Displaying publications 61 - 80 of 131 in total

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  1. Fulltext Effect on the addition of Pleurotus sajor-caju (PSC) on physical and sensorial properties of beef patty
    Wan Rosli, W. I., Solihah, M. A.
    International Food Research Journal, 2012;19(3):993-999.
    MyJurnal
    Mushrooms are well known to be healthy because they are low in calories, fat and cholesterol level but rich in vitamin and other essential nutrients. The grey oyster mushroom, Pleurotus sajor-caju (PSC), is a common edible mushroom and is now grown commercially around the world for food and food products. The ability of PSC in changing physical characteristics and sensory properties of beef patty formulated with this fungus were investigated. Result shows beef patty added with 50% ground PSC recorded the highest concentration total dietary fibre (TDF) at 9.95 g/100g compared to beef patty containing 25% of PSC (7.00 g/100g) and control (3.90g/100g). Beef which was replaced with 25% of PSC, recorded the highest cooking yield (76.62%) and moisture retention (59.80%) respectively. On the other physical traits, beef patty containing 25%
    PSC recorded fat retention at 89.04% and was not significant (P
    Matched MeSH terms: Agaricales
  2. Fulltext Colour, textural properties, cooking characteristics and fibre content of chicken patty added with oyster mushroom (Pleurotus sajor-caju)
    Wan Rosli, W.I., Solihah, M.A., Aishah, M., Nik Fakurudin, N.A., Mohsin, S.S.J.
    International Food Research Journal, 2011;18(2):621-627.
    MyJurnal
    The optical and textural properties of chicken patty formulated with different level of grey oyster mushroom (Pleurotus sajor-caju) at 0, 25 or 50% to replace chicken meat were investigated. The addition of up to 50% oyster mushroom to chicken patty formulations did not change colour a*(redness),compared with the control patty. Chicken patties containing oyster mushroom had lower L* value ranging from 51.02 – 52.65 compared to that of the control patty (57.86). All oyster mushroom-based patties had lower colour b*(yellowness) value compared to chicken patty without mushroom. The hardness of chicken patty decreased proportionally with the level of oyster mushroom. On the other hand, oyster mushroom-based patties were springier than the control patty. Chicken which was replaced with 25% of fresh mushroom, recorded the highest moisture retention (77.19%) and cooking yield (80.71%), respectively. However, replacement of 25% of oyster mushroom with chicken breast in chicken patty formulation was not change the moisture retention, fat retention and cooking yield compared to control patty. Chicken patty added with 50% ground oyster mushroom the highest concentration of total dietary fibre (TDF) at 4.90 g/100 g compared to chicken patty containing 25% of mushroom (3.40 g/100 g) and control (1.90 g/100 g). In summary, the addition of oyster mushroom in chicken patties has decreased the lightness, yellowness, hardness and chewiness while no changes were noted in the redness of the patties.
    Matched MeSH terms: Agaricales
  3. Fulltext MACROFUNGI OF PULAU BIDONG
    TSIA MUN KAIK, AQILAH MOHAMMAD
    UMT Journal of Undergraduate Research, 2019;1(2):26-35.
    MyJurnal
    Studies on fungal taxonomy and fungal diversity are crucial for a better understanding of the interactions between fungi and their habitats. To date, there is no published record on macrofungal diversity in Pulau Bidong, Terengganu. Therefore, this study aimed to identify macrofungi species found with their respective substrates and to determine the macrofungal diversity in the island. The study was conducted at two different occasions and comprised of two trails near Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Research Station in Pulau Bidong, Terengganu. Collectionof fresh macrofungi was made and additional data including host information, distinctive features of each fungal sample and several environmental parameters was also recorded. Fresh specimens were later observed and identified before being dried prior to storage. Overall, 65 macrofungal species with 2 unidentified species belonging to 21 families and 34 genera were recorded. Trail A and trail B recorded diversity index of2.67 and 3.14 for Shannon Index while Simpson index recorded 0.90 and 0.94 respectively. The macrofungal diversity was dominated by family Polyporaceae while rare species discovered were from family of Tricholomataceae, Hericiaceae, Stereaceae, Schizophyllaceae, Sclerodermataceae, Dacrymycetaceae, Tremellaceae, Russulaceae and Clavulinaceae. The most common macrofungal substrates was decayed branches while other macrofungal substrates found were decayed trunks and leaves, soil,termite mounds, and living tree. In conclusion, the macrofungal species were randomlydistributed with high diversity in both trails. Therefore, it is recommended that anincrease in sampling trips, sampling efforts and areas covered be provided to increase the number of macrofungal species discovered and accuracy of diversity studies in the future.
    Matched MeSH terms: Agaricales
  4. Umami taste components and their sources in Asian foods
    Hajeb P, Jinap S
    Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 2015;55(6):778-91.
    PMID: 24915349 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.678422
    Umami, the fifth basic taste, is the inimitable taste of Asian foods. Several traditional and locally prepared foods and condiments of Asia are rich in umami. In this part of world, umami is found in fermented animal-based products such as fermented and dried seafood, and plant-based products from beans and grains, dry and fresh mushrooms, and tea. In Southeast Asia, the most preferred seasonings containing umami are fish and seafood sauces, and also soybean sauces. In the East Asian region, soybean sauces are the main source of umami substance in the routine cooking. In Japan, the material used to obtain umami in dashi, the stock added to almost every Japanese soups and boiled dishes, is konbu or dried bonito. This review introduces foods and seasonings containing naturally high amount of umami substances of both animal and plant sources from different countries in Asia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Agaricales
  5. Fulltext Early onset muscarinic manifestations after wild mushroom ingestion
    Chew KS, Mohidin MA, Ahmad MZ, Tuan Kamauzaman TH, Mohamad N
    Int J Emerg Med, 2008 Sep;1(3):205-8.
    PMID: 19384518 DOI: 10.1007/s12245-008-0054-y
    Despite being a favorite delicacy, only 200-300 of the 5,000 known mushroom species have been clearly established to be safe for consumption. Cases of mushroom poisoning have been reported with diverse clinical syndromes. A syndromic classification of mushroom poisoning has recently been developed to facilitate early interventions. We present a series of five cases of mushroom poisoning with muscarinic manifestations to highlight the difficulties we faced with exact species and toxin identification and the importance of this syndromic classification. The common symptoms in our case series are blurred vision, diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal cramps.
    Matched MeSH terms: Agaricales
  6. Fulltext Influence of customized cooking methods on the phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of selected species of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus spp.)
    Tan YS, Baskaran A, Nallathamby N, Chua KH, Kuppusamy UR, Sabaratnam V
    J Food Sci Technol, 2015 May;52(5):3058-64.
    PMID: 25892809 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-014-1332-8
    Nutritional value of cooked food has been considered to be lower compared to the fresh produce. However, many reports showed that processed fruits and vegetables including mushrooms may retain antioxidant activity. Pleurotus spp. as one of the edible mushroom are in great demand globally and become one of the most popular mushrooms grown worldwide with 25-fold increase in production from 1960-2009. The effects of three different cooking methods (boiling, microwave and pressure cooking) on the antioxidant activities of six different types of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus eryngii, P citrinopileatus, P. cystidiosus P. flabellatus, P. floridanus and P. pulmonarius) were assessed. Free radical scavenging (DPPH) and reducing power (TEAC) were used to evaluate the antioxidant activities and the total phenolic contents were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Pressure cooking improved the scavenging abilities of P. floridanus (>200 %), P. flabellatus (117.6 %), and P. pulmonarius (49.1 %) compared to the uncooked samples. On the other hand, the microwaved Pleurotus eryngii showed 17 % higher in the TEAC value when compared to the uncooked sample. There was, however, no correlation between total phenolic content and antioxidant activities. There could be presence of other bioactive components in the processed mushrooms that may have contributed to the antioxidant activity. These results suggested that customized cooking method can be used to enhance the nutritional value of mushrooms and promote good health.
    Matched MeSH terms: Agaricales
  7. Shotgun proteomic analysis of tiger milk mushroom (Lignosus rhinocerotis) and the isolation of a cytotoxic fungal serine protease from its sclerotium
    Yap HY, Fung SY, Ng ST, Tan CS, Tan NH
    J Ethnopharmacol, 2015 Nov 4;174:437-51.
    PMID: 26320692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.08.042
    The sclerotium of Lignosus rhinocerotis (Cooke) Ryvarden (tiger milk mushroom) has been traditionally used as a complementary and alternative medicine for cancer treatment by the local communities of Southeast Asia. Despite the continuous research interest in its antiproliferative activity, the identity of the bioactive compound(s) responsible has yet to be determined. This study aims to bridge the gap in existing research literature by using proteomics approach for investigation of the nature of the anticancer substance of L. rhinocerotis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Agaricales
  8. Differential identification of mushrooms sclerotia by IR macro-fingerprint method
    Choong YK, Lan J, Lee HL, Chen XD, Wang XG, Yang YP
    Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc, 2016 Jan 5;152:34-42.
    PMID: 26186395 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.07.054
    Many macrofungus sclerotia are well-known medicinal herbs, health food and nutritional supplements. However, the prevalent adulterant commercial products are major hindrances to their incorporation into mainstream medical use in many countries. The mushroom sclerotia of Lignosus rhinocerotis, Poria cocos, Polyporus umbellatus, Pleurotus tuber-regium and Omphalia lapidescens are commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, IR macro-fingerprint method was used in the identification of these sclerotia. The results showed that the spectrum of L. rhinocerotis (LR) was comparable with P. cocos with 94.4% correlation, except that the peak at 1543cm(-1) of LR appeared in lower intensity. The spectrum of P. umbellatus and P. tuber-regium was also correlated (91.5%), as both spectra could be clearly discriminated in that P. umbellatus spectrum has small base peaks located at the range of 1680-1500cm(-1). O. lapidescens was not comparable with all the other sclerotia as its spectrum was totally different. Its base peak was broad and derivated equally along the range. The first IR has revealed the dissimilarity among five mushrooms sclerotia. The second derivative and 2DIR further enhanced the identification in detail.
    Matched MeSH terms: Agaricales
  9. Tiger's Milk Medicinal Mushroom, Lignosus rhinocerotis (Agaricomycetes) Sclerotium Inhibits Nitric Oxide Production in LPS-Stimulated BV2 Microglia
    Seow SL, Naidu M, Sabaratnam V, Vidyadaran S, Wong KH
    Int J Med Mushrooms, 2017;19(5):405-418.
    PMID: 28845770 DOI: 10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.v19.i5.30
    In Malaysia and China, the sclerotium of Lignosus rhinocerotis is used by local communities and traditional medicine practitioners as a general tonic and remedy to treat a variety of ailments, including inflammation-associated disorders. In this study, 10 samples from different preparations of L. rhinocerotis sclerotium, including a hot aqueous extract (HAE), an ethanol extract (EE), fractions from the HAE and EE, and crude polysaccharides, were tested for their in vitro cytotoxic and nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activities in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)--stimulated BV2 microglia. Of the 10 samples tested, HAE was the least cytotoxic toward BV2 microglia, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 176.23 ± 2.64 mg/mL at 24 hours of incubation and 20.01 ± 1.69 mg/ mL at 48 hours of incubation. The inhibition of NO production was explored by pretreatment of BV2 microglia with samples at 2 incubation time points (4 and 24 hours) before the stimulation by LPS for 24 hours. After 24 hours of pretreatment, 8 of the 10 samples inhibited NO production by 50% or more, and cytotoxic effects were not observed. Among the 8 active samples, 500 µg/mL of HAE, 250 µg/mL of an n-butanol fraction of the HAE, and 250 µg/mL of an ethyl acetate fraction of HAE showed maximum inhibition of NO production by 88.95%, 86.50%, and 85.93%, respectively. These results suggest that the L. rhinocerotis sclerotium may contain secondary metabolites that have the potential to inhibit NO production.
    Matched MeSH terms: Agaricales/chemistry*
  10. Fulltext Anti-viral activity of culinary and medicinal mushroom extracts against dengue virus serotype 2: an in-vitro study
    Ellan K, Thayan R, Raman J, Hidari KIPJ, Ismail N, Sabaratnam V
    BMC Complement Altern Med, 2019 Sep 18;19(1):260.
    PMID: 31533688 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2629-y
    BACKGROUND: Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection that has become a major public health concern worldwide. Presently, there is no specific vaccine or treatment available for dengue viral infection.

    METHODS: Lignosus rhinocerotis, Pleurotus giganteus, Hericium erinaceus, Schizophyllum commune and Ganoderma lucidium were selected for evaluation of their in-vitro anti-dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) activities. Hot aqueous extracts (HAEs), ethanol extracts (EEs), hexane soluble extracts (HSEs), ethyl acetate soluble extracts (ESEs) and aqueous soluble extracts (ASEs) were prepared from the selected mushrooms. The cytotoxic effects of the extracts were evaluated by the MTT assay. The anti-DENV-2 activities of the extracts were evaluated in three different assays: simultaneous, attachment and penetration assays were perfomed using plaque reduction assays and RT-qPCR assays. The effect of the addition time on viral replication was assessed by the time of addition assay, and a virucidal assay was carried out to evaluate the direct effect of each mushroom extract on DENV-2. The chemical composition of glucans, and the protein and phenolic acid contents in the extracts were estimated.

    RESULTS: We found that the HAEs and ASEs of L. rhinocerotis, P. giganteus, H. erinaceus and S. commune were the least toxic to Vero cells and showed very prominent anti-DENV2 activity. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of the ASEs ranged between 399.2-637.9 μg/ml, while for the HAEs the range was 312.9-680.6 μg/ml during simultaneous treatment. Significant anti-dengue activity was also detected in the penetration assay of ASEs (IC50: 226.3-315.4 μg/ml) and HAEs (IC50: 943.1-2080.2 μg/ml). Similarly, we observed a marked reduction in the expression levels of the ENV and NS5 genes in the simultaneous and penetration assays of the ASEs and HAEs. Time-of-addition experiments showed that the highest percent of anti-DENV2 activity was observed when the mushroom extracts were added immediately after virus adsorption. None of the extracts exhibited virucidal effect. Chemical composition analysis showed that the major components in the mushroom HAEs and ASEs were glucan (beta D-glucan) and proteins, however, there was no significant correlation between the anti-dengue activity and the concentration of glucans and proteins.

    CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrated the potential of mushroom extracts as anti-dengue therapeutic agents with less toxic effects.

    Matched MeSH terms: Agaricales/chemistry*
  11. Mushroom Bezoar Causing Small Bowel Obstruction
    Hamzah AA, Keow CK, Syazri A, Mallhi TH, Khan AH, Khan YH, et al.
    J Coll Physicians Surg Pak, 2017 Mar;27(3):S13-S15.
    PMID: 28302231 DOI: 238
    A bezoar is a concretion of foreign or indigestible matter in the alimentary canal and is usual cause of gastric obstruction. Bezoars can become fragmented and migrate downward leading to intestinal obstruction. Diagnosis of phytobezoar has become challenging in clinical practice due to lack of patient history and inability of patient to correlate preceding events with the episode of bowel obstruction. Bezoar associated small bowel obstruction rarely occurs and is usually found in patients with history of gastrointestinal surgery. Very few cases are reported of small bowel obstruction due to bezoar in healthy population without prior illness or surgery. We present a case of small bowel obstruction due to mushroom bezoar in a 62-year patient with no past history of medical illness or gastric surgery. Enterotomy was performed and a whole piece of undigested mushroom measuring 5 x 3 cm was successfully removed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Agaricales*
  12. Fulltext Carvacrol derivatives as mushroom tyrosinase inhibitors; synthesis, kinetics mechanism and molecular docking studies
    Ashraf Z, Rafiq M, Nadeem H, Hassan M, Afzal S, Waseem M, et al.
    PLoS One, 2017;12(5):e0178069.
    PMID: 28542395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178069
    The present work describesthe development of highly potent mushroom tyrosinase inhibitor better than the standard kojic acid. Carvacrol derivatives 4a-f and 6a-d having substituted benzoic acid and cinnamic acidresidues were synthesized with the aim to possess potent tyrosinase inhibitory activity.The structures of the synthesized compounds were ascertained by their spectroscopic data (FTIR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and Mass Spectroscopy).Mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity of synthesized compounds was determined and it was found that one of the derivative 6c possess higher activity (IC50 0.0167μM) than standard kojic acid (IC50 16.69μM). The derivatives 4c and 6b also showed good tyrosinase inhibitory activity with (IC50 16.69μM) and (IC50 16.69μM) respectively.Lineweaver-Burk and Dixon plots were used for the determination of kinetic mechanism of the compounds 4c and 6b and 6c. The kinetic analysis revealed that compounds 4c and 6b showed mixed-type inhibition while 6c is a non-competitive inhibitor having Ki values19 μM, 10 μM, and 0.05 μMrespectively. The enzyme inhibitory kinetics further showed thatcompounds 6b and 6c formed irreversible enzyme inhibitor complex while 4c bind reversibly with mushroom tyrosinase.The docking studies showed that compound 6c have maximum binding affinity against mushroom tyrosinase (PDBID: 2Y9X) with binding energy value (-7.90 kcal/mol) as compared to others.The 2-hydroxy group in compound 6c interacts with amino acid HIS85 which is present in active binding site. The wet lab results are in good agreement with the dry lab findings.Based upon our investigation we may propose that the compound 6c is promising candidate for the development of safe cosmetic agent.
    Matched MeSH terms: Agaricales/enzymology*
  13. Anti-inflammatory effect of mushrooms in dengue-infected human monocytes
    Ellan K, Thayan R, Phan CW, Sabaratnam V
    Trop Biomed, 2019 Dec 01;36(4):1087-1098.
    PMID: 33597478
    Pathogenesis of dengue fever has been associated with the activation of the cytokine cascade that triggered inflammatory responses. The inflammatory reactions in dengue haemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS) are the main cause of haemorrhagic manifestations, coagulation disorders, vascular permeability, hypotension and shock which could exacerbate the condition of the disease. In an earlier study, extracts belonging to Lignosus rhinocerotis, Pleurotus giganteus, Hericium erinaceus, Schizophyllum commune and Ganoderma lucidium mushrooms were screened for antidengue virus activities. We found that hot aqueous extract (HAE) and aqueous soluble separated from ethanol extract (ASE) exhibited their potential to reduce dengue viral load which were observed in plaque reduction assay and real-time RT-PCR. In continuation of our previous findings, this study was initiated to further investigate the other aspect; the anti-inflammatory activities of HAE and ASE of L. rhinocerotis, P. giganteus, H. erinaceus, S. commune and G. lucidium on human monocytes infected with dengue virus-2 (DENV-2) New guinea C strain. Human monocytes infected with DENV-2 were treated with mushroom extracts for 48 hours. The cytokine profile coincides with dengue infection, i.e. IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 were measured by BD OptEIATM Elisa Kit. The expression of these cytokines was significantly elevated in untreated infected cells two days after infection. However, after treated with mushroom extracts prominent anti-inflammatory effect were detected towards IFN-γ, IL-10, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. The most significant anti-inflammatory effects were detected in HAE of G. lucidium, S. commune, P. giganteus and ASE of L. rhinocerotis and the effects were comparable with dexamethasone, the reference inhibitor. These results demonstrated that mushroom HAE or ASE could successfully have suppressed cytokine production in dengue-infected monocytes and has a great potential to develop an antiinflammatory agent from mushroom extract for the treatment of dengue infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Agaricales/chemistry*
  14. Comparative study of antioxidant activities and total phenolic content of selected edible wild mushrooms
    Yim HS, Chye FY, Lee MY, Matanjun P, How SE, Ho CW
    Int J Med Mushrooms, 2011;13(3):245-55.
    PMID: 22135876
    The present study aims to assess the antioxidant activities (AOA) and total phenolic content (TPC) of water extracts of selected edible wild mushrooms: Pleurotus porrigens, Schizophyllum commune, Hygrocybe conica, and Lentinus ciliatus. The AOA were evaluated against DPPH radical and ABTS radical cation scavenging ability, ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and beta-carotene-linoleate bleaching (beta-CB) assays, and the Folin-Ciocalteu method for TPC. BHA was used as reference. P. porrigens showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) DPPH* scavenging ability (90.78 +/- 0.30%) and FRAP (6.37 +/- 0.22 mM FE/100g), while Sch. commune showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) ABTS*+ inhibition activity (94.96 +/- 0.70%) and beta-CB inhibition activity (94.18 +/- 0.17%), respectively. TPC was found in a descending order of P. poriggens > L. ciliatus = Pleurotus ostreatus (cultivated) > H. conica = Sch. commune. Positive correlation was observed between the AOA and TPC. When compared to BHA (2 mM), P. porrigens showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) DPPH* scavenging ability and reducing power, while Sch. commune showed comparable DPPH* scavenging ability and ABTS*+ inhibition activity. All the mushrooms have better ABTS*+ inhibition activity than BHA (1 mM). The beta-CB inhibition activity of BHA was significantly higher than those of edible wild mushrooms. The water extracts of edible wild mushrooms showed potent antioxidant activities compared to BHA to a certain extent.
    Matched MeSH terms: Agaricales/chemistry*
  15. Fulltext Mushrooms: a potential natural source of anti-inflammatory compounds for medical applications
    Elsayed EA, El Enshasy H, Wadaan MA, Aziz R
    Mediators Inflamm, 2014;2014:805841.
    PMID: 25505823 DOI: 10.1155/2014/805841
    For centuries, macrofungi have been used as food and medicine in different parts of the world. This is mainly attributed to their nutritional value as a potential source of carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, and minerals. In addition, they also include many bioactive metabolites which make mushrooms and truffles common components in folk medicine, especially in Africa, the Middle East, China, and Japan. The reported medicinal effects of mushrooms include anti-inflammatory effects, with anti-inflammatory compounds of mushrooms comprising a highly diversified group in terms of their chemical structure. They include polysaccharides, terpenoids, phenolic compounds, and many other low molecular weight molecules. The aims of this review are to report the different types of bioactive metabolites and their relevant producers, as well as the different mechanisms of action of mushroom compounds as potent anti-inflammatory agents.
    Matched MeSH terms: Agaricales/chemistry*
  16. Ultrasonically extracted β-d-glucan from artificially cultivated mushroom, characteristic properties and antioxidant activity
    Alzorqi I, Sudheer S, Lu TJ, Manickam S
    Ultrason Sonochem, 2017 Mar;35(Pt B):531-540.
    PMID: 27161557 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.04.017
    Ganoderma mushroom cultivated recently in Malaysia to produce chemically different nutritional fibers has attracted the attention of the local market. The extraction methods, molecular weight and degree of branching of (1-3; 1-6)-β-d-glucan polysaccharides is of prime importance to determine its antioxidant bioactivity. Therefore three extraction methods i.e. hot water extraction (HWE), soxhlet extraction (SE) and ultrasound assisted extraction (US) were employed to study the total content of (1-3; 1-6)-β-d-glucans, degree of branching, structural characteristics, monosaccharides composition, as well as the total yield of polysaccharides that could be obtained from the artificially cultivated Ganoderma. The physical characteristics by HPAEC-PAD, HPGPC and FTIR, as well as the antioxidant in vitro assays of DPPH scavenging activity and ferric reducing power (FRAP) indicated that (1-3; 1-6)-β-d-glucans of Malaysian mushroom have better antioxidant activity, higher molecular weight and optimal degree of branching when extracted by US in comparison with conventional methods.
    Matched MeSH terms: Agaricales/chemistry*
  17. Synthesis, Kinetics and Computational Explorations of 4-Phenylpiperazine Bearing N-(Aryl)-3-substituted-benzamides as Auspicious Tyrosinase Inhibitors
    Zeb A, Abbasi MA, Aziz-Ur-Rehman, Siddiqui SZ, Hassan M, Javed Q, et al.
    Chem Biodivers, 2024 Apr;21(4):e202400133.
    PMID: 38363553 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400133
    In the aimed research study, a new series of N-(aryl)-3-[(4-phenyl-1-piperazinyl)methyl]benzamides was synthesized, which was envisaged as tyrosinase inhibitor. The structures of these newly designed molecules were verified by IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, EI-MS and CHN analysis data. These molecules were screened against tyrosinase and their inhibitory activity explored that these 3-substituted-benzamides exhibit good to excellent potential, comparative to the standard. The Kinetics mechanism was investigated through Lineweaver-Burk plots which depicted that molecules inhibited this enzyme in a competitive mode. Moreover, molecular docking was also performed to determine the binding interaction of all synthesized molecules (ligands) with the active site of tyrosinase enzyme and the results showed that most of the ligands exhibited efficient binding energy values. Therefore, it is anticipated that these molecules might serve as auspicious therapeutic scaffolds for treatment of the tyrosinase associated skin disorders.
    Matched MeSH terms: Agaricales*
  18. LC-MS/MS profiling of the poisonous wild mushroom, Entoloma mastoideum, (Entolomataceae, Basidiomycota) in Sabah (Northern Borneo), Malaysia
    M H Subari IAA, Mutthumanickam G, Hj Jikal M, Shah MD, Tan JK, Tan YS, et al.
    Toxicon, 2024 Nov 28;251:108133.
    PMID: 39426425 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108133
    In Malaysia, mushroom poisoning poses a significant public health concern, particularly as local communities frequently consume wild mushrooms without fully recognizing the potential dangers they present. Ingestion of wild mushrooms, which resemble edible species but contain deadly chemicals, is the main cause of poisoning risk. The genus Entoloma (Fr.) P. Kumm is dispersed worldwide, with over 1500 species recorded. Entoloma mastoideum, a poisonous mushroom, was recorded for the first time at Kota Marudu district, Sabah, Malaysia, where ten cases of mushroom poisoning outbreaks were recorded during the rainy season of October 2019. The morphological characters of the specimens were documented and their microscopic features were analyzed using compound microscope and scanning electron microscope. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analysis. Chemical profiling of the poisonous mushroom specimen was done via liquid chromatograph mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to identify toxic metabolites. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the Bornean E. mastoideum is closely related to the Chinese isolates (100% BS/1.0 PP). LC-MS/MS profiling detected a total of 162 metabolites that were classified into ten general groups, where several toxic compounds were detected amongst the aromatics, essential amino acids, and fatty acid derivatives. The toxic compounds identified in the mushroom extract, including amino acid derivatives such as 3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyynorleucine, valpromide, and betaine, have been reported to cause neurotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, liver damage, and gastrointestinal harm. The presence of these toxic compounds underscores the need for caution when consuming wild mushrooms. Further research on poisonous Entoloma species is vital for developing accurate identification methods and understanding their toxic potential. This knowledge is essential for enhancing public awareness, preventing mushroom poisoning incidents and safeguarding public health.
    Matched MeSH terms: Agaricales/chemistry
  19. Fulltext Heterologous expression of cytotoxic sesquiterpenoids from the medicinal mushroom Lignosus rhinocerotis in yeast
    Yap HY, Muria-Gonzalez MJ, Kong BH, Stubbs KA, Tan CS, Ng ST, et al.
    Microb Cell Fact, 2017 Jun 12;16(1):103.
    PMID: 28606152 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0713-x
    BACKGROUND: Genome mining facilitated by heterologous systems is an emerging approach to access the chemical diversity encoded in basidiomycete genomes. In this study, three sesquiterpene synthase genes, GME3634, GME3638, and GME9210, which were highly expressed in the sclerotium of the medicinal mushroom Lignosus rhinocerotis, were cloned and heterologously expressed in a yeast system.

    RESULTS: Metabolite profile analysis of the yeast culture extracts by GC-MS showed the production of several sesquiterpene alcohols (C15H26O), including cadinols and germacrene D-4-ol as major products. Other detected sesquiterpenes include selina-6-en-4-ol, β-elemene, β-cubebene, and cedrene. Two purified major compounds namely (+)-torreyol and α-cadinol synthesised by GME3638 and GME3634 respectively, are stereoisomers and their chemical structures were confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that GME3638 and GME3634 are a pair of orthologues, and are grouped together with terpene synthases that synthesise cadinenes and related sesquiterpenes. (+)-Torreyol and α-cadinol were tested against a panel of human cancer cell lines and the latter was found to exhibit selective potent cytotoxicity in breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF7) with IC50 value of 3.5 ± 0.58 μg/ml while α-cadinol is less active (IC50 = 18.0 ± 3.27 μg/ml).

    CONCLUSIONS: This demonstrates that yeast-based genome mining, guided by transcriptomics, is a promising approach for uncovering bioactive compounds from medicinal mushrooms.

    Matched MeSH terms: Agaricales/genetics; Agaricales/chemistry*
  20. Discovering the Potentials of Medicinal Mushrooms in Combating Depression - A Review
    Lew SY, Teoh SL, Lim SH, Lim LW, Wong KH
    Mini Rev Med Chem, 2020;20(15):1518-1531.
    PMID: 32452327 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200526125534
    Depression is the most common form of mental illness and the major cause of disability worldwide. Symptoms of depression, including feelings of intense sadness and hopelessness, may occur after a specific event or in response to a gradual decline in health and functional status, often associated with aging. Current therapies for treating these symptoms include antidepressant drugs, counseling and behavioral therapy. However, antidepressant drugs are associated with mild to severe adverse effects, which has prompted the need for better treatment options. Medicinal mushrooms are valuable sources of food and medicine and are increasingly being used as supplements or as alternative medicines in standard healthcare. Numerous studies have provided insights into the neuroprotective effects of medicinal mushrooms, which are attributed to their antioxidant, anti-neuroinflammatory, cholinesterase inhibitory and neuroprotective properties. In this review, we comprehensively examine the role of these medicinal mushrooms in the treatment of depression. However, to apply these natural products in clinical settings, the therapeutic agent needs to be properly evaluated, including the active ingredients, the presence of synergistic effects, efficient extraction methods, and stabilization of the active ingredients for delivery into the body as well as crossing the blood-brain barrier.
    Matched MeSH terms: Agaricales/metabolism; Agaricales/chemistry*
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