consistent with similar previous findings of diverse serovar infections in troops who had operated in Malaysian jungles.
    Matched MeSH terms: Leptospira/pathogenicity
  15. Fulltext Viruses join the circular RNA world
    Tan KE, Lim YY
    FEBS J, 2021 08;288(15):4488-4502.
    PMID: 33236482 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15639
    Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a recently discovered class of noncoding RNAs found in many species across the eukaryotic kingdom. These intriguing RNA species are formed through a unique mechanism that is known as back splicing in which the 5' and 3' termini are covalently joined. Recent research has revealed that viruses also encode a repertoire of circRNAs. Some of these viral circRNAs are abundantly expressed and are reported to play a role in disease pathogenesis. A growing number of studies also indicate that host circRNAs are involved in immune responses against virus infections with either an antiviral or proviral role. In this review, we briefly introduce circRNA, its biogenesis, and mechanism of action. We go on to summarize the latest research on the expression, regulation, and functions of viral and host-encoded circRNAs during the host-virus interaction, with the aim of highlighting the potential of viral and host circRNAs as a suitable target for diagnostic biomarker development and therapeutic treatment of viral-associated diseases. We conclude by discussing the current limitations in knowledge and significance of elucidating the roles of circRNAs in host-virus interactions, as well as future directions for this emerging field.
    Matched MeSH terms: Viruses/pathogenicity
  16. In-vitro and in-vivo studies of a cytotoxin from Campylobacter jejuni
    Pang T, Wong PY, Puthucheary SD, Sihotang K, Chang WK
    J Med Microbiol, 1987 May;23(3):193-8.
    PMID: 3585956
    Studies were performed on a cytotoxin (CT) from human strains of Campylobacter jejuni isolated in Malaysia. CT was detected by cytopathic effect (CPE) on HeLa cells at titres from 8 to 32, in culture filtrates from 14 (48%) of 29 human isolates. The CPE correlated well with a quantitative 51Cr-release assay where a specific release of 54-68% was noted. CT production was lost after 5-7 subcultures. CT activity was also detected in 5 (26%) of 19 faecal filtrates from which CT-producing isolates were subsequently obtained. The mol. wt of CT was estimated by Sephadex G-50 chromatography to be greater than 30,000. In a suckling-mouse assay, CT consistently failed to demonstrate fluid accumulation after intragastric inoculation of culture filtrate. The Removable Intestinal Tie Adult Rabbit Diarrhoea (RITARD) assay was also used. Rabbits given CT-producing strains of C. jejuni developed bacteraemia and severe watery mucus-containing diarrhoea for the duration of the experiment with death of some animals. Rabbits given CT non-producing strains had less severe disease and none died. Rabbits given partially-purified CT had diarrhoea for 3 days but none died.
    Matched MeSH terms: Campylobacter fetus/pathogenicity
  17. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: pathogenesis model using Caenorhabditis elegans
    Thomas R, Hamat RA, Neela V
    J Med Microbiol, 2013 Nov;62(Pt 11):1777-1779.
    PMID: 23988629 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.063230-0
    Matched MeSH terms: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia/pathogenicity*
  18. In vitro adhesion and invasion by Cladosporium sphaerospermum in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) and human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells (HPAEpiC)
    Lo SG, Wong SF, Mak JW, Choo KK, Ng KP
    Trop Biomed, 2019 Dec 01;36(4):958-971.
    PMID: 33597466
    Cladosporium spores are ubiquitous in indoor and outdoor environment and may potentially trigger allergic responses upon inhalation. To date, there is limited investigation on the fate of Cladosporium spores after being inhaled into the respiratory tract. This study was conducted to investigate the interaction of Cladosporium sphaerospermum with Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells (BEAS-2B) and Human Pulmonary Alveolar Epithelial Cells (HPAEpiC). C. sphaerospermum conidia were harvested and co-cultured with BEAS-2B or HPAEpiC cells for 72 hours. At each time point (30 minutes, 2, 4, 24, 48 and 72 hours), adherence and invasion of the cells by C. sphaerospermum conidia (and hyphae) were investigated by immunofluorescence staining. This study demonstrated the adherence and internalization of C. sphaerospermum conidia within these epithelial cells. In addition, the conidia were able to germinate and invade the epithelial cells. The ability of the fungal conidia to adhere, internalize, germinate and invade both the bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells of the respiratory tract in vitro might contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of Cladosporium in respiratory infection and allergy in vivo.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cladosporium/pathogenicity*
  19. Evaluation of intestinal damage caused by V. cholerae O139, an in vivo study
    Murugaiah C, Noor NZ, Mustafa S, Manickam R, Pattabhiraman L
    Microb Pathog, 2017 Apr;105:25-29.
    PMID: 28179117 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.02.002
    Cholera, a severe form of gastroenteritis, is one of the most widespread diseases in developing countries. The mechanism of intestinal infection caused by V. cholerae O139 remains unclear. In order to explore some morphological aspects of its infection in the intestine including Peyer's patches, we investigated the V. cholerae O139 infection at intestinal site of the rabbit gut-loop model. The electron microscopic analysis revealed denuded mucosal surface with loss of microvilli and integrity of the surface epithelium. Infection of the intestine with V. cholerae O139 induces destruction of villi, microvilli and lining epithelium with exposure of crypts of Lieberkuhn.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vibrio cholerae O139/pathogenicity*
  20. Recurrence of influenza with A2-Hong Kong-68 within two months
    Kamath S, Omar M, Wah LT
    Med J Malaya, 1970 Dec;25(2):123-7.
    PMID: 4251133
    Matched MeSH terms: Orthomyxoviridae/pathogenicity
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