Displaying publications 61 - 80 of 339 in total

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  1. Fulltext A Review of Actuation and Sensing Mechanisms in MEMS-Based Sensor Devices
    Algamili AS, Khir MHM, Dennis JO, Ahmed AY, Alabsi SS, Ba Hashwan SS, et al.
    Nanoscale Res Lett, 2021 Jan 26;16(1):16.
    PMID: 33496852 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-021-03481-7
    Over the last couple of decades, the advancement in Microelectromechanical System (MEMS) devices is highly demanded for integrating the economically miniaturized sensors with fabricating technology. A sensor is a system that detects and responds to multiple physical inputs and converting them into analogue or digital forms. The sensor transforms these variations into a form which can be utilized as a marker to monitor the device variable. MEMS exhibits excellent feasibility in miniaturization sensors due to its small dimension, low power consumption, superior performance, and, batch-fabrication. This article presents the recent developments in standard actuation and sensing mechanisms that can serve MEMS-based devices, which is expected to revolutionize almost many product categories in the current era. The featured principles of actuating, sensing mechanisms and real-life applications have also been discussed. Proper understanding of the actuating and sensing mechanisms for the MEMS-based devices can play a vital role in effective selection for novel and complex application design.
    Matched MeSH terms: Reference Standards
  2. Fulltext Mitigation measures during elections and it’s impacts on COVID-19 Pandemic: Sabah State (Malaysia), New Zealand and the United States
    Syaza Zainudin, Mohd Amiruddin Mohd Kassim, Nor Nadia Mohamad Ridza
    Borneo Epidemiology Journal, 2020;1(2):145-156.
    MyJurnal
    Background and Objective: Countries all over the world respect the election process as one of the fundamental steps in forming a government. However, the exponential spread of COVID-19 has been deeply alarming, with a high number of positive cases and total deaths, forcing World Health Organization to declare it as a pandemic on 11thMarch 2020. During these unprecedented events, governments have had a tough decision to balance between the constitutional obligation to hold an election and the safety of the people. As such, electoral commissions have implemented numerous approaches to allow election to proceed in a safe and controlled setting during the pandemic.
    Methods: The preventative measures and standard operating procedures in the Sabah state of Malaysia, NewZealand and the United States elections are discussed, as well as COVID-19 post-election situation in respective countries. Innovative approaches and election flexibilities shall be considered to allow voting in the safest way possible, following the new normal.
    Discussion:Nevertheless, countries need to evaluate its strength of public health response when deciding to hold elections due to potential devastating outbreaks following elections despite measures taken.
    Conclusion: The election is a fundamental process in a democracy. Countries are required to be flexible and innovative in their approach to hold a safe election. Nevertheless, it may be prudent for countries with fewer resources and poor pandemic control to postpone election as a rise in cases will be catastrophic, putting many lives at risk.
    Matched MeSH terms: Reference Standards
  3. Fulltext MANEUVERING PERFORMANCE OF TUGBOAT USING COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS (CFD) APPROACH
    LIM XUE YEN, AHMAD FITRIADHY
    UMT Journal of Undergraduate Research, 2021;3(1):17-24.
    MyJurnal
    Concerning on navigational safety of a ship, comprehensive investigation of manoeuvrability of the ship is prominently required. The turning instability due to improper speed and magnitude of the rudder angle is vulnerable to serious accidents such as collision especially in the confined waters. This paper presents a computational fluid dynamic analyses on manoeuvrability performance of a tug in calm water. Here, the characteristics of the turning ability and zig-zag characteristics of the tug has been assessed due to effect of the various angles of twin-rudder and turning speeds. The results revealed that the increase of rudder’s angle resulted in subsequent reduction of her advance diameter from 144 m, 108 m, 96 m to 92 m. While for zig zag manoeuvre, the first overshoot angle is 0.6° and 1.08° for 10°/10° and 20°/20° rudder’s angle respectively. The first overshoot and second overshoot angle are within the IMO criteria which is below 20° and 25°. However, the increase of turning speed from 7 knots to 9 knots has been proportional with the increase of the turning diameter (advance diameter) from 70 m to 105.2 m. Basically, the turning performances of the tug manoeuvring with the turning speed of 7 to 9 knots incorporated with rudder’s angle 20°, 25°, 30° and 35° have been complied with IMO manoeuvring standards. This preliminary analysis contributes very valuable findings at early ship design stage to provide a safety of the navigational guidance for turning ability of the tug.
    Matched MeSH terms: Reference Standards
  4. Fulltext Evaluation of 3M™ loop-mediated isothermal amplification-based kit and 3M™ ready-to-use plating system for detection of Listeria in naturally contaminated leafy vegetables, chicken, and their related processing environments
    Abatcha MG, Tan PL, Chuah LO, Rusul G, Chandraprasad SR, Effarizah ME
    Food Sci Biotechnol, 2020 Aug;29(8):1141-1148.
    PMID: 32670668 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-020-00762-2
    The effectiveness of two different rapid methods involving the 3M™ molecular detection assay Listeria and the 3M™ Petrifilm environmental Listeria Plate were evaluated for the rapid detection of Listeria from naturally contaminated vegetables and chicken-processing environments against the standard culture-based method. A total of 178 samples were examined for the presence of Listeria. A total of 47/178 (26.4%) by standard ISO culture-based method (EN ISO 11290-1), 42/178 (23.6%) by 3M™ MDA Listeria and 40/178 (22.5%) by 3M™ Petrifilm EL Plate showed positive results, respectively. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for 3M™ MDA Listeria and 3M™ Petrifilm EL Plate were 97.2, 89.4, 99.3, 97.7, 96.4% and 96.1, 85.1, 100.0, 100.0, 94.9%, respectively. Based on the Cohen's Kappa value, there was a complete and robust concordance between 3M™ MDA Listeria (0.911) and 3M™ Petrifilm EL Plates (0.894) as compared to the standard culture-based method.
    Matched MeSH terms: Reference Standards
  5. Fulltext What Does It Mean for a Case to be 'Local'?: the Importance of Local Relevance and Resonance for Bioethics Education in the Asia-Pacific Region
    Bergstresser SM, Ghias K, Lane S, Lau WM, Hwang ISS, Ngan OMY, et al.
    Asian Bioeth Rev, 2020 Jun;12(2):173-194.
    PMID: 33717336 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-020-00120-8
    Contemporary bioethics education has been developed predominately within Euro-American contexts, and now, other global regions are increasingly joining the field, leading to a richer global understanding. Nevertheless, many standard bioethics curriculum materials retain a narrow geographic focus. The purpose of this article is to use local cases from the Asia-Pacific region as examples for exploring questions such as 'what makes a case or example truly local, and why?', 'what topics have we found to be best explained through local cases or examples?', and 'how does one identify a relevant local case?' Furthermore, we consider the global application of local cases to help extend the possible scope of the discussion, opening new avenues for the development of practical bioethics educational materials. We begin with a background description and discussion of why local cases enhance bioethics education, move to an overview of what is currently available and what is not for the region, and then outline a discussion of what it means to be local using example cases drawn from Hong Kong, Australia, Pakistan, and Malaysia. We are not creating a casebook but rather constructing by example a toolbox for designing active and dynamic learning cases using regional diversity as contextualised cases with generalised principles.
    Matched MeSH terms: Reference Standards
  6. Fulltext Developing a bank of faculty-authored, valid and reliable objective questions for institutional use: sharing the experience
    Rukhsana Hussain Malik, Alam Sher Malik
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(107):28-35.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: With the increasing number of institutions implementing competency-based education which demands to provide feedback to students at regular intervals, there is an increase in the frequency of assessments. For this purpose, the written examinations using multiple choice questions (MCQs) are the most feasible form of assessment. However, constructing MCQs is an arduous task and significantly adds to the work-load of the academ- ic staff members. To ease this burden, the institutions may consider to develop banks of valid and reliable MCQs. Methods: Based and built on our experience and literature review, the steps – relating to the process of constructing valid and reliable questions and development of question banks (QBs) – are the actions needed to develop new QBs or improve on the existing ones. Results: We have described ten practical steps for developing and banking of MCQs. The first five steps relate to the development of quality items and the remaining steps relate to the development of QBs, their maintenance, growth and safety and security. We have also established the criteria for selection and the frequency of reuse of questions. Conclusion: Using QBs will alleviate some of the burden of constructing novel quality questions needed for frequent assessments of students using 21st century teaching/learning approaches. The use of banked questions with known psychometric properties would allow the authorities to take charge and control of items’ quality and overall examination standards.
    Matched MeSH terms: Reference Standards
  7. Neuromuscular ultrasound competency assessment: Consensus-based survey
    Tawfik EA, Cartwright MS, Grimm A, Boon AJ, Kerasnoudis A, Preston DC, et al.
    Muscle Nerve, 2021 05;63(5):651-656.
    PMID: 33382094 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27163
    Neuromuscular ultrasound is a rapidly evolving specialty with direct application for patient care. Competency assessment is an essential standard needed to ensure quality for practitioners, particularly for those newly acquiring skills with the technique. Our aim was to survey experts' opinions regarding physician competency assessment of neuromuscular ultrasound and to identify minimal competency of knowledge and skills. The opinions of 18 experts were obtained through the Delphi method using two consecutive electronic surveys. A high degree of consensus was achieved on items regarding framework and the conduct of neuromuscular ultrasound assessment and the knowledge and skills that a candidate needs to attain minimal competency in neuromuscular ultrasound. In this study, a group of neuromuscular ultrasound experts developed a general framework for neuromuscular ultrasound competency assessment and recommended testable areas of knowledge and skills suitable for establishing minimal competency.
    Matched MeSH terms: Reference Standards
  8. Fulltext A Taphonomic Study of Crocodylus porosus (Crocodylidae) and Tomistoma schlegelii (Gavialidae) Remains from Western Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo: Applications for Public Education
    Ruhana Hassan, Nur Fatimah Mohd Azizi, Muhammad Amirul Arib Md Adzhar, Mohd Izwan Zulaini Abdul Gani, Rambli Ahmad, Charles Leh Moi Ung
    Trends in Undergraduate Research, 2018;1(1):0-0.
    MyJurnal
    This study documented details of the dentitions, skulls and other skeletal remains of Crocodylus porosus and Tomistoma schlegelii, from western part of Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. The remains of both reptiles were exhumed, followed by standard cleaning procedures and then detail morphological assessments were carried out accordingly. Both species show similar structure of vertebral columns, but T. schlegelii has the following unique structures: a long and narrower snout, D-shaped eye sockets, long and sharp pointed protruding quadratojugal bones, straight maxillae and dentary, a smooth surfaced skull, elongated triangular suborbital fenestrae, round shaped internal nares and visible supraoccipital from a dorsal view. C. porosus has heterodont dentition with blunt-pointed and irregular size of teeth whereas T. schlegelii has almost homodont dentition with sharp and similar size teeth. This is the first collection of teeth, skulls and other skeletal remains of both species obtained from Sarawak, and the materials have been used regularly to educate the public through science exhibitions, hoping they will spark the interests of young budding scientists to be involved in wildlife taphonomic studies in the future.
    Matched MeSH terms: Reference Standards
  9. Fulltext Directionally-Enhanced Binary Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimisation for Load Balancing in Software Defined Networks
    Albowarab MH, Zakaria NA, Zainal Abidin Z
    Sensors (Basel), 2021 May 12;21(10).
    PMID: 34065920 DOI: 10.3390/s21103356
    Various aspects of task execution load balancing of Internet of Things (IoTs) networks can be optimised using intelligent algorithms provided by software-defined networking (SDN). These load balancing aspects include makespan, energy consumption, and execution cost. While past studies have evaluated load balancing from one or two aspects, none has explored the possibility of simultaneously optimising all aspects, namely, reliability, energy, cost, and execution time. For the purposes of load balancing, implementing multi-objective optimisation (MOO) based on meta-heuristic searching algorithms requires assurances that the solution space will be thoroughly explored. Optimising load balancing provides not only decision makers with optimised solutions but a rich set of candidate solutions to choose from. Therefore, the purposes of this study were (1) to propose a joint mathematical formulation to solve load balancing challenges in cloud computing and (2) to propose two multi-objective particle swarm optimisation (MP) models; distance angle multi-objective particle swarm optimization (DAMP) and angle multi-objective particle swarm optimization (AMP). Unlike existing models that only use crowding distance as a criterion for solution selection, our MP models probabilistically combine both crowding distance and crowding angle. More specifically, we only selected solutions that had more than a 0.5 probability of higher crowding distance and higher angular distribution. In addition, binary variants of the approaches were generated based on transfer function, and they were denoted by binary DAMP (BDAMP) and binary AMP (BAMP). After using MOO mathematical functions to compare our models, BDAMP and BAMP, with state of the standard models, BMP, BDMP and BPSO, they were tested using the proposed load balancing model. Both tests proved that our DAMP and AMP models were far superior to the state of the art standard models, MP, crowding distance multi-objective particle swarm optimisation (DMP), and PSO. Therefore, this study enables the incorporation of meta-heuristic in the management layer of cloud networks.
    Matched MeSH terms: Reference Standards
  10. Fulltext Sugar Cane images in Tamil Proverbs: A Semantic Inquisitive analysis
    TANGAPRABHU MURTHY, MARY FATIMAH SUBET
    Trends in Undergraduate Research, 2018;1(1):0-0.
    MyJurnal
    Proverbs are created when people started to observe and understand the nature around them. Proverbs consist of literal meanings and implicated meanings. The way these proverbs have been said, portrays the beauty and smoothness of the language to which the proverbs belong. This research is mainly conducted to distinguish Indian community's intellectual and philosophical abilities in conveying direct and indirect meanings. The theoretical framework used in this research is inquisitive semantics by Nor Hashimah Jalaluddin (2014). This is a qualitative research. The researcher attained 25 datas by interviewing four (4) Indian informants. However, this research acquired only three 3 data in which the image of sugarcane has been used. Finding shows that the Indian community's proverbs are established from their observation towards nature and the Indian community has their own philosophical understanding and also intellectual standards in the creation of proverbs. Actual meanings behind the data used in this research have been successfully decoded using the theory of inquisitive semantics. In a nutshell, this study is highly justifiable as the theory used in this research is a renowned and authoritative theory.
    Matched MeSH terms: Reference Standards
  11. Fulltext Bradycardia, renal failure, atrioventricular nodal blockade, shock, and hyperkalemia: An important syndrome to recognize
    Wong CK, Jaafar MJ
    Turk J Emerg Med, 2021 02 12;21(2):86-89.
    PMID: 33969246 DOI: 10.4103/2452-2473.309138
    BRASH syndrome is a syndrome characterized by bradycardia, renal failure, usage of atrioventricular (AV) nodal blocker, shock, and hyperkalemia (BRASH). It is more common among patients with multiple comorbidities such as cardiac disease, kidney dysfunction, and hypertension requiring AV nodal blockers. Cardiac conduction abnormalities are frequently caused by severe hyperkalemia. However, it may also occur in mild-to-moderate hyperkalemia with concomitant use of AV nodal blockers due to the synergistic effects between these two factors in the presence of renal insufficiency. It is essential for the physician to identify BRASH syndrome as the treatment may differ from standard advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS) protocol. We report the two cases of patient who presented with BRASH syndrome who failed to respond to standard ACLS protocol.
    Matched MeSH terms: Reference Standards
  12. Spatially varying correlation between environmental conditions and human leptospirosis in Sarawak, Malaysia
    Kira R, Bilung LM, Ngui R, Apun K, Su'ut L
    Trop Biomed, 2021 Jun 01;38(2):31-39.
    PMID: 33973570 DOI: 10.47665/tb.38.2.034
    The spatial distribution of environmental conditions may influence the dynamics of vectorborne diseases like leptospirosis. This study aims to investigate the global and localised relationships between leptospirosis with selected environmental variables. The association between environmental variables and the spatial density of geocoded leptospirosis cases was determined using global Poisson regression (GPR) and geographically weighted Poisson regression (GWPR). A higher prevalence of leptospirosis was detected in areas with higher water vapour pressure (exp(â): 1.12; 95% CI: 1.02 - 1.25) and annual precipitation (exp(â): 1.15; 95% CI: 1.02 - 1.31), with lower precipitation in the driest month (exp(â): 0.85; 95% CI: 0.75 - 0.96) and the wettest quarter (exp(â): 0.88; 95% CI: 0.77 - 1.00). Water vapor pressure (WVP) varied the most in the hotspot regions with a standard deviation of 0.62 (LQ: 0.15; UQ; 0.99) while the least variation was observed in annual precipitation (ANNP) with a standard deviation of 0.14 (LQ: 0.11; UQ; 0.30). The reduction in AICc value from 519.73 to 443.49 indicates that the GWPR model is able to identify the spatially varying correlation between leptospirosis and selected environmental variables. The results of the localised relationships in this study could be used to formulate spatially targeted interventions. This would be particularly useful in localities with a strong environmental or socio-demographical determinants for the transmission of leptospirosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Reference Standards
  13. Fulltext Scheme of obtaining β-carotene standard from pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) flesh
    Norshazila, S., Irwandi, J., Othman, R., Yumi Zuhanis, H.H.
    International Food Research Journal, 2012;19(2):531-535.
    MyJurnal
    Characterization and quantification of carotenoid compound is complicated, costly and timeconsuming. The accuracy and reliability of the data depend solely on the standard and to High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis but the major constraint is to acquire and to maintain the pure standards. Carotenoid standards are commercially available but they are expensive and are prone to isomerization and oxidation. Thus, the purpose of this study is to establish an analytical method for isolating β-carotene by using open column chromatography (OCC) from pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) to be used as one of the carotenoid standards for determination of total and individual carotenoid. Pumpkin with orange flesh has been chosen due to the non-seasonal nature and its availability all year-round. This study demonstrated that the purity of β-carotene standard; determined by HPLC was ranged from 92.21 to 97.95%. The standard curves with five different concentrations of β-carotene extract from pumpkins in triplicate were constructed by plotting the peak area against the concentration. The coefficient of correlation was 0.9936. Therefore, this study established that pumpkin can be a reliable source of beta-carotene standard as it is cheap and commonly available throughout the year.
    Matched MeSH terms: Reference Standards
  14. Fulltext A comparison between the UK and a Malaysian setting of antipsychotic prescribing on forensic wards using prescribing observatory for mental health-UK standards
    Johnson, D., Badi’ah, Y.
    Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 2012;21(2):0-0.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction Clinical guidelines recommend the use of a single antipsychotic drug at standard doses. In clinical practise high-dose and combined antipsychotics are common. Methods A clinical audit of antipsychotic prescribing for patients in a forensic ward in a Malaysian hospital was undertaken using Prescribing Observatory for Mental Health-UK (POMH) standards and compared to POMH data. Results The level of high dose prescribing between Malaysian and the UK was comparable. There were low levels of the use of ‘as required’ (PRN) medication in Malaysia compared to the UK. The use of combined prescribing was more common in Malaysia. Discussion Levels of high dose antipsychotic prescribing are unsatisfactory across both jurisdictions. Specific quality improvements in Malaysia need to centre on the use of combination antipsychotics.
    Matched MeSH terms: Reference Standards
  15. Fulltext The academic consequences of problem behaviours in middle childhood and linkages between externalising and internalising difficulties
    Kong K
    Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia, 2017;31:84-95.
    Numerous studies have documented relationships between problem behaviours and academic achievement measures. This study was initiated to address the relationship between parentreported problem behaviour symptoms (externalising and internalising) and standardised measures of academic achievement. The sample comprised of 3678 boys and 3846 girls in Ireland who were tracked over two time points. The first wave of data was collected when the children were 9 years old, followed by a second wave when they turned 13 years. An autoregressive model linking data at age 9 and age 13 was used to test the linkages between problems behaviours (externalising and internalising) and academic achievement over time, while simultaneously controlling for within-time association. Secondarily, the study also seeks to clarify the association between symptoms of externalising and internalising within the broader domain of problem behaviours itself. Results suggested that problems behaviours evident in middle childhood appeared to undermine academic competence by early adolescence. Likewise, early academic failures were associated with later problem behaviours. On the other hand, externalising and internalising difficulties showed reciprocal relationships over time. Implications of cascade effects for research and intervention are discussed
    Matched MeSH terms: Reference Standards
  16. Horizon Scan of the Belt and Road Initiative
    Hughes AC, Lechner AM, Chitov A, Horstmann A, Hinsley A, Tritto A, et al.
    Trends Ecol Evol, 2020 Jul;35(7):583-593.
    PMID: 32521242 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2020.02.005
    The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) represents the largest infrastructure and development project in human history, and presents risks and opportunities for ecosystems, economies, and communities. Some risks (habitat fragmentation, roadkill) are obvious, however, many of the BRI's largest challenges for development and conservation are not obvious and require extensive consideration to identify. In this first BRI Horizon Scan, we identify 11 frontier issues that may have large environmental and social impacts but are not yet recognised. More generally, the BRI will increase China's participation in international environmental governance. Thus, new cooperative modes of governance are needed to balance geopolitical, societal, and environmental interests. Upgrading and standardising global environmental standards is essential to safeguard ecological systems and human societies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Reference Standards
  17. Fulltext Drug attitude and adherence: a qualitative insight of patients with hypertension
    Saleem F, Hassali M, Shafie A, Atif M
    J Young Pharm, 2012 Apr;4(2):101-7.
    PMID: 22754262 DOI: 10.4103/0975-1483.96624
    The study is aimed to explore the perceptions and experiences of hypertensive patients toward medication use and adherence. The study was qualitative in nature conducted at Sandamen Provisional Hospital of Quetta city, Pakistan; a public hospital catering to the health needs of about 40% of the population. A qualitative approach was used to gain an in-depth knowledge of the issues. Sixteen patients were interviewed, and the saturation point was achieved after the 14(th) interview. All interviews were audio-taped, transcribed verbatim, and were then analyzed for thematic contents by the standard content analysis framework. Thematic content analysis yielded five major themes. (1) Perceived benefits and risks of medications, (2) physician's interaction with patients, (3) perception toward traditional remedies, (4) layman concept toward medications, and (5) beliefs toward hypertension and its control. The majority of the patients carried specific unrealistic beliefs regarding the long-term use of medication; yet these beliefs were heavily accepted and practiced by the society. The study indicated a number of key themes that can be used in changing the beliefs and experiences of hypertensive patients. Physician's attitude, patient's past experiences, and knowledge related to hypertension were noted as major contributing factors thus resulting in nonadherence to therapy prescribed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Reference Standards
  18. Fulltext Comparison of Non-Operative Mesotherapy and Surgery in the Management of Superficial Lipomas
    Kataria K, Venkatesh M, Chumber S, Rathore Y, Srivastava A, Dhar A, et al.
    Malays J Med Sci, 2021 Feb;28(1):51-58.
    PMID: 33679220 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2021.28.1.7
    Background: Lipomas are benign adipocytic tumours. Surgical excision is the gold standard for treating such lipomas, but it results in unaesthetic scarring.

    Methods: A total of 126 patients were randomised into two groups. The patients in Group A underwent mesotherapy (n = 66) and those in Group B underwent surgery (n = 60). The patients in Group A group received six sessions of mesotherapy treatment at 2-week intervals. Both groups were followed up for 12 weeks, during which they were assessed for complications arising from treatment, reduction of the size of the lipoma and cosmetic outcomes.

    Results: The overall mean age of the patients was 32.93 (± 10.1) years old and the mean volume of the lipomas was 2.29 (± 3.8) mL. A 55.86% (P = 0.0032) mean reduction in the volume of lipomas was noted in the patients who received mesotherapy, while one patient showed a gain of 16% by volume. The patients in Group A (cosmetic score ≥ 4: 63%) were happier with the treatment than those in Group B (cosmetic score ≥ 4: 21%).

    Conclusion: Our findings indicate that mesotherapy modestly reduces the volume of lipomas with very few and minor complications and excellent cosmetic outcomes.

    Matched MeSH terms: Reference Standards
  19. Fulltext Controversies on the Use of Ultraviolet Rays for Disinfection During the COVID-19 Pandemic
    Chew CC, Rajan P
    Malays J Med Sci, 2021 Feb;28(1):117-119.
    PMID: 33679228 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2021.28.1.15
    During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the use of ultraviolet (UV) rays to disinfect skin areas, clothes and other objects at the entry/exit points of public spaces has been widely discussed by stakeholders. While ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) has been shown to effectively inactivate coronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-1 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), no specific evidence proves that it effectively inactivates the new SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19. Because UV rays damage human tissue, UVGI should be used with caution and not directly on human skin. Various guidelines recommend that UVGI should not be used as a sole agent for disinfecting surfaces or objects but as an adjunct to the latest standard disinfecting procedures.
    Matched MeSH terms: Reference Standards
  20. Fulltext Development and validation of a bioanalytical method for quantification of 2,6-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-cyclohexanone (BHMC) in rat plasma
    Lee YZ, Ming-Tatt L, Lajis NH, Sulaiman MR, Israf DA, Tham CL
    Molecules, 2012 Dec 07;17(12):14555-64.
    PMID: 23222902 DOI: 10.3390/molecules171214555
    A sensitive and accurate high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet/visible light detection (HPLC-UV/VIS) method for the quantification of 2,6-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-cyclohexanone (BHMC) in rat plasma was developed and validated. BHMC and the internal standard, harmaline, were extracted from plasma samples by a simple liquid-liquid extraction using 95% ethyl acetate and 5% methanol. Plasma concentration of BHMC and internal standard were analyzed by reversed phase chromatography using a C₁₈ column (150 × 4.6 mm I.D., particle size 5 µm) and elution with a gradient mobile phase of water and methanol at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Detection of BHMC and internal standard was done at a wavelength of 380 nm. The limit of quantification was 0.02 µg/mL. The calibration curves was linear (R² > 0.999) over the concentration range of 0.02-2.5 µg/mL. Intra- and inter-day precision were less than 2% coefficient of variation. The validated method was then applied to a pharmacokinetic study in rats by intravenous administration of BHMC at a single dose of 10 mg/kg. Pharmacokinetic parameters such as half-life, maximum plasma concentration, volume of distribution, clearance and elimination rate constant for BHMC were calculated.
    Matched MeSH terms: Reference Standards*
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