Displaying publications 61 - 80 of 378 in total

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  1. Biogenic approach to synthesize rod shaped Gd2 O3 nanoparticles and its optimization using response surface methodology-Box-Behnken design model
    Surendra TV, Mohana Roopan S, Khan MR
    Biotechnol Prog, 2019 07;35(4):e2823.
    PMID: 31017346 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2823
    The rare earth metal oxide nanoparticles such as gadolinium oxide nanoparticles (Gd2 O3 NPs) have been synthesized by green synthesis process using methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera (M oleifera) peel. In this process, the Gd2 O3 NPs formation was observed at 280-300 nm in UV-Vis spectroscopy. The XRD pattern of the synthesized Gd2 O3 NPs was exactly matched with JCPDS No 3-065-3181which confirms the crystalline nature of Gd2 O3 NPs. In addition, Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis was stated that Gd and O elements were present as 70.31 and 29.69%, respectively in Gd2 O3 NPs. The SEM and TEM analysis were said Gd2 O3 NPs are in rod shape and 26 ± 2 nm in size. Further the synthesized Gd2 O3 NPs were confirmed by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS). The synthesized Gd2 O3 NPs were further examined for anti-fungal activity against Alternaria saloni (A saloni) and Sclerrotium rolfsii (S rolfsii) and it showed moderate activity. Also, Gd2 O3 NPs evaluated as good antibacterial agent against different Gram +ve and Gram -ve bacteria. Moreover, the toxicity of the Gd2 O3 NPs on red blood cells (RBCs) of the human blood was determined using hemolytic assay, the obtained results were stated the synthesized Gd2 O3 NPs are nontoxic to the human erythrocytes. The photocatalytic activity against malachite green (MG) dye was tested and confirmed as 92% of dye was degraded within 2 hr by Gd2 O3 NPs. The results were stated the green synthesized Gd2 O3 NPs are good anti-fungal agents, nontoxic and we can use as a photocatalyst. Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Matched MeSH terms: Surface Properties
  2. Optimization of microporous palm shell activated carbon production for flue gas desulphurization: experimental and statistical studies
    Sumathi S, Bhatia S, Lee KT, Mohamed AR
    Bioresour Technol, 2009 Feb;100(4):1614-21.
    PMID: 18952414 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.09.020
    Optimizing the production of microporous activated carbon from waste palm shell was done by applying experimental design methodology. The product, palm shell activated carbon was tested for removal of SO2 gas from flue gas. The activated carbon production was mathematically described as a function of parameters such as flow rate, activation time and activation temperature of carbonization. These parameters were modeled using response surface methodology. The experiments were carried out as a central composite design consisting of 32 experiments. Quadratic models were developed for surface area, total pore volume, and microporosity in term of micropore fraction. The models were used to obtain the optimum process condition for the production of microporous palm shell activated carbon useful for SO2 removal. The optimized palm shell activated carbon with surface area of 973 m(2)/g, total pore volume of 0.78 cc/g and micropore fraction of 70.5% showed an excellent agreement with the amount predicted by the statistical analysis. Palm shell activated carbon with higher surface area and microporosity fraction showed good adsorption affinity for SO2 removal.
    Matched MeSH terms: Surface Properties
  3. Wear of materials used in dentistry: a review of the literature
    Sulong MZ, Aziz RA
    J Prosthet Dent, 1990 Mar;63(3):342-9.
    PMID: 2407832
    This is a review of the literature concerning wear related to the following materials used in dentistry: dental amalgam, composite resins, and glass-ionomer cements, as well as natural tooth substance. Discussions are included on both in vivo and in vitro studies in which various methods were used to help determine wear resistance.
    Matched MeSH terms: Surface Properties
  4. Properties of the tray adhesive of an addition polymerizing silicone to impression tray materials
    Sulong MZ, Setchell DJ
    J Prosthet Dent, 1991 Dec;66(6):743-7.
    PMID: 1805022
    Adhesive bond strength studies for the tray adhesive of an addition vinyl polysiloxane (President) impression material were conducted with an acrylic resin, chromium-plated brass, and plastic trays. Tensile and shear stress studies were performed on the Instron Universal testing machine. Acrylic resin specimens roughened with 80-grit silicon carbide paper exhibited appreciably higher bond strengths compared with different types of tray material and methods of surface preparation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Surface Properties
  5. A review: potential usage of cellulose nanofibers (CNF) for enzyme immobilization via covalent interactions
    Sulaiman S, Mokhtar MN, Naim MN, Baharuddin AS, Sulaiman A
    Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 2015 Feb;175(4):1817-42.
    PMID: 25427594 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1417-x
    Nanobiocatalysis is a new frontier of emerging nanosized material support in enzyme immobilization application. This paper is about a comprehensive review on cellulose nanofibers (CNF), including their structure, surface modification, chemical coupling for enzyme immobilization, and potential applications. The CNF surface consists of mainly -OH functional group that can be directly interacted weakly with enzyme, and its binding can be improved by surface modification and interaction of chemical coupling that forms a strong and stable covalent immobilization of enzyme. The knowledge of covalent interaction for enzyme immobilization is important to provide more efficient interaction between CNF support and enzyme molecule. Enzyme immobilization onto CNF is having potential for improving enzymatic performance and production yield, as well as contributing toward green technology and sustainable sources.
    Matched MeSH terms: Surface Properties
  6. The oil-absorbing property of polyhydroxyalkanoate films and its practical application: a refreshing new outlook for an old degrading material
    Sudesh K, Loo CY, Goh LK, Iwata T, Maeda M
    Macromol Biosci, 2007 Nov 12;7(11):1199-205.
    PMID: 17703476
    Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) have attracted the attention of academia and industry because of their plastic-like properties and biodegradability. However, practical applications as a commodity material have not materialized because of their high production cost and unsatisfactory mechanical properties. PHAs are also believed to have high-value applications as an absorbable biomaterial for tissue engineering and drug-delivery devices because of their biocompatibility. However, research in these areas is still in its very early stages. The main problem faced by proponents of PHAs is the lack of a niche area where PHAs will be the most desired material in terms of its function during use rather than because of its eco-friendly virtues after use. Here, we report on the oil-absorbing property of PHA films and its potential applications. By comparing with some of the existing commercial products, the potential application of PHAs as cosmetic oil-blotting films is revealed for the first time. Besides having the ability to rapidly absorb and retain oil, PHA films also have a natural oil-indicator property, showing obvious changes in opacity following oil absorption. Surface analysis revealed that the surface structures such as porosity and smoothness exert great influence on the rapid oil-absorption properties of the PHA films. These newly discovered properties could be exploited to create a niche area for the practical applications of PHAs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Surface Properties
  7. In-Vitro and In-Vivo Evaluation of Supersaturable Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) of Dutasteride
    Subramanian P, Rajnikanth PS, Kumar M, Chidambram K
    Curr Drug Deliv, 2020;17(1):74-86.
    PMID: 31721703 DOI: 10.2174/1567201816666191112111610
    OBJECTIVE: A novel, Supersaturable Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (S-SNEDDS) has been prepared to improve the Dutasteride's poor aqueous solubility.

    METHODS: By adding Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC) as a precipitation inhibitor to conventional SNEDDS, a supersaturable system was prepared. Firstly, the prepared SNEDDS played an important role in increasing the aqueous solubility and hence oral absorption due to nano-range size. Secondly, the S-SNEDDS found to be advantageous over SNEDDS for having a higher drug load and inhibition of dilution precipitation of Dutasteride. Formulated S-SNEDDS (F1-F9) ranged from 37.42 ± 1.02 to 68.92 ± 0.09 nm with PDI 0.219-0.34 and drug loading of over 95 percent.

    RESULTS: The study of in-vitro dissolution revealed higher dissolution for S-SNEDDS compared to SNEDDS and Avodart soft gelatin capsule as a commercial product. In addition, higher absorption was observed for S-SNEDDS showing approximately 1.28 and 1.27 fold AUC (0-24h) and Cmax compared to commercial products. Therefore, S-SNEDDS has proven as a novel drug delivery system with a higher drug load, higher self-emulsification efficiency, higher stability, higher dissolution and pronounced absorption.

    CONCLUSION: In conclusion, S-SNEDDS could be a newly emerging approach to enhance aqueous solubility in many folds for drugs belonging to BCS Class II and IV and thus absorption and oral bioavailability.

    Matched MeSH terms: Surface Properties
  8. Fabrication and Testing of Electrospun Polyurethane Blended with Chitosan Nanoparticles for Vascular Graft Applications
    Subramaniam R, Mani MP, Jaganathan SK
    Cardiovasc Eng Technol, 2018 09;9(3):503-513.
    PMID: 29700782 DOI: 10.1007/s13239-018-0357-y
    In this study, a small vascular graft based on polyurethane (PU) blended with chitosan (Ch) nanoparticles was fabricated using electrospinning technique. Initially, the chitosan nanoparticles were synthesized using ionic gelation method. UV-Vis spectrophotometer confirmed the presence of synthesized Ch nanoparticles by exhibiting absorption peak at 288 nm and the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed the existence of the chitosan. Further, the synthesized Ch nanoparticles showed size diameter in the range of 134 ± 58 nm as measured using ImageJ. In the electrospun PU/chitosan graft, the fiber diameter and pore size diameter was found to be reduced compared to the pure PU owing to incorporation of chitosan into PU matrix. The FTIR spectrum revealed the presence of chitosan in the prepared nanocomposite membrane by the formation of the hydrogen bond and peak shift of CH and NH stretching. Moreover, the contact angle measurements revealed that the prepared graft showed decreased contact angle indicating hydrophilic nature compared to the pristine PU. The cytocompatibility studies revealed the non-toxic behavior of the fabricated graft. Hence, the prepared graft exhibiting significant physiochemical and non-toxic properties may be a plausible candidate for cardiovascular graft applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Surface Properties
  9. Interfacial study of cell adhesion to liquid crystals using widefield surface plasmon resonance microscopy
    Soon CF, Khaghani SA, Youseffi M, Nayan N, Saim H, Britland S, et al.
    Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, 2013 Oct 1;110:156-62.
    PMID: 23711786 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.04.012
    Widefield surface plasmon resonance (WSPR) microscopy provides high resolution imaging of interfacial interactions. We report the application of the WSPR imaging system in the study of the interaction between keratinocytes and liquid crystals (LC). Imaging of fixed keratinocytes cultured on gold coated surface plasmon substrates functionalized with a thin film of liquid crystals was performed in air using a 1.45NA objective based system. Focal adhesion of the cells adhered to glass and LC were further studied using immunofluorescence staining of the vinculin. The imaging system was also simulated with 2×2 scattering matrix to investigate the optical reflection of the resonant plasmonic wave via the glass/gold/cell and glass/gold/LC/cell layers. WSPR imaging indicated that keratinocytes are less spread and formed distinct topography of cell-liquid crystal couplings when cultured on liquid crystal coated substrates. The simulation indicates that glass/LC shifted the surface plasmon excitation angle to 75.39° as compared to glass/air interface at 44°. The WSPR microcopy reveals that the cells remodelled their topography of adhesion at different interfaces.
    Matched MeSH terms: Surface Properties
  10. Silica nanoparticle assists determining liver cancer gene sequence on interdigitated electrode surface
    Song F, Yang Y, Gopinath SCB
    Biotechnol Appl Biochem, 2021 Jun;68(3):683-689.
    PMID: 32628799 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1980
    A high-performance interdigitated electrode (IDE) biosensing surface was reported here by utilizing self-assembled silica nanoparticle (SiNP). The modified surface was used to evaluate the complementation of hairpin forming region from Mitoxantrone resistance gene 7 (MXR7; liver cancer-related short gene). The conjugated SiNPs on 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane functionalization were captured with probe sequence on IDE biosensing surface. The physical and chemically modified surface was used to quantify MXR7 and an increment in the current response upon complementation was noticed. Limit of target DNA detection was calculated (1-10 fM) and this label-free detection is at the comparable level to the fluorescent-based sensing. A linear regression was calculated [y = 0.243x - 0.0773; R² = 0.9336] and the sensitivity was 1 fM on the linear range of 1 fM to 10 pM. With the strong attachment of capture DNA on IDE through SiNP, the surface clearly discriminates the specificity (complementary) versus nonspecificity (complete-, single-, and triple-mismatched sequences). This detection strategy helps to determine liver cancer progression and the similar strategy can be followed for other gene sequence complementation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Surface Properties
  11. Fulltext Reflection and transmission coefficient of yttrium iron garnet filled polyvinylidene fluoride composite using rectangular waveguide at microwave frequencies
    Soleimani H, Abbas Z, Yahya N, Shameli K, Soleimani H, Shabanzadeh P
    Int J Mol Sci, 2012;13(7):8540-8.
    PMID: 22942718 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13078540
    The sol-gel method was carried out to synthesize nanosized Yttrium Iron Garnet (YIG). The nanomaterials with ferrite structure were heat-treated at different temperatures from 500 to 1000 °C. The phase identification, morphology and functional groups of the prepared samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), respectively. The YIG ferrite nanopowder was composited with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) by a solution casting method. The magnitudes of reflection and transmission coefficients of PVDF/YIG containing 6, 10 and 13% YIG, respectively, were measured using rectangular waveguide in conjunction with a microwave vector network analyzer (VNA) in X-band frequencies. The results indicate that the presence of YIG in polymer composites causes an increase in reflection coefficient and decrease in transmission coefficient of the polymer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Surface Properties
  12. Development of regenerated cellulose/halloysite nanotube bionanocomposite films with ionic liquid
    Soheilmoghaddam M, Wahit MU
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2013 Jul;58:133-9.
    PMID: 23567285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.03.066
    In this study, novel nanocomposite films based on regenerated cellulose/halloysite nanotube (RC/HNT) have been prepared using an environmentally friendly ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCl) through a simple green method. The structural, morphological, thermal and mechanical properties of the RC/HNT nanocomposites were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), thermal analysis and tensile strength measurements. The results obtained revealed interactions between the halloysite nanotubes and regenerated cellulose matrix. The thermal stability and mechanical properties of the nanocomposite films, compared with pure regenerated cellulose film, were significantly improved When the halloysite nanotube (HNT) loading was only 2 wt.%, the 20% weight loss temperature (T20) increased 20°C. The Young's modulus increased from 1.8 to 4.1 GPa, while tensile strength increased from 35.30 to 60.50 MPa when 8 wt.% halloysite nanotube (HNT) was incorporated, interestingly without loss of ductility. The nanocomposite films exhibited improved oxygen barrier properties and water absorption resistance compared to regenerated cellulose.
    Matched MeSH terms: Surface Properties
  13. Fulltext Cellular Homeostasis and Antioxidant Response in Epithelial HT29 Cells on Titania Nanotube Arrays Surface
    Smn Mydin RB, Sreekantan S, Hazan R, Farid Wajidi MF, Mat I
    Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2017;2017:3708048.
    PMID: 28337249 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3708048
    Cell growth and proliferative activities on titania nanotube arrays (TNA) have raised alerts on genotoxicity risk. Present toxicogenomic approach focused on epithelial HT29 cells with TNA surface. Fledgling cell-TNA interaction has triggered G0/G1 cell cycle arrests and initiates DNA damage surveillance checkpoint, which possibly indicated the cellular stress stimuli. A profound gene regulation was observed to be involved in cellular growth and survival signals such as p53 and AKT expressions. Interestingly, the activation of redox regulator pathways (antioxidant defense) was observed through the cascade interactions of GADD45, MYC, CHECK1, and ATR genes. These mechanisms furnish to protect DNA during cellular division from an oxidative challenge, set in motion with XRRC5 and RAD50 genes for DNA damage and repair activities. The cell fate decision on TNA-nanoenvironment has been reported to possibly regulate proliferative activities via expression of p27 and BCL2 tumor suppressor proteins, cogent with SKP2 and BCL2 oncogenic proteins suppression. Findings suggested that epithelial HT29 cells on the surface of TNA may have a positive regulation via cell-homeostasis mechanisms: a careful circadian orchestration between cell proliferation, survival, and death. This nanomolecular knowledge could be beneficial for advanced medical applications such as in nanomedicine and nanotherapeutics.
    Matched MeSH terms: Surface Properties
  14. Sulfur and nitrogen containing plasma polymers reduces bacterial attachment and growth
    Siow KS, Abdul Rahman AS, Ng PY, Majlis BY
    Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl, 2020 Feb;107:110225.
    PMID: 31761201 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110225
    Role of sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) groups in promoting cell adhesion or commonly known as biocompatibility, is well established, but their role in reducing bacterial attachment and growth is less explored or not well-understood. Natural sulfur-based compounds, i.e. sulfide, sulfoxide and sulfinic groups, have shown to inhibit bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation. Hence, we mimicked these surfaces by plasma polymerizing thiophene (ppT) and air-plasma treating this ppT to achieve coatings with S of similar oxidation states as natural compounds (ppT-air). In addition, the effects of these N and S groups from ppT-air were also compared with the biocompatible amine-amide from n-heptylamine plasma polymer. Crystal violet assay and live and dead fluorescence staining of E. coli and S. aureus showed that all the N and S coated surfaces generated, including ppHA, ppT and ppT-air, produced similarly potent, growth reduction of both bacteria by approximately 65% at 72 h compared to untreated glass control. The ability of osteogenic differentiation in Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) were also used to test the cell biocompatibility of these surfaces. Alkaline phosphatase assay and scanning electron microscopy imaging of these WJ-MSCs growths indicated that ppHA, and ppT-air were cell-friendly surfaces, with ppHA showing the highest osteogenic activity. In summary, the N and S containing surfaces could reduce bacteria growth while promoting mammalian cell growth, thus serve as potential candidate surfaces to be explored further for biomaterial applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Surface Properties
  15. Degradation behavior of biodegradable Fe35Mn alloy stents
    Sing NB, Mostavan A, Hamzah E, Mantovani D, Hermawan H
    J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater, 2015 Apr;103(3):572-7.
    PMID: 24954069 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33242
    This article reports a degradation study that was done on stent prototypes made of biodegradable Fe35Mn alloy in a simulated human coronary arterial condition. The stent degradation was observed for a short-term period from 0.5 to 168 h, which simulates the early period of stenting procedure. Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to quantify degradation rate and surface property of the stents. Results showed that signs of degradation were visible on both crimped and expanded stents after 1 h of test, mostly located on the stent's curvatures. The degradation rate of stent was higher compared to that of the original alloy, indicating the surface altering effect of stent fabrication processing to degradation. A single oxide layer was formed and detected as a porous structure with capacitive behavior. Expanded stents exhibited lower polarization resistance compared to the nonexpanded ones, indicating the cold work effect of expansion procedure to degradation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Surface Properties
  16. Characterization of α-tocopherol as interacting agent in polyvinyl alcohol-starch blends
    Sin LT, Bee ST, Tee TT, Kadhum AA, Ma C, Rahmat AR, et al.
    Carbohydr Polym, 2013 Nov 6;98(2):1281-7.
    PMID: 24053804 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.07.069
    In this study, the interactions of α-tocopherol (α-TOH) in PVOH-starch blends were investigated. α-TOH is an interacting agent possesses a unique molecule of polar chroman "head" and non-polar phytyl "tail" which can improve surface interaction of PVOH and starch. It showed favorable results when blending PVOH-starch with α-TOH, where the highest tensile strengths were achieved at 60 wt.% PVOH-starch blend for 1 phr α-TOH and 50 wt.% for 3 phr α-TOH, respectively. This due to the formation of miscible PVOH-starch as resulted by the compatibilizing effect of α-TOH. Moreover, the enthalpy of melting (ΔHm) of 60 wt.% PVOH-starch and 50 wt.% PVOH-starch added with 1 and 3 phr α-TOH respectively were higher than ΔHm of the neat PVOH-starch blends. The thermogravimetry analysis also showed that α-TOH can be used as thermal stabilizer to reduce weight losses at elevated temperature. The surface morphologies of the compatible blends formed large portion of continuous phase where the starch granules interacted well with α-TOH by acting as compatilizer to reduce surface energy of starch for embedment into PVOH matrix.
    Matched MeSH terms: Surface Properties
  17. Photocatalytic performance of novel samarium-doped spherical-like ZnO hierarchical nanostructures under visible light irradiation for 2,4-dichlorophenol degradation
    Sin JC, Lam SM, Lee KT, Mohamed AR
    J Colloid Interface Sci, 2013 Jul 1;401:40-9.
    PMID: 23618322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.03.043
    A novel samarium-doped spherical-like ZnO hierarchical nanostructure (Sm/ZnO) was synthesized via a facile and surfactant-free chemical solution route. The as-synthesized products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy together with an energy dispersion X-ray spectrum analysis, transmission electron microscopy, UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The results revealed that Sm ion was successfully doped into ZnO. It was also observed that the Sm doping increased the visible light absorption ability of Sm/ZnO and a red shift for Sm/ZnO appeared when compared to pure ZnO. The photocatalytic studies revealed that the Sm/ZnO exhibited excellent photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) compared with the pure ZnO and commercial TiO2 under visible light irradiation. The photocatalytic enhancement of Sm/ZnO products was attributed to their high charge separation efficiency and ·OH generation ability as evidenced by the photoluminescence spectra. The photocatalytic investigation also showed that various parameters exerted their individual influence on the degradation rate of 2,4-DCP. By using a certain of radical scavengers, ·OH was determined to play a pivotal role for the 2,4-DCP degradation. Moreover, the Sm/ZnO could be easily separated and reused, indicating great potential for practical applications in environmental cleanup.
    Matched MeSH terms: Surface Properties
  18. Electrochemical DNA biosensor for the detection of specific gene related to Trichoderma harzianum species
    Siddiquee S, Yusof NA, Salleh AB, Abu Bakar F, Heng LY
    Bioelectrochemistry, 2010 Aug;79(1):31-6.
    PMID: 19945357 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2009.10.004
    A new electrochemical biosensor is described for voltammetric detection of gene sequence related to Trichoderma harzianum. The sensor involves immobilization of a 20 base single-stranded probe (ssDNA), which is complementary to a specific gene sequence related to T. harzianum on a gold electrode through specific adsorption. The DNA probe was used to determine the amount of target gene in solution using methylene blue (MB) as the electrochemical indicator. The covalently immobilized probe could selectively hybridize with the target DNA to form a hybrid on the surface despite the bases being attached to the electrode. The changes in the peak currents of methylene blue (MB), an electroactive label, were observed upon hybridization of probe with the target. Peak currents were found to increase in the following order: hybrid-modified AuE and the probe-modified AuE which localized to the affinity of MB. Control experiments with the non-complementary oligonucleotides were performed to assess whether the DNA biosensor responds selectively, via hybridization, to the target. DNA biosensor also able to detect microorganism at the species levels without nucleic acid amplification. The redox current was linearly related to the concentration of target oligonucleotide DNA, ranged from 1-20 ppm. Numerous factors, affecting the probe immobilization, target hybridization and indicator binding reactions are optimized to maximize the sensitivity and reduce the assay time.
    Matched MeSH terms: Surface Properties
  19. Preparation, characterization, and in vivo evaluation of insulin-loaded PLA-PEG microspheres for controlled parenteral drug delivery
    Sheshala R, Peh KK, Darwis Y
    Drug Dev Ind Pharm, 2009 Nov;35(11):1364-74.
    PMID: 19832637 DOI: 10.3109/03639040902939213
    AIM: The aim of this study was to prepare insulin-loaded poly(lactic acid)-polyethylene glycol microspheres that could control insulin release at least for 1 week and evaluate their in vivo performance in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model.
    METHODS: The microspheres were prepared using a water-in-oil-in-water double emulsion solvent evaporation technique. Different formulation variables influencing the yield, particle size, entrapment efficiency, and in vitro release profiles were investigated. The pharmacokinetic study of optimized formulation was performed with single dose in comparison with multiple dose of Humulin 30/70 as a reference product in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
    RESULTS: The optimized formulation of insulin microspheres was nonporous, smooth-surfaced, and spherical in structure under scanning electron microscope with a mean particle size of 3.07 microm and entrapment efficiency of 42.74% of the theoretical amount incorporated. The in vitro insulin release profiles was characterized by a bimodal behavior with an initial burst release because of the insulin adsorbed on the microsphere surface, followed by slower and continuous release corresponding to the insulin entrapped in polymer matrix.
    CONCLUSIONS: The optimized formulation and reference were comparable in the extent of absorption. Consequently, these microspheres can be proposed as new controlled parenteral delivery system.
    Matched MeSH terms: Surface Properties
  20. Fulltext Synthesis and characterization of silver/talc nanocomposites using the wet chemical reduction method
    Shameli K, Ahmad MB, Yunus WZ, Ibrahim NA, Darroudi M
    Int J Nanomedicine, 2010;5:743-51.
    PMID: 21042420 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S13227
    In this study, silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) were synthesized using the wet chemical reduction method on the external surface layer of talc mineral as a solid support. Silver nitrate and sodium borohydride were used as the silver precursor and reducing agent in talc. The talc was suspended in aqueous AgNO(3) solution. After the absorption of Ag(+) on the surface, the ions were reduced with NaBH(4). The interlamellar space limits were without many changes (d(s) = 9.34-9.19 A(º)); therefore, Ag-NPs formed on the exterior surface of talc, with d(ave) = 7.60-13.11 nm in diameter. The properties of Ag/talc nanocomposites (Ag/talc-NCs) and the diameters of the Ag-NPs prepared in this way depended on the primary AgNO(3) concentration. The prepared Ag-NPs were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared. These Ag/talc-NCs may have potential applications in the chemical and biological industries.
    Matched MeSH terms: Surface Properties
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