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  1. Formate assay in body fluids: application in methanol poisoning
    Makar AB, McMartin KE, Palese M, Tephly TR
    Biochem Med, 1975 Jun;13(2):117-26.
    PMID: 1
    Matched MeSH terms: Methanol/blood; Carbon Dioxide/blood; Formates/blood
  2. Pengambilan logam berat oleh Nepenthes sp. dalam tanih bekas lombong besi dan timah, Pelepah Kanan, Kota Tinggi, Johor
    Sahibin Abd. Rahim, Tukimat Lihan, Baba Musta, Adong Laming, Zulfahmi Ali Rahman, Wan Mohd. Razi Idris, et al.
    Sains Malaysiana, 2008;37.
    Kandungan logam-logam berat Pb, Zn, Ni, Co dan Cd pada empat bahagian tumbuhan Nepenthes sp. (akar, batang, daun dan periuk) serta substrat tanih yang menyokong pertumbuhannya dari kawasan bekas lombong bijih timah dan besi di Lombong Pelepah Kanan, Kota Tinggi, Johor telah ditentukan. Komposisi logam-logam berat dalam sampel tanih diekstrak menggunakan campuran asid nitrik pekat dan asid perklorik. Pengekstrakan logam berat dalam tumbuhan pula dilakukan menggunakan kaedah penghadaman basah. Kandungan logam berat di dalam ekstrak larutan tanih dan tumbuhan ditentukan menggunakan Spektrofotometer Penyerapan Atom kaedah nyalaan (FAAS-model Perkin Elmer 3300). Nilai koefisien Penyerapan Biologi (BAC) yang merupakan nisbah kandungan logam berat dalam tumbuhan kepada kandungan logam berat dalam tanih ditentukan secara kiraan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa tanih di kawasan kajian adalah berasid dan didominasi oleh pasir. Kandungan bahan organik dan kepekatan garam dalam tanih pula adalah rendah, manakala nilai pH adalah berasid. Logam Zn (698.5 mg/kg) menunjukkan kepekatan yang tinggi di dalam substrat tanih diikuti oleh logam Co (182.9 mg/kg), Pb (58.2 mg/kg), Ni (12.2 mg/kg) dan Cd (2.09 mg/kg). Kepekatan logam berat di dalam tumbuhan mengikut kepekatan menurun adalah Ni>Co>Cd>Pb>Zn. Kepekatan logam di dalam bahagian-bahagian tumbuhan tidak menunjukkan perbezaan signifikan bagi semua logam. Tumbuhan Nepenthes sp. didapati menumpukkan logam Ni dalam kepekatan yang tinggi sebagaimana yang ditunjukkan nilai BACnya yang tinggi. Tumbuhan ini mungkin boleh digunakan sebagai bio-penunjuk bagi kehadiran Ni dalam kepekatan yang tinggi di dalam tanih.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Proteins
  3. Analisis kinetik pengeringan rumpai laut gracilaria changii menggunakan sistem pengering suria
    Mohd Yusof Othman, Ahmad Fudholi, Kamaruzzaman Sopian, Mohd Hafiz Ruslan, Muhammad Yahya
    Sains Malaysiana, 2012;41:245-252.
    Sistem pengering suria untuk pengeringan hasil pertanian dan laut telah direka bentuk, dibina dan diuji dalam suasana cuaca di Malaysia. Sistem pengeringan suria yang dibina, diuji untuk mengeringkan rumpai laut Gracilaria changii. Rumpai laut yang dikeringkan mempunyai kandungan air sekitar 95% asas berat basah untuk menghasilkan produk kering yang mempunyai kandungan air 10%. Proses pengeringannya mengambil masa selama kira-kira 7 jam, pada purata keamatan sinaran suria 593 W/m2 dan kadar aliran udara pengering 0.0613 kg/s. Pemadanan tiga model pengeringan telah dilakukan dengan data uji kaji pengeringan rumpai laut menggunakan sistem pengering suria pada suhu udara purata dalam kebuk 50oC dan purata kelembapan relatif udara 20%. Kejituan padanan model ditentukan berdasarkan nilai R2 yang paling tinggi, juga nilai MBE dan RMSE yang paling rendah. Kajian ini mendapati model pengeringan rumpai laut yang sesuai adalah model pengeringan Page dibandingkan dengan model pengeringan yang lain (model pengeringan Newton dan model Henderson dan Pabis).
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Proteins
  4. Pengambilan logam berat oleh pokok daun kari (Murraya koenigi) dalam tanih ultrabes dari Felda Rokan Barat, Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
    Sahibin A, Wanmohd Razi I., Zulfahmi A, Tukimat L, Akjalaludin A, Azman H, et al.
    Sains Malaysiana, 2013;42:289-299.
    Kajian ini telah dijalankan di kawasan tanih ultrabes di Felda Rokan Barat, Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan. Sebanyak lima belas sampel tumbuhan dan substratnya telah diambil dari kawasan kajian dengan kaedah berkelompok. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk menentukan kandungan logam berat Fe, Ni, Cr, Mn, Co, Zn, Cu, Cd dan Pb di dalam tanih dan bahagian akar, batang dan daun tumbuhan. Koefisien penyerapan biologi (BAC) ditentukan secara perkiraan. Kandungan logam berat di dalam tumbuhan diekstrak secara penghadaman basah manakala kandungan di dalam tanih diekstrak dengan kaedah pengekstrakan berjujukan. Kandungan logam berat di dalam larutan ekstrak tanih dan tumbuhan ditentukan menggunakan spektrofotometer penyerapan atom kaedah nyalaan (FAAS). Hasil kajian menunjukkan kepekatan logam berat paling tinggi dalam substrat pokok daun kari Murraya koenigi adalah Fe, diikuti oleh Mn, Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, Cu, Cd dan Pb dengan purata kepekatan masing-masing sebanyak 1699.64 mg/kg, 532.59 mg/kg, 212.43 mg/kg, 195.02 mg/kg, 174.97 mg/kg, 48.11 mg/kg, 43.86 mg/kg, 3.65 mg/kg dan 0.48 mg/kg. Kepekatan logam berat tersedia bagi Mn dan Pb
    adalah lebih tinggi berbanding logam berat tersedia yang lain berdasarkan peratus. Kandungan Fe dan Mn adalah tinggi di dalam semua bahagian tumbuhan. Walau bagaimanapun, berdasarkan nilai purata kumulatif BAC, hanya logam Pb menunjukkan nilai penimbunan yang agak tinggi dalam tumbuhan. Kajian ini menunjukkan pokok daun kari (Murraya koenigi) bukan tumbuhan penumpuk logam berat berdasarkan kepada nilai BACnya yang rendah.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Proteins
  5. Kandungan logam berat dalam tumbuhan penyedap rasa terpilih dan dalam tanih ultrabes di felda Rokan barat, Negeri sembilan, Malaysia
    Sahibin Abd Rahim, Wan Mohd Razi Idris, Zulfahmi Ali Rahman, Tukimat Lihan, Ramilan Omar, Liew KY
    Sains Malaysiana, 2012;41:11-21.
    Kajian ini dijalankan di kawasan tanih ultrabes di Felda Rokan Barat (FRB), Negeri Sembilan. Sebanyak dua puluh sampel cili, kunyit, pandan dan serai serta substratnya telah diambil secara rawak untuk penentuan kandungan logam berat Fe, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Cr dan Zn. Kandungan logam berat dalam tumbuhan diekstrak secara penghadaman basah, manakala kandungan logam berat resistan dan tersedia dalam tanih diekstrak dengan kaedah pengekstrakan berjujukan. Kandungan logam berat jumlah diperoleh dengan menjumlahkan kandungan logam berat rintang dan tersedia. Kandungan logam berat di dalam larutan ekstrak tanih dan tumbuhan ditentukan dengan menggunakan Spektrofotometer Penyerapan Atom Nyalaan (FAAS). Hasil kajian menunjukkan logam Fe adalah dominan di dalam tanih di kawasan kajian manakala kepekatan logam Cd paling rendah dengan nilai < 10 mg/kg. Sela kepekatan logam-logam berat dalam tanih ialah Fe (2618.4 hingga 4248 mg/kg), Mn (240.9 hingga 741.9 mg/kg), Zn (81.9 hingga 324.8 mg/kg), Cr (46.8 hingga 438.7 mg/kg), Cu (15.7 hingga 81.7 mg/kg), Pb (14.9 hingga 116.8 mg/kg), Ni (10.1 hingga 545.6 mg/kg), Cd (5.6 hingga 10.6 mg/kg) dan Co (0.8 hingga 126.1 mg/kg). Nilai kepekatan Fe tersedia mencatatkan nilai tertinggi bagi semua substrat tumbuhan, diikuti oleh Mn, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cu, Co dan Cd. Berdasarkan peratusan tersedia Mn, Pb dan Zn merupakan logam berat yang paling banyak tersedia diambil oleh tumbuhan dengan nilai 8 hingga 10%. Kepekatan Fe, Mn, Ni dan Zn menunjukkan purata kepekatan yang tinggi pada bahagian tumbuhan yang dikaji berbanding dengan logam lain. Nilai koefisien penyerapan biologi (BAC) bagi cili, kunyit, pandan dan serai masing-masing dalam julat 0.02-0.36, 0.03-0.41, 0.03-0.63 dan 0.03-1.15. Boleh disimpulkan bahawa penyerapan logam berat oleh tumbuhan adalah normal walaupun kepekatan logam berat dalam tanih ultrabes adalah tinggi.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Proteins
  6. Anggaran dan ciri fizikokimia sisa buangan makanan di Bandar Baru Bangi
    Leow KT, Aminah Abdullah, Mushrifah Idris
    Sains Malaysiana, 2010;39.
    Anggaran kuantiti dan pencirian fizikokimia sisa buangan makanan adalah pra-keperluan untuk mengoptimumkan proses pengkomposan. Satu tinjauan untuk menganggar jumlah sisa buangan makanan yang dijana oleh sektor komersial (n=10) dan isi rumah (n=50) di Bandar Baru Bangi telah dilakukan. Kehadiran komponen sisa nasi, sisa berasaskan daging, ikan, sayur-sayuran dan buah-buahan dan sisa buangan makanan basah yang lain juga diperiksa. Ciri fizikokimia sisa buangan makanan juga dianalisis. Jumlah sisa buangan makanan yang dijana di Bandar Baru Bangi dianggarkan sebanyak 11.41 MT sehari. Sektor isi rumah menyumbang 67.3% manakala sektor komersial menyumbang 32.7% daripada jumlah sisa buangan makanan yang dihasilkan. Kekerapan sisa buangan makanan berkeadaan basah adalah lebih tinggi (p<0.05) di sektor komersial berbanding sektor isi rumah. Sisa nasi merupakan komponen sisa buangan makanan yang paling kerap dijana oleh sektor isi rumah dan sektor komersial. Penilaian ciri fizikokimia menunjukkan nilai pH, kandungan abu, bahan organik, karbon organik, nitrogen dan lemak serta nisbah C/N adalah berbeza (p<0.05) antara sisa buangan makanan yang dijana pada hari yang berlainan. Sisa buangan makanan bersifat asid (pH 4.82-5.17) mempunyai kandungan air (65.9-69.5%) dan lemak yang tinggi (13.1-20.2%) tetapi kandungan nitrogen yang rendah (0.63-0.85%). Walau bagaimanapun, nisbah C/N masih berada dalam julat (20-25) yang sesuai untuk pengkomposan yang berkesan. Oleh yang demikian, dengan memperkenalkan proses pengkomposan, sisa buangan makanan berkenaan berpotensi digunakan sebagai kompos.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Proteins
  7. Kandungan logam berat terpilih dalam tanih dan tumbuhan Arundina graminifolia dari kawasan Lombong Pelepah Kanan, Kota Tinggi, Johor, Malaysia
    Sahibin Abd. Rahim, Zulfahmi Ali Rahman, Wan Mohd Razi Idris, Azman Hashim, Tukimat Lihan, Muhd Barzani Gasim, et al.
    Sains Malaysiana, 2009;38.
    Kajian kandungan logam berat Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb, dan Zn telah dilakukan ke atas tumbuhan Arundina graminifolia daripada kawasan Lombong Pelepah Kanan, Kota Tinggi, Johor. Kandungan logam berat yang sama turut ditentukan ke atas substrata tanih di tempat di mana tumbuhan itu diambil. Kandungan logam berat dalam tiga bahagian tumbuhan iaitu akar, batang dan daun telah diekstrak secara penghadaman basah manakala kandungan logam berat tersedia dan resistan dalam tanih diekstrak dengan kaedah pengekstrakan berjujukan. Kandungan logam berat jumlah didapati dengan menjumlahkan logam berat tersedia dengan logam berat resistant. Kandungan logam berat di dalam larutan ekstrak tanih dan tumbuhan ditentukan menggunakan Spektrofotometer Serapan Atom Nyalaan. Kandungan logam berat Cd, Cr, Ni dan Pb adalah setara kandungannya dalam semua bahagian tumbuhan manakala kepekatan Co dan Zn adalah tiga hingga lima kali lebih tinggi berbanding tumbuhan kawalan. Bagi kandungan logam berat di dalam bahagian tumbuhan yang berbeza didapati kepekatan Cd adalah lebih tinggi dalam akar (2.03 mg/kg) diikuti oleh daun (1.67 mg/kg) dan batang (1.49 mg/kg). Kepekatan Co adalah lebih tinggi dalam daun (9.26 mg/kg) diikuti oleh akar (9.18 mg/kg) dan batang (6.94 mg/kg). Kepekatan Cr mengikut susunan menurun adalah akar (0.46 mg/kg) > daun (0.19 mg/kg) > batang (0.08 mg/kg). Kepekatan Ni adalah lebih tinggi dalam daun (2.78 mg/kg) diikuti oleh akar (2.71 mg/kg) dan batang (1.66 mg/kg). Kepekatan Pb mengikut susunan menurun adalah akar (10.34 mg/kg) > daun (4.18 mg/kg) > batang (3.75 mg/kg). Kepekatan Zn lebih tinggi dalam daun (44.03 mg/kg) diikuti oleh akar (32.30 mg/kg) dan batang (13.21 mg/kg). Kandungan logam berat jumlah dalam tanih adalah masing-masing 2.07-5.59 mg/kg, 8.72-39.93 mg/kg, 1.81-2.14 mg/kg, 2.66-6.87 mg/kg, 23.02-51.56 mg/kg and 0.64-2.61 mg/kg bagi Ni, Zn, Cd, Pb, Co dan Cr. Didapati bahawa kandungan fraksi tersedia dalam tanih adalah 21.9% bagi Ni, 15.3% bagi Zn, 49.9% bagi Cd, 19.3% bagi Pb, 45.7% bagi Co and 0% bagi Cr. Koefisien penyerapan biologi tumbuhan ke atas logam berat yang dikaji adalah rendah keculai bagi Zn yang nilainya lebih daripada 1. Tumbuhan ini tidak sesuai digunakan sebagai agen fitoremediasi untuk logam-logam di atas.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Proteins
  8. Alcohol in urine and blood
    Shelton J
    Journal of the Malaya Branch of the British Medical Association, 1941;4:352-55.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Alcohol Content
  9. Fulltext The effect of kelulut honey on fasting blood glucose and metabolic parameters in patients with impaired fasting glucose
    Rashid MR, Nor Aripin KN, Syed Mohideen FB, Baharom N, Omar K, Md Taujuddin NMS, et al.
    J Nutr Metab, 2019;2019:3176018.
    PMID: 30863635 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3176018
    Background: Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) poses a higher risk of diabetes. Honey has been reported to improve metabolic abnormalities including lowering hyperglycemia. This study is sought at determining the effect of Malaysian Kelulut honey (KH) on fasting glucose levels and metabolic parameters in IFG patients.
    Methods: This quasi-experimental intervention study of 30-day duration was conducted among 60 adult patients with IFG. They were allocated into taking 30 g/day KH group (experimental group, n=30) and not taking KH group (control group, n=30). Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure (BP), fasting glucose, and lipid profile levels (total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein) were measured before and after treatment.
    Results: There was no significant difference in all measured variables at day 30 compared to day 1 within both groups. Similarly, all measured variables neither at day 1 nor at day 30 had shown a statistically significant difference between the groups.
    Conclusions: Daily intake of 30 g KH for 30 days resulted in insignificant effect on fasting glucose, fasting lipid profiles, and other metabolic parameters in patients with IFG. Further studies that employ longer study duration are needed to ascertain the finding.
    Study site: Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) Specialist Centre, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia, and Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose
  10. A review of blood pressure profile and hypertension studies in Malaysia
    Liew YM, Tan H, Khoo KL
    Family Physician, 1994;6:36-45.
    This paper reviews the literature on blood pressure profile and hypertension studies carried out in Peninsular Malaysia from 1952 to 1988. From these studies, the following key information is summarised: 1. Blood pressure profiles of Malaysians, irrespective of sex and the three major ethnic groups viz., Malay, Chinese and Indian followed a similar rising trend with age. 2. The mean systolic and diastolic pressures were 134 mmHg and 84 mmHg respectively across the major ethnic groups. 3. The prevalence of hypertension for Malaysians was 16.0%, 4.2% and 3.4% when 140/90 mmHg, 150/90 mmHg or a diastolic pressure of 100 mmHg or greater were taken as cut-off values respectively. Males generally showed a higher prevalence of hypertension than females. 4. Orang Asli living in the deep jungle had relatively low blood pressures (Mean: 109/70 mmHg) and their blood pressure did not rise with increasing age. 5. There was generally no difference in the prevalence of hypertension amongst the major ethnic groups. However, there was a tendency for the Malays to have a higher prevalence of hypertension than the Chinese or the Indians. 6. There was an increased prevalence of hypertension among subjects who smoked heavily or who did very little or no physical exercise. Differences in prevalence of hypertension among subjects living in changing environment and lifestyle, such as urban versus rural, alcohol versus non-alcohol consumers and low income versus moderate income groups were not evident in the studies reviewed. 7. Percent unawareness of hypertension in hypertension subjects was generally high i.e. 57 % - 69% except in one sample which recorded a moderately value (33%).
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure
  11. AIDS in Malaysia
    Doraisamy G
    Family Practitioner, 1988;11(1):77-78.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Transfusion
  12. Fulltext Risk Factors and Prediction of Leptospiral Seropositivity Among Dogs and Dog Handlers in Malaysia
    Goh SH, Ismail R, Lau SF, Megat Abdul Rani PA, Mohd Mohidin TB, Daud F, et al.
    Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2019 04 28;16(9).
    PMID: 31035316 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16091499
    This study determined the potential risk factors that may contribute to seropositivity among dogs and dog handlers from working dog and dog shelter institutions. Data was collected from dogs (n = 266) and dog handlers (n = 161) using a standardised guided questionnaire. Serum obtained from the dogs and dog handlers was tested using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT). A logistic regression analysis was used to predict leptospiral seropositivity of dogs and dog handlers based on potential risk factors. A total of 22.2% of dogs and 21.7% of dog handlers were seropositive. The significant predictors for the dogs' seropositivity were presence of rats (OR = 4.61 (95% CI: 1.05, 20.33), p = 0.043) and shared common area (OR = 5.12 (95% CI: 1.94, 13.46), p = 0.001) within the organisation. Significant predictor for dog handler seropositivity was contact time with the dogs of more than six hours/day (OR = 3.28 (95% CI: 1.28, 8.40), p = 0.013) after controlling for the effect of other risk factors such as small mammal contact, rat infestation at home, flooding at housing area (within three months) and urban locality. The exposure to various disease sources identified poses risk to dogs and dog handlers. Risk could be reduced with adequate application of protection at work while handling dogs and thus limiting contact with these sources and reducing exposure to infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dog Diseases/blood; Leptospirosis/blood; Zoonoses/blood
  13. Fulltext The role of plasma microseminoprotein-beta in prostate cancer: an observational nested case-control and Mendelian randomization study in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition
    Smith Byrne K, Appleby PN, Key TJ, Holmes MV, Fensom GK, Agudo A, et al.
    Ann Oncol, 2019 Jun 01;30(6):983-989.
    PMID: 31089709 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz121
    BACKGROUND: Microseminoprotein-beta (MSP), a protein secreted by the prostate epithelium, may have a protective role in the development of prostate cancer. The only previous prospective study found a 2% reduced prostate cancer risk per unit increase in MSP. This work investigates the association of MSP with prostate cancer risk using observational and Mendelian randomization (MR) methods.

    PATIENTS AND METHODS: A nested case-control study was conducted with the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) with 1871 cases and 1871 matched controls. Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association of pre-diagnostic circulating MSP with risk of incident prostate cancer overall and by tumour subtype. EPIC-derived estimates were combined with published data to calculate an MR estimate using two-sample inverse-variance method.

    RESULTS: Plasma MSP concentrations were inversely associated with prostate cancer risk after adjusting for total prostate-specific antigen concentration [odds ratio (OR) highest versus lowest fourth of MSP = 0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.51-0.84, Ptrend = 0.001]. No heterogeneity in this association was observed by tumour stage or histological grade. Plasma MSP concentrations were 66% lower in rs10993994 TT compared with CC homozygotes (per allele difference in MSP: 6.09 ng/ml, 95% CI 5.56-6.61, r2=0.42). MR analyses supported a potentially causal protective association of MSP with prostate cancer risk (OR per 1 ng/ml increase in MSP for MR: 0.96, 95% CI 0.95-0.97 versus EPIC observational: 0.98, 95% CI 0.97-0.99). Limitations include lack of complete tumour subtype information and more complete information on the biological function of MSP.

    CONCLUSIONS: In this large prospective European study and using MR analyses, men with high circulating MSP concentration have a lower risk of prostate cancer. MSP may play a causally protective role in prostate cancer.

    Matched MeSH terms: Prostatic Neoplasms/blood*; Biomarkers, Tumor/blood; Prostatic Secretory Proteins/blood*
  14. Kesan penggunaan rumpai laut sebagai agen penapis semula jadi dalam pengkulturan intensif rotifer brachionus plicatilis
    Razak A, Zaidi C, Zainoddin J, Majid A, Toda T, Othman B
    Sains Malaysiana, 2015;44:891-898.
    Penyelidikan ini dijalankan untuk menilai kesan penggunaan tiga spesies rumpai laut iaitu Ulva sp., Gracilaria sp. dan
    Kappaphycus sp. sebagai agen penapis semula jadi untuk menstabilkan pengkulturan rotifer dengan menggunakan
    petunjuk kaedah kuantitatif iaitu membandingkan nilai pertumbuhan seketika per hari rotifer Brachionus plicatilis. Kadar
    pertumbuhan seketika per hari rotifer dengan penggunaan Ulva sp. (p<0.01), Gracilaria sp. (p<0.05) dan Kappaphycus
    sp. (p<0.05) pada berat basah 7 g dalam 10 L air laut menunjukkan kesan yang ketara berbanding kawalan. Bagi
    kesemua rumpai laut yang diuji, keputusan menunjukkan setelah tercapainya nilai min kadar pertumbuhan seketika per
    hari rotifer yang tertinggi, penambahan jumlah berat penggunaan rumpai laut memberikan kesan penurunan kepada
    kadar pertumbuhan seketika rotifer. Keputusan menunjukkan Ulva sp. sesuai digunakan sebagai penapis biologi.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Proteins
  15. Perbandingan filogenetik protein antigen-I yang berpotensi sebagai calon diagnostik dan vaksin terhadap Parasit Cryptocaryon Irritans)
    Lokanathan Y, Adura Mohd-Adnan, Sheila Nathan
    Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:1969-1979.
    Protein antigen-i parasit ikan C. irritans berpotensi tinggi digunakan sebagai calon dalam pembangunan vaksin komersial terhadap C. irritans. Walau bagaimanapun, kewujudan variasi pada antigen-i serotip C. irritans yang berbeza mempengaruhi tahap perlindungan yang bakal diberikan terhadap varians C. irritans yang berbeza apabila antigen-i digunakan sebagai vaksin. Kajian ini dijalankan untuk membandingkan jujukan pelbagai antigen-i pencilan C. irritans di Malaysia berbanding antigen-i pencilan C. irritans yang pernah dilaporkan. Perbandingan filogenetik dijalankan untuk meramalkan potensi protein tersebut dalam usaha membangunkan calon serodiagnostik dan pemvaksinan terhadap pencilan C. irritans yang berlainan. Penjajaran jujukan berbilang bagi jujukan asid amino antigen-i dilakukan dengan perisian CLUSTALX dan analisis filogenetik antigen-i dilakukan menggunakan kaedah parsimoni maksimum (MP) dan kaedah Bayes. Sembilan transkrip unik (TU) C. irritans yang mempunyai padanan signifikan dengan antigen-i di pangkalan data protein NCBI didapati mempunyai peratus kesamaan antara 41% hingga 71%. Kedua-dua pohon MP dan Bayesian yang dijana menunjukkan varians antigen-i cn56 and cn57 terkelompok bersama dalam satu kumpulan manakala varians antigen-i yang lain terbahagi kepada dua kumpulan berasingan dan pengkelompokan ini disokong oleh kehadiran asid amino yang terpulihara dalam kumpulan masing-masing. Kajian lanjutan boleh dilakukan untuk mengenal pasti varians antigen-i yang sesuai sebagai calon serodiagnosis dan juga dapat memberi perlindungan silang terhadap pelbagai pencilan C. irritans di serata dunia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Group Antigens
  16. Fulltext Effectiveness of whey protein supplements on the serum levels of amino acid, creatinine kinase and myoglobin of athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Lam FC, Khan TM, Faidah H, Haseeb A, Khan AH
    Syst Rev, 2019 05 31;8(1):130.
    PMID: 31151484 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-019-1039-z
    BACKGROUND: Consuming whey protein supplements, along with physiotherapy and psychotherapy, have been recognised in sports performance. Whey protein supplements (WPS) is one of the commonly used supplements as ergogenic aids for athletes to enhance their muscle performance and recovery during sport-related injuries. The purpose of this systematic review is to investigate the effectiveness of WPS over the blood biochemistry mainly amino acids, creatinine kinase and myoglobin which influence performance and recovery among athletes.

    METHOD: A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify randomised control trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs that investigated the effectiveness of WPS on amino acids, creatinine kinase and myoglobin among athletes. Risk of Bias in Non-Randomised Studies of Interventions tool (ROBINS-I) and Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment tool were used to rule out the quality of studies. Meta-analysis was performed using a random effect model with STATA version 14.2. The weighted mean difference was used to estimate the effectiveness of WPS against other supplements.

    RESULTS: A total of 333,257 research articles were identified; of these, 15 records were included to proceed with the analysis. Meta-analysis has shown that WPS has significantly overall increased the level of essential amino acids level by 624.03 nmol/L (CI = 169.27, 1078.8; I2 = 100%; p = 0.00) and branched-chain amino acids level by 458.57 nmol/L (CI = 179.96, 737.18; I2 = 100%; p = 0.00) compared to the control group (without WPS). Moreover, was observed to decrease myoglobin level by 11.74 ng/ml (CI = - 30.24, 6.76; I2 = 79.6%; p = 0.007) and creatine kinase level by 47.05 U/L (CI = - 129.47, 35.37; I2 = 98.4%; p = 0.000) compared to the control group.

    CONCLUSION: The findings revealed that the clinical evidence supports the effectiveness of WPS as a positive ergogenic aid on athletes' amino acids, creatinine kinase and myoglobin.

    Matched MeSH terms: Amino Acids/blood; Creatine Kinase/blood; Myoglobin/blood
  17. Heavy/light chain assay in the monitoring of multiple myeloma
    Ting HY, Sthaneshwar P, Bee PC, Shanmugam H, Lim M
    Pathology, 2019 Aug;51(5):507-511.
    PMID: 31253381 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2019.04.002
    Serum protein (SPE) and immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) have been extensively validated for the routine use of identifying, characterising and quantifying monoclonal proteins. However, accurate quantitation of IgA monoclonal proteins can be difficult when they migrate in to the β fraction, due to co-migration with transferrin and complement components. The heavy/light chain (HLC) immunoassay is an additional tool for measuring intact immunoglobulin monoclonal proteins. Therefore, we aimed to examine the clinical utility of the HLC assay for the disease monitoring of IgG and IgA multiple myeloma (MM) patients. A total of 177 samples from 30 MM patients (21 IgG and 9 IgA) were analysed retrospectively with median number of six follow up samples per patient (range 3-13). Serum free light chains (sFLC) and HLC were quantified using Freelite and Hevylite immunoassays. Details of M-protein concentration, β-globulin levels, total immunoglobulin levels and disease treatment response were obtained from the laboratory and patient information system. Passing-Bablok regression analysis was performed to compare (i) M-protein quantification with involved HLC (iHLC) and (ii) total immunoglobulin with summated HLC pairs for each immunoglobulin type (e.g., IgGκ+IgGλ). For 127 IgG MM samples, IgG iHLC levels showed a good correlation with SPE quantification (iHLC y=0.96x+4.9; r=0.917) and summated HLC showed a good correlation with total IgG concentration (summated HLC y=0.94x+5.74; r=0.91). In total, 95/127 (75%) IgG MM follow-up samples had an abnormal HLC ratio and 122/127 (96%) had a positive SPE, probably due to the lower sensitivity of HLC assay in detecting clonality in patients with IgG MM. Consistent with this, one patient assigned a very good partial response by International Myeloma Working Group criteria would be assigned a complete response based on HLC measurements. For 50 IgA MM samples, 42/50 (84%) had an abnormal HLC ratio. Conversely, 50/50 (100%) of M-proteins showed β fraction migration and were difficult to accurately quantify by SPE. Therefore, M-protein concentration and iHLC did not correlate as well in IgA MM (y=1.9x-8.4; r=0.8) compared to IgG MM. However, there was good correlation between total IgA and summated IgA HLC (IgAκ+IgAλ y=1.35x-0.33; r=0.95). Of the 8/50 (16%) IgA samples with a normal HLC ratio, 6/8 (75%) were consistent with the disease status being in complete remission. Interestingly, in one IgA MM patient, SPE and IFE were negative, but the serum FLC ratio and involved FLC were highly abnormal, consistent with the presence of light chain escape. Our data suggest HLC measurements could add value to the current disease monitoring of MM patients. In IgG MM patients, the M-protein level correlated well with HLC values. The HLC assay complements the serum FLC assay and is especially useful for monitoring of IgA MM patients who display M-proteins migrating in the β region on SPE.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/blood*; Immunoglobulin Light Chains/blood*; Multiple Myeloma/blood*
  18. Fulltext Antiphosphatidylserine Immunoglobulin M and Immunoglobulin G Antibodies Are Higher in Vivax Than Falciparum Malaria, and Associated With Early Anemia in Both Species
    Barber BE, Grigg MJ, Piera K, Amante FH, William T, Boyle MJ, et al.
    J Infect Dis, 2019 09 26;220(9):1435-1443.
    PMID: 31250022 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz334
    BACKGROUND: Anemia is a major complication of vivax malaria. Antiphosphatidylserine (PS) antibodies generated during falciparum malaria mediate phagocytosis of uninfected red blood cells that expose PS and have been linked to late malarial anemia. However, their role in anemia from non-falciparum Plasmodium species is not known, nor their role in early anemia from falciparum malaria.

    METHODS: We measured PS immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies in Malaysian patients with vivax, falciparum, knowlesi, and malariae malaria, and in healthy controls, and correlated antibody titres with hemoglobin. PS antibodies were also measured in volunteers experimentally infected with Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum.

    RESULTS: PS IgM and IgG antibodies were elevated in patients with vivax, falciparum, knowlesi, and malariae malaria (P < .0001 for all comparisons with controls) and were highest in vivax malaria. In vivax and falciparum malaria, PS IgM and IgG on admission correlated inversely with admission and nadir hemoglobin, controlling for parasitemia and fever duration. PS IgM and IgG were also increased in volunteers infected with blood-stage P. vivax and P. falciparum, and were higher in P. vivax infection.

    CONCLUSIONS: PS antibodies are higher in vivax than falciparum malaria, correlate inversely with hemoglobin, and may contribute to the early loss of uninfected red blood cells found in malarial anemia from both species.

    Matched MeSH terms: Immunoglobulin G/blood*; Immunoglobulin M/blood*; Antibodies, Antiphospholipid/blood*
  19. Effect of age, weight, race and sex on blood pressure and erythrocyte sodium pump characteristics
    Adeeb N, Ton SH, Muslim N
    Clin Exp Hypertens A, 1990;12(6):1115-34.
    PMID: 2173984
    In order to examine whether erythrocyte membrane handling of sodium is influenced by factors other than hypertension, measurements of red cell sodium transport were studied in one hundred normotensive volunteers. Erythrocyte sodium content was found to increase with increasing age, body weight and mean arterial pressure (MAP). It is also significantly correlated with age, body weight and MAP. Total sodium efflux was found to be reduced and negatively correlated with age and body weight. A reduction in ouabain-sensitive sodium efflux was also observed with increasing age and body weight. In males, the rate of ouabain-sensitive sodium efflux is higher than in females. Race was found to have no effect on erythrocyte electrolyte content and cationic flux rates of subjects. These data suggest that when studies in hypertension are going to be carried out, control subjects carefully matched for age, body weight and sex should be used if confounding results are not to be obtained.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aging/blood; Blood Pressure*
  20. Fulltext Numerical Solution of Blood Flow and Mass Transport in an Elastic Tube with Multiple Stenoses
    Alsemiry RD, Sarifuddin, Mandal PK, Sayed HM, Amin N
    Biomed Res Int, 2020;2020:7609562.
    PMID: 32090110 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7609562
    The simultaneous effect of flexible wall and multiple stenoses on the flow and mass transfer of blood is investigated through numerical computation and simulations. The solution is obtained using the Marker and Cell technique on an axisymmetric model of Newtonian blood flow. The results compare favorably with physical observations where the pulsatile boundary condition and double stenoses result in a higher pressure drop across the stenoses. The streamlines, the iso-concentration lines, the Sherwood number, and the mass concentration variations along the entire wall segment provide a comprehensive analysis of the mass transport characteristics. The double stenoses and pulsatile inlet conditions increase the number of recirculation regions and effect a higher mass transfer rate at the throat, whereby more mass is expected to accumulate and cause further stenosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Flow Velocity/physiology; Regional Blood Flow/physiology*
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