Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are widely used for change detection in rivers caused
by erosion and accretion. Digital image processing techniques and GIS analysis capabilities are used for detecting
temporal variations of erosion and accretion characteristics between the years 1999 and 2011 in a 40 km long Marala
Alexandria reach of River Chenab. Landsat satellite images for the years 1999, 2007 and 2011 were processed to analyze
the river channel migration, changes in the river width and the rate of erosion and accretion. Analyses showed that the
right bank was under erosion in both time spans, however high rate of deposition is exhibited in middle reaches. The
maximum erosion was 1569843 m2
and 1486160 m2
along the right bank at a distance of 24-28 km downstream of the
Marala barrage in the time span of 1999-2007 and 2007-2011, respectively. Along right bank mainly there is trend of
accretion but erosion is much greater between 20 and 28 km reach. Maximum accretion was 5144584 m2
from 1999-2007
and 2950110 m2
from 2007-2011 on the right bank downstream of the Marala Barrage. The derived results of channel
migration were validated by comparing with SRTM data to assess the accuracy of image classification. Integration of remote
sensing data with GIS is efficient and economical technique to assess land losses and channel changes in large rivers.
Matched MeSH terms: Geographic Information Systems
Introduction: Physical activity has been shown to be beneficial for the prevention of
obesity and non-communicable diseases. Our contemporary way of life that is technology
dependent has significantly reduced physical activity. This study aimed to determine
accelerometer-measured physical activity (moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA))
among adults in high and low walkability neighbourhoods in Penang and Kota Bharu,
Malaysia.
Methods: Participants (n=490) were sampled using multistage sampling method
from neighbourhoods with varied levels of walkability using Geographical Information
System (GIS). Physical activity was measured objectively using Actigraph GT3X+
accelerometers, worn by the participants on their waists for a period of 5 to 7 days.
Results:
The participants had a mean of 13.5 min/day of MVPA. Total MVPA was significantly
higher among participants in high walkability neighbourhoods (19.7 min/day vs. 9.1 min/
day). Results from t-test showed that the time spent on MVPA per day was significantly
lower among participants residing in low walkability neighbourhoods. The final model
of the MIXED model statistical tests showed that total MVPA was significantly associated
with BMI, but not with WC measurements, after adjusting for covariates.
Conclusion: Most
of the participants had very low MVPA and did not achieve the current physical activity
recommendations, implying that Malaysian adults residing in these two cities were not
physically active to achieve health benefits. Results are suggestive of the importance of the
walkability concept in neighbourhoods in encouraging physical activity and healthy body
weight among Malaysians.
Matched MeSH terms: Geographic Information Systems
Due to the lack of dependency for routing initiation and an inadequate allocated sextant on responding messages, the secure geographic routing protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have attracted considerable attention. However, the existing protocols are more likely to drop packets when legitimate nodes fail to respond to the routing initiation messages while attackers in the allocated sextant manage to respond. Furthermore, these protocols are designed with inefficient collection window and inadequate verification criteria which may lead to a high number of attacker selections. To prevent the failure to find an appropriate relay node and undesirable packet retransmission, this paper presents Secure Region-Based Geographic Routing Protocol (SRBGR) to increase the probability of selecting the appropriate relay node. By extending the allocated sextant and applying different message contention priorities more legitimate nodes can be admitted in the routing process. Moreover, the paper also proposed the bound collection window for a sufficient collection time and verification cost for both attacker identification and isolation. Extensive simulation experiments have been performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed protocol in comparison with other existing protocols. The results demonstrate that SRBGR increases network performance in terms of the packet delivery ratio and isolates attacks such as Sybil and Black hole.
Matched MeSH terms: Geographic Information Systems/economics
The new innovative of technology by (GIS) Geographic Information System, (LIS) Land
Information System and (CIS) Cadastral Information System has been playing a leading
role in the development of cadastral and land administration in this study area. The
Customary ways and approach to the land titling and registration in the time past has
resulted in the delay in the processes of obtaining title to the land. Land administration
system in Nigeria includes the processes of land registration, cadastral mapping, land
valuation and land inventory. Most of developing nation particularly Nigeria is faced
with the problem of poor land administration and management. Technology is
paramount in acquiring a proper technological development in land administration.
This study tried to encourage land title registration by providing web technologies that
are faster and suitable with a low rate and minimum delay. The need to develop a
dynamic web for the processes in the land registration arises from the dynamic
relationship to the land of the people. The delay in time and process of land registration
couple with the exploitation in land related activities has called for the urgent
intervention of all the stakeholders in land administration. PHP programming language
was used as a server side scripting languages together with MyAdmin SQL, a website
was developed for the processes involved in the land registration having examined the
fastest way to solve the problem. A robust dynamic database that is reliable and easy
to use was also developed which is capable of accommodating several numbers of
applicants. The applicants, monitoring agency and the government have the advantage
of checking all the processes on line without any contact with the officers working on
the certificate.
Matched MeSH terms: Geographic Information Systems
The selection of landfill, which happens to be an environmental issue, has attracted
the attention of many researchers from the fields of waste management and
environmental sciences worldwide. Hence, in the attempt to overcome this problem,
some decision-making techniques, including Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA), have been widely utilized in prior studies,
where multiple criteria, particularly in site selection process, have been employed.
With that, this article identifies the selection criteria for landfill selection and presents
a review concerning decision-making techniques that have been used in past studies
for two important phases involved during the process of site selection, namely, (1)
preliminary site screening, and (2) assessment of site suitability. As such, some 82
articles chosen from 34 peer-reviewed journals had been investigated in detail. The
results showed that 42.68% of the selected articles integrated GIS and MCDA
techniques to solve the problem of landfill site selection, and this is followed by
integrating GIS and fuzzy MCDA technique (18.29%). Both these techniques are indeed
powerful tools that can guide decision-makers to solve problems in making decisions
on the basis of various criteria under certainty and uncertainty results, mainly involving
environmental issues.
Matched MeSH terms: Geographic Information Systems
This paper has evaluated the spatial growth of Bauchi Metropolis from 1976 to 2015
through the application of Remote Sensing and GIS techniques. Various satellite
imageries of the metropolis (Landsat MSS of 1976, TM of 1986, 1996 and ETM+ of 2006
and 2015) were integrated; processed and classified using ERDAS imagine 9.1. The
results showed an increase in area from 11.68km2
in 1976 to 12.51km2
in 1986 to
32.44km2 in 1996, to 49.66km2
in 2006 and finally to 89.23km2 in 2015. It is
recommended that government should provide the required capacities for the use of
Remote Sensing and GIS in planning for the growth of the town.
Matched MeSH terms: Geographic Information Systems
The use of remote sensing in detecting aerosol or air pollution is not widely applied in Malaysia. The large area of coverage provided by remote sensing satellite may well be the solution to the lack of spatial coverage by the local ground air quality monitoring stations. This article discusses the application of remote sensing instruments in air quality monitoring of Malaysia. The remote sensing data is validated using ground truths either from local ground air monitoring stations or the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). The correlation between remote sensing is relatively good with R from 0.5 to 0.9 depending on the satellite used. The correlation is much improved using the mixed effects algorithm applied on MODIS Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) data. Accuracy of predicted air quality data by remote sensing is generally tested using the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) against the ground truths data. Besides the Geographic Information System (GIS) tools are used in manipulating the data from both remote sensing and ground stations so as to produce meaningful results such as spatio-temporal pattern mapping of air pollution. Overall the results showed that the application of remote sensing instruments in air quality monitoring in Malaysia is very useful and can be improved further.
Matched MeSH terms: Geographic Information Systems
Remote sensing and geographic information system techniques are significant and popular approaches that have been used in recent years to measure and map urban growth patterns. This paper primarily aims to provide a basis for a literature review of urban growth measurement and mapping by using different methods. For this purpose, the general characteristics of measuring and mapping urban growth patterns are described and classified. The strengths and weaknesses of the various methods have been identified from an analysis and discussion of the characteristics of the techniques. Results of reviews confirm that combining quantitative and qualitative techniques, such as Shannon approach and change detection, to measure and map urban growth patterns will improve understanding of the phenomenon of urban growth. Moreover, using social and economic data such as population and income data will improve understanding of the relationships between causes and effects. The integration of social and economic factors with quantitative and qualitative techniques will contribute to a perfect evaluation of urban growth patterns and land use changes, taking technical, social, economic, spatial, and temporal factors into account.
Matched MeSH terms: Geographic Information Systems
The combination of geographic information system and mineral energy data management is helpful to promote the study of mineral energy and its ecological damage and environmental pollution caused by its development and utilization, which has important application value. The Trace Elements in Coal of China Database Management System (TECC) is established in this paper, applying the techniques of B/S three-layer structure, Oracle database, AJAX and WebGIS. TECC is the first database system which aims at managing the data of trace elements in coal in China. It includes data management and analysis module, document management module, trace elements in coal data maintenance module and authority management module. The data entry specification is put forward in the present study and the spatial data is included in TECC system. The system achieves the functions of data query, analysis, management, maintenance and map browsing, thematic map drawing as well as satellite video display, which lay the foundation for the analysis of large data of trace elements in coal. It is a practical platform for the acquisition, management, exchange and sharing of trace element research and geochemical research data of coal.
Matched MeSH terms: Geographic Information Systems
Previous studies have found positive correlations between mangrove forest extent and fisheries yield but none of these univariate relationships provide a reliable estimate of yield from mangrove area. This study tests the hypothesis that the nursery ground value or natural production of fish and shrimps is related to the hydrogeomorphology settings of mangrove forests by using multivariate redundancy analysis (RDA). The hydrogeomorphological metrics of five mangrove forests imaged by satellite were measured using Geographical Information System (GIS). The RDA indicated that the metrics, including mangrove area, multiple waterways and creeks, mangrove-river interface, waterway surface area and sediment organic matter, influenced the diversity and abundance of fish and shrimps. Larger values of these metrics increase the abundance of economically important fish species of the families Lutjanidae, Haemulidae, Serranidae and economically-important penaeid shrimps. Sediment organic matter also significantly correlates with the distribution and abundance of fish that feed off the bottom such as the Leiognathidae, Clupeidae and Mullidae. Mangrove forests with combinations of large mangrove area, river surface area, high stream ordering and longest mangrove-river interface will provide greater role as nursery grounds for fish and shrimps.
Matched MeSH terms: Geographic Information Systems
The development of GPS tags for tracking wildlife has revolutionised the study of home ranges, habitat use and behaviour. Concomitantly, there have been rapid developments in methods for estimating habitat use from GPS data. In combination, these changes can cause challenges in choosing the best methods for estimating home ranges. In primatology, this issue has received little attention, as there have been few GPS collar-based studies to date. However, as advancing technology is making collaring studies more feasible, there is a need for the analysis to advance alongside the technology. Here, using a high quality GPS collaring data set from 10 proboscis monkeys (Nasalis larvatus), we aimed to: 1) compare home range estimates from the most commonly used method in primatology, the grid-cell method, with three recent methods designed for large and/or temporally correlated GPS data sets; 2) evaluate how well these methods identify known physical barriers (e.g. rivers); and 3) test the robustness of the different methods to data containing either less frequent or random losses of GPS fixes. Biased random bridges had the best overall performance, combining a high level of agreement between the raw data and estimated utilisation distribution with a relatively low sensitivity to reduced fixed frequency or loss of data. It estimated the home range of proboscis monkeys to be 24-165 ha (mean 80.89 ha). The grid-cell method and approaches based on local convex hulls had some advantages including simplicity and excellent barrier identification, respectively, but lower overall performance. With the most suitable model, or combination of models, it is possible to understand more fully the patterns, causes, and potential consequences that disturbances could have on an animal, and accordingly be used to assist in the management and restoration of degraded landscapes.
Matched MeSH terms: Geographic Information Systems*
Ever increasing demand for water resources for different purposes makes it essential to have better understanding and knowledge about water resources. As known, groundwater resources are one of the main water resources especially in countries with arid climatic condition. Thus, this study seeks to provide groundwater potential maps (GPMs) employing new algorithms. Accordingly, this study aims to validate the performance of C5.0, random forest (RF), and multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) algorithms for generating GPMs in the eastern part of Mashhad Plain, Iran. For this purpose, a dataset was produced consisting of spring locations as indicator and groundwater-conditioning factors (GCFs) as input. In this research, 13 GCFs were selected including altitude, slope aspect, slope angle, plan curvature, profile curvature, topographic wetness index (TWI), slope length, distance from rivers and faults, rivers and faults density, land use, and lithology. The mentioned dataset was divided into two classes of training and validation with 70 and 30% of the springs, respectively. Then, C5.0, RF, and MARS algorithms were employed using R statistical software, and the final values were transformed into GPMs. Finally, two evaluation criteria including Kappa and area under receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC-ROC) were calculated. According to the findings of this research, MARS had the best performance with AUC-ROC of 84.2%, followed by RF and C5.0 algorithms with AUC-ROC values of 79.7 and 77.3%, respectively. The results indicated that AUC-ROC values for the employed models are more than 70% which shows their acceptable performance. As a conclusion, the produced methodology could be used in other geographical areas. GPMs could be used by water resource managers and related organizations to accelerate and facilitate water resource exploitation.
Matched MeSH terms: Geographic Information Systems
The identification of spatio-temporal patterns of the urban growth phenomenon has become one of the most significant challenges in monitoring and assessing current and future trends of the urban growth issue. Therefore, spatio-temporal and quantitative techniques should be used hand in hand for a deeper understanding of various aspects of urban growth. The main purpose of this study is to monitor and assess the significant patterns of urban growth in Seremban using a spatio-temporal built-up area analysis. The concentric circles approach was used to measure the compactness and dispersion of built-up area by employing Shannon's Entropy method. The spatial directions approach was also utilised to measure the sustainability and speed of development, while the gradient approach was used to measure urban dynamics by employing landscape matrices. The overall results confirm that urban growth in Seremban is dispersed, unbalanced and unsustainable with a rapid speed of regional development. The main contribution of using existing methods with other methods is to provide several spatial and statistical dimensions that can help researchers, decision makers and local authorities understand the trend of growth and its patterns in order to take the appropriate decisions for future urban planning. For example, Shannon's Entropy findings indicate a high value of dispersion between the years 1990 and 2000 and from 2010 to 2016 with a growth rate of approximately 94 and 14%, respectively. Therefore, these results can help and support decision makers to implement alternative urban forms such as the compactness form to achieve an urban form that is more suitable and sustainable. The results of this study confirm the importance of using spatio-temporal built-up area and quantitative analysis to protect the sustainability of land use, as well as to improve the urban planning system via the effective monitoring and assessment of urban growth trends and patterns.
Matched MeSH terms: Geographic Information Systems
Groundwater hazard assessments involve many activities dealing with the impacts of pollution on groundwater, such as human health studies and environment modelling. Nitrate contamination is considered a hazard to human health, environment and ecosystem. In groundwater management, the hazard should be assessed before any action can be taken, particularly for groundwater pollution and water quality. Thus, pollution due to the presence of nitrate poses considerable hazard to drinking water, and excessive nutrient loads deteriorate the ecosystem. The parametric IPNOA model is one of the well-known methods used for evaluating nitrate content. However, it cannot predict the effect of soil and land use/land cover (LULC) types on calculations relying on parametric well samples. Therefore, in this study, the parametric model was trained and integrated with the multivariate data-driven model with different levels of information to assess groundwater nitrate contamination in Saladin, Iraq. The IPNOA model was developed with 185 different well samples and contributing parameters. Then, the IPNOA model was integrated with the logistic regression (LR) model to predict the nitrate contamination levels. Geographic information system techniques were also used to assess the spatial prediction of nitrate contamination. High-resolution SPOT-5 satellite images with 5 m spatial resolution were processed by object-based image analysis and support vector machine algorithm to extract LULC. Mapping of potential areas of nitrate contamination was examined using receiver operating characteristic assessment. Results indicated that the optimised LR-IPNOA model was more accurate in determining and analysing the nitrate hazard concentration than the standalone IPNOA model. This method can be easily replicated in other areas that have similar climatic condition. Therefore, stakeholders in planning and environmental decision makers could benefit immensely from the proposed method of this research, which can be potentially used for a sustainable management of urban, industrialised and agricultural sectors.
Matched MeSH terms: Geographic Information Systems
Nowadays, the scientific knowledge is developing frequently in numerous characteristics to be able to offer versatile and also safe and sound tendency for the users. At this time many of prevalent together with employed indicate by the visually impaired people are using the ivory stick, nonetheless it possesses constraints. With the recent technological innovation, it is easy to prolong the assistance acquire for people who have visual disability throughout their movability; this design endorses a cost-effective ultrasonic stick for visually encountered people today, to be able to achieve an exclusive self-reliance and even exempt from the additional assist. A portable convenient to use technology is designed which could recognize the obstructions in the way working with ultrasonic sensors in addition to vibrator. Ultrasonic sensors will be able to inspect three types of distinct heights. Vibrator is frequently used as a substitute gadget in the areas that surrounds with the minimal signal coverage also nosy environment. The buzzer and vibration motor are initialized while any kind of hindrance is identified. Global positioning system device presents the details about to the proceeding approach both work or even home, that has been supplied considering that control keys together with a contingency switch. Text message unit is utilized by the blind to send out SMS info to the saved phone numbers in the Arduino in the event of unexpected emergency.
Matched MeSH terms: Geographic Information Systems
Malaysia has a long coastline stretching over 4,809 km where more than 1,300 km of beaches are experiencing erosion.
Coastal erosion is recognised as the permanent loss of land and habitats along the shoreline resulting in the changes
of the coast. Thus, it is important to detect and monitor shoreline changes especially in Pahang coast by identifying the
rate of shoreline erosion and accretion. This study used temporal data and high spatial resolution imagery (SPOT 5) using
remote sensing and GIS techniques to monitor shoreline changes along 10 study locations, which is from Cherating to
Pekan of the Pahang coast. The total length of shoreline changes is about 14 km (14035.10 m) where all these areas are
very likely to experience erosion ranging from 0.1 to 94.7 ha. On the other hand, these coastal areas found a minimal
accretion with increased sediment from 0.1 to 2.8 ha. Overall, the coastal areas are exposed to higher erosion process
than accretion with a very high vulnerability of erosion rate from 1.8 to 20.9 meter per year. The findings on monitoring
shoreline changes and identifying vulnerable erosion areas might be useful in the policy and decision making for
sustainable coastal management.
Matched MeSH terms: Geographic Information Systems
Family support has a strong impact on individuals and there is no exception in substance abuse
recovery process. Family support manages to play a positive role in substance abuse problems. The
present study deals with the developing model of family support substance abuser with the
combination method of Geographic Information System (GIS) and statistical models. The data used
for this study was collected from seven districts in Terengganu with a constant number of
respondents. 35 respondents for each district were involved in this study. It was then processed using
factor analysis (FA) to develop index of family support. By using the developed indices, GIS tool was
used to plot the distribution map of family support indices according to each form of family support.
The result indicated that the highest index for all form of family support abuser was located in Besut
district. High level of family support is essential as an effort for rehabilitation process of substance
abusers.
Matched MeSH terms: Geographic Information Systems
Tuberculosis (TB) is known as a disease that prone to spatial clustering. Recent development has seen a sharp rise in the number of epidemiologic studies employing Geographical Information System (GIS), particularly in identifying TB clusters and evidences of etiologic factors. The aim of this systematic review is to determine evidence of TB clustering, type of spatial analysis commonly used and the application of GIS in TB surveillance and control. A literature search of articles published in English language between 2000 and November 2015 was performed using MEDLINE and Science Direct using relevant search terms related to spatial analysis in studies of TB cluster. The search strategy was adapted and developed for each database using appropriate subject headings and keywords. The literature reviewed showed strong evidence of TB clustering occurred in high risk areas in both developed and developing countries. Spatial scan statistics were the most commonly used analysis and proved useful in TB surveillance through detection of outbreak, early warning and identifying area of increased TB transmission. Among others are targeted screening and assessment of TB program using GIS technology. However there were limitations on suitability of utilizing aggregated data such as national cencus that were pre-collected in explaining the present spatial distribution among population at risk. Spatial boundaries determined by zip code may be too large for metropolitan area or too small for country. Nevertheless, GIS is a powerful tool in aiding TB control and prevention in developing countries and should be used for real-time surveillance and decision making.
Matched MeSH terms: Geographic Information Systems
An innovative health information system can be used to support the control of tuberculosis (TB) in Malaysia. The existing system of MyTB has helped in the national TB information management and decision-making process. However, the system can be further enhanced by producing a prototype of Geospatial Tuberculosis Information System (GeoTBiS). It is a geospatial decision support system that was initially proposed in Shah Alam, Selangor. Geospatial data has spatio-temporal characteristics that can be used to understand the basic elements of TB aetiology, while geospatial operations are employed to collect, manage and disseminate the data in a geographical information system (GIS) environment. The disease map and epidemiological risk analysis are produced using a global positioning system (GPS), satellite imagery, geostatistical analysis and web mapping services. This GeoTBiS has demonstrated the geospatial capabilities in enhancing the current system functions, and several recommendations towards a practicable application.
Matched MeSH terms: Geographic Information Systems
Aktiviti guna tanah di kawasan lembangan adalah salah satu faktor yang mendorong kepada kemerosotan kualiti air
sungai akibat daripada hakisan tanih. Potensi hakisan tanih di kawasan lembangan Sungai Bilut, Raub, Pahang yang
menjadi sumber bekalan air minuman utama di daerah Raub boleh ditentukan dengan menggunakan integrasi model
Semakan Semula Persamaan Kehilangan Tanih Universal (RUSLE) dan Sistem Maklumat Geografi (GIS). Kajian ini
bertujuan untuk menentukan potensi hakisan tanih dan faktor utama yang mempengaruhi kadar hakisan tanih. Kajian ini
melibatkan penggunaan data sekunder yang terdiri daripada data hujan, data siri tanih dan topografi bagi menghasilkan
faktor kehakisan hujan (R), kebolehhakisan tanih (K), serta panjang dan kecuraman cerun (LS). Faktor litupan tumbuhan
(C) dan amalan pemuliharaan (P) pula dijana daripada imej satelit Landsat 8 (2014). Keputusan kajian menunjukkan
nilai faktor R di kawasan kajian ialah 8927.68-9775.18 MJ mm ha-1 jam-1 tahun-1, nilai K ialah 0.036-0.500 tan jam-1
MJ-1 mm-1, nilai LS ialah 0-514, nilai C ialah 0.03-0.80 dan nilai P ialah 0.1-0.7. Kawasan yang mempunyai potensi
hakisan sangat rendah hingga rendah meliputi 81%, manakala potensi hakisan tanih sederhana hingga sangat tinggi
meliputi 19% daripada keseluruhan kawasan kajian. Model yang dihasilkan mempunyai ketepatan sebanyak 81%. Faktor
utama yang mempengaruhi berlakunya hakisan tanih di kawasan kajian adalah faktor topografi, litupan tumbuhan dan
kebolehhakisan tanih. Keputusan menunjukkan analisis integrasi RUSLE dan GIS berpotensi dalam penentuan potensi
hakisan tanih untuk kawasan luas yang mempunyai pelbagai jenis guna tanah, topografi dan jenis tanih.
Matched MeSH terms: Geographic Information Systems