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  1. Fulltext Biocompatible Aloe vera and Tetracycline Hydrochloride Loaded Hybrid Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Skin Tissue Engineering
    Ezhilarasu H, Ramalingam R, Dhand C, Lakshminarayanan R, Sadiq A, Gandhimathi C, et al.
    Int J Mol Sci, 2019 Oct 18;20(20).
    PMID: 31635374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205174
    Aloe vera (AV) and tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) exhibit significant properties such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-bacterial activities to facilitate skin tissue engineering. The present study aims to develop poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL)/ AV containing curcumin (CUR), and TCH loaded hybrid nanofibrous scaffolds to validate the synergistic effect on the fibroblast proliferation and antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria for wound healing. PCL/AV, PCL/CUR, PCL/AV/CUR and PCL/AV/TCH hybrid nanofibrous mats were fabricated using an electrospinning technique and were characterized for surface morphology, the successful incorporation of active compounds, hydrophilicity and the mechanical property of nanofibers. SEM revealed that there was a decrease in the fiber diameter (ranging from 360 to 770 nm) upon the addition of AV, CUR and TCH in PCL nanofibers, which were randomly oriented with bead free morphology. FTIR spectra of various electrospun samples confirmed the successful incorporation of AV, CUR and TCH into the PCL nanofibers. The fabricated nanofibrous scaffolds possessed mechanical properties within the range of human skin. The biocompatibility of electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds were evaluated on primary human dermal fibroblasts (hDF) by MTS assay, CMFDA, Sirius red and F-actin stainings. The results showed that the fabricated PCL/AV/CUR and PCL/AV/TCH nanofibrous scaffolds were non-toxic and had the potential for wound healing applications. The disc diffusion assay confirmed that the electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds possessed antibacterial activity and provided an effective wound dressing for skin tissue engineering.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Survival
  2. Fulltext Targeting Cell Adhesion Molecules via Carbonate Apatite-Mediated Delivery of Specific siRNAs to Breast Cancer Cells In Vitro and In Vivo
    Ashaie MA, Islam RA, Kamaruzman NI, Ibnat N, Tha KK, Chowdhury EH
    Pharmaceutics, 2019 Jul 02;11(7).
    PMID: 31269666 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11070309
    While several treatment strategies are applied to cure breast cancer, it still remains one of the leading causes of female deaths worldwide. Since chemotherapeutic drugs have severe side effects and are responsible for development of drug resistance in cancer cells, gene therapy is now considered as one of the promising options to address the current treatment limitations. Identification of the over-expressed genes accounting for constitutive activation of certain pathways, and their subsequent knockdown with specific small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), could be a powerful tool in inhibiting proliferation and survival of cancer cells. In this study, we delivered siRNAs against mRNA transcripts of over-regulated cell adhesion molecules such as catenin alpha 1 (CTNNA1), catenin beta 1 (CTNNB1), talin-1 (TLN1), vinculin (VCL), paxillin (PXN), and actinin-1 (ACTN1) in human (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and murine (4T1) cell lines as well as in the murine female Balb/c mice model. In order to overcome the barriers of cell permeability and nuclease-mediated degradation, the pH-sensitive carbonate apatite (CA) nanocarrier was used as a delivery vehicle. While targeting CTNNA1, CTNNB1, TLN1, VCL, PXN, and ACTN1 resulted in a reduction of cell viability in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, delivery of all these siRNAs via carbonate apatite (CA) nanoparticles successfully reduced the cell viability in 4T1 cells. In 4T1 cells, delivery of CTNNA1, CTNNB1, TLN1, VCL, PXN, and ACTN1 siRNAs with CA caused significant reduction in phosphorylated and total AKT levels. Furthermore, reduced band intensity was observed for phosphorylated and total MAPK upon transfection of 4T1 cells with CTNNA1, CTNNB1, and VCL siRNAs. Intravenous delivery of CTNNA1 siRNA with CA nanoparticles significantly reduced tumor volume in the initial phase of the study, while siRNAs targeting CTNNB1, TLN1, VCL, PXN, and ACTN1 genes significantly decreased the tumor burden at all time points. The tumor weights at the end of the treatments were also notably smaller compared to CA. This successfully demonstrates that targeting these dysregulated genes via RNAi and by using a suitable delivery vehicle such as CA could serve as a promising therapeutic treatment modality for breast cancers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Survival
  3. Fulltext TRPC3-Nox2 axis mediates nutritional deficiency-induced cardiomyocyte atrophy
    Sudi SB, Tanaka T, Oda S, Nishiyama K, Nishimura A, Sunggip C, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2019 07 05;9(1):9785.
    PMID: 31278358 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46252-2
    Myocardial atrophy, characterized by the decreases in size and contractility of cardiomyocytes, is caused by severe malnutrition and/or mechanical unloading. Extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), known as a danger signal, is recognized to negatively regulate cell volume. However, it is obscure whether extracellular ATP contributes to cardiomyocyte atrophy. Here, we report that ATP induces atrophy of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) without cell death through P2Y2 receptors. ATP led to overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through increased amount of NADPH oxidase (Nox) 2 proteins, due to increased physical interaction between Nox2 and canonical transient receptor potential 3 (TRPC3). This ATP-mediated formation of TRPC3-Nox2 complex was also pathophysiologically involved in nutritional deficiency-induced NRCM atrophy. Strikingly, knockdown of either TRPC3 or Nox2 suppressed nutritional deficiency-induced ATP release, as well as ROS production and NRCM atrophy. Taken together, we propose that TRPC3-Nox2 axis, activated by extracellular ATP, is the key component that mediates nutritional deficiency-induced cardiomyocyte atrophy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Survival
  4. Fulltext Effect of the miR-96-5p inhibitor and mimic on the migration and invasion of the SW480-7 colorectal cancer cell line
    He PY, Yip WK, Jabar MF, Mohtarrudin N, Dusa NM, Seow HF
    Oncol Lett, 2019 Aug;18(2):1949-1960.
    PMID: 31423265 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10492
    The objectives of the present study were to identify the aberrant expression of microRNA (miRNA) in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) tissues from published miRNA profiling studies and to investigate the effects of the identified miRNA inhibitor and mimic miR-96-5p on CRC cell migration and invasion. The altered expression of the regulators of cytoskeleton mRNA in miR-96-5p inhibitor-transfected cells was determined. The miR-96-5p expression level in five CRC cell lines, HCT11, CaCo2, HT29, SW480 and SW620, and 26 archived paraffin-embedded CRC tissues were also investigated by reverse-transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Cell viability in response to the miR-96-5p inhibitor and mimic transfections was determined by an MTT assay. A Matrigel invasion assay was conducted to select the invasive subpopulation designated SW480-7, by using the parental cell line SW480. The effects of miR-96-5p mimic- or inhibitor-transfected SW480-7 cells on cell migration and invasion were evaluated using the Transwell and Matrigel assays, and the change in expression of the regulators of cytoskeleton mRNAs was identified by Cytoskeleton Regulators RT2-Profiler PCR array followed by validation with RT-qPCR. CRC tissues exhibited a significant increase in miR-96-5p expression, compared with their matched normal adjacent tissues, indicating an oncogenic role for miR-96-5p. The results demonstrated that the miR-96-5p inhibitor decreased the migration of SW480-7 cells, but had no effect on invasion. This may be due to the promotion of cell invasion by Matrigel, which counteracts the blockade of cell invasion by the miR-96-5p inhibitor. The miR-96-5p mimic enhanced SW480-7 cell migration and invasion, as expected. It was determined that there was a >2.5 fold increase in the expression of genes involved in cytoskeleton regulation, myosin light chain kinase 2, pleckstrin homology like domain family B member 2, cyclin A1, IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 2, Brain-specific angiogenesisinhibitor 1-associated protein 2 and microtubule-actin crosslinking factor 1, in miR-96-5p inhibitor-transfected cells, indicating that they are negative regulators of cell migration. In conclusion, the miR-96-5p inhibitor blocked cell migration but not invasion, and the latter may be due to the counteraction of Matrigel, which has been demonstrated to stimulate cell invasion.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Survival
  5. Arabinoxylan-co-AA/HAp/TiO2 nanocomposite scaffold a potential material for bone tissue engineering: An in vitro study
    Khan MUA, Haider S, Shah SA, Razak SIA, Hassan SA, Kadir MRA, et al.
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2020 May 15;151:584-594.
    PMID: 32081758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.142
    Arabinoxylan (AX) is a natural biological macromolecule with several potential biomedical applications. In this research, AX, nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HAp) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) based polymeric nanocomposite scaffolds were fabricated by the freeze-drying method. The physicochemical characterizations of these polymeric nanocomposite scaffolds were performed for surface morphology, porosity, swelling, biodegradability, mechanical, and biological properties. The scaffolds exhibited good porosity and rough surface morphology, which were efficiently controlled by TiO2 concentrations. MC3T3-E1 cells were employed to conduct the biocompatibility of these scaffolds. Scaffolds showed unique biocompatibility in vitro and was favorable for cell attachment and growth. PNS3 proved more biocompatible, showed interconnected porosity and substantial mechanical strength compared to PNS1, PNS2 and PNS4. Furthermore, it has also showed more affinity to cells and cell growth. The results illustrated that the bioactive nanocomposite scaffold has the potential to find applications in the tissue engineering field.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Survival
  6. Fulltext Cyst viability and stress tolerance upon heat shock protein 70 knockdown in the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana
    Iryani MTM, Sorgeloos P, Danish-Daniel M, Tan MP, Wong LL, Mok WJ, et al.
    Cell Stress Chaperones, 2020 Nov;25(6):1099-1103.
    PMID: 32383141 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01113-0
    Females of the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana produce either free-swimming nauplii via ovoviviparous pathway of reproduction or encysted embryos, known as cysts, via oviparous pathway, in which biological processes are arrested. While previous study has shown a crucial role of ATP-dependent molecular chaperone, heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) in protecting A. franciscana nauplii against various abiotic and abiotic stressors, the function of this protein in diapausing embryos and cyst development, however, remains unknown. RNA interference (RNAi) was applied in this study to examine the role of Hsp70 in cyst development and stress tolerance, with the latter performed by desiccation and freezing, a common method used for diapause termination in Artemia cysts. Hsp70 knockdown was apparent in cysts released from females that were injected with Hsp70 dsRNA. The loss of Hsp70 affected neither the development nor morphology of the cysts. The time between fertilization and cyst release from Artemia females injected with Hsp70 dsRNA was delayed slightly, but the differences were not significant when compared to the controls. However, the hatching percentage of cysts which lacks Hsp70 were reduced following desiccation and freezing. Taken together, these results indicated that Hsp70 possibly plays a role in the stress tolerance but not in the development of diapause-destined embryos of Artemia. This research makes fundamental contributions to our understanding of the role molecular chaperone Hsp70 plays in Artemia, an excellent model organism for diapause studies of the crustaceans.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Survival
  7. Fulltext Cytoprotective Role of Omentin Against Oxidative Stress-Induced Vascular Endothelial Cells Injury
    Binti Kamaruddin NA, Fong LY, Tan JJ, Abdullah MNH, Singh Cheema M, Bin Yakop F, et al.
    Molecules, 2020 May 29;25(11).
    PMID: 32485974 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112534
    Endothelial cell injury caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Omentin, an adipocytokine that is abundantly expressed in visceral fat tissue, has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic properties. However, endothelial protective effects of omentin against oxidative stress remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of omentin against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cell injury in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Cytotoxicity and cytoprotective effects of omentin were evaluated using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The apoptotic activity of HUVECs was detected using Annexin-V/PI and Hoechst 33258 staining methods. Antioxidant activity of omentin was evaluated by measuring both reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. No cytotoxicity effect was observed in HUVECs treated with omentin alone at concentrations of 150 to 450 ng/ml. MTT assay showed that omentin significantly prevented the cell death induced by H2O2 (p < 0.001). Hoechst staining and flow cytometry also revealed that omentin markedly prevented H2O2-induced apoptosis. Moreover, omentin not only significantly inhibited ROS production (p < 0.01) but also significantly (p < 0.01) increased GPx activity in HUVECs. In conclusion, our data suggest that omentin may protect HUVECs from injury induced by H2O2.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Survival
  8. Formulation of a Sustained Release Docetaxel Loaded Cockle Shell-Derived Calcium Carbonate Nanoparticles against Breast Cancer
    Hammadi NI, Abba Y, Hezmee MNM, Razak ISA, Jaji AZ, Isa T, et al.
    Pharm Res, 2017 06;34(6):1193-1203.
    PMID: 28382563 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2135-1
    PURPOSE: Here, we explored the formulation of a calcium carbonate nanoparticle delivery system aimed at enhancing docetaxel (DTX) release in breast cancer.

    METHODS: The designed nano- anticancer formulation was characterized thorough X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) methods. The nano- anticancer formulation (DTX- CaCO3NP) was evaluated for drug delivery properties thorough in vitro release study in human body simulated solution at pH 7.4 and intracellular lysosomal pH 4.8.

    RESULTS: Characterization revealed the successful synthesis of DTX- CaCO3NP, which had a sustained release at pH 7.4. TEM showed uniformly distributed pleomorphic shaped pure aragonite particles. The highest entrapment efficiency (96%) and loading content (11.5%) were obtained at docetaxel to nanoparticles ratio of 1:4. The XRD patterns revealed strong crystallizations in all the nanoparticles formulation, while FTIR showed chemical interactions between the drug and nanoparticles with negligible positional shift in the peaks before and after DTX loading. BET analysis showed similar isotherms before and after DTX loading. The designed DTX- CaCO3NP had lower (p cells than DTX at 24 h but comparable (p > 0.05) effects at 48 h and 72 h. However, the DTX- CaCO3NP released less than 80% of bond DTX at 48 and 72 h but showed comparable effects with free DTX.

    CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that the developed DTX- CaCO3NP released DTX slower at pH 7.4 and had comparable cytotoxicity with free DTX at 48 and 72 h in MCF-7 cells.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Survival
  9. Development of highly porous biodegradable γ-Fe2O3/polyvinyl alcohol nanofiber mats using electrospinning process for biomedical application
    Ngadiman NH, Yusof NM, Idris A, Misran E, Kurniawan D
    Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl, 2017 Jan 01;70(Pt 1):520-534.
    PMID: 27770924 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.09.002
    The use of electrospinning process in fabricating tissue engineering scaffolds has received great attention in recent years due to its simplicity. The nanofibers produced via electrospinning possessed morphological characteristics similar to extracellular matrix of most tissue components. Porosity plays a vital role in developing tissue engineering scaffolds because it influences the biocompatibility performance of the scaffolds. In this study, maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) was mixed with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and subsequently electrospun to produce nanofibers. Five factors; nanoparticles content, voltage, flow rate, spinning distance, and rotating speed were varied to produce the electrospun nanofibrous mats with high porosity value. Empirical model was developed using response surface methodology to analyze the effect of these factors to the porosity. The results revealed that the optimum porosity (90.85%) was obtained using 5% w/v nanoparticle content, 35kV of voltage, 1.1ml/h volume flow rate of solution, 8cm spinning distance and 2455rpm of rotating speed. The empirical model was verified successfully by performing confirmation experiments. The properties of optimum PVA/γ-Fe2O3 nanofiber mats such as fiber diameter, mechanical properties, and contact angle were investigated. In addition, cytocompatibility test, in vitro degradation rate, and MTT assay were also performed. Results revealed that high porosity biodegradable γ-Fe2O3/polyvinyl alcohol nanofiber mats have low mechanical properties but good degradation rates and cytocompatibility properties. Thus, they are suitable for low load bearing biomedical application or soft tissue engineering scaffold.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Survival
  10. Development of multisubstituted hydroxyapatite nanopowders as biomedical materials for bone tissue engineering applications
    Baba Ismail YM, Wimpenny I, Bretcanu O, Dalgarno K, El Haj AJ
    J Biomed Mater Res A, 2017 Jun;105(6):1775-1785.
    PMID: 28198131 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36038
    Ionic substitutions have been proposed as a tool to control the functional behavior of synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA), particularly for Bone Tissue Engineering applications. The effect of simultaneous substitution of different levels of carbonate (CO3) and silicon (Si) ions in the HA lattice was investigated. Furthermore, human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultured on multi-substituted HA (SiCHA) to determine if biomimetic chemical compositions were osteoconductive. Of the four different compositions investigates, SiCHA-1 (0.58 wt % Si) and SiCHA-2 (0.45 wt % Si) showed missing bands for CO3and Si using FTIR analysis, indicating competition for occupation of the phosphate site in the HA lattice; 500°C was considered the most favorable calcination temperature as: (i) the powders produced possessed a similar amount of CO3(2-8 wt %) and Si (<1.0 wt %) as present in native bone; and (ii) there was a minimal loss of CO3and Si from the HA structure to the surroundings during calcination. Higher Si content in SiCHA-1 led to lower cell viability and at most hindered proliferation, but no toxicity effect occurred. While, lower Si content in SiCHA-2 showed the highest ALP/DNA ratio after 21 days culture with hMSCs, indicating that the powder may stimulate osteogenic behavior to a greater extent than other powders. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1775-1785, 2017.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Survival
  11. Luteolin and apigenin derived glycosides from Alphonsea elliptica abrogate LPS-induced inflammatory responses in human plasma
    Attiq A, Jalil J, Husain K, Mohamad HF, Ahmad A
    J Ethnopharmacol, 2021 Jul 15;275:114120.
    PMID: 33857595 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114120
    ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Numerous Alphonsea species including Alphonsea elliptica (mempisang) leaves and fruits are indigenously used in inflammatory conditions such as postpartum swelling and rheumatism in southeast Asian countries. In our previous in-vitro findings, A. elliptica methanol extract exhibited platelet-activating factor inhibition, suggesting the presence of phyto-constituents with anti-inflammatory potential.

    AIM OF THE STUDY: However, so far there is no literature available on the anti-inflammatory activity of this species. Henceforth, based on the above background and our previous laboratory findings, we hypothesize that phytoconstituents of A. elliptica could possess anti-inflammatory potential against inflammatory mediators including prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2), cyclooxegenase-2 (COX-2) and cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6).

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Vacuum and column chromatography techniques were employed for the isolation of phytoconstituents. The structure elucidation was carried out using HRESI-MS, 1H and 13C-NMR analysis and compared with the published literature. For cytotoxicity analysis, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In-vitro anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated against the levels of PGE2, COX-2, IL-1β and IL-6 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced human plasma using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and radioimmunoassay.

    RESULTS: Unprecedentedly, chromatographic purification of methanolic leaves extract afforded five flavones namely vitexin, isovitexin, orientin, isoorientin, schaftoside with three flavanols; kaempferol, myricetin and rutin from A elliptica. In cell viability analysis, isolates did not present cytotoxicity up to 50 μM. In anti-inflammatory evaluation, orientin and isoorientin exhibited strong (≥70%), while isovitexin and vitexin produced strong to moderate (50-69%) PGE2, COX-2, IL-1β and IL-6 inhibition at 25 and 50 μM. Isoorientin, orientin, isovitexin, and vitexin showed significant (p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Survival
  12. Bone marrow and adipose stem cells can be tracked with PKH26 until post staining passage 6 in in vitro and in vivo
    Ude CC, Shamsul BS, Ng MH, Chen HC, Norhamdan MY, Aminuddin BS, et al.
    Tissue Cell, 2012 Jun;44(3):156-63.
    PMID: 22402173 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2012.02.001
    Tracking of transplanted cells has become an important procedure in cell therapy. We studied the in vitro dye retention, survival and in vivo tracking of stem cells with PKH26 dye. Sheep BMSCs and ADSCs were labeled with 2, 4 and 8 μmol of PKH26 and monitored for six passages. Labeled BMSCs and ADSCs acquired mean cumulative population doubling of 12.7±0.4 and 14.6±0.5; unlabeled samples had 13.8±0.5 and 15.4±0.6 respectively. Upon staining with 2, 4 and 8 μmol PKH26, BMSCs had retentions of 40.0±5.8, 60.0±2.9 and 95.0±2.9%, while ADSCs had 92.0±1.2, 95.0±1.2 and 98.0±1.2%. ADSCs retentions were significantly higher at 2 and 4 μmol. On dye retention comparison at 8 μmol and 4 μmol for BMSCs and ADSCs; ADSCs were significantly higher at passages 2 and 3. The viability of BMSCs reduced from 94.0±1.2% to 90.0±0.6% and ADSCs from 94.0±1.2% to 52.0±1.2% (p<0.05) after 24h. BMSCs had significant up regulation of the cartilage genes for both the labeled and the unlabeled samples compared to ADSCs (p<0.05). PKH26 fluorescence was detected on the resected portions of the regenerated neo-cartilage. The recommended concentration of PKH26 for ADSCs is 2 μmol and BMSCs is 8 μmol, and they can be tracked up to 49 days.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Survival
  13. Pseudocyst forms of Trichomonas vaginalis from cervical neoplasia
    Afzan MY, Suresh K
    Parasitol Res, 2012 Jul;111(1):371-81.
    PMID: 22398830 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-012-2848-3
    Trichomonas vaginalis, a flagellated protozoan parasite causes a variety of adverse health consequences in both men and women. The parasite exists in the trophozoite and the pseudocystic stage. The study reports for the first time that pseudocyst forms of T. vaginalis isolated from cervical neoplasia (CN) patients demonstrated distinct, different and significant in vitro growth profiles when grown in vitro cultures from day 1 up to day 5 (p<0.05, Mann-Whitney test) when compared with the same life cycle stages isolated from non-cervical neoplasia but symptomatic patients (NCN). Pseudocysts from CN and NCN isolates remained viable in distilled water until 3 h 10 min and 2 h 10 min, respectively. The nucleus of pseudocysts in CN isolates using acridine orange and DAPI showed more intense staining revealing higher nuclear content. The FITC-labeled Concanavalin A stained stronger green fluorescence with surface of pseudocysts in CN isolates showing more rough and creased surface with higher numbers of deep micropores with larger numbers of chromatin masses, vacuoles, and hydrogenosomes. The study confirms that pseudocystic stage from CN, despite the uniformity in appearance of being rounded and showing no motility without a true cyst wall under light microscopy, demonstrated different biochemical, surface, and ultrastructural properties. The study provides evidence that phenotypic variant forms of pseudocysts does exist and possibly does play a role in exacerbating cervical cancer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Survival
  14. Fulltext Molecular mechanisms of diabetic retinopathy, general preventive strategies, and novel therapeutic targets
    Safi SZ, Qvist R, Kumar S, Batumalaie K, Ismail IS
    Biomed Res Int, 2014;2014:801269.
    PMID: 25105142 DOI: 10.1155/2014/801269
    The growing number of people with diabetes worldwide suggests that diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema (DME) will continue to be sight threatening factors. The pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy is a widespread cause of visual impairment in the world and a range of hyperglycemia-linked pathways have been implicated in the initiation and progression of this condition. Despite understanding the polyol pathway flux, activation of protein kinase C (KPC) isoforms, increased hexosamine pathway flux, and increased advanced glycation end-product (AGE) formation, pathogenic mechanisms underlying diabetes induced vision loss are not fully understood. The purpose of this paper is to review molecular mechanisms that regulate cell survival and apoptosis of retinal cells and discuss new and exciting therapeutic targets with comparison to the old and inefficient preventive strategies. This review highlights the recent advancements in understanding hyperglycemia-induced biochemical and molecular alterations, systemic metabolic factors, and aberrant activation of signaling cascades that ultimately lead to activation of a number of transcription factors causing functional and structural damage to retinal cells. It also reviews the established interventions and emerging molecular targets to avert diabetic retinopathy and its associated risk factors.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Survival
  15. High cut-off hemofiltration versus standard hemofiltration: a pilot assessment of effects on indices of apoptosis
    Atan R, Virzi GM, Peck L, Ramadas A, Brocca A, Eastwood G, et al.
    Blood Purif., 2014;37(4):296-303.
    PMID: 25096908 DOI: 10.1159/000363220
    To measure plasma pro-apoptotic and pro-necrotic activity in severe acute kidney injury (AKI) patients within a randomized controlled trial of continuous veno-venous hemofiltration with high cut-off filters (CVVH-HCO) versus standard filters (CVVH-Std).
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Survival
  16. Synthesis of a novel acrylated abietic acid-g-bacterial cellulose hydrogel by gamma irradiation
    Abeer MM, Amin MC, Lazim AM, Pandey M, Martin C
    Carbohydr Polym, 2014 Sep 22;110:505-12.
    PMID: 24906785 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.04.052
    Acrylated abietic acid (acrylated AbA) and acrylated abietic acid-grafted bacterial cellulose pH sensitive hydrogel (acrylated AbA-g-BC) were prepared by a one-pot synthesis. The successful dimerization of acrylic acid (AA) and abietic acid (AbA) and grafting of the dimer onto bacterial cellulose (BC) was confirmed by 13C solid state NMR as well as FT-IR. X-ray diffraction analysis showed characteristic peaks for AbA and BC; further, there was no effect of increasing amorphous AA content on the overall crystallinity of the hydrogel. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed a glass transition temperature of 80°C. Gel fraction and swelling studies gave insight into the features of the hydrogel, suggesting that it was suitable for future applications such as drug delivery. Scanning electron microscopy observations showed an interesting interpenetrating network within the walls of hydrogel samples with the lowest levels of AA and gamma radiation doses. Cell viability test revealed that the synthesized hydrogel is safe for future use in biomedical applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Survival
  17. Aerosol-based delivery of fibroblast cells for treatment of lung diseases
    Kardia E, Yusoff NM, Zakaria Z, Yahaya B
    J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv, 2014 Feb;27(1):30-4.
    PMID: 23409833 DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2012.1020
    Cell-based therapy has great potential to treat patients with lung diseases. The administration of cells into an injured lung is one method of repairing and replacing lost lung tissue. However, different types of delivery have been studied and compared, and none of the techniques resulted in engraftment of a high number of cells into the targeted organ. In this in vitro study, a novel method of cell delivery was introduced to investigate the possibility of delivering aerosolized skin-derived fibroblasts.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Survival
  18. Fulltext Real space flight travel is associated with ultrastructural changes, cytoskeletal disruption and premature senescence of HUVEC
    Kapitonova MY, Muid S, Froemming GR, Yusoff WN, Othman S, Ali AM, et al.
    Malays J Pathol, 2012 Dec;34(2):103-13.
    PMID: 23424772 MyJurnal
    Microgravity, hypergravity, vibration, ionizing radiation and temperature fluctuations are major factors of outer space flight affecting human organs and tissues. There are several reports on the effect of space flight on different human cell types of mesenchymal origin while information regarding changes to vascular endothelial cells is scarce. Ultrastructural and cytophysiological features of macrovascular endothelial cells in outer space flight and their persistence during subsequent culturing were demonstrated in the present investigation. At the end of the space flight, endothelial cells displayed profound changes indicating cytoskeletal lesions and increased cell membrane permeability. Readapted cells of subsequent passages exhibited persisting cytoskeletal changes, decreased metabolism and cell growth indicating cellular senescence.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Survival
  19. Production and scale-up of a monoclonal antibody against 17-hydroxyprogesterone
    Chua GK, Abdul-Rahman B, Chisti Y
    Biotechnol Prog, 2013 Jan-Feb;29(1):154-64.
    PMID: 23125182 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1656
    The hybridoma 192 was used to produce a monoclonal antibody (MAb) against 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), for possible use in screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). The factors influencing the MAb production were screened and optimized in a 2 L stirred bioreactor. The production was then scaled up to a 20 L bioreactor. All of the screened factors (aeration rate, stirring speed, dissolved oxygen concentration, pH, and temperature) were found to significantly affect production. Optimization using the response surface methodology identified the following optimal production conditions: 36.8°C, pH 7.4, stirring speed of 100 rpm, 30% dissolved oxygen concentration, and an aeration rate of 0.09 vvm. Under these conditions, the maximum viable cell density achieved was 1.34 ± 0.21 × 10(6) cells mL(-1) and the specific growth rate was 0.036 ± 0.004 h(-1) . The maximum MAb titer was 11.94 ± 4.81 μg mL(-1) with an average specific MAb production rate of 0.273 ± 0.135 pg cell(-1) h(-1) . A constant impeller tip speed criterion was used for the scale-up. The specific growth rate (0.040 h(-1) ) and the maximum viable cell density (1.89 × 10(6) cells mL(-1) ) at the larger scale were better than the values achieved at the small scale, but the MAb titer in the 20 L bioreactor was 18% lower than in the smaller bioreactor. A change in the culture environment from the static conditions of a T-flask to the stirred bioreactor culture did not affect the specificity of the MAb toward its antigen (17-OHP) and did not compromise the structural integrity of the MAb.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Survival
  20. Light-activated cytotoxic compounds from Malaysian microorganisms for photodynamic therapy of cancer
    Kamal N, Sabaratnam V, Abdullah N, Ho AS, Teo SH, Lee HB
    Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek, 2009 Feb;95(2):179-88.
    PMID: 19125347 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-008-9301-8
    Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising cancer treatment which involves activation of a photosensitizing drug with light to produce reactive oxygen species that kill tumors without causing damage to unirradiated normal tissues. To date, only Photofrin, Foscan and Levulan have been approved for clinical treatment of cancer. Tropical habitats such as those found in Malaysia are attractive sources of new therapeutic compounds as tremendous chemical diversity is found in a large number of plants, animals, marine- and micro-organisms. In our screening program for novel photosensitizers from nature, colorful strains of fungi (from Aspergillus and Penicillium genus) and bacteria (including actinomycetes and photosynthetic bacteria) were collected from various habitats in Peninsular Malaysia, such as coastal soil, peat soil, marine sponges and wastewater ponds. Methanolic extracts from a total of 85 different species were evaluated with a short-term cell viability assay for photo-cytotoxicity, where a promyelocytic leukemia cell-line, HL60 incubated with 20 microg/ml of extracts was irradiated with 9.6 J/cm(2) of a broad spectrum light. Two of these extracts, one from Rhodobacter sphaeroides (PBUM003) and one from Rhodopseudomonas palustris (PBUM001) showed moderate to strong photo-cytotoxicity. Subsequent bioassay guided isolation of the PBUM001 extract yielded known photosensitisers that are based on bacteriochlorophyll-a by comparing their molecular weight data, HPLC profiles and UV-vis absorption spectra with literature values, thereby demonstrating the validity of our screening approach.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Survival
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