MyMedR

Fulltext Chemical composition and in vitro antitrypanosomal activity of fractions of essential oil from Cymbopogon nardus L

Muhd Haffiz J, Norhayati I, Getha K, Nor Azah MA, Mohd Ilham A, Lili Sahira H, et al.

Trop Biomed, 2013 Mar;30(1):9-14.

PMID: 23665703 MyJurnal

Essential oil from Cymbopogon nardus was evaluated for activity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei BS221 (IC50 = 0.31 ± 0.03 μg/mL) and cytotoxic effect on normal kidney (Vero) cells (IC50 = >100 μg/mL). The crude essential oil was subjected to various chromatography techniques afforded active sub fractions with antitrypanosomal activity; F4 (IC50 = 0.61 ± 0.06 μg/mL), F6 (IC50= 0.73 ± 0.33 μg/mL), F7 (IC50 = 1.15 ± 0 μg/mL) and F8 (IC50 = 1.11 ± 0.01 μg/mL). These active fractions did not exhibit any toxic effects against Vero cell lines and the chemical profiles investigation indicated presence of α-and γ-eudesmol, elemol, α-cadinol and eugenol by GC/MS analysis.

Matched MeSH terms: Epithelial Cells/drug effects; Epithelial Cells/physiology; Vero Cells

Effects of dairy processing on phospholipidome, in-vitro digestion and Caco-2 cellular uptake of bovine milk

Mou B, Liu Y, Yang W, Song S, Shen C, Lai OM, et al.

Food Chem, 2021 Dec 01;364:130426.

PMID: 34175616 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130426

Present work investigated the effects of processing (homogenization, sterilization) and cold storage on physicochemical properties, in vitro digestion and Caco-2 cellular uptake of bovine milk. Extreme heat sterilization and low temperature storage have significant impact on particle size and phospholipidome of bovine milk. In addition, cold storage of bovine milks led to formation of β' polymorphs crystals and endothermic peak with Toffset higher than body temperature. Processing and cold storage also increased the initial digestibility but reduced the overall digestibility of bovine milk. This might be related to the decreased particle size of the milk fat globules, changed in the phospholipidome of the MFGM and formation of β' polymorphs crystals in frozen milk. It is interesting to note that PE has relatively faster digestion meanwhile SM has relatively slower digestion. HTST milk which demonstrated lesser changed in terms of phospholipidome demonstrated highest cellular uptakes of most fatty acids.

Matched MeSH terms: Caco-2 Cells

Fulltext Growth of Hepatocellular Carcinoma into the Right Atrium with Associated Pulmonary Tumour Emboli

Amran, A.R., Ranganathan, S.

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2006;5(1):1-5.

MyJurnal

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) presenting with right atrial metastases and pulmonary tumour embolism is rare . Intracavitary cardiac metastasis is uncommon and metastasis to the right atrium is even less common. The majority of such cases are believed to be due to advanced HCC such as Stage III or IV, in which the progression rate is high, and in infiltrative HCC it tends to be associated with vascular invasion. The diagnosis of pulmonary intravascular tumour emboli is difficult to establish both clinically and with conventional radiographic studies. We report a case hepatocellular carcinoma associated with tumour thrombus in the inferior vena cava (IVC), right atrium and pulmonary tumour embolism detected with multidetector helical computerized tomography (MDHCT).

Matched MeSH terms: Neoplastic Cells, Circulating

Fulltext Ancient Schwannoma Of The Facial Nerve: An Unusual Histological Variant Of A Rare Disease

Baharudin, A., Din Suhaimi, S., Omar, E.

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2006;5(2):1-4.

MyJurnal

Schwannomas are benign slow growing lesions arising from the Schwann cells that ensheath the axons of the peripheral, cranial and autonomic nervous systems. Intracranial schwannomas develop from the facial nerve much more rarely than from the vestibular or trigeminal nerves. Ancient schwannoma is an unusual histological variant of this rare disease. A 48 years old man who had recurrent facial nerve paralysis and right external auditory mass is presented in this case report.

Matched MeSH terms: Schwann Cells

Fulltext Advances in immunotherapy using dendritic cells

Radhakrishnan, Ammu Kutty

International e-Journal of Science, Medicine & Education, 2012;6(10):0-0.

MyJurnal

The immune system is the host natural defence against cancer. Cancers are caused by progressive growth of the progeny of a single transformed host cell. The immune system is generally not able to mount immune responses to “self-antigens”, due to various mechanisms of immunological tolerance that are in place. This means that despite possessing a natural defence against tumours, many of the cancer patients may not be able
to mount an effective immune response to fight the tumours. Dendritic cells (DC) are highly specialised in antigen presenting that can initiate and stimulate immune responses. These cells have the ability to stimulate naïve T cell proliferation and perform specific stimulatory and tolerogenic functions respectively. When the DC are activated by antigens, these cells
undergoes further maturation and migrate to secondary lymphoid tissues, present antigen to T cells and finally induce an immune response. The ability of the DC to activate naïve and primed T-lymphocytes makes these cells a good candidate to be explored as a potential immunotherapeutic agent that can modulate antitumour immune responses in the affected host.

Matched MeSH terms: Dendritic Cells

Fulltext Quantification of coral sperm collected during a synchronous spawning event

Teo A, Guest JR, Neo ML, Vicentuan K, Todd PA

PeerJ, 2016;4:e2180.

PMID: 27478697 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2180

Most studies of coral reproductive biology to date have focused on oocyte numbers and sizes. Only one (ex situ) study has enumerated sperm numbers, even though these data have multiple potential applications. We quantified total coral sperm and eggs per gamete bundle collected from six species in situ during a synchronous spawning event in Singapore. Egg-sperm bundles were captured midwater as they floated towards the surface after being released by the colony. For each sample, a semi-transparent soft plastic bottle was squeezed and released to create a small suction force that was used to 'catch' the bundles. This technique provided several advantages over traditional methods, including low cost, ease of use, no diving prior to the night of collection needed, and the ability to target specific areas of the colony. The six species sampled were Echinophyllia aspera, Favites abdita, F. chinensis, Merulina ampliata, M. scabricula and Platygyra pini. The mean number of sperm packaged within one egg-sperm bundle ranged from 2.04 × 10(6) to 1.93 × 10(7). The mean number of eggs per egg-sperm bundle ranged from 26.67 (SE ± 3.27) to 85.33 (SE ± 17.79). These data are critical for fertilisation success models, but the collection technique described could also be applied to studies requiring in situ spawning data at the polyp level.

Matched MeSH terms: Germ Cells

Fulltext Recent advance s in pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy of glaucoma

Agarwal R

Medical Health Reviews, 2009;2009(1):75-93.

MyJurnal

Glaucoma, recognized as optic neuropathy is the second largest cause of blindness worldwide. The disease is characterized by progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells and visual field defects. The pathophysiological factors involved in the onset and progression of glaucoma are not fully understood. However, it is now well accepted that elevated intraocular pressure is not the only causative factor. The pathophysiology of glaucoma involves multiple factors that interact in a highly complex manner to favor development of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. As the knowledge of molecular mechanisms involved is expanding, more and more therapeutic targets are being recognized for the development of safe and effective pharmacotherapy of glaucoma. Although at present the intraocular pressure lowering drugs are still the first line of treatment, the prospect of introducing neuroprotective therapies that can directly protect and perhaps stimulate regeneration of dying and dead retinal ganglion cells, shows considerable promise. This review presents recent developments in the pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy of glaucoma.

Matched MeSH terms: Retinal Ganglion Cells

Fulltext Micro-Computed Tomography Detection of Gold Nanoparticle-Labelled Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Rat Subretinal Layer

Mok PL, Leow SN, Koh AE, Mohd Nizam HH, Ding SL, Luu C, et al.

Int J Mol Sci, 2017 Feb 08;18(2).

PMID: 28208719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020345

Mesenchymal stem cells are widely used in many pre-clinical and clinical settings. Despite advances in molecular technology; the migration and homing activities of these cells in in vivo systems are not well understood. Labelling mesenchymal stem cells with gold nanoparticles has no cytotoxic effect and may offer suitable indications for stem cell tracking. Here, we report a simple protocol to label mesenchymal stem cells using 80 nm gold nanoparticles. Once the cells and particles were incubated together for 24 h, the labelled products were injected into the rat subretinal layer. Micro-computed tomography was then conducted on the 15th and 30th day post-injection to track the movement of these cells, as visualized by an area of hyperdensity from the coronal section images of the rat head. In addition, we confirmed the cellular uptake of the gold nanoparticles by the mesenchymal stem cells using transmission electron microscopy. As opposed to other methods, the current protocol provides a simple, less labour-intensive and more efficient labelling mechanism for real-time cell tracking. Finally, we discuss the potential manipulations of gold nanoparticles in stem cells for cell replacement and cancer therapy in ocular disorders or diseases.

Matched MeSH terms: Stem Cells

Drug Encapsulated Nanoparticles for Treating Targeted Cells

Suk KH, Gopinath SCB

Curr Med Chem, 2017;24(30):3310-3321.

PMID: 28464786 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170502122444

BACKGROUND: Drug encapsulated nanoparticle has the potency to act as an effective antidote for various diseases. It is possible to enhance the bioavailability of drug encapsulated nanoparticle, whereby the yield is significantly higher compared to the standard formulation. The development with drug encapsulated nanoparticle has been improved drastically after demonstrating its capability of showing the enhanced thermophysical properties and stability of the drug. It is also utilized widely in cancer diagnoses, whereby the surface of the nanoparticle can be modified to enable the nanocarriers to reach the targeted location. Thus, the encapsulated nanoparticle can reveal neural stem cell differentiation due to the multifaceted nature and the biophysical cues to control the cell differentiation.

OBJECTIVE: In this overview, different advantages of the drug encapsulated nanoparticle for the downstream applications are narrated with its appealing characteristics.

CONCLUSION: The application of the drug encapsulated nanoparticle is unrestricted as it can be customized to the specific target cell in the living system.

Matched MeSH terms: Neural Stem Cells/cytology; Neural Stem Cells/drug effects; Neural Stem Cells/metabolism

Presumptive X monosomy in black rats from Malaya

Hoi-Sen Y

Nature, 1971 Aug 13;232(5311):484-5.

PMID: 4937212

Matched MeSH terms: Bone Marrow Cells

Fulltext Cytogenetics and molecular genetic tests for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia

Mohd Khairi Zahry, Ankathil, Ravindran

Buletin Persatuan Genetik Malaysia, 2008;14(1):9-11.

MyJurnal

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is a clonal disorder thought to originate in a single abnormal haematopoietic stem cell. This myeloproliferative fatal stem cell disorder comprises
approximately 14% of all leukemias. In most cases, CML runs a triphasic course, which includes an initial chronic phase that transforms eventually into a blastic phase resembling acute leukemia. In 60%- 80% of patients, an intermediate or accelerated phase precedes the terminal blastic phase. Accelerated phase and blastic phase sometimes are lumped together and considered to be
advanced phase CML. The entire continuum from chronic phase to blastic phase lasts a median of 3 to 5 years . This time period can be broken down in to the chronic phase which if untreated,
lasts for 2 to 5 years and finally the fatal blastic phase, which lasts from 3 to 6 months. A patient can present in any of these 3 stages.

Matched MeSH terms: Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Fulltext The relevance of micrornas in vascular aging

Wong PF, Jong HL

JUMMEC, 2014;17(2):1-6.

MyJurnal

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, single-stranded non-coding RNAs that control gene expression by annealing to complementary sequences in mRNAs. They are estimated to regulate at least one third of human transcripts and hence, manipulation of these miRNAs can profoundly affect the proteome and ultimately cellular phenotypes. A substantial amount of work has shed light on the crucial roles of miRNAs in diseases. miRNA expression profiles between normal and diseased tissues have identified miRNA signature patterns that correlate to disease development and progression. This review discusses some of the important miRNAs that are involved in endothelial cell senescence and dysfunction that contribute to the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases.

Matched MeSH terms: Endothelial Cells

Fulltext Proteomics of chondrogenesis: a review

Tay, L.X.

JUMMEC, 2015;18(1):1-8.

MyJurnal

Osteoarthritis (OA) affects millions of people worldwide with its irreversible destruction of articular cartilage. Recently, the potential of using chondrogenic differentiated multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (cMSCs) for OA treatment is being assessed. Preliminary clinical studies have been encouraging. However current studies have also demonstrated that cMSCs are not biochemically and biomechanically identical to native articular chondrocytes (ACs). Thus, there is an urgent need for the implementation of proteomic applications as proteomics involve protein identification, relative quantification of proteins and studies of post-translational modification which reveal novel regulating processes of complex mechanisms such as in chondrogenesis. A comprehensive understanding of chondrogenesis is essential for the establishment of an effective cMSC model to regenerate cartilage. In this article, we will review current proteomic studies on chondrogenesis, focusing on recent findings and the proteomic approaches utilised.

Matched MeSH terms: Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

Fulltext Review Article: Stem Cell Therapy in Orthopaedic Surgery:Current Status and Ethical Considerations

Hui,J.H.P., Azura M., Lee, E.H.

Malays Orthop J, 2009;3(1):4-12.

MyJurnal

Regenerative medicine using stem cell therapy has sparked much interest in this 21st century not only because of the controversies that surround the ethics involving pluripotent stem cells but their potential for use in the clinic. The ability of stem cells to repair and regenerate new tissues and organs holds tremendous promise for the treatment of many serious diseases and injuries. This review provides a brief summary of the current status of research in stem cells with special emphasis on where we are in terms of the possible clinical application of stem cell therapy in orthopaedic surgery. We look at the available evidence and examine the ethical issues and considerations associated with the clinical use of stem cells.

Matched MeSH terms: Pluripotent Stem Cells

Fulltext The oral mucosa and Langerhans cells in smokers: Evidence for carcinogenesis

Khoo SP, Lee, K.W.

Ann Dent, 1995;2(1):-.

MyJurnal

A study was carried out to investigate whether smoking had any effect on the Langerhans cells in the oral mucosa, which might throw light onto the mechanism of malignant transformation of some keratotic lesions in the oral cavity. Thirty-two cases of keratotic lesions from biopsy specimens of smokers and non-smokers were studied. Langerhans cells were identified by immuno cytochemical staining for 5100 proteins and their densities quantified. Smokers were associated with a significant reduction in the Langerhans cell population compared to non-smokers. The mean values of Langellans cell density in light smokers and heavy smokers were 2 2 2 28.64/mm and 33.421mm respectively compared to 66.51/mm in non- smokers. There was a dose-response relation between the number of cigarettes smoked daily and the effect on cell counts. These findings of a local immunological effect of smoking on oral epithelium may explain the means by which cigarette smoking contributes to the development of oral cancer.

Matched MeSH terms: Langerhans Cells

Fulltext Antimicrorobial evaluation of sodium hypochlorite and ozonated water on E. faecalis biofilm

Ibrahim, N.Z., Abdullah, M.

Ann Dent, 2008;15(1):20-26.

MyJurnal

This study aim to evaluate antimicrobial efficacy of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and ozonated water against Enterococci faecalis biofilm. The bacterial biofilm was exposed to 2.62%, 1.31% NaOCl and 0.1 ppm ozonated water over a range of time periods. The presence of viable cells was determined by enumeration of colony forming units (CFU). All experiments were repeated four times (n=4). The effectiveness of the agents was compared using nonparametric Kruskal- Wallis test. The result revealed that 2.62% of NaOCl can completely kill E. faecalis biofilm in 15 minutes whereas 1.31 % NaOCl required a longer time to produce such effect. 0.1 ppm ozonated, however, did not exhibit any antimicrobial effect within the period of time tested. From this study, it can be concluded that 0.1 ppm ozonated water was not comparable with 2.62% and 1.31% NaOCl in antimicrobial efficacy against E. faecalis biofilm.

Matched MeSH terms: Stem Cells

Fulltext Genotoxicity assessment of locally produced dental nanocomposite using Comet assay

Siti Robayah Mohd Zakri, Kannan, Thirumulu Ponnuraj, Nora Aziz, Siti Fadilah Abdullah, Dasmawati Mohamad, Ismail Ab Rahman, et al.

Archives of Orofacial Sciences, 2011;6(1):15-20.

MyJurnal

The aim of this study was to determine the genotoxicity of a locally produced nanocomposite by Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia using Comet assay. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) were treated with the nanocomposite at five different concentrations (0.006, 0.0125, 0.025, 0.05, and 0.1 mg/ml) along with concurrent negative (medium alone) and positive control (zinc sulfate heptahydrate) and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours in an incubator at 5% CO2. The tail moment was used to assess the extent of DNA damage. The tail moment for the group of SHED treated with nanocomposite (for all the five different concentrations) was not statistically significant as compared to the negative control, suggesting that the locally produced dental nanocomposite did not induce any DNA damage. Hence, it can be concluded that the locally produced nanocomposite is non-genotoxic on stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth.

Matched MeSH terms: Stem Cells

Fulltext Adipose-derived stem cells in tissue engineering: laboratory to bedside

Halim, A.S., Mohaini, M., L, Chin Keong

JUMMEC, 2013;16(2):1-10.

MyJurnal

Human adipose tissue has been recognized as an alternative source of adult stem cells. The abundance and ease of harvest of adipose tissue has made it suitable for use in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Adipose-derived stem cells isolated from human adipose tissue are able to differentiate into several mesenchymal lineages and secrete growth factors that exhibit therapeutic potential. Protein profiles have been established using various isolation methods, which has expanded researchers’ understanding of adipose-derived stem cells in clinical applications. This review highlights the properties, isolation methods, immunophenotype and clinical applications of adipose-derived stem cells.

Matched MeSH terms: Adult Stem Cells

Fulltext A review on hydroxyapatite-based scaffolds as a potential bone graft substitute for bone tissue engineering applications

Krishnamurithy, G.

JUMMEC, 2013;16(2):1-6.

MyJurnal

The biocompatibility and similarity of hydroxyapatite (HA) to the mineral composition of the bone has made HA a potential candidate in bone tissue engineering (BTE). Over the past few decades, its application as bone graft in combination with stem cells has gained much importance. The use of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) will enhance the rate and quality of defect repair. However, application of hydroxyapatite as a material to develop a 3-dimension scaffold or carrier to support MSCs in vitro is still in its infant stage. This review will discuss the source, manufacturing methods and advantages of using HA scaffolds in bone tissue engineering applications.

Matched MeSH terms: Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

Fulltext Biosorption of Pb (II) ions by immobilized cells of Pycnoporus Sanguineus in a packed bed column

Mashitah Mat Don, Yus Azila Yahaya, Bhatia, Subhash

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2009;17(1):-.

MyJurnal

The removal of heavy metals like lead, copper and cadmium from wastewater streams is an important environmental issue. The capability of immobilized Pycnoporus sanguineus (P. sanguineus), a white-rot macrofungi to remove heavy metals from aqueous solution in a packed bed column was investigated. Lead (Pb (II)) biosorption by immobilized cells of P. sanguineus was investigated in a packed bed column. The experiments were carried out by considering the effect of bed height (5-13 cm), flow rate (4-12 ml min-1) and initial lead (II) concentration (50-300 mg L-1). The breakthrough profiles showed that the saturation of metal ions was achieved faster for 5 cm bed height and 12 ml min-1 influent flow rate. However, the breakthrough time decreased as the initial metal concentration increased from 50 to 300 mg L-1. The column was regenerated using 0.1M HCl solution and biosorptiondesorption studies were carried out for 2 cycles. The results showed that the breakthrough time decreased as the number of cycle was proceeded.

Matched MeSH terms: Cells, Immobilized

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