Displaying publications 61 - 80 of 4218 in total

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  1. Fulltext Risk factors and outcomes of imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter bloodstream infection in North-Eastern Malaysia
    Deris ZZ, Shafei MN, Harun A
    Asian Pac J Trop Biomed, 2011 Aug;1(4):313-5.
    PMID: 23569782 DOI: 10.1016/S2221-1691(11)60050-6
    To determine the risk factors and outcomes of imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (IRAB) bloodstream infection (BSI) cases, since there is very little publication on Acinetobacter baumannii infections from Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
  2. Contrecoup injury in patients with traumatic temporal bone fracture
    Asha'Ari ZA, Ahmad R, Rahman J, Kamarudin N, Ishlah LW
    J Laryngol Otol, 2011 Aug;125(8):781-5.
    PMID: 21524330 DOI: 10.1017/S0022215111000545
    To study the prevalence and patterns of contrecoup injury in traumatic temporal bone fracture cases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
  3. Fulltext Molecular detection of Rickettsia felis, Bartonella henselae, and B. clarridgeiae in fleas from domestic dogs and cats in Malaysia
    Mokhtar AS, Tay ST
    Am J Trop Med Hyg, 2011 Nov;85(5):931-3.
    PMID: 22049052 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2011.10-0634
    The presence of Rickettsia felis, Bartonella henselae and B. clarridgeiae in 209 fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) obtained from domestic cats and dogs in several locations in Malaysia was investigated in this study. Using a polymerase chain reaction specific for the citrate synthase (gltA) and 17-kD antigenic protein (17kD) genes of rickettsiae, we detected R. felis DNA in 6 (2.9%) fleas. For detection of bartonellae, amplification of the heme-binding protein (pap31) and riboflavin synthase (ribC) genes identified B. henselae and B. clarridgeiae DNA in 24 (11.5%) and 40 (19.1%) fleas, respectively. The DNA of B. henselae and B. clarridgeiae was detected in 10 (4.8%) fleas. Two B. henselae genogroups (Marseille and Houston-1) were detected in this study; genogroup Marseille (genotype Fizz) was found more often in the fleas. The findings in this study suggest fleas as potential vectors of rickettsioses and cat-scratch disease in this country.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
  4. mec-associated dru typing in the epidemiological analysis of ST239 MRSA in Malaysia
    Ghaznavi-Rad E, Goering RV, Nor Shamsudin M, Weng PL, Sekawi Z, Tavakol M, et al.
    Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 2011 Nov;30(11):1365-9.
    PMID: 21479532 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-011-1230-1
    The usefulness of mec-associated dru typing in the epidemiological analysis of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated in Malaysia was investigated and compared with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and spa and SCCmec typing. The isolates studied included all MRSA types in Malaysia. Multilocus sequence type ST188 and ST1 isolates were highly clonal by all typing methods. However, the dru typing of ST239 isolates produced the clearest discrimination between SCCmec IIIa and III isolates, yielding more subtypes than any other method. Evaluation of the discriminatory power for each method identified dru typing and PFGE as the most discriminatory, with Simpson's index of diversity (SID) values over 89%, including an isolate which was non-typeable by spa, but dru-typed as dt13j. The discriminatory ability of dru typing, especially with closely related MRSA ST239 strains (e.g., Brazilian and Hungarian), underscores its utility as a tool for the epidemiological investigation of MRSA.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
  5. Fulltext High prevalence of human papillomavirus DNA detected in cervical swabs from women in southern Selangor, Malaysia
    Chong PP, Asyikin N, Rusinahayati M, Halimatun S, Rozita R, Ng CK, et al.
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2010;11(6):1645-51.
    PMID: 21338211
    Persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is known to play an important role in the genesis of cervical cancer. Since new screening and prevention strategies, namely improved HPV testing and HPV vaccination have been aggressively promoted recently, it is crucial to investigate the HPV distribution in Malaysia in order to maximize their cost-effectiveness. This study was therefore conducted to assess the HPV type distribution in the most populous region, the state of Selangor. A total of 200 cervical swab samples were collected in two health-screening campaigns, and also from women attending obstetrics and gynecology clinics in several hospitals in Selangor. DNA extraction was performed and HPV DNA was detected via nested PCR using MY09/MY11 as outer primers and GP5+/GP6+ as inner primers which target the L1 gene of the viral genome. The purified PCR products were subjected to automated DNA sequencing to determine the HPV genotype. Out of 180 β-globin positive samples, 84 (46.7%) were positive for HPV DNA. The most common HPV type found was high-risk oncogenic type 16 (40%), followed by HPV type 18 (3.3%), HPV 33 (1.7%), HPV 31 (0.6%), and low-risk HPV 87 (0.6%). Our study confirmed that nested PCR method is highly sensitive in detecting HPV DNA even in low risk patients. Since a relatively high prevalence rate of HPV infection was found in this population, prompt healthcare policy changes to bring about implementation of early HPV vaccination program is desirable to prevent a high incidence of cervical cancer.

    Study site: Gynaecology and Obstetrics Clinics in Selangor (Hospital Kajang, Hospital Serdang, and the Britannia Women and Children Specialist Centre)
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
  6. The prevalence of tongue lesions in Malaysian dental outpatients from the Klang Valley area
    Koay CL, Lim JA, Siar CH
    Oral Dis, 2011 Mar;17(2):210-6.
    PMID: 20796228 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2010.01724.x
    OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of tongue lesions in Malaysian dental outpatients from the Klang Valley area.
    SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted on 600 Malaysian outpatients (257 men, 343 women, mean age, 37.7 years) attending the Primary Dental Care Unit at the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya. Demographic and medical data were recorded for all respondents.
    RESULTS: One hundred eighty-one patients (30.2%) (81 men, 100 women, mean age 42.0 years) were diagnosed with at least one tongue lesion (n = 207) at the time of examination. Of these, 24 patients (4%) had two or more tongue lesions present synchronously. Seven different lesions were diagnosed: fissured tongue (13.8%), crenated tongue (7.8%), pigmented tongue (6.2%), geographic tongue (2.2%), ankyloglossia (1.7%), hairy tongue (1.0%) and median rhomboid glossitis (0.2%). Their racial prevalences were Malays (n = 65, 10.8%), Indians (n = 62, 10.3%), Chinese (n = 53, 8.8%) and other race (n = 1, 0.2%). A significant relationship was observed between crenated tongue and race; between four types of tongue lesions (fissured tongue, geographic tongue, crenated tongue and pigmented tongue) and age; and between fissured tongue and gender (P 
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
  7. A cross-sectional observation of the factors associated with deliberate self-poisoning with acetaminophen: impact of gender differences and psychiatric intervention
    Zyoud SH, Awang R, Sulaiman SA, Al-Jabi SW
    Hum Psychopharmacol, 2010 Aug;25(6):500-8.
    PMID: 20737523 DOI: 10.1002/hup.1140
    The objectives of this study were to determine the risk factors and life stressors that are prevalent among the acetaminophen deliberate self-poisoning (DSP) cases, to identify gender differences in the associated factors, and to determine the prevalence of psychiatric diagnosis and the patterns and types of psychotherapeutic interventions provided by psychiatrists.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
  8. Statin use prior to ischemic stroke onset is associated with decreased in-hospital mortality
    Hassan Y, Al-Jabi SW, Aziz NA, Looi I, Zyoud SH
    Fundam Clin Pharmacol, 2011 Jun;25(3):388-94.
    PMID: 20608996 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2010.00846.x
    Statins can reduce the risk of stroke in at-risk populations and improve survival after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) among patients with previous statin use. This study aimed to investigate the impact of statin use before AIS onset on in-hospital mortality and identify the factors related to in-hospital mortality among patients with and without previous statin use. A retrospective cohort study of all patients with AIS attending hospital from June 1, 2008 to December 31, 2008. Data were collected from medical records including demographic information, diagnostic information, risk factors, previous statin use, and vital discharge status. Chi-square, Fisher's exact tests, student's t-test, and Mann-Whitney U test, whatever appropriate, were used to test the significance between the variables, and multiple logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with in-hospital mortality. Altogether, 386 patients with AIS were studied, of which 113 (29.3%) had a documented previous statin use. A total of 62 (16.1%) patients with AIS died in hospital. In-hospital mortality was significantly lower among previous statin users (P = 0.013). The presence of atrial fibrillation (AF) increased in-hospital mortality among patients with or without previous statin use. The independent predictors for in-hospital mortality among AIS patients without previous statin use were the presence of diabetes mellitus (P = 0.047), AF (P = 0.045), and renal impairment (P < 0.001). The prophylactic administration of statins significantly reduces post-AIS in-hospital mortality. Furthermore, the identification of predictors of in-hospital mortality might reduce death rates and enhance the application of specific therapeutic and management strategies to patients at a high risk of dying.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
  9. A retrospective study of oral and maxillofacial injuries in Seremban Hospital, Malaysia
    Ramli R, Rahman NA, Rahman RA, Hussaini HM, Hamid AL
    Dent Traumatol, 2011 Apr;27(2):122-6.
    PMID: 21281443 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-9657.2010.00968.x
    Aetiology of oral and maxillofacial injuries in this country includes motorvehicle accident (MVA), fall, industrial accidents and others. Among these causes, MVA accident is the predominant cause of injury in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
  10. Fulltext A survey of knowledge of sexually transmitted infections among patients at a public hospital in Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
    Anwar M, Sulaiman SA, Khan TM
    Med Princ Pract, 2010;19(4):312-8.
    PMID: 20516709 DOI: 10.1159/000312719
    OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the patients' knowledge and awareness of sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
    SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A face-to-face interview was conducted among the patients visiting the Venereal Diseases Outpatient Department of the General Hospital of Pulau Pinang (Malaysia). A 19-item questionnaire was used. A total of 116 patients participated in the study and 107 patients had valid responses. The reliability and internal consistency of the questionnaire tool was estimated on the basis of Cronbach's alpha (= 0.81). The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 13.0(R)) was used for data analysis. Student's t test and analysis of variance were used to analyse the knowledge differences among the groups.
    RESULTS: Of the 107 patients, 82 (76.6%) were diagnosed with syphilis; AIDS was the most commonly known STI among the patients. Of the 107 patients, 35 were sexually active and of these 23 (65.7%) had more than 1 sexual partner. The most popular source of knowledge was newspapers (51 patients, 47.7%), with hospitals (3 patients, 2.8%) being the least popular one. Overall mean score on knowledge questions was 12.21 out of the maximum of 33 points. Knowledge about causative organisms, risk groups, transmission, symptoms, prevention and treatment of STIs was inadequate. The knowledge level was significantly related to gender (p = 0.03), religion (p = 0.005), educational level (p = 0.000), marital status (p = 0.000) and income level (p = 0.036).
    CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated evidence of poor knowledge of STIs amongst the patients attending an STI service in the General Hospital of Pulau Pinang (Malaysia). Hence there is an immediate need for efforts towards improving patient knowledge of STIs.
    Study site: Venereal Diseases Outpatient Department, General Hospital Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
  11. Fulltext Susceptible and protective HLA class 1 alleles against dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever patients in a Malaysian population
    Appanna R, Ponnampalavanar S, Lum Chai See L, Sekaran SD
    PLoS One, 2010;5(9).
    PMID: 20927388 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013029
    The human leukocyte antigen alleles have been implicated as probable genetic markers in predicting the susceptibility and/or protection to severe manifestations of dengue virus (DENV) infection. In this present study, we aimed to investigate for the first time, the genotype variants of HLA Class 1(-A and -B) of DENV infected patients against healthy individuals in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
  12. Subclinical coronary artery disease in Asian rheumatoid arthritis patients who were in remission: a pilot study
    Ma NH, Teh CL, Rapaee A, Lau KB, Fong AY, Hi S, et al.
    Int J Rheum Dis, 2010 Aug;13(3):223-9.
    PMID: 20704618 DOI: 10.1111/j.1756-185X.2010.01533.x
    INTRODUCTION: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients who have active disease with longer disease duration have been reported to have increased risk of cardiovascular events compared to the normal population.
    OBJECTIVE: The primary aim of our study is to ascertain the prevalence of significant asymptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD) in Asian RA patients who are in remission using multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT). The secondary aims of our study are the usage of pulse wave velocity and the biomarkers N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and high-senstivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) to detect subclinical atherosclerosis in RA patients.
    METHODS: We performed a comparative cross-sectional study of 47 RA patients who were in remission with a control group of non-RA patients with a history of atypical chest pain in Sarawak General Hospital from November 2008 to February 2009. All patients underwent 64-slice MDCT, assessment of arterial stiffness using the SphygmoCor test and blood analysis for NT-proBNP and hsCRP.
    RESULTS: There were 94 patients in our study with a mean age of 50 +/- 8.8 years. The RA and control patients in each group were matched in terms of traditional CV risk factors. Our RA patients had a median disease duration of 3 years (IQR 5.5). MDCT showed evidence of CAD in nine (19.1%) RA patients and three (6.4%) control patients (P = 0.06). There was no significant association between pulse wave velocity (PWV) and presence of CAD in our RA group. There was no significant correlation between PWV with levels of proBNP or hsCRP in our RA patients.
    CONCLUSIONS: In our current pilot study with the limitation of small sample size, RA was not associated with an increased risk of CAD in our RA patients who were in remission. Larger studies of CAD in Asian RA patients are needed to confirm our current finding.
    Study site: Sarawak General Hospital, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
  13. Public sources of information and information needs for pandemic influenza A(H1N1)
    Wong LP, Sam IC
    J Community Health, 2010 Dec;35(6):676-82.
    PMID: 20411411 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-010-9271-4
    Providing health information during disease outbreaks is a fundamental component of outbreak control strategies. This study aimed to explore sources of influenza A(H1N1)-related information, specific information needs and preferences of the lay public during the peak of the outbreak. A cross-sectional, population-based, computer-assisted telephone interview of 1,050 respondents was conducted in Malaysia between July 11 and September 12, 2009. Newspaper, television and family were three main sources of information about A(H1N1). There were substantial ethnic differences; the Malays were significantly more likely to identify television as main source, while newspapers and family were identified as the main sources by the Chinese and Indians, respectively. Overall, the two main information needs identified were prevention and treatment. The Malays expressed lesser need for overall information than other ethnic groups. The three most preferred sources of information were television, newspapers and healthcare providers. There were significant positive correlations between amount of information received with knowledge (r = 0.149), perceived susceptibility to infection (r = 0.177), and other behavioral responses. Health information dissemination should be dedicated to meeting the information needs of diverse sociodemographic and ethnic groups. The findings highlight the importance of providing information that increases awareness and behavioral changes in disease prevention yet reduce fear.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
  14. Molecular identification of Cryptosporidium parvum from avian hosts
    Quah JX, Ambu S, Lim YA, Mahdy MA, Mak JW
    Parasitology, 2011 Apr;138(5):573-7.
    PMID: 21232175 DOI: 10.1017/S0031182010001691
    Cryptosporidium species are protozoan parasites that infect humans and a wide variety of animals. This study was aimed at identifying Cryptosporidium species and genotypes isolated from avian hosts. A total of 90 samples from 37 different species of birds were collected throughout a 3-month period from April 2008 to June 2008 in the National Zoo of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Prior to molecular characterization, all samples were screened for Cryptosporidium using a modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique. Subsequently samples were analysed with nested-PCR targeting the partial SSU rRNA gene. Amplicons were sequenced in both directions and used for phylogenetic analysis using Neighbour-Joining and Maximum Parsimony methods. Although 9 (10%) samples were positive for Cryptosporidium via microscopy, 8 (8.9%) produced amplicons using nested PCR. Phylogenetic trees identified all the isolates as Cryptosporidium parvum. Although C. parvum has not been reported to cause infection in birds, and the role of birds in this study was postulated mainly as mechanical transporters, these present findings highlight the significant public health risk posed by birds that harbour the zoonotic species of Cryptosporidium.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
  15. Diagnostic challenges in tuberculous otitis media
    Tang IP, Prepageran N, Ong CA, Puraviappan P
    J Laryngol Otol, 2010 Aug;124(8):913-5.
    PMID: 20426886 DOI: 10.1017/S0022215110000265
    To demonstrate the different clinical presentations of tuberculous otitis media and the management of selected cases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
  16. High prevalence of hypokalemia after acute acetaminophen overdose: impact of psychiatric illness
    Zyoud SH, Awang R, Syed Sulaiman SA, Al-jabi SW
    Hum Exp Toxicol, 2010 Sep;29(9):773-8.
    PMID: 20144962 DOI: 10.1177/0960327110361759
    Hypokalemia is not an isolated disease but an associated finding in a number of different diseases. It is also a commonly neglected condition among patients with acute acetaminophen overdose.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
  17. Chronic atrophic antral gastritis and risk of metaplasia and dysplasia in an area with low prevalence of Helicobacter pylori
    Yeh LY, Raj M, Hassan S, Aziz SA, Othman NH, Mutum SS, et al.
    Indian J Gastroenterol, 2009 08 21;28(2):49-52.
    PMID: 19696988 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-009-0017-0
    INTRODUCTION: The Northeastern region of Peninsular Malaysia is an area with exceptionally low prevalence for Helicobacter pylori infection. The risk of intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) and its association with Helicobacter pylori is unknown in this region.

    METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study on gastric biopsies from 234 consecutive patients (mean age 53.5 [14.8] years) who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy between January 2006 and December 2006.

    RESULTS: There were 137 (59%) men and 185 (79%) Malay patients. Among 234 biopsies, CAG was found in 99 and non-atrophic gastritis in 135. Intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia were detected in 8 and 6 atrophic gastritis biopsies, respectively, and in 10 and 3 of non-atrophic gastritis biopsies, respectively. H. pylori were detected in 16 (9 Malays, 7 non- Malays) biopsies (p=0.024); intestinal metaplasia was detected in 4 biopsies (p=0.3) and dysplasia in 5 biopsies (p=0.3). Of the 218 biopsies negative for H. pylori, intestinal metaplasia was found in 14 and dysplasia in 4. The risk of intestinal metaplasia as well as dysplasia was associated with presence of H. pylori infection (p=0.029 and p<0.001 respectively).

    CONCLUSION: Even in a setting of low prevalence of H. pylori, intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia were significantly associated with H. pylori infection. The frequency of intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia was similar different between biopsies with atrophic gastritis and non-atrophic gastritis.

    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
  18. Association between gastrointestinal manifestations following acetaminophen poisoning and outcome in 291 acetaminophen poisoning patients
    Zyoud SH, Awang R, Sulaiman SA, Al-Jabi SW
    Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf, 2010 May;19(5):511-7.
    PMID: 20333776 DOI: 10.1002/pds.1940
    Acetaminophen poisoning is a common clinical problem, and early identification of patients with more severe poisoning is key to improving outcomes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
  19. Fulltext Non-typhoidal Salmonella bacteraemia: epidemiology, clinical characteristics and its' association with severe immunosuppression
    Dhanoa A, Fatt QK
    Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob, 2009;8:15.
    PMID: 19445730 DOI: 10.1186/1476-0711-8-15
    Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) is increasingly recognized as an important pathogen associated with bacteraemia especially in immunosuppressed patients. However, there is limited data specifically describing the clinical characteristics and outcome amongst the immunosuppressed patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
  20. C-erbB-2 onco-protein expression in breast cancer: relationship to tumour characteristics and short-term survival in Universiti Kebansaan Malaysia Medical Centre
    Sharifah NA, Lee BR, Clarence-Ko CH, Tan GC, Shiran MS, Naqiyah I, et al.
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2008 Oct-Dec;9(4):663-70.
    PMID: 19271345
    Breast cancer is the commonest cancer affecting females in Malaysia, contributing 31% of all newly diagnosed cases amongst Malaysian women. The present retrospective cohort study evaluated the relationship between cerbB- 2 onco-protein overexpression with various tumour characteristics and survival rate of breast cancer patients treated at the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC) between 1996-2000. CerbB- 2 oncoprotein overexpression was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and tumors showing 2+ positivity were verified by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH). One hundred and seventy two patients were eligible for the study with a short-term follow-up (median) of 5.1 years. C-erbB-2 oncoprotein overexpression correlated with lymph node positivity, oestrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) negativity. Univariate analyses showed shorter disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with cerbB- 2 oncoprotein overexpression, Malay ethnicity, higher tumour grade, lymph node positivity, ER and PR negativity. In a subgroup of patients with c-erbB-2 oncoprotein overexpression, a shorter OS was observed in those with lymph node positivity, ER and PR negativity. In multivariate prognostic analysis, lymph node status, ER status and tumour grading were the strongest independent prognostic factors for both OS and DFS. However, c-erbB-2 status was not a significantly independent prognostic factor, even in subsets with lymph node positive or negative group. C-erbB-2 oncoprotein overexpression correlated well with lymph node status, ER and PR. Shorter OS and DFS were significantly observed in patients with c-erbB-2 oncoprotein overexpression. Lymph node status, ER status and tumour grading were the only three independent prognostic factors for OS and DFS in this study. Although c-erbB-2 expression is obviously important from a biological standpoint, multivariate analysis showed that it is not an independent prognostic indicator in breast carcinoma in the local population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
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