MyMedR

Industrial radiotracer application in flow rate measurement and flowmeter calibration using 99mTc and 198Au nanoparticles radioisotope

Mohd Yunos MAS, Hussain SA, Sipaun SM

Appl Radiat Isot, 2019 Jan;143:24-28.

PMID: 30368049 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2018.10.008

The flow rate or fluid velocity measurement is important to maintain fluid flow quality performance in the systems. This study focuses on determination of volumetric flow rate measurement and to calibrate the conventional flowmeter using industrial radiotracer approach in quadrilateral gas-liquid bubble column reactor. In this work, two different radioisotopes which emit γ-ray have been chosen as radioactive tracer which is 99mTc produced from 99Mo/99mTc radioisotope generator and 198Au nanoparticle form neutron activation at research nuclear reactor TRIGA Mark II. Both radioisotopes representing liquid and solid tracer purposely designed for tracing liquid flow. The peak to peak radiotracer method known as pulse velocity method was applied to determine the volumetric flow rate. The radiation signals were monitored using 4 unit NaI scintillation detectors located at 4 different points nearby the inlet and outlet of the quadrilateral bubble column reactor process stream. The water volume inside the bubble column reactor was fixed at 0.04 m3 and liquid flow rates in this reactor were specified on installed flowmeter at different reference value which is 4 lpm, 8 lpm, and 12 lpm, respectively. The experimental result shows very good linearity and repeatability by following the theoretical equations with less uncertainty in volumetric flow rate measurement. The obtained results also validated the effectiveness of the proposed method for the installed flowmeter calibration efficiency.

Matched MeSH terms: Reference Values

Fulltext Right heart haemodynamics in normal Malaysian subjects

Omar A, Fong CY, Singham KT

Med J Malaysia, 1985 Dec;40(4):307-11.

PMID: 3842730

The right heart pressures and saturations at different sites were measured in 87 normal individuals over a 16-year period during heart cardiac catheterisation. The right heart pressure measurements were comparable with normal values reported in Caucasian subjects. However, the total pulmonary vascular resistance and systemic vascular resistance were significantly different, though the pulmonary vascular resistance was comparable.

Matched MeSH terms: Reference Values

Fulltext Determination of trimester specific reference intervals for thyroid hormones during pregnancy in Malaysian women

Thevarajah M, Chew YY, Lim SC, Sabir N, Sickan J

Malays J Pathol, 2009 Jun;31(1):23-7.

PMID: 19694310 MyJurnal

To establish trimester specific reference intervals for thyroid hormones during pregnancy in Malaysian women.

Matched MeSH terms: Reference Values

Fulltext Differential expression of stem cell-like proteins in normal, hyperplastic and dysplastic oral epithelium

Barakat SM, Siar CH

J Appl Oral Sci, 2015 Jan-Feb;23(1):79-86.

PMID: 25760270 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720140245

The identification of stem cells (SC) remains challenging. In the human oral mucosal epithelium, these cells are believed to be in the basal layer (stem cell niche), but their exact location is unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the dysplastic oral epithelium for these SC-like proteins in order to assess their diagnostic value as biomarkers complementing the histological grading of dysplasia.

Matched MeSH terms: Reference Values

Fulltext Application of computer vision in the detection of chilling injury in bananas

Norhashila Hashim, Rimfiel B. Janius, Russly Abdul Rahman, Azizah Osman, Zude, Manuela, Shitan, Mahendran

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2013;21(1):111-118.

MyJurnal

Bananas were chilled at 6oC and the appearance of brown spots when exposed to ambient air, a
phenomenon known as chilling injury (CI), was detected using computer vision. The system consisted of a digital colour camera for acquiring images, an illumination set-up for uniform lighting, a computer for receiving, storing and displaying of images and software for analyzing the images. The RGB colour space values of the images were transformed into that of HSI colour space which is intuitive to human vision. Visual assessment of CI by means of a browning scale was used as a reference and correlation between this reference values and hue was investigated. Results of the computer vision study successfully demonstrate the potential of the system in substituting visual assessment in the evaluation of CI in bananas. The results indicate significant influence, at α=0.05, of treatment days and temperature on hue. A strong correlation was also found between hue and visual assessment with R>0.85.

Matched MeSH terms: Reference Values

Effects of salinity and pre-exposure on acute cadmium toxicity to seabass, Lates calcarifer

Shazili NA

Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 1995 Jan;54(1):22-8.

PMID: 7756781

Matched MeSH terms: Reference Values

Fulltext Central corneal thickness and intraocular pressure in Malay children

Heidary F, Gharebaghi R, Wan Hitam WH, Naing NN, Wan-Arfah N, Shatriah I

PLoS One, 2011;6(10):e25208.

PMID: 21998644 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025208

To determine the mean values for central corneal thickness (CCT) and intraocular pressure (IOP) and the relationship between these values, in healthy Malay children to serve as reference values in diagnosis and treatment.

Matched MeSH terms: Reference Values

Translaminar screw fixation of the cervical spine in Asian population: feasibility and safety consideration based on computerized tomographic measurements

Yusof MI, Shamsi SS

Surg Radiol Anat, 2012 Apr;34(3):203-7.

PMID: 21947622 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-011-0869-8

Cervical translaminar screw fixation has been shown to be safe, efficient and provides alternative for cervical fixation. However, its use in the Asian population should be considered cautiously because the cervical lamina diameter may not be adequate to accommodate the standard lamina screw size. We studied the average transverse lamina diameter of the cervical spine in the Malaysian population to evaluate the feasibility and safety of lamina screw fixation in this population.

Matched MeSH terms: Reference Values

Fulltext The effects of foot position on lower extremity kinematics during single leg squat among adolescent male athletes

Mohd Azhar N, Affandi NF, Mail MSZ, Shaharudin S

J Taibah Univ Med Sci, 2019 Aug;14(4):343-349.

PMID: 31488966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2019.06.007

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of transverse plane foot position on lower limb kinematics during a single leg squat.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among highly-trained male athletes. Only participants who showed normal knee valgus during a drop landing screening test were recruited. Twelve junior athletes performed single leg squats while maintaining a knee flexion angle of 60°. The squats were executed in three foot positions: neutral (0°), adduction (-10°), and abduction (+10°). Three-dimensional motion analysis was used to capture the lower extremity kinematics of the participants' preferred limb. The hip and knee kinematics in the sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes during squatting were compared across the three foot positions using one-way ANOVA.

Results: The participants showed a normal range of dynamic knee valgus (5.3°±1.6). No statistically significant differences were observed in hip flexion (p = 0.322), adduction (p = 0.834), or internal rotation (p = 0.967) across different foot positions. Similarly, no statistically significant differences were observed in knee flexion (p = 0.489), adduction (p = 0.822), or internal rotation (p = 0.971) across different foot positions.

Conclusion: Small changes in transverse plane foot position do not affect lower extremity kinematics during single leg squat in highly trained adolescent males with normal dynamic knee valgus. Our findings may provide guidance on safer techniques for landing, pivoting, and cutting during training and game situations.

Matched MeSH terms: Reference Values

Normal serum immunoglobulin G, A and M levels in full term Malaysian newborns

Yadav M, Shah FH

Med J Malaysia, 1979 Mar;33(3):247-51.

PMID: 522730

Matched MeSH terms: Reference Values

Fulltext Vitamin D and its relationship with markers of bone metabolism in healthy Asian women

Tan KM, Saw S, Sethi SK

J Clin Lab Anal, 2013 Jul;27(4):301-4.

PMID: 23852789 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.21602

BACKGROUND: In this study, we aimed to determine the normal ranges of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D(3) (25-OHD(3)), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and the markers of bone turnover, procollagen type 1 N propeptide (P1NP) and C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX), in normal healthy women in Singapore, and to explore the relationship between vitamin D, PTH, and these markers of bone turnover in the women.

METHODS: One hundred and ninety-seven healthy women, aged 25 to 60, were selected from a hospital staff health screening program; 68% were Chinese, 18% Malay, and 14% Indian. P1NP, CTX, and 25-OHD(3) were measured using the Roche Cobas® electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Serum PTH was measured using the Siemens ADVIA Centaur® immunoassay.

RESULTS: Sixty-five percent had 25-OHD(3) concentrations <50 nmol/l. Vitamin D insufficiency (25-OHD(3) < 50 nmol/l) was more prevalent in Malays (89%) and Indians (82%) compared to Chinese (56%). There was no correlation between vitamin D and age. PTH positively correlated with age, and Malays and Indians had higher PTH concentrations than Chinese. There was an inverse correlation between PTH and 25-OHD(3), but no threshold of 25-OHD(3) concentrations at which PTH plateaued. The bone turnover markers P1NP and CTX inversely correlated with age but were not different between ethnic groups. CTX and P1NP exhibited good correlation, however, there was no significant correlation between 25-OHD(3) or PTH concentrations and the bone turnover markers P1NP and CTX.

CONCLUSIONS: Healthy women in Singapore have a high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency. Vitamin D insufficiency was more prevalent in Malays and Indians compared to Chinese.

Matched MeSH terms: Reference Values

Ulcerative colitis with concomitant primary sclerosing cholangitis

Mohamed AK, Seow CE

Med J Malaysia, 2020 11;75(6):756-758.

PMID: 33219195

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is the most common liver disease and known hepatobiliary complication of ulcerative colitis (UC). Concomitant PSC in UC is associated with increased risk of rapid progression of primary sclerosing cholangitis, and malignancy including colon carcinoma as well as hepatobiliary carcinoma. We report a case of a 26-year-old woman who was diagnosed as ulcerative colitis during her second pregnancy. Her liver function test showed a significant elevation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) with other parameters being within normal range. A clinical suspicion of primary sclerosing cholangitis was then made. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreticography (MRCP) revealed beaded appearance of the right and left intrahepatic ducts with focal narrowing seen at the ducts, suggestive of primary sclerosing cholangitis. She was subsequently started on oral Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) with improvement in her liver function test within 3 weeks of initiation of treatment.

Matched MeSH terms: Reference Values

Fulltext Waist circumference and BMI cut-off points to predict risk factors for metabolic syndrome among outpatients in a district hospital

Aye M, Sazali M

Singapore Med J, 2012 Aug;53(8):545-50.

PMID: 22941134

INTRODUCTION: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of risk factors that increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Waist circumference (WC), a surrogate indicator of abdominal fat mass, is used to measure central obesity associated with increased risk of hypertension, insulin resistance and type 2 DM, whereas body mass index (BMI) is traditionally used to measure somatic obesity. This study aimed to identify the WC and BMI cut-off points to predict the metabolic risk factors for MS and to determine which is a better predictor.
METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted over a period of six months. The study involved 355 subjects aged 13-91 years. Youden's index was used to identify the optimal cut-off points.
RESULTS: The optimal cut-off point of WC to predict individual metabolic risk in females was 84.5-91.0 cm. The BMI cut-off point to predict hypertension and raised fasting blood sugar was 23.7 kg/m², and that for low level high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was 22.9 kg/m². For males, the corresponding cut-off points were 86.5-91.0 cm for WC and 20.75-25.5 kg/m² for BMI, with corresponding sensitivities and specificities. Area under the curve and the odds of developing individual and ≥ 2 metabolic risk factors for MS were higher for WC than for BMI.
CONCLUSION: WC is a better predictor of metabolic risk factors for developing MS than BMI. Therefore, we propose that metabolic risk factors be screened when WC ≥ 80 cm is found in both genders regardless of BMI.

Matched MeSH terms: Reference Values

A radiological evaluation of the morphometry and safety of S1, S2 and S2-ilium screws in the Asian population using three dimensional computed tomography scan: an analysis of 180 pelvis

Kwan MK, Jeffry A, Chan CY, Saw LB

Surg Radiol Anat, 2012 Apr;34(3):217-27.

PMID: 22194086 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-011-0919-2

Studies of sacral pedicle anatomy have been reported in the European population. However, the feasibility for the use of S1, S2 and S2-ilium screws has not been fully investigated in the Asian population.

Matched MeSH terms: Reference Values

Fulltext Variations of serum prolactin levels in Malay women from premenarche to the postmenopause

Rajikin MH, Satgunasingam N

Med J Malaysia, 1984 Jun;39(2):135-8.

PMID: 6513852

A double-antibody radioimmunoassay technique has been used to investigate the serum prolactin (hPRL) level in Malay females from premenarche to the postmenopause. The results showed that the hPRL level (mena ± SEM) in the premenarchal, postmenarchal and late pubertal/reproductive subjects were 23.6 ± 2.3, 19.1 ± 2.0 and 22.7 ± 1.9 ng/ml respectively. In premenopausal women, hPRL level (11.8 ± 2.4 ng/ml) was significantly reduced (p < 0.01) compared to that of late pubertal group; the level declined even further after menopause (9.5 ± 1.7 ng/ml). Although the difference in the mean prolactin levels between premenopause and postmenopause were not significant, 73% of the postmenopausal women had serum prolactin concentrations below 10 ng/ml compared to 44% of the premenopausal and 10% in late pubertal group.

Matched MeSH terms: Reference Values

Fulltext Soluble transferrin receptor, ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor--Ferritin index in assessment of anaemia in rheumatoid arthritis

Pavai S, Jayaranee S, Sargunan S

Med J Malaysia, 2007 Oct;62(4):303-7.

PMID: 18551934

Anaemia of chronic disease (ACD) is a frequent complication of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A diagnostic difficulty in RA is the distinction between iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) and ACD. The aim of our study was to evaluate the usefulness of serum soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) and sTfR/log ferritin (TfR-F) index to diagnose iron deficiency in RA patients with anaemia. Routine laboratory indices of anaemia and sTfR were measured in 20 healthy persons to form the control group, 30 patients with iron deficiency anaemia and 28 RA patients with anaemia. Serum sTfR levels were significantly elevated above the cut-off value in patients with IDA and those in the iron depleted RA subgroup (ferritin < 60 microg/L) compared with those in the control and iron repleted RA subgroup (ferritin > 60 microg/L). The same was observed for TfR-F index. However, five patients in the iron repleted RA sub group had an elevated sTfR level, of which two had increased TfR-F index. Serum sTfR correlated well with the markers of anaemia and not with ESR. Ferritin had no correlation with markers of anaemia but correlated well with ESR. Measurement of sTfR and TfR-F index are good indicators of iron deficiency in RA patients with anaemia. To be cost effective, sTfR can be estimated in RA patients with anaemia when the ferritin level is more than 60 microg/L.

Matched MeSH terms: Reference Values

The nasopharynx in infants with cleft lip and palate

Rajion ZA, Al-Khatib AR, Netherway DJ, Townsend GC, Anderson PJ, McLean NR, et al.

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 2012 Feb;76(2):227-34.

PMID: 22136741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2011.11.008

The purpose of this study was to use three-dimensional computed tomography data and computer imaging technology to assess the skeletal components of the naso-pharyngeal area in patients with cleft lip and palate and to quantify anatomical variations.

Matched MeSH terms: Reference Values

Comparison of two methods of dental age estimation in 7-15-year-old Malays

Mani SA, Naing L, John J, Samsudin AR

Int J Paediatr Dent, 2008 Sep;18(5):380-8.

PMID: 18284472 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-263X.2007.00890.x

BACKGROUND: Numerous methods of age estimation have been proposed. The Demirjian method is the most frequently used, which was first applied in a French Canadian population in 1973. The Willems method is a modification of the above and was applied in a Belgian population in 2002.
OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to test the applicability of the two methods, namely Demirjian and Willems, for age estimation in a Malay population, and to find the correlation between body mass index and the difference between the dental age and the chronological age.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study involving 214 boys and 214 girls, selected by a simple stratified random sampling method was carried out. The orthopantomograph was used to score the seven left mandibular teeth, and the calculated maturity score was used to obtain the Demirjian dental age. Willems dental age was estimated using the tables proposed in the Willems method. Results. The Demirjian method overestimated the age by 0.75 and 0.61 years, while the Willems method overestimated the age by 0.55 and 0.41 years among boys and girls, respectively. In boys, the body mass index was significantly correlated to the difference in age using the Willems method.
CONCLUSION: Further modification of either method is indicated for dental age estimation among the Malay population.

Matched MeSH terms: Reference Values

Fulltext A phase I single-blind clinical trial to evaluate the safety of oil palm phenolics (OPP) supplementation in healthy volunteers

Fairus S, Leow SS, Mohamed IN, Tan YA, Sundram K, Sambanthamurthi R

Sci Rep, 2018 05 29;8(1):8217.

PMID: 29844318 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26384-7

Plant phenolics are being increasingly consumed globally with limited scientific and clinical evidence pertaining to safety and efficacy. The oil palm fruit contains a cocktail of phenolics, and palm oil production results in high volumes of aqueous by-products enriched in phenolics and bioactives. Several lines of evidence from in vitro and in vivo animal studies confirmed that the aqueous extract enriched in phenolics and other bioactives collectively known as oil palm phenolics (OPP) is safe and has potent bioactivity. A phase one clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the safety and effects of OPP in healthy volunteers. In this single-blind trial, 25 healthy human volunteers were supplemented with 450 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/day of OPP or control treatments for a 60-day period. Fasting blood and urine samples were collected at days 1, 30 and 60. Medical examination was performed during these trial interventions. All clinical biochemistry profiles observed throughout the control and OPP treatment period were in the normal range with no major adverse effect (AE) or serious adverse effect (SAE) observed. Additionally, OPP supplementation resulted in improvement of total cholesterol and LDL-C levels, compared to the control treatment. The outcomes support our previous observations that OPP is safe and may have a protective role in reducing cholesterol levels.

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Fulltext Genistein-induced fluid accumulation in ovariectomised rats' uteri is associated with increased cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator expression

Chinigarzadeh A, Kassim NM, Muniandy S, Salleh N

Clinics (Sao Paulo), 2014 Feb;69(2):111-9.

PMID: 24519202 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2014(02)07

High genistein doses have been reported to induce fluid accumulation in the uteri of ovariectomised rats, although the mechanism underlying this effect remains unknown. Because genistein binds to the oestrogen receptor and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator mediates uterine fluid secretion, we hypothesised that this genistein effect involves both the oestrogen receptor and cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator.

Matched MeSH terms: Reference Values

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