MyMedR

Fulltext Draft Genome Sequence of a Vibrio parahaemolyticus Strain, KS17.S5-1, with Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Genes, Which Causes Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease in Penaeus monodon in the West Coast of Peninsular Malaysia

Devadas S, Bhassu S, Christie Soo TC, Mohamed Iqbal SN, Yusoff FM, Shariff M

Microbiol Resour Announc, 2018 Jul;7(2).

PMID: 30533806 DOI: 10.1128/MRA.00829-18

We report the first draft genome sequence of a Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain (VpAHPND), which causes acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) in Penaeus monodon. The strain has a pVA1-like plasmid carrying pirAvp and pirBvp genes. Whole-genome comparisons revealed >98% similarity to VpAHPND isolates from Thailand, Mexico, and Vietnam.

Matched MeSH terms: Acute Disease

Fulltext Draft Genome Sequence of the Shrimp Pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus ST17.P5-S1, Isolated in Peninsular Malaysia

Devadas S, Bhassu S, Christie Soo TC, Yusoff FM, Shariff M

Microbiol Resour Announc, 2018 Sep;7(11).

PMID: 30533648 DOI: 10.1128/MRA.01053-18

We sequenced the genome of Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain ST17.P5-S1, isolated from Penaeus vannamei cultured in the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. The strain contains several antibiotic resistance genes and a plasmid encoding the Photorhabdus insect-related (Pir) toxin-like genes, pirAvp and pirBvp, associated with acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND).

Matched MeSH terms: Acute Disease

Fulltext Acute haematogenous osteomyelitis: an unusual complication following a closed fracture of the femur in a child

Baharuddin M, Sharaf I

Med J Malaysia, 2001 Dec;56 Suppl D:54-6.

PMID: 14569768

We report a rare case of an acute haematogenous osteomyelitis of the femur in a five-year-old boy following a closed fracture of the femur. Because of its rare occurrence, the diagnosis of osteomyelitis was missed initially. He presented with a groin abscess seven weeks after injury. He was treated with external fixation, repeated debridements and intravenous antibiotics. Culture grew Staphylococcus aureus. The latest follow-up one-year after the injury showed resolution of the infection and union of the fracture. The range of knee movement is limited from 0-90 degrees due to quadriceps contracture.

Matched MeSH terms: Acute Disease

Fulltext Laboratory acute flaccid paralysis surveillance in Malaysia: a decade of commitment to the WHO global polio eradication initiative

Saraswathy TS, Khairullah NS, Sinniah M, Fauziah MK, Apandi MY, Shamsuddin M

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2004 Jun;35(2):421-4.

PMID: 15691149

The Institute for Medical Research, Malaysia, was designated the National Reference Laboratory for Poliomyelitis Eradication (NRLPE) in 1992. Since then, our Polio Laboratory has collaborated actively with the Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health (MOH), Malaysia and WHO towards achieving polio eradication. Since 1992, the NRLPE has investigated 1,063 stool specimens from 641 acute flaccidparalysis (AFP) cases. One hundred and one enteroviruses were isolated from these specimens. Positive cell cultures were confirmed by microneutralization assay using standard WHO antisera. All enterovirus isolates were sent to the Victorian Infectious Disease Reference Laboratory in Melbourne, Australia, for further identification and poliovirus intratypic differentiation. Thirty-one out of these 101 virus isolates (30%) were polioviruses (PV) and the remaining 70 (70%) were non-polio enteroviruses (NPEV) which included coxsackie B viruses, echoviruses and enterovirus 71. Three of the poliovirus isolates were wild-type polioviruses isolated in 1992 which were the last wild-type polioviruses isolated in Malaysia. The rest were vaccine-related Sabin-like strains. Monthly reports of the virological investigation of AFP cases are sent to WHO and to the MOH, AFP control committee. The NRLPE continues to play an integral role in AFP surveillance and is committed to the WHO's goal of global polio eradication by the year 2005.

Matched MeSH terms: Acute Disease

Acute myelomonocytic leukaemia complicated by an acute aortic thrombosis

Leong KW, Bosco JJ, Shaik IB

Postgrad Med J, 1995 Feb;71(832):112-3.

PMID: 7724422

Acute aortic thrombosis is a rare condition, occurring mainly as a result of trauma or atherosclerosis and occasionally secondary to hypercoagulable states. We report a patient with relapsed acute myeloid leukaemia who developed an unusual complication, acute aortic thrombosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Acute Disease

Fulltext Severe thrombocytopenia due to hypersplenism treated with partial splenic embolisation

Hanafiah M, Shahizon AM, Low SF, Shahrina MH

BMJ Case Rep, 2013 Jul 05;2013.

PMID: 23833091 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2013-010163

A 35-year-old woman with background of liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension secondary to chronic hepatitis C presented with complication of hypersplenism and thrombocytopenia. She developed severe menorrhagia requiring multiple blood transfusions. In addition, her interferon therapy was withheld owing to the underlying thrombocytopenia. Partial splenic embolisation was performed, which improved her platelet counts. Subsequently, the menorrhagia was resolved and her interferon therapy was restarted.

Matched MeSH terms: Acute Disease

Hepatitis A vaccines

Shahidah KN

Med J Malaysia, 2005 Jul;60 Suppl B:112-5.

PMID: 16108190

Hepatitis A, an acute usually self limiting infection of the liver is one of the most common vaccine-preventable infectious disease in the world. Effective vaccines which provide long term immunity against hepatitis A have been available since 1992. They are of known good quality, well tolerated with no serious adverse events and have been successfully used to protect different populations from infection as well as interrupt outbreak in closed communities. Mathematical models estimate the long term persistence of antiHAV antibodies to be more than 25 years. Vaccination efforts should be supplemented by health education and improved sanitation. Planning for large scale immunization programmes against hepatitis A should take into consideration epidemiological and cost benefit studies.

Matched MeSH terms: Acute Disease

Fulltext Diversity of respiratory viruses detected among hospitalized children with acute lower respiratory tract infections at Hospital Serdang, Malaysia

Etemadi MR, Jalilian FA, Othman N, Lye MS, Ansari S, Yubbu P, et al.

J Virol Methods, 2019 07;269:1-6.

PMID: 30910688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.03.013

BACKGROUND: The role of respiratory viruses as the major cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTIs) in children is becoming increasingly evident due to the use of sensitive molecular detection methods. The aim of this study was to use conventional and molecular detection methods to assess the epidemiology of respiratory viral infections in children less than five years of age that were hospitalized with ALRTIs.

METHODS: The cross-sectional study was designed to investigate the occurrence of respiratory viruses including respiratory syncytisl virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), influenza virus A and B (IFV-A and B), parainfluenzavirus 1, 2, 3 and 4 (PIV 1, 2, 3 and 4), human rhinoviruses (HRV), human enterovirus (HEV), human coronaviruses (HCoV) 229E and OC43, human bocavirus (HBoV) and human adenovirus (HAdV) in hospitalized children with ALRTIs, at Hospital Serdang, Malaysia, from June 16 to December 21, 2009. The study was also designed in part to assess the performance of the conventional methods against molecular methods.

RESULTS: Viral pathogens were detected in 158 (95.8%) of the patients. Single virus infections were detected in 114 (67.9%) patients; 46 (27.9%) were co-infected with different viruses including double-virus infections in 37 (22.4%) and triple-virus infections in 9 (5.5%) cases. Approximately 70% of samples were found to be positive using conventional methods compared with 96% using molecular methods. A wide range of respiratory viruses were detected in the study. There was a high prevalence of RSV (50.3%) infections, particularly group B viruses. Other etiological agents including HAdV, HMPV, IFV-A, PIV 1-3, HBoV, HCoV-OC43 and HEV were detected in 14.5, 9.6, 9.1, 4.8, 3.6, 2.4 and 1.8 percent of the samples, respectively.

CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrated the increased sensitivity of molecular detection methods compared with conventional methods for the diagnosis of ARTIs in hospitalized children. This is the first report of HMPV infections in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Acute Disease/epidemiology

Acute hand ischemia after intra-arterial injection of meprobamate powder

Seak CK, Kooi XJ, Seak CJ

J Emerg Med, 2012 Sep;43(3):468-71.

PMID: 22497894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2012.02.014

Meprobamate tablets contain microcrystalline cellulose, a potent embolic agent that has been shown to cause gangrene in animal studies. Microvascular embolization caused by microcrystalline cellulose can contribute to the ischemic process.

Matched MeSH terms: Acute Disease

Fulltext Concurrence of hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody in acute and chronic hepatitis B cases

Ng KP, Saw TL

Med J Malaysia, 1994 Jun;49(2):117-21.

PMID: 8090089

A total of 250 hepatitis B surface antigen positive sera were screened for antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen. It was found that seven (3%) sera showed concurrently circulating surface antigen and surface antibody to hepatitis B virus. The level of antibody to surface antigen was not affected by HBeAg and most of the cases were found in chronic hepatitis B carriers.

Matched MeSH terms: Acute Disease

Acute arterial embolism

Saw HS

Med J Malaysia, 1977 Dec;32(2):157-60.

PMID: 614484

Matched MeSH terms: Acute Disease

Fulltext Acute presentation of tuberous sclerosis: case report

Sathyamoorthy P

Singapore Med J, 1993 Aug;34(4):358-60.

PMID: 8266217

Incomplete form of tuberous sclerosis (TS) may present with acute complications such as haematuria, retroperitoneal haemorrhage or pneumothorax. Such cases may pose diagnostic difficulty. A patient with incomplete form of TS without any cerebral impairment who presented as an acute surgical abdomen is reported. The diagnostic criteria of TS are reviewed. Visceral manifestations of TS including acute complications are discussed. The importance of recognising such presentations is stressed.

Matched MeSH terms: Acute Disease

Systematic Review of Normal Subjects Harbouring BCR-ABL1 Fusion Gene

Kuan JW, Su AT, Leong CF, Osato M, Sashida G

Acta Haematol., 2020;143(2):96-111.

PMID: 31401626 DOI: 10.1159/000501146

The treatment of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) requires quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to monitor BCR-ABL1 in International Scale (IS). Some normal subjects were found to harbour BCR-ABL1. We performed a systematic review on normal subjects harbouring BCR-ABL1. A literature search was done on July 16, 2017 using EBSCOhost Research Databases interface and Western Pacific Region Index Medicus. Two authors selected the studies, extracted the data, and evaluated the quality of studies using the modified Appraisal Tool for Cross-Sectional Studies independently. The outcomes were prevalence, level of BCR-ABL1IS, proportion, and time of progression to CML. The initial search returned 4,770 studies. Eleven studies, all having used convenient sampling, were included, with total of 1,360 subjects. Ten studies used qualitative PCR and one used qPCR (not IS). The mean prevalence of M-BCR was 5.9, 15.5, and 15.9% in cord blood/newborns/infants (CB/NB/I) (n = 170), children (n = 90), and adults (n = 454), respectively, while m-BCR was 15, 26.9, and 23.1% in CB/NB/I (n = 786), children (n = 67), and adults (n = 208), respectively. No study reported the proportion and time of progression to CML. Nine studies were graded as moderate quality, one study as poor quality, and one study as unacceptable. The result of the studies could neither be inferred to the general normal population nor compared. Follow-up data were scarce.

Matched MeSH terms: Acute Disease

Fulltext Neglected acute post exertional anterior compartment syndrome: a case report

Sambandan S

Med J Malaysia, 1985 Dec;40(4):338-40.

PMID: 3842737

A case of Acute Post Exertional Anterior Compartment Syndrome of the leg, seen five days after the onset of symptoms is presented. Decompression with delayed closure was done. There was only sensory recovery. However functional recovery at one year was good. Acute Post Exertional Compartment Syndrome cases are diagnosed late due to the lack of awareness, the paucity of radiological features, and the presence of intact peripheral pulses. A review of the literature revealed no previous documentation from South-East Asia.

Matched MeSH terms: Acute Disease

Acute polyhydramnios causing bilateral obstructive hydronephrosis and impaired renal function

Valayatham V, Kakarla A, Rymer J

J Obstet Gynaecol, 2007 Oct;27(7):736-7.

PMID: 17999311

Matched MeSH terms: Acute Disease

Incidence of acute respiratory distress syndrome: a comparison of two definitions

Goh AY, Chan PW, Lum LC, Roziah M

Arch Dis Child, 1998 Sep;79(3):256-9.

PMID: 9875023

OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence and outcome of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in children by comparing two commonly used definitions: the lung injury score and the American-European Consensus Conference definition. The causes and risk for developing ARDS were also studied.

METHODS: Part prospective and retrospective analysis of 8100 consecutive hospital admissions from 1 June 1995 to 1 April 1997.

RESULTS: Twenty one patients fulfilled the criteria for ARDS. Both definitions identified the same group of patients. The incidence was 2.8/1000 hospital admissions or 4.2% of paediatric intensive care unit admissions. The main causes were sepsis and pneumonia. Mortality was 13 of 21. Factors predicting death were a high admission paediatric risk of mortality (PRISM) score (30.38 v 18.75) and the presence of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (92% v 25%).

CONCLUSION: Both definitions identified similar groups of patients. The incidence in this population was higher than that reported elsewhere, but mortality and cause were similar to those in developed countries. Poor outcome was associated with sepsis, a high admission PRISM score, and simultaneous occurrence of other organ dysfunction.

Matched MeSH terms: Acute Disease

Fulltext New therapies for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS):--a review

Reddy VG

Med J Malaysia, 1999 Mar;54(1):132-45.

PMID: 10972019

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has been associated with high mortality. Improved understanding of the pathophysiology, recognition of precipitating events and improved management has decreased the mortality over the years. Mechanical ventilation is still the corner stone of the management of the disease. It is well recognised that high tidal volumes and airway pressures increase the morbidity, hence the need to use alternative modes of ventilation like pressure control with or without inverse ratio ventilation. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is still experimental and not easily available, whereas prone position to improve oxygenation is simple and inexpensive. The concept of pathological oxygen dependency and therapy aimed at supranormal values has failed to improve survival. Restricting the fluids to prevent further oedema formation in an already wet lung has improved the survival rate. Nitric oxide and surfactant have failed to produce desirable effect in large studies. Pharmacological support to inhibit inflammation with non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antifungal agents, prostaglandin and corticosteroids have all failed. Interestingly corticosteroid rescue treatment in the late phase of ARDS has shown promise. Antiendotoxin and anticytokine studies which began with much enthusiasm is yet to produce desirable results.

Matched MeSH terms: Acute Disease

Comparison of complication outcomes in acute pancreatitis following ERCP and conservative management at UKM medical centre: a six years retrospective study

Zamri Z, Razman J

Clin Ter, 2012 Nov;163(6):467-71.

PMID: 23306739

Acute pancreatitis is one of the common reasons for surgical admission. It is a potentially lethal disease that is increasing in its incidence. The most common causes of acute pancreatitis is from gallstones and alcohol. Other causes of acute pancreatitis include hypertriglyceridaemia, hyperparathyroidism, pancreatic malignancy, Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), trauma, infectious agents, drugs, autoimmunity, and hereditary. The treatment of acute pancreatitis is mainly supportive. The complication of ERCP in acute pancreatitis can be divided into local complication (pancreatic abscess, pseudocyst), systemic complications (renal failure, respiratory failure, cardiogenic shock) and biliary sepsis (acute cholangitis and acute cholecystitis). However, early ERCP and possible sphincterotomy should be kept in mind for patients with severe disease and biliary obstruction who are not improving with medical therapy. This study is done to compare the complication rate of ERCP and conservative management in acute pancreatitis for past 6 years in Pusat Perubatan UKM.

Matched MeSH terms: Acute Disease

Fulltext Risk factors and outcome of dysphagia after an acute ischaemic stroke

Hamidon BB, Nabil I, Raymond AA

Med J Malaysia, 2006 Dec;61(5):553-7.

PMID: 17623955 MyJurnal

Dysphagia occurs frequently after a stroke. It is a major problem as patients are at risk of malnutrition and aspiration pneumonia. We aimed to identify the risk factors for and outcome of dysphagia over the first one month after an acute ischaemic stroke. Patients with acute first-ever ischaemic stroke admitted to the medical ward of Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (HUKM) between July 2004 and December 2004 were prospectively examined. Observation was done using pre-defined criteria. Demographic data, risk factors, and type of stroke were recorded on admission. The assessment of dysphagia was made using standardized clinical methods. All patients were followed up for three months. One hundred and thirty four patients were recruited in the study. Fifty-five patients (41%) had dysphagia at presentation. This number was reduced to 29 (21.6%) patients at one month. Logistic regression analysis revealed that age of more than 75 years [OR 5.20 (95% CI 1.89 - 14.30)], diabetes mellitus [OR 2.91 (95% CI 1.07 - 7.91)] and MCA infarct [OR 2.48 (95% CI 1.01-6.14)] independently predicts the occurrence of dysphagia after an acute stroke. Dysphagia at presentation was found to be an independent predictor of mortality at one-month [OR 5.28 (95% CI 1.51-18.45)] post ischaemic infarct. Dysphagia occurred commonly in ischaemic stroke. Advance age, diabetes mellitus and large infarcts were independently associated with the presence of dysphagia. Early stroke mortality can be independently predicted by the presence of dysphagia.

Matched MeSH terms: Acute Disease

Fulltext The risk factors of gastrointestinal bleeding in acute ischaemic stroke

Hamidon BB, Raymond AA

Med J Malaysia, 2006 Aug;61(3):288-91.

PMID: 17240577 MyJurnal

Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is one of the most serious complications after an acute ischaemic stroke and may affect stroke outcome. We identified predictors and the eventual outcome of gastrointestinal bleeding during the in-patient period following the commencement of aspirin. This was a study of patients with acute ischaemic stroke admitted to Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Hospital from June 2000 to January 2001. A single observer, using predefined diagnostic criteria recorded information on demography, risk factors and GI bleeding that occurred during the inpatient period. One hundred and fifteen patients with acute ischaemic stroke were enrolled in the study. Gastrointestinal bleeding was observed in 6 (5.2%) patients. Using univariate analysis, the independent predictors of gastrointestinal bleeding were age (OR 1.25; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.50), and middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory infarcts (OR 9.47; 95% CI 1.62 to 55.5). Using multivariate analysis, the presence of gastrointestinal bleeding increased mortality (OR 24.97; 95% CI 1.97 to 316.91). Older age, and large MCA infarct predict the development gastrointestinal bleeding. Stroke mortality was independently predicted by gastrointestinal bleeding. Prophylactic treatment in elderly patients with large cerebral infarcts may be an area for further investigation.

Matched MeSH terms: Acute Disease

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