Displaying publications 61 - 80 of 445 in total

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  1. Fulltext Construction and validation of a Malay version of the overactive bladder screener for assessing urinary tract symptons in Malaysian population
    Parameswaran, M, Sivaprakasam, S., Dublin, N., Razack, A.H., Thun, T.H., Chua, C.B., et al.
    JUMMEC, 2009;12(2):74-82.
    MyJurnal
    The aim of this study was to validate the translation of the Overactive Bladder (OAB) Screener (OAB V8) to the Malay language. It was to assess the reliability of the screener in the context of a Malaysian population. The original screener consists of eight symptoms indicative of OAB that has been proven to be highly sensitive and reliable. Translation was done with a modification of the Brislin Method using back translation and a panel of experts as a final review panel. The pilot study had two groups; a symptomatic (n=19 patients) and an asymptomatic group (n=18 patients). All patients performed the test twice at two week intervals once at the clinic and subsequently at home. Test-retest method was used for reliability and Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency. The translated questionnaire demonstrated good internal consistency in both groups of patients for all eight items individually and for the total score. Cronbach's alphas ranged from 0.972 to 0.981 for the symptomatic group and from 0.750 to 0.976 for the asymptomatic group. Testretest correlation for all items was highly significant. Intraclass orrelation (ICC) was high for both the asymptomatic (ICC ranging from 0.600 to 0.953) and the symptomatic group (ranging from 0.944 to 0.989).The Malay OAB V8 showed itself to be suitable for use, reliable in distinguishing symptomatic and asymptomatic patients and a valid instrument.
    Matched MeSH terms: Language
  2. Fulltext Designing a culture, language and illness-specific self-esteem scale in Bahasa Malaysia
    Hasanah Che Ismail, Shamshunnisah Abu Bakar
    ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 2009;10(2):100-114.
    MyJurnal
    Objective: Self-esteem is an important component of psychological health. In Malaysia, Rosenberg’s self-esteem scale remained the single most popular utilized scale for studying global self-esteem. This study aims to design a language, culture and illness specific self-esteem questionnaire. Methods: The study consisted of 2 phases. The first phase was to generate items for the new self-esteem questionnaire (SSES) in Bahasa Malaysia. Literature review on the concept of selfesteem and its’ content was conducted. This was followed by expert opinion from professional care-givers. The items were qualitatively validated by healthy subjects and patients with schizophrenia from the same locality, culture and language. The second phase consists of quantitative validation of the items. Items in the new scale were analyzed based on the responses from 165 stable schizophrenia outpatients. The validated Malay version of Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale (RSES) was used concurrently as a comparison. Results: The SSES displayed good internal consistency for its two domains
    (Cronbach’s alpha=0.88, 0.81) and test-retest reliability (ICC), ranged from 0.44 to 0.87. Its construct validity was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. The concurrent validity of SSES and RSES using Pearson correlation was 0.77. The Cronbach’s alpha for the validated Malay version of RSES is 0.67. Conclusion: This study presents a new self-esteem questionnaire (SSES) which has high concurrent validity with the standard RSES and confirms the reliability and validity of SSES in Malay patients with Schizophrenia.

    Study site: Psychiatric clinic, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Kelantan and Hospital Kota Bharu, (HKB), Kelantan
    Matched MeSH terms: Language
  3. Therapeutic approach in managing patients with large vestibular aqueduct syndrome (LVAS)
    Asma A, Anouk H, Luc VH, Brokx JP, Cila U, Van De Heyning P
    Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 2010 May;74(5):474-81.
    PMID: 20189254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2010.01.023
    To discuss the clinical approach in managing patients with large vestibular aqueduct syndrome.
    Matched MeSH terms: Language Development
  4. Discharging patients: A perspective from speech-language pathologists working in public hospitals in Malaysia
    Ahmad K
    Int J Speech Lang Pathol, 2010 Aug;12(4):317-9; discussion 329-32.
    PMID: 20590514 DOI: 10.3109/17549507.2010.483017
    Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) practising in Malaysia face similar dilemmas as their counterparts in more developed countries when it comes to deciding on discharge/termination of services for their patients. Furthermore, discharge dilemmas appear to be a frequent and inevitable part of their everyday practice. In an interview conducted for the purpose of this paper, it was clear that many SLPs found it difficult to articulate or justify the process they took to reach a decision on whether or not to terminate their services or discharge their patients. Much of the difficulty is anchored on the need to be realistic and function within the confines of limited resources. Malaysian SLPs were aware of the ideals that had to be abandoned along the way but had not allowed guilt to dissuade or discourage them from providing what they perceived as the next best available service. The not-so ideal decisions made by these SLPs may be frowned upon by international standards but must be examined within the local historical perspective of the development of the SLP profession in Malaysia. The dilemma will continue until the country produces SLPs in sufficient numbers but the profession is reminded that less-than-ideal practices may perpetuate over time into unhealthy traditions that will require major efforts to be undone.
    Matched MeSH terms: Speech-Language Pathology*
  5. Fulltext The eight-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale MMAS: translation and validation of the Malaysian version
    Al-Qazaz HKh, Hassali MA, Shafie AA, Sulaiman SA, Sundram S, Morisky DE
    Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2010 Nov;90(2):216-21.
    PMID: 20832888 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2010.08.012
    AIMS:
    To translate and examine the psychometric properties of the Malaysian version of the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS) among patients with type 2 diabetes.

    METHODS:
    A standard "forward-backward" procedure was used to translate MMAS into Malay language. It was later validated on a convenience sample of 223 type 2 diabetes outpatients between May and September 2009. Reliability was tested for internal consistency. Validity was confirmed using convergent and known group validity.

    RESULTS:
    Employing the recommended scoring method, the mean±SD of MMAS scores was 6.13±1.72. Moderate internal consistency was found (Cronbach's α=0.675), the test-retest reliability value was 0.816 (p<0.001). A positive correlation between the eight- and four-item MMAS was found (r=0.792; p<0.01). A significant relationship between MMAS categories and HbA1c categories (χ(2)=20.261; p≥0.001) was found. The MMAS sensitivity and specificity, with positive and negative predictive values were 77.61%, 45.37%, 46.84% and 76.56%, respectively.

    CONCLUSIONS:
    The findings of this validation study indicate that the Malaysian version of the MMAS is a reliable and valid measure of medication adherence which can now be used.
    Matched MeSH terms: Language
  6. Fulltext Measurement of nicotine withdrawal symptoms: linguistic validation of the Wisconsin Smoking Withdrawal Scale (WSWS) in Malay
    Awaisu A, Samsudin S, Amir NA, Omar CG, Hashim MI, Mohamad MH, et al.
    BMC Med Res Methodol, 2010;10:46.
    PMID: 20492717 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2288-10-46
    The purpose of the linguistic validation of the Wisconsin Smoking Withdrawal Scale (WSWS) was to produce a translated version in Malay language which was "conceptually equivalent" to the original U.S. English version for use in clinical practice and research.
    Matched MeSH terms: Language
  7. Narrative-based intervention for word-finding difficulties: a case study
    Marks I, Stokes SF
    Int J Lang Commun Disord, 2010 Sep-Oct;45(5):586-99.
    PMID: 19857187 DOI: 10.3109/13682820903277951
    Children with word-finding difficulties manifest a high frequency of word-finding characteristics in narrative, yet word-finding interventions have concentrated on single-word treatments and outcome measures.
    Matched MeSH terms: Language Development Disorders/rehabilitation*; Language Tests
  8. Fulltext Reliability of Bahasa Malaysia version of family environment scale and its measurement issues
    Khairani Omar, Noor Azimah Muhammad, Farihna Mohamed Fadhlullah, Ramli Musa, Jamaiyah Hanif, Adam Bujang
    ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 2010;11(1):44-55.
    MyJurnal
    Objective: Family Environment Scale (FES) is one of the most widely used instruments to measure many family aspects. Cross cultural adaptation of the original FES is essential prior to local utilization as different cultures percept their family environments differently. We attempted to translate the FES into the Bahasa Malaysia language for adolescents, evaluate its reliability using internal consistency and compare its results with the original
    study. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, involving adolescents aged 12-17 from four secondary schools. The adolescents were selected using quota sampling for different age, ethnic and academic performance. The study was divided into four phases, namely: i) translation of FES, ii) pilot test iii) internal consistency reliability test and iv) comparison of the study results with the original FES. Results: A total of 295 adolescents participated in this study. All of the reliability measurements generated (ranged between Cronbach’s alpha 0.10 - 0.70) were lower than those originally reported for this instrument (ranged between Cronbach’s alpha 0.61 -0.78). Five subscales in the Bahasa Malaysia version were found to be less than Cronbach’s alpha 0.5, which were below the acceptable level for practical or research use. There was considerable variation observed between the sample population of this study and that of the original study, which could be due to the social cultural differences. Conclusion: The Bahasa Malaysia version of FES requires further culturally
    appropriate revision. A new measuring scale could also be devised to provide an accurate evaluation of the family environment as perceived by Malaysian adolescents, which has acceptable levels of reliability and validity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Language
  9. Fulltext Community indicator for caries experience among schoolchildren in Kuala Lumpur: an ecological study
    Asma’, M., Saub, R.
    Ann Dent, 2010;17(1):15-20.
    MyJurnal
    The aim of the present study is to determine the “community indicator” for dental caries among secondary school children within the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur (FTKL). School factors were investigated for their ability to be used as community indicators. The components encompassing school factors include: type of school, school’s examination performances at the Peperiksaan Menengah Rendah (PMR) level, in the subjects of Mathematics, Bahasa Melayu (Malay Language), Science and English, school’s socioeconomic circumstances and school’s material deprivation. The study design is ecological in nature where schools were the unit of analysis. It used aggregated data for caries experiences acquired from the Oral Health Management Information System and the school factors which were extracted from the schools’ database. The subjects involved in this study were all the (75) day type secondary schools in FTKL. However, only 55 schools had complete information both for the dental caries factor and the school factors which were available for analysis. The use of bivariate analysis suggested that the school mean DMFT was significantly associated with the schools’ performance in English (p= 0.02) and the schools’ socioeconomic code (p= 0.005). The schools’ performance in English and socioeconomic code were able to explain about 10 percent and 14 percent of the variation in the school mean DMFT respectively. The final model that included both variables together explained about 17 percent of the variation in school mean DMFT. As a conclusion, this study suggests that the schools’ performance in English at the PMR level and the schools’ socioeconomic code could be used as community indicator to identify secondary schools with higher caries level in FTKL. Nevertheless, further
    improvement of the model is needed in order to create a more reliable indicator.
    Matched MeSH terms: Language
  10. Fulltext Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Low Back Among Health Care Providers in a District Hospital
    Wong, T.S., Teo, N., Kyaw, M.).
    Malays Orthop J, 2010;4(2):23-28.
    MyJurnal
    Study design: A cross-sectional study among health care providers working at one hospital. Objective: To investigate the prevalence, the consequences and the risk factors associated with low back pain (LBP) among hospital staff. Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of 931 health care providers who answered a pre-established questionnaire including 30 items in two languages. Results: The cumulative life-prevalence of LBP was 72.5% and the yearly prevalence was 56.9%. Chronic LBP prevalence was noted 5.1% of the cases. Treatment was sought in 34.1% of LBP sufferers and 7.3% required sick leave or absence from work due to LBP. Risk factors associated with LBP were professional categories, bad body posture, lifting objects or patients and the increased levels of lifting, levels of job satisfaction and stressful job demands. Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of LBP among hospital staff, resulting in significant medical and socio-professional consequences. Many risk factors were identified that would necessitate multidisciplinary involvement to reduce the LBP incidence and related costs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Language
  11. Fulltext An investigation into the learning styles, English proficiency and assessment performance of medical students
    Yeow TP, Tan MKM, Loh LC, Blitz J
    International e-Journal of Science, Medicine & Education, 2010;4(1):7-13.
    MyJurnal
    Appreciation of learning styles can be of use to help both educators and students to enhance the effectiveness of an educational experience. It has been noticed that some students at this College are not very good at expressing themselves in either written or spoken English. Our study aimed to identify the student’s learning styles; assess whether there is any correlation between learning style, baseline demographic data and self rated proficiency in English language; and assess their associations with the assessment performance.
    A group of third year medical students voluntarily participated in a questionnaire study to provide us with their learning styles, demographic information and self-rated proficiency in English language. This data was compared to the students’ performance in the assessment at the end of their junior clinical rotations.
    This cohort of students (60% Malay, 35% Chinese and 5% Indian) who were mostly visual learners, considered themselves proficient in English. Students with predominantly Visual learning styles and those with poorer English, score significantly lower during their clinical long case examinations. These two predictors appear to be independent of each other.
    These results may suggest that our current teaching modalities may disadvantage students with predominant visual learning styles. It also suggests that the long case clinical examination may favour those with more verbal learning styles.
    Matched MeSH terms: Language
  12. Fulltext Mandarin speech perception tests for Malaysian Chinese children
    Cila Umat, Chong, Sheue Lih, Siti Zamratol-Mai Sarah Mukari
    Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2010;8(1):31-37.
    MyJurnal
    The study aimed to develop Mandarin speech perception tests for Malaysian Chinese children. Two tests were developed which were the Syllabic Pattern Perception Test (SPPT) and the Tone Perception Test (TPT). Both tests were designed for children aged between three to six years-old. A total of 80 normal hearing children aged 3 years to 6 years and 11 months from several kindergartens around Kuala Lumpur and Ipoh participated in this study. Results showed that the mean scores for the SPPT did not differ significantly across age (p > 0.05), possibly due to a ceiling effect. Although the SPPT showed relatively low test-retest and inter-rater Spearman correlation coefficients (r = 0.68 for correct syllable pattern response and r = 0.38 for correct item response), the scores were highly repeatable in both test-retest and interrater conditions. For the TPT, the mean scores of five and six year old children were significantly higher than three year old subjects while the mean score of four year old subjects was significantly poorer than the six years old. The test-retest and inter-rater reliability were high and the coefficients approximated 0.80 (p < 0.05). For both tests, gender and dialects or languages used as the second language did not have significant effect on the test scores. Content validity evidence was also collected from a group of panelists. In conclusion, SPPT and TPT are reliable and valid Mandarin speech tests to be used on Malaysian Chinese children who speak Mandarin.







    31-37

    Matched MeSH terms: Language
  13. Fulltext Characterization of skeletons of simulated drought and flood of water bodies
    Dinesh, S.
    ASM Science Journal, 2010;4(1):62-73.
    MyJurnal
    Studies conducted on the various geometric properties of skeletons of water bodies have shown highly promising results. However, these studies were made under the assumption that water bodies were static objects and that they remained constant over time. Water bodies are actually dynamic objects; they go through significant spatio-temporal changes due to drought and flood. In this study, the characterization of skeletons of simulated drought and flood of water bodies was performed. It was observed that as the drought level increased from 1 to 9, the average length of the skeletons decreased due to reduction in the size of the water bodies and increase in the number of water bodies. As the drought level increased from 9 to 15, the average length of the skeletons increased further due to vanishing of small water bodies. Flood caused an increase in the average length of the skeletons due to merging of adjacent water bodies. Power law relationships were observed between the average length of the skeletons of the simulated drought/flood and the level of drought/flood. The scaling exponent of these power laws which was named as a fractal dimension, indicated the rate of change of the average length of the skeletons of simulated drought/flood of water bodies over varying levels of drought/flood. However, errors observed in the goodness of fit of the plots indicated that monofractals were not sufficient to characterise the skeletons of simulated drought and flood of water bodies. Multifractals and lacunarity analysis were required for more accurate characterisation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Language
  14. Fulltext Development of Malay Version of Vertigo Symptom Scale (MVVSS) for clinical use
    Zuraida, Z., Mohd Normani, Din Suhaimi, S., Zalina, I., Geshina, M. S.
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2010;6(2):31-39.
    MyJurnal
    Background: Vertigo Symptom Scale (VSS) by Yardley et al. (1992) is one of the disease specific
    questionnaires used widely in clinical settings. It is conducted in English and had been translated into six languages including Dutch, French, German, Spanish, Swedish, and Turkish. It has been acknowledged as a good subjective tool to determine the severity of balance disorders. Objective: To develop a valid Malay version of VSS (MVVSS) using appropriate translation methods and validation technique. Method: Forward and backward translation was performed by four professionals from different fields. The translated questionnaire was then assessed for its test reliability based on an experiment on 30 normal subjects. Further, to determine the cultural adaptation issues, the face validity of MVVSS was assessed from 32 normal subjects. They were asked to fill in the MVVSS questionnaire accordingly and give opinions regarding its language, understanding and overall format of questionnaire. Results: Final results of the translation process showed sufficient concurrence among the professionals involved. The reliability test among the normal subjects also showed a high Cronbach’s alpha value (0.90). The face validity method on 32 subjects (mean age of 29.9 ± 9.2 years) showed good feedbacks in terms of language, understanding and overall format of the MVVSS. Conclusion: The translation process was successful and the further validation showed an adequate face validity response. This suggests that our MVVSS has been culturally adapted and can be used in all Malay conversing patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Language
  15. Asian adaptation and validation of an English version of the multiple sclerosis international quality of life questionnaire (MusiQoL)
    Thumboo J, Seah A, Tan CT, Singhal BS, Ong B
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 2011 Feb;40(2):67-73.
    PMID: 21468459
    INTRODUCTION: The Multiple Sclerosis International Quality of Life questionnaire (MusiQoL) is a self-administered, multi-dimensional, patient-based health-related quality of life (HRQoL) instrument. With increasing prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Asian countries, a valid tool to assess HRQoL in those patients is needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate patient acceptability, content validity and psychometric properties of an Asian version of the English MusiQoL in Singapore, Malaysia and India.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: English speaking patients older than 18 years of age with a defi nite diagnosis of MS were included. The self-administered survey material included the adapted HRQoL questionnaire, a validated generic HRQoL questionnaire: the short-form 36 (SF-36), as well as a checklist of 14 symptoms. We assessed the internal and external validity of the adapted MusiQoL.

    RESULTS: A total of 81 patients with MS were included in the study. The questionnaire was generally well accepted. In the samples from Malaysia and Singapore, all scales exhibited good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha >0.70). Correlation to SF-36 was generally good, demonstrating high construct validity (P <0.001) in some aspects of the MusiQoL.

    CONCLUSION: The Asian adaptation of the English version of the MusiQoL in evaluating HRQoL seems to be a valid, reliable tool with adequate patient acceptability and internal consistency.

    Matched MeSH terms: Language
  16. Acquisition of Malay word recognition skills: lessons from low-progress early readers
    Lee LW, Wheldall K
    Dyslexia, 2011 Feb;17(1):19-37.
    PMID: 21241030 DOI: 10.1002/dys.421
    Malay is a consistent alphabetic orthography with complex syllable structures. The focus of this research was to investigate word recognition performance in order to inform reading interventions for low-progress early readers. Forty-six Grade 1 students were sampled and 11 were identified as low-progress readers. The results indicated that both syllable awareness and phoneme blending were significant predictors of word recognition, suggesting that both syllable and phonemic grain-sizes are important in Malay word recognition. Item analysis revealed a hierarchical pattern of difficulty based on the syllable and the phonic structure of the words. Error analysis identified the sources of errors to be errors due to inefficient syllable segmentation, oversimplification of syllables, insufficient grapheme-phoneme knowledge and inefficient phonemic code assembly. Evidence also suggests that direct instruction in syllable segmentation, phonemic awareness and grapheme-phoneme correspondence is necessary for low-progress readers to acquire word recognition skills. Finally, a logical sequence to teach grapheme-phoneme decoding in Malay is suggested.
    Matched MeSH terms: Language
  17. Bedside teaching in undergraduate medical education: issues, strategies, and new models for better preparation of new generation doctors
    Salam A, Siraj HH, Mohamad N, Das S, Rabeya Y
    Iran J Med Sci, 2011 Mar;36(1):1-6.
    PMID: 23365470
    Bedside teaching is a vital component of medical education. It is applicable to any situation where teaching is imparted in the presence of patients. In teaching in the patients' presence, learners have the opportunities to use all of their senses and learn the humanistic aspect of medicine such as role modeling, which is vital but difficult to communicate in words. Unfortunately, bedside teaching has been on the decline. To investigate the reasons for the decline in bedside teaching, its importance and its revival, a review of literature was carried out using PubMed and other data bases. The review revealed that the major concerns of bedside teaching were time constraint, false preceptors' concern about patients' comfort, short stay of patients in hospitals, learner distraction by technology, lack of experience and unrealistic faculty expectation. Whatsoever the reasons, bedside teaching cannot be replaced with anything else. There are newer approaches of effective bedside teaching, and the core focus of all such approaches is educational process. A bedside teacher must learn how to involve patients and learners in the educational processes. Moreover, bedside teaching is the process through which learners acquire the skills of communication by asking patients' permission, establishing ground rules, setting time limit, introducing the team, diagnosing learner, diagnosing patient, conducting focused teaching, using simple language, asking patient if there is any question, closing with encouraging thanks, and giving feedback privately. It is most important to ensure a comfortable environment for all participants, the learner, the patient and the bedside teacher. Ongoing faculty development programs on educational processes and realistic faculty expectations may overcome the problems.
    Matched MeSH terms: Language
  18. Validity of the FACT-H&N (v 4.0) among Malaysian oral cancer patients
    Doss JG, Thomson WM, Drummond BK, Raja Latifah RJ
    Oral Oncol, 2011 Jul;47(7):648-52.
    PMID: 21602094 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2011.04.023
    To assess the cross-sectional construct validity of the Malay-translated and cross-culturally adapted FACT-H&N (v 4.0) for discriminative use in a sample of Malaysian oral cancer patients. A cross-sectional study of adults newly diagnosed with oral cancer. HRQOL data were collected using the FACT-H&N (v 4.0), a global question and a supplementary set of eight questions ('MAQ') obtained earlier in pilot work. Of the 76 participants (61.8% female; 23.7% younger than 50), most (96.1%) had oral squamous cell carcinoma; two-thirds were in Stages III or IV. At baseline, patients' mean FACT summary (FACT-G, FACT-H&N, FACT-H&N TOI, and FHNSI) and subscale (pwb, swb, ewb, fwb, and hnsc) scores were towards the higher end of the range. Equal proportions (36.8%) rated their overall HRQOL as 'good' or 'average'; fewer than one-quarter rated it as 'poor', and only two as 'very good'. All six FACT summary and most subscales had moderate-to-good internal consistency. For all summary scales, those with 'very poor/poor' self-rated HRQOL differed significantly from the 'good/very good' group. All FACT summary scales correlated strongly (r>0.75). Summary scales showed convergent validity (r>0.90) but little discriminant validity. The discriminant validity of the FHNSI improved with the addition of the MAQ. The FACT-H&N summary scales and most subscales demonstrated acceptable cross-sectional construct validity, reliability and discriminative ability, and thus appear appropriate for further use among Malaysian oral cancer patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Language
  19. A comparison of Malaysian and Australian speech-language pathologists' practices with children with developmental disabilities who are pre-symbolic
    Joginder Singh S, Iacono T, Gray KM
    Int J Speech Lang Pathol, 2011 Oct;13(5):389-98.
    PMID: 21888557 DOI: 10.3109/17549507.2011.603429
    The aim of this study was to explore the assessment, intervention, and family-centred practices of Malaysian and Australian speech-language pathologists (SLPs) when working with children with developmental disabilities who are pre-symbolic. A questionnaire was developed for the study, which was completed by 65 SLPs from Malaysia and 157 SLPs from Australia. Data reduction techniques were used prior to comparison of responses across questionnaire items. Results indicated that SLPs relied mostly on informal assessments. Malaysian and Australian SLPs differed significantly in terms of obtaining information from outside the clinic to inform assessment. When providing intervention, SLPs focused mostly on improving children's pre-verbal skills. A third of Australian SLPs listed the introduction of some form of symbolic communication as an early intervention goal, compared to only a small percentage of Malaysian SLPs. Regarding family involvement, SLPs most often involved mothers, with fathers and siblings being involved to a lesser extent. Overall, it appeared that practices of Malaysian SLPs had been influenced by developments in research, although there were some areas of service delivery that continued to rely on traditional models. Factors leading to similarities and differences in practice of SLPs from both countries as well as clinical and research implications of the study are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Speech-Language Pathology/methods*
  20. Validation study of the Leeds Dyspepsia Questionnaire in a multi-ethnic Asian population
    Mahadeva S, Chan WK, Mohazmi M, Sujarita R, Goh KL
    J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2011 Nov;26(11):1669-76.
    PMID: 21649731 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2011.06806.x
    BACKGROUND AND AIM:
    Outcome measures for clinical trials in dyspepsia require an assessment of symptom response. There is a lack of validated instruments assessing dyspepsia symptoms in the Asian region. We aimed to translate and validate the Leeds Dyspepsia Questionnaire (LDQ) in a multi-ethnic Asian population.

    METHODS:
    A Malay and culturally adapted English version of the LDQ were developed according to established protocols. Psychometric evaluation was performed by assessing the validity, internal consistency, test-retest reliability and responsiveness of the instruments in both primary and secondary care patients.

    RESULTS:
    Between April and September 2010, both Malay (n=166) and Malaysian English (n=154) versions were assessed in primary and secondary care patients. Both language versions were found to be reliable (internal consistency was 0.80 and 0.74 (Cronbach's α) for Malay and English, respectively; spearman's correlation coefficient for test-retest reliability was 0.98 for both versions), valid (area under receiver operating curve for accuracy of diagnosing dyspepsia was 0.71 and 0.77 for Malay and English versions, respectively), discriminative (median LDQ score discriminated between primary and secondary care patients in Malay (11.0 vs 20.0, P<0.0001) and English (10.0 vs 14.0, P=0.001), and responsive (median LDQ score reduced after treatment in Malay (17.0 to 14.0, P=0.08) and English (18.0 to 11.0, P=0.008) to dyspepsia.

    CONCLUSIONS:
    The Malaysian versions of the LDQ are valid, reliable and responsive instruments for assessing symptoms in a multi-ethnic Asian population with dyspepsia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Language
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