Displaying publications 61 - 80 of 105 in total

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  1. Fulltext Effect of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) and coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) on microbial quality and sensory acceptability of frozen paratha
    Rosli, N.A., Azilan, N A., Mahyudin, N.A., Mahmud Ab Rashid, N.K., Meon, F.N.S., Ismail, Z., et al.
    International Food Research Journal, 2019;26(3):945-952.
    MyJurnal
    Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) and coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) are known to possess good antimicrobial properties. In the present work, spice-infused frozen parathas were formulated to investigate the effect of fennel and coriander on microbial (aerobic mesophilic bacteria, yeast and mould, and Bacillus cereus) reduction and sensory acceptability of frozen paratha throughout the storage at -18°C. The present work was also aimed at determining the relationship between spice concentrations and storage durations on microbiological quality of the samples. Fennel and coriander seed powder were used at concentrations of 2, 4 and 6% of wheat flour (w/w). The microbiological analysis was performed by total plate count, yeast and mould count, and Bacillus cereus count after 9, 12 and 15 weeks of storage. Sensory evaluation was conducted using hedonic scales at the end of storage durations. Results showed that spice infusion in frozen paratha significantly delayed the growth of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, yeasts and moulds, and Bacillus cereus during storage. The lowest log count was demonstrated by coriander at 6% in total plate count (3.85, 3.90 and 3.91 log10 CFU/g), and yeast and mould count (2.54, 2.59 and 2.60 log10 CFU/g) after 9, 12 and 15 weeks, respectively. Bacillus cereus was not detected throughout the storage durations. Fennel exhibited minimum activity against Bacillus cereus with no significant difference on log count reduction when compared with control. Coriander showed the highest decrease in both total plate count and Bacillus cereus count during the storage duration. Sensory evaluation result indicated that control sample exhibited the highest preference over all attributes when compared with fennel and coriander. Coriander-infused paratha was slightly darker in colour due to high concentration of 6%. Fennel yielded the lowest score in terms of taste among all samples. Fennel and coriander showed no significant difference for sensory acceptability. Overall, all frozen parathas were in good quality after 15 weeks of frozen storage. It can thus be concluded that fennel and coriander can be used as potential natural preservatives to inhibit the growth of microorganisms in paratha during frozen storage. Nevertheless, the optimum spice concentration should be determined to minimise the effects on the sensory attributes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Triticum
  2. Assessment of aflatoxins, ochratoxin A and zearalenone in breakfast cereals
    Iqbal SZ, Rabbani T, Asi MR, Jinap S
    Food Chem, 2014 Aug 15;157:257-62.
    PMID: 24679779 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.01.129
    Aflatoxins (AFs), ochratoxin A (OTA) and zearalenone (ZEN) were analysed in 237 breakfast cereal samples collected from central areas of Punjab, Pakistan. According to the results, 41% of the samples were found contaminated with AFs, out of which 16% and 8% samples were found to be above the European Union (EU) maximum content for AFB1 and total AFs, respectively. About 48% samples were found contaminated with OTA and 30% samples were found to be above the EU maximum content. The results have shown that 53% samples of breakfast cereals were found contaminated with ZEN and 8% samples were found to be above the permissible limit of EU. The highest mean level of AFB1 and total AFs were found in semolina i.e. 3.60 and 4.55 μg/kg, respectively. Similarly, semolina was the highest contaminated breakfast cereal for OTA (3.90 μg/kg), while cornflakes (brand B) was found highest contaminated with ZEN (13.45 μg/kg).
    Matched MeSH terms: Triticum/chemistry*
  3. Analysis of meteorological dryness/wetness features for spring wheat production in the Ili River basin, China
    Li C, Wang R, Xu J, Luo Y, Tan ML, Jiang Y
    Int J Biometeorol, 2018 Dec;62(12):2197-2204.
    PMID: 30368677 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-018-1623-2
    Understanding the impacts of climate change on crop yield is important for improving crop growth and yield formation in northwestern China. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between meteorological dryness/wetness conditions and spring wheat yield in the Ili river basin (IRB). The climate and yield data from 1961 to 2013 were collected to analyze characteristics and correlations between these two variables using the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), yield detrending method, modified Mann-Kendall test and Spearman correlation analysis. Main results were as follows: (1) correlations between monthly SPEI values (MSV) and climatic yield of spring wheat indicated that the dryness/wetness condition in May was a key factor affecting yield in the whole region; (2) although the MSV in May and yield fluctuated from negative to positive values in time, the severely and extremely dryness events were in good agreement with the higher yield losses; (3) each increase of 0.5 MSV in May promoted over 3% increase of yield in most part of IRB; however, the larger variability of MSV in May resulted in larger yield fluctuations; and (4) the Tibetan Plateau index in April showed significant correlations with the MSV in May and yield, which provided a precursory signal for decision-makers to better understand potential yield fluctuations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Triticum/growth & development*
  4. Fulltext Normalized Difference Vegetation Index as a tool for wheat yield estimation: a case study from Faisalabad, Pakistan
    Sultana SR, Ali A, Ahmad A, Mubeen M, Zia-Ul-Haq M, Ahmad S, et al.
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:725326.
    PMID: 25045744 DOI: 10.1155/2014/725326
    For estimation of grain yield in wheat, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is considered as a potential screening tool. Field experiments were conducted to scrutinize the response of NDVI to yield behavior of different wheat cultivars and nitrogen fertilization at agronomic research area, University of Agriculture Faisalabad (UAF) during the two years 2008-09 and 2009-10. For recording the value of NDVI, Green seeker (Handheld-505) was used. Split plot design was used as experimental model in, keeping four nitrogen rates (N1 = 0 kg ha(-1), N2 = 55 kg ha(-1), N3 = 110 kg ha(-1), and N4 = 220 kg ha(-1)) in main plots and ten wheat cultivars (Bakkhar-2001, Chakwal-50, Chakwal-97, Faisalabad-2008, GA-2002, Inqlab-91, Lasani-2008, Miraj-2008, Sahar-2006, and Shafaq-2006) in subplots with four replications. Impact of nitrogen and difference between cultivars were forecasted through NDVI. The results suggested that nitrogen treatment N4 (220 kg ha(-1)) and cultivar Faisalabad-2008 gave maximum NDVI value (0.85) at grain filling stage among all treatments. The correlation among NDVI at booting, grain filling, and maturity stages with grain yield was positive (R(2) = 0.90; R(2) = 0.90; R(2) = 0.95), respectively. So, booting, grain filling, and maturity can be good depictive stages during mid and later growth stages of wheat crop under agroclimatic conditions of Faisalabad and under similar other wheat growing environments in the country.
    Matched MeSH terms: Triticum/drug effects; Triticum/growth & development*
  5. Fulltext Simulated gastrointestinal pH condition improves antioxidant properties of wheat and rice flours
    Chan KW, Khong NM, Iqbal S, Ismail M
    Int J Mol Sci, 2012;13(6):7496-507.
    PMID: 22837707 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13067496
    The present study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant properties of wheat and rice flours under simulated gastrointestinal pH condition. After subjecting the wheat and rice flour slurries to simulated gastrointestinal pH condition, both slurries were centrifuged to obtain the crude phenolic extracts for further analyses. Extraction yield, total contents of phenolic and flavonoids were determined as such (untreated) and under simulated gastrointestinal pH condition (treated). 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH(•)) scavenging activity, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical cation (ABTS(•+)) scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), beta-carotene bleaching (BCB) and iron chelating activity assays were employed for the determination of antioxidant activity of the tested samples. In almost all of the assays performed, significant improvements in antioxidant properties (p < 0.05) were observed in both flours after treatment, suggesting that wheat and rice flours contain considerably heavy amounts of bound phenolics, and that their antioxidant properties might be improved under gastrointestinal digestive conditions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Triticum/chemistry*
  6. An assessment of the efficacy of biochar and zero-valent iron nanoparticles in reducing lead toxicity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
    Nauman Mahamood M, Zhu S, Noman A, Mahmood A, Ashraf S, Aqeel M, et al.
    Environ Pollut, 2023 Feb 15;319:120979.
    PMID: 36586554 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120979
    Soil heavy metal contamination is increasing rapidly due to increased anthropogenic activities. Lead (Pb) is a well-known human carcinogen causing toxic effects on humans and the environment. Its accumulation in food crops is a serious hazard to food security. Developing environment-friendly and cost-efficient techniques is necessary for Pb immobilization in the soil. A pot experiment was executed to determine the role of biochar (BC), zero-valent iron nanoparticles (n-ZVI), and zero-valent iron nanoparticles biochar composite (n-ZVI-BC) in controlling the Pb mobility and bioaccumulation in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The results showed that BC and n-ZVI significantly enhanced the wheat growth by increasing their photosynthetic and enzymatic activities. Among all the applied treatments, the maximum significant (p ≤ 0.05) improvement in wheat biomass was with the n-ZVI-BC application (T3). Compared to the control, the biomass of wheat roots, shoots & grains increased by 92.5, 58.8, and 49.1%, respectively. Moreover, the soil addition of T3 amendment minimized the Pb distribution in wheat roots, shoots, and grains by 33.8, 26.8, and 16.2%, respectively. The outcomes of this experiment showed that in comparison to control treatment plants, soil amendment with n-ZVI-BC (T3) increased the catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity by 49.8 and 31.1%, respectively, ultimately declining electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content in wheat by 38.7, 33.3, and 38%respectively. In addition, applied amendments declined the Pb mobility in the soil by increasing the residual Pb fractions. Soil amendment with n-ZVI-BC also increased the soil catalase (CAT), urease (UR), and acid phosphatase (ACP) activities by 68, 59, and 74%, respectively. Our research results provided valuable insight for the remediation of Pb toxicity in wheat. Hence, we can infer from our findings that n-ZVI-BC can be considered a propitious, environment friendly and affordable technique for mitigating Pb toxicity in wheat crop and reclamation of Pb polluted soils.
    Matched MeSH terms: Triticum
  7. Interspecific variation in C-banded chromosomes of diploid Aegilops species
    Teoh SB, Hutchinson J
    Theor Appl Genet, 1983 Apr;65(1):31-40.
    PMID: 24263198 DOI: 10.1007/BF00276259
    Based on an improved C-banding technique, the C-banding patterns of all 11 diploid Aegilops species were described and compared. All diploid species exhibit characteristically different patterns which enable the chromosomes of any complement to be identified individually. These patterns confirm existing genome symbols and provide further evidence for the suggested changes in genome symbols of Ae. umbellulata and Ae. sharonensis, U and S(sh) respectively. Furthermore, Ae. uniaristata should be given a separate symbol, probably N. Aegilops speltoides and Ae. sharonensis could be possible donors to the B genome of wheat. Interspecific divergence in these diploid species has been accompanied by either amplification or deletion as well as massive repatterning of heterochromatin from the centromere to the telomere.
    Matched MeSH terms: Triticum
  8. Fulltext Physicochemical and organoleptic properties of cookies incorporated with legume flour
    Noor Aziah, A.A., Mohamad Noor, A.Y., Ho, L.H.
    International Food Research Journal, 2012;19(4):1539-1543.
    MyJurnal
    This study was to investigate the effects of wheat flour substitution with legume flour (mung bean and chick pea) in cookies in terms of the physicochemical and organoleptic properties. Three formulations of cookies were prepared from (a) Control (100% wheat flour), (b) Mung bean (50% wheat flour + 35% mung bean flour + 15% corn flour) and (c) Chickpea (50% wheat flour + 35% chickpea flour + 15% corn flour). The physicochemical and organoleptic attributes of the three types of cookie were evaluated. Results showed significant different (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Triticum
  9. Evaluation of Controlled-Release Property and Phytotoxicity Effect of Insect Pheromone Zinc-Layered Hydroxide Nanohybrid Intercalated with Hexenoic Acid
    Ahmad R, Hussein MZ, Kadir WR, Sarijo SH, Hin TY
    J Agric Food Chem, 2015 Dec 30;63(51):10893-902.
    PMID: 26501358 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03102
    A controlled release formulation for the insect pheromone hexenoic acid (HE) was successfully developed using zinc-layered hydroxide (ZLH) as host material through a simple coprecipitation technique, resulting in the formation of inorganic-organic nanolayered material with sustained release properties. The release of HE from its nanohybrid was found to occur in a controlled manner, governed by a pseudo-second order kinetics model. The maximum amount of HE released from the nanocomposite into solutions at pH 4, 6.5, and 8 was found to be 84, 73, and 83% for 1100 min, respectively. The hexenoate zinc-layered hydroxide nanomaterial (HEN) was found to be nontoxic for plants when green beans and wheat seeds were successfully germinated in all HEN concentrations tested in the experiment, with higher percentage of seed germination and higher radical seed growth as compared to its counter anion, HE. ZLH can be a promising carrier for insect pheromone toward a new generation of environmentally safe pesticide nanomaterial for crop protection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Triticum
  10. Fulltext Structural and functional properties of major ingredients of biscuit
    Mamat, H., Hill, S.E.
    International Food Research Journal, 2018;25(2):462-471.
    MyJurnal
    Biscuit is a popular food product where it is produced using wheat flour, sugar and fat as its main ingredients. Wheat flour is the major material used in biscuit production and within the flour starch is the principal component. The details of starch properties such as pasting properties, gelatinisation properties, crystallinity were discussed in this review. Starch is the major structural element in many foods, with the fat or sugar also playing key roles. Sugar gives sweetness, colour, add volumes and influence the texture of a biscuit. Besides that, it shows significant impact on starch gelatinization properties. Fat plays an important role in biscuit production and the type of fat used determines the quality of the final product. In this article, the functional properties of major ingredients of biscuit were also reviewed with emphasis on wheat flour, sugar and fat.
    Matched MeSH terms: Triticum
  11. Fulltext Speed breeding is a powerful tool to accelerate crop research and breeding
    Watson A, Ghosh S, Williams MJ, Cuddy WS, Simmonds J, Rey MD, et al.
    Nat Plants, 2018 Jan;4(1):23-29.
    PMID: 29292376 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-017-0083-8
    The growing human population and a changing environment have raised significant concern for global food security, with the current improvement rate of several important crops inadequate to meet future demand 1 . This slow improvement rate is attributed partly to the long generation times of crop plants. Here, we present a method called 'speed breeding', which greatly shortens generation time and accelerates breeding and research programmes. Speed breeding can be used to achieve up to 6 generations per year for spring wheat (Triticum aestivum), durum wheat (T. durum), barley (Hordeum vulgare), chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and pea (Pisum sativum), and 4 generations for canola (Brassica napus), instead of 2-3 under normal glasshouse conditions. We demonstrate that speed breeding in fully enclosed, controlled-environment growth chambers can accelerate plant development for research purposes, including phenotyping of adult plant traits, mutant studies and transformation. The use of supplemental lighting in a glasshouse environment allows rapid generation cycling through single seed descent (SSD) and potential for adaptation to larger-scale crop improvement programs. Cost saving through light-emitting diode (LED) supplemental lighting is also outlined. We envisage great potential for integrating speed breeding with other modern crop breeding technologies, including high-throughput genotyping, genome editing and genomic selection, accelerating the rate of crop improvement.
    Matched MeSH terms: Triticum/genetics*
  12. Fulltext Applications of composite flour in development of food products
    Noorfarahzilah, M., Lee, J. S., Sharifudin, M. S., Mohd Fadzelly, A.B., Hasmadi, M.
    International Food Research Journal, 2014;21(6):2061-2074.
    MyJurnal
    The development of food products using composite flour has increased and is attracting much attention from researchers, especially in the production of bakery products and pastries. This article focuses on the use of composite flour to produce food products, namely bread, biscuits, and pasta, with looks at on its impact, following some improvements made, on the sensory quality, rheology characteristics, and nutritional values as well as its overall acceptance. The blending of wheat flour with various sources of tubers, legumes, cereals and fruit flour in different percentages to produce variety of food products are also reported in this review. It was found that composite flour used to produce food products is still able to maintain similar characteristics to products made from full-wheat flour. The positive effects of the use of composite flour can be seen in the final product related to the functional and physicochemical properties and health benefits of raw blended flour along with percentage blending. Overall, composite flour is a good new approach to utilizing uncommon food products as the application of composite flour produced products with different characteristics and quality, depending on the types and percentage of wheat flour used in the formulation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Triticum
  13. Pasting and leaching properties of irradiated starches from various botanical sources
    Mohd Adzahan, N., Mat Hashim, D., Muhammad, K., Abdul Rahman, R., Ghazali, Z., Hashim, K.
    International Food Research Journal, 2009;16(3):415-429.
    MyJurnal
    Changes to the physicochemical properties of wheat, sago and tapioca starches subjected to gamma ray, electron beam and microwave irradiations and the conditions that lead to wheat starch having leaching behaviour similar to sago or tapioca starch were studied. The properties were characterised through swelling and leaching behaviours of the starch granules and retrogradation following pasting. The leaching of wheat starch increased tremendously and resulted in amylose to amylopectin ratios in the leachate similar to that of native sago and tapioca starches. This observation is significant as wheat starch is known to have a leachate composition of mostly amylose. This opens up the possibility of utilising wheat starch in snacks where tapioca and sago starch are commonly used. It was observed that the required conditions for such changes were exposure to microwave for 8 and 10 minutes, electron beam at 5 and 10 kGy and gamma ray at 5 kGy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Triticum
  14. Process optimisation of defatted wheat germ protein extraction in a novel alkaline-based deep eutectic solvent (DES) via Box-Behnken experimental design (BBD)
    Olalere OA, Gan CY
    Food Chem, 2023 May 30;409:135224.
    PMID: 36577323 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135224
    This is the first study to provide a preliminary investigation into the recovery of protein from wheat germ and the prediction of their extraction conditions in microwave cavity using a novel DES solvent. The response surface methodology was used to predict the microwaved protein extraction conditions of the DWG. The effects of DES buffer-concentration (X1: 0.01-1.00 g/mL), microwave power (X2: 50-250 W), irradiation time (X3: 1-5 min) and sample-to-buffer ratio (X4: 1:10-1:50) were tested using a single factor and Box-Behnken experimental design. Under the optimized conditions (X1 = 0.52 g/mL, X2 = 186 W, X3 = 3.28 min, and X4 = 1:39) protein yield and absorbed microwave were obtained at the optimal value of 33.00 % and 677 J/min, respectively with no denaturation of the protein as validated from the SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis profile. Consequently, this investigation provides a practical approach for the extraction of bioactive protein from DWG using a novel deep eutectic solvent.
    Matched MeSH terms: Triticum*
  15. Improvement of wheat straw anaerobic digestion through alkali pre-treatment: Carbohydrates bioavailability evaluation and economic feasibility
    Romero-Güiza MS, Wahid R, Hernández V, Møller H, Fernández B
    Sci Total Environ, 2017 Oct 01;595:651-659.
    PMID: 28402918 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.006
    Lignocellulosic biomasses such as wheat straw are widely used as a feedstock for biogas production. However, these biomasses are mainly composed of a compact fibre structure and therefore, it is recommended to treat them prior to its usage for biogas production in order to improve their bioavailability. The aim of this work is to evaluate, in terms of performance stability, methane yield and economic feasibility, two different scenarios: a mesophilic codigestion of wheat straw and animal manure with or without a low-energy demand alkaline pre-treatment (0.08gKOHgTS-1of wheat straw, for 24h and at 25°C). Besides this, said pre-treatment was also analysed based on the improvement of the bioavailable carbohydrate content in the untreated versus the pre-treated wheat straw. The results pointed out that pre-treated wheat straw prompted a more stable performance (in terms of pH and alkalinity) and an improved methane yield (128% increment) of the mesophilic codigestion process, in comparison to the "untreated" scenario. The pre-treatment increased the content of cellulose, hemicellulose and other compounds (waxes, pectin, oil, etc.) in the liquid fraction, from 5% to 60%, from 11.5% to 39.1% TS and from 57% to 79% of the TS in the liquid fraction for the untreated and pre-treated wheat straws, respectively. Finally, the pre-treated scenario gained an energy surplus of a factor 13.5 and achieved a positive net benefit of 90.4€tVS-WS-1d-1, being a favourable case for an eventual scale-up of the combined process.
    Matched MeSH terms: Triticum
  16. Fulltext Drought tolerance in wheat
    Nezhadahmadi A, Prodhan ZH, Faruq G
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2013;2013:610721.
    PMID: 24319376 DOI: 10.1155/2013/610721
    Drought is one of the most important phenomena which limit crops' production and yield. Crops demonstrate various morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses to tackle drought stress. Plants' vegetative and reproductive stages are intensively influenced by drought stress. Drought tolerance is a complicated trait which is controlled by polygenes and their expressions are influenced by various environmental elements. This means that breeding for this trait is so difficult and new molecular methods such as molecular markers, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping strategies, and expression patterns of genes should be applied to produce drought tolerant genotypes. In wheat, there are several genes which are responsible for drought stress tolerance and produce different types of enzymes and proteins for instance, late embryogenesis abundant (lea), responsive to abscisic acid (Rab), rubisco, helicase, proline, glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and carbohydrates during drought stress. This review paper has concentrated on the study of water limitation and its effects on morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of wheat with the possible losses caused by drought stress.
    Matched MeSH terms: Triticum/physiology*
  17. Mycoremediation--a prospective environmental friendly technique of bioseparation and dewatering of domestic wastewater sludge
    Molla AH, Fakhru'l-Razi A
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2012 Jun;19(5):1612-9.
    PMID: 22134862 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-011-0676-0
    INTRODUCTION: Environmental safe and friendly management and disposal of wastewater sludge is a problem of every treatment plant throughout the world. Bioseparation and dewaterability of raw domestic wastewater sludge were evaluated for proper management and disposal by mycoremediation, i.e., using prior grown 2% (v/v) spore suspension of filamentous fungal (Mucor hiemalis Wehmer) broth inoculation, which were grown in 2% (w/v) solution of malt extract and wheat flour for 48-60 h in orbital shaker.

    DISCUSSION: Within 2-3 days of treatment application, encouraging results were achieved in total dry solids (TDS), total suspended solid (TSS), turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), specific resistance to filtration (SRF), and pH due to fungal treatment in recognition of bioseparation and dewaterability of wastewater sludge compared to control. The significant reduction of TDS was remarked at fungal biomass (FB) in wheat flour (WF) treatment. The removal of TSS, turbidity, COD, and SRF were observed 96.0%, 99.4%, 92.6%, and 97.6%, respectively, in supernatant at 5 days by FB in WF. The SRF measuring the dewaterability was decreased with maximum (0.26 × 10(-12) mg/kg) equivalent to 95.5% at 2 days in FB in WF also. FB in WF broth is a potential, environmental friendly, comparatively low-cost biological technique which might play the significant role for bioremediation and bioseparation of domestic wastewater sludge. The present technique may bring a dynamic change in treatment of wastewater in future.

    Matched MeSH terms: Triticum
  18. 5-aminolevulinic acid induces regulation in growth, yield and physiobiochemical characteristics of wheat under water stress
    Nudrat Aisha Akram, Shamim Kausar, Naila Farid, Muhammad Ashraf, Muhammad Ashraf, Fahad Al-Qurainy
    Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:661-670.
    The production of wheat crop is below average in many regions of the world which is ascribed to adverse environmental
    conditions including drought stress. The present study was conducted to appraise the beneficial role of exogenouslyapplied
    5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) on growth, yield and some key physio-biochemical characteristics of two commercially
    important wheat cultivars (Shafaq-06 and Uqab-2000) under well watered [100% field capacity (FC)] and water-deficit
    (60 and 80% FC) conditions. Imposition of varying water regimes significantly decreased fresh and dry weights of shoots,
    photosynthetic pigments (a and b), non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (NPQ), quenching coefficient
    for non-photochemical (N) of chlorophyll fluorescence (qN), K+ (potassium ion), Ca2+ (calcium ion) and P (phosphorus)
    accumulation in shoot and root and yield-related attributes. In contrast, water deficit regimes caused improvement in
    Fv/Fm (chlorophyll fluorescence measurement), coefficient of photochemical quenching (qP), proline, glycinebetaine
    (GB) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents. Foliar spray of ALA at the rate of 50, 100 and 150 mg/Lalong with control
    (no spray (NS) and/or water spray (WS)) significantly enhanced chlorophyll a and b pigments, qN, NPQ, qP, K+, Ca2+
    and P accumulation in both roots and shoots, proline, GB, total phenolics and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and
    yield. The wheat Shafaq-06 was better in shoot dry weight, qN, NPQ and Fv/Fm, shoot and root K+, root Ca2+, proline,
    GB accumulation and yield attributes, while Uqab-2000 was better in chlorophyll a contents, root P and MDA contents.
    Overall, better growth and yield of Shafaq-06 than Uqab-2000 under water deficit regimes was found to be associated
    with ALA improved leaf fluorescence (qN, NPQ and Fv/Fm), shoot and root K+, root Ca2+, proline and GB accumulation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Triticum
  19. Fulltext Chromosome Arm Locations of Barley Sucrose Transporter Gene in Transgenic Winter Wheat Lines
    Takenaka S, Weschke W, Brückner B, Murata M, Endo TR
    Front Plant Sci, 2019;10:548.
    PMID: 31114602 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00548
    Three transgenic HOSUT lines of winter wheat, HOSUT12, HOSUT20, and HOSUT24, each harbor a single copy of the cDNA for the barley sucrose transporter gene HvSUT1 (SUT), which was fused to the barley endosperm-specific Hordein B1 promoter (HO; the HOSUT transgene). Previously, flow cytometry combined with PCR analysis demonstrated that the HOSUT transgene had been integrated into different wheat chromosomes: 7A, 5D, and 4A in HOSUT12, HOSUT20, and HOSUT24, respectively. In order to confirm the chromosomal location of the HOSUT transgene by a cytological approach using wheat aneuploid stocks, we crossed corresponding nullisomic-tetrasomic lines with the three HOSUT lines, namely nullisomic 7A-tetrasomic 7B with HOSUT12, nullisomic 5D-tetrasomic 5B with HOSUT20, and nullisomic 4A-tetrasomic 4B with HOSUT24. We examined the resulting chromosomal constitutions and the presence of the HOSUT transgene in the F2 progeny by means of chromosome banding and PCR. The chromosome banding patterns of the critical chromosomes in the original HOSUT lines showed no difference from those of the corresponding wild type chromosomes. The presence or absence of the critical chromosomes completely corresponded to the presence or absence of the HOSUT transgene in the F2 plants. Investigating telocentric chromosomes occurred in the F2 progeny, which were derived from the respective critical HOSUT chromosomes, we found that the HOSUT transgene was individually integrated on the long arms of chromosomes 4A, 7A, and 5D in the three HOSUT lines. Thus, in this study we verified the chromosomal locations of the transgene, which had previously been determined by flow cytometry, and moreover revealed the chromosome-arm locations of the HOSUT transgene in the HOSUT lines.
    Matched MeSH terms: Triticum
  20. Allelopathic effect of Euphorbia guyoniana aqueous extract and their potential uses as natural herbicides
    Nasrine S, El-Darier S, El-Taher H
    Sains Malaysiana, 2013;42:1501-1504.
    The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential allelopathic effects of Euphorbia guyoniana (donor species) aqueous extract on germination efficiency of two weeds (Bromus tectorum and Melilotus indica) and one crop species (Triticum aestivum) under laboratory conditions. The germination efficiency, plumule and radicle length of Bromus was completely inhibited at the highest concentration of aqueous extracts of the donor species level (10%). The two recipient species exerted weak measures as affected by the highest concentration level of the donor. This inhibition was markedly obvious in B. tectorum than in M. indica indicating that B. tectorum is more sensitive to the tested donor, while the M. indica is more adapted to the aqueous extract than the B. tectorum.
    Matched MeSH terms: Triticum
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