MyMedR

Displaying publications 81 - 100 of 250 in total

Abstract:

Sort:

Fulltext Ameloblastic carcinoma: A case with cervical node and pulmonary metastases

Khoo SP, Ong ST

Ann Dent, 1998;5(1):49-52.
MyJurnal

Odontogenic carcinomas of the jaws are subclassified into malignant ameloblastoma, ameloblastic carcinoma and primary intraosseous carcinoma arising from within the bone. These may arise from residual islands of epithelium derived from dental lamina or epithelial lining of dental cysts. Ameloblastic carcinoma is extremely rare. An aggressive case of ameloblastic carcinoma occumng in a 59-year-old Malay man is presented. Wide excision of the primary lesion with radical neck dissection was carried out. He developed lung metastasis 4 months post-operatively. Despite chemotherapy upon discovery of lung metastasis, he expired 7 months following the initial diagnosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones
Fulltext Benign periarticular, bone and joint lipomatous lesions

Kheok SW, Ong KO

Singapore Med J, 2017 Sep;58(9):521-527.
PMID: 28948289 DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2017087

Benign periarticular, bone and joint lipomatous lesions are rare entities that are increasingly being identified using current imaging techniques. This pictorial review illustrates the wide range of imaging presentations of these lesions at various sites and their pathognomonic features. The main lesions reviewed include intraosseous lipoma, liposclerosing myxofibrous tumour, lipoma arborescens and intra-articular lipoma.

Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones/pathology
Fulltext A review of haematogenous osteomyelitis in children in Kuala Lumpur Hospital

Razak M, Ismail MM, Omar A

Med J Malaysia, 1998 Sep;53 Suppl A:83-5.
PMID: 10968187

We review 81 cases of acute haematogenous osteomyelitis from 1983 to 1990 to establish current pattern of clinical presentation, modes of treatment and success of therapy. Majority of the patient (70%) presented within a week of symptom and significant number of them came with fever and swelling of the affected limb. Sedimentation rate was found to be raised in all of them. Fifty-four (55%) of them were treated surgically. The average antibiotic time was one week by intravenous administration followed by additional oral therapy for period up to four weeks. Average follow-up was 9 months. Six of them (7.5%) end up with various complication which was believed to be due to delay in getting medical treatment.

Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones/metabolism*
Finite element analysis of idealised unit cell cancellous structure based on morphological indices of cancellous bone

Kadir MR, Syahrom A, Ochsner A

Med Biol Eng Comput, 2010 May;48(5):497-505.
PMID: 20224954 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-010-0593-2

Human bones can be categorised into one of two types--the compact cortical and the porous cancellous. Whilst the cortical is a solid structure macroscopically, the structure of cancellous bone is highly complex with plate-like and strut-like structures of various sizes and shapes depending on the anatomical site. Reconstructing the actual structure of cancellous bone for defect filling is highly unfeasible. However, the complex structure can be simplified into an idealised structure with similar properties. In this study, two idealised architectures were developed based on morphological indices of cancellous bone: the tetrakaidecahedral and the prismatic. The two architectures were further subdivided into two types of microstructure, the first consists of struts only and the second consists of a combination of plates and struts. The microstructures were transformed into finite element models and displacement boundary condition was applied to all four idealised cancellous models with periodic boundary conditions. Eight unit cells extracted from the actual cancellous bone obtained from micro-computed tomography were also analysed with the same boundary conditions. Young's modulus values were calculated and comparison was made between the idealised and real cancellous structures. Results showed that all models with a combination of plates and struts have higher rigidity compared to the one with struts only. Values of Young's modulus from eight unit cells of cancellous bone varied from 42 to 479 MPa with an average of 234 MPa. The prismatic architecture with plates and rods closely resemble the average stiffness of a unit cell of cancellous bone.

Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology*; Bone and Bones/physiology
Fulltext Cytotoxicity and oxidative stress evaluation of alginate/cockle shell powder nanobiocomposite bone scaffold on osteoblast

B. Hemabarathy Bharatham, Zariyantey Abdul Hamid, Nurnadiah Ahmad

Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2017;15(1):97-103.
MyJurnal

Biocompatibility and growth of osteoblast on bone scaffolds play an important role towards their therapeutic application.
The presence of oxidative stress generated by bone scaffolds highly influences osteoblast growth and its functional
performance. In this study in-vitro interaction of developed Alginate/Cockle Shell powder nanobiocomposite bone scaffold
on osteoblast with regards to cytotoxicity and oxidative stress are evaluated. Cytotoxicity studies using MTT assays
revealed a significant increase in viability of cultured osteoblast in the presences of the scaffold extracts. The growth of
osteoblast on the scaffold were not deterred with the presence of any major oxidative stress factors as determined through
oxidative stress profile studies using SOD, GSH and ROS assays. The nanobiocomposite scaffold evaluated in this study
shows promising use in regards to facilitating osteoblast proliferation, growth and viability.

Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones
Fulltext Posterior mediastinal abscess secondary to esophageal perforation following fish bone ingestion

Ahmad R, Ishlah W, Shaharudin MH, Sathananthar KS, Norie A

Med J Malaysia, 2008 Jun;63(2):162-3.
PMID: 18942310 MyJurnal

Accidental swallowing of fish bone, which arrested in esophagus, is fairly common. However the incidence of esophageal perforation due to fish bone swallowing is low. Delayed posterior mediastinal abscess as a result of the esophageal perforation is a rare manifestation and may lead to fatal outcome. Two cases of delayed formation of posterior mediastinal abscess following esophageal perforation due to accidental fish bone ingestion are described here. In these cases patients presented with interscapular back pain. In one of the cases the patient died because of the presentation was misdiagnosed hence leading to delay in the intervention. Radiological findings and surgical management namely esophagoscopy and neck exploration are briefly described.

Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones
Beneficial effects of tocotrienol and tocopherol on bone histomorphometric parameters in sprague-dawley male rats after nicotine cessation

Hermizi H, Faizah O, Ima-Nirwana S, Ahmad Nazrun S, Norazlina M

Calcif. Tissue Int., 2009 Jan;84(1):65-74.
PMID: 19020790 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-008-9190-x

This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of three forms of vitamin E supplements following nicotine treatment on bone histomorphometric parameters in an adult male rat model. Rats were divided into seven groups: baseline (B, killed without treatment), control (C, normal saline for 4 months), nicotine (N, nicotine for 2 months), nicotine cessation (NC), tocotrienol-enhanced fraction (TEF), gamma-tocotrienol (GTT), and alpha-tocopherol (ATF). Treatments for the NC, TEF, GTT, and ATF groups were performed in two phases. For the first 2 months they were given nicotine (7 mg/kg), and for the following 2 months nicotine administration was stopped and treatments with respective vitamin E preparations (60 mg/kg) were commenced except for the NC group, which was allowed to recover without treatment. Rats in the N and NC groups had lower trabecular bone volume, mineral appositional rate (MAR), and bone formation rate (BFR/BS) and higher single labeled surface and osteoclast surface compared to the C group. Vitamin E treatment reversed these nicotine effects. Both the TEF and GTT groups, but not the ATF group, had a significantly higher trabecular thickness but lower eroded surface (ES/BS) than the C group. The tocotrienol-treated groups had lower ES/BS than the ATF group. The GTT group showed a significantly higher MAR and BFR/BS than the TEF and ATF groups. In conclusion, nicotine induced significant bone loss, while vitamin E supplements not only reversed the effects but also stimulated bone formation significantly above baseline values. Tocotrienol was shown to be slightly superior compared to tocopherol. Thus, vitamin E, especially GTT, may have therapeutic potential to repair bone damage caused by chronic smoking.

Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones/drug effects*; Bone and Bones/physiology; Bone and Bones/ultrastructure
Locally produced bovine bone sponge as a haemostatic agent

Ang CY, Samsudin AR, Karima AM, Nizam A

Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:149-50.
PMID: 15468862

The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphological and biological properties of a locally produced "Bovine Bone Sponge" for use in dentistry. Bovine bone sponge was prepared from local calf bone. Endotoxin level and surface properties were investigated. The pore size and water uptake ability were measured and results were compared with the commercial haemostatic agent. The material was tested for its haemostatic property and its inhibition of alveolar bone resorption in a sheep model following dental extraction. Results revealed a significant difference in haemostatic effect, and a shorter bleeding time and a lower rate of alveolar bone resorption in bovine bone sponge compare to a commercial haemostatic agent.

Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones*
Fulltext The Role and Mechanism of MicroRNA 21 in Osteogenesis: An Update

Subramaniam R, Vijakumaran U, Shanmuganantha L, Law JX, Alias E, Ng MH

Int J Mol Sci, 2023 Jul 11;24(14).
PMID: 37511090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411330

MicroRNAs are short, single-stranded ribonucleic acids expressed endogenously in the body to regulate gene expression at the post-translational level, with exogenous microRNA offering an attractive approach to therapy. Among the myriad microRNA candidates involved in controlling bone homeostasis and remodeling, microRNA 21 (miR21) is the most abundant. This paper discusses the studies conducted on the role and mechanism of human miR21 (hsa-miR21) in the regulation of bones and the various pathways mediated by miR21, and explores the feasibility of employing exogenous miR21 as a strategy for promoting osteogenesis. From the literature review, it was clear that miR21 plays a dual role in bone metabolism by regulating both bone formation and bone resorption. There is substantial evidence to date from both in vitro and in vivo studies that exogenous miR21 can successfully accelerate new bone synthesis in the context of bone loss due to injury or osteoporosis. This supports the exploration of applications of exogenous miR21 in bone regenerative therapy in the future.

Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones/metabolism
Microwave-stimulated decalcification of compact bones

Ng KH, Ng LL

Eur J Morphol, 1992;30(2):150-5.
PMID: 1457250
Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology; Bone and Bones/radiation effects*
An in vitro study comparing two different film-screen combinations in the detection of impacted fish bones

Abdullah BJ, Kaur H, Ng KH

Br J Radiol, 1998 Sep;71(849):930-3.
PMID: 10195007

Dried fish bones from eight species of Malaysian fish were placed in an animal cadaver at four sites (tonsil, valleculae, larynx and oesophagus) and radiographed using a double and a single film-screen combination. The use of the single film-screen combination resulted in visibility of all fish bones placed in the larynx, two of which were not visible on the double film-screen combination. There was a 50% increase of the visibility of the fish bones in the oesophagus using the single film-screen combination. The difference in dose and cost between the two different film-screen combinations was not significant.

Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones/radiography*
Tissue-Engineered Hydroxyapatite Bone Scaffold Impregnated with Osteoprogenitor Cells Promotes Bone Regeneration in Sheep Model

Bajuri MY, Selvanathan N, Dzeidee Schaff FN, Abdul Suki MH, Ng AMH

Tissue Eng Regen Med, 2021 06;18(3):377-385.
PMID: 34043210 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-021-00343-2

BACKGROUND: Managing massive bone defects, a great challenge to orthopaedics reconstructive surgery. The problem arise is the supply of suitable bone is limited with many complications. Tissue-engineered hydroxyapatite bone (TEHB) scaffold impregnated with osteoprogenitor cells developed as an alternative to promote bone regeneration.
METHODS: This animal protocol has been approved by Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Animal Ethical Committee. The TEHB scaffold prepared from hydroxyapatite using gel casting method. A total of six adolescent female sheep were chosen for this study. Later, all the sheep were euthanized in a proper manner and the bone harvested for biomechanical study. Bone marrow was collected from iliac crest of the sheep and bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) isolated and cultured. BMSCs then cultured in osteogenic medium for osteoprogenitor cells development and the plasma collected was seeded with osteoprogenitor cells mixed with calcium chloride. Bone defect of 3 cm length of tibia bone created from each sheep leg and implanted with autologous and TEHB scaffold in 2 different groups of sheep. Wound site was monitored weekly until the wound completely healed and conventional X-ray performed at week 1 and 24. Shear test was conducted to determine the shear force on the autologous bone and TEHB scaffold after implantation for 24 weeks.
RESULTS: All of the sheep survived without any complications during the study period and radiograph showed new bone formation. Later, the bone harvested was for biomechanical study. The highest shear force for the autologous group was 13 MPa and the lowest was 5 MPa while for the scaffold group, the highest was 10 MPa and the lowest was 3 MPa. Although, proximal and distal interface of autologous bone graft shows higher shear strength compared to the TEHB scaffold but there is no significant difference in both groups, p value > 0.05. Histologically in both proximal and distal interface in both arms shows bone healing and woven bone formation.
CONCLUSION: TEHB scaffold impregnated with osteoprogenitor cells has the potential to be developed as a bone substitute in view of its strength and capability to promote bone regeneration.

Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones
Effectiveness of bone cleaning process using chemical and entomology approaches: time and cost

Lai PS, Khoo LS, Mohd Hilmi S, Ahmad Hafizam H, Mohd Shah M, Nurliza A, et al.

Malays J Pathol, 2015 Aug;37(2):123-35.
PMID: 26277669 MyJurnal

Skeletal examination is an important aspect of forensic pathology practice, requiring effective bone cleaning with minimal artefact. This study was conducted to compare between chemical and entomology methods of bone cleaning. Ten subjects between 20 and 40 years old who underwent uncomplicated medico-legal autopsies at the Institute of Forensic Medicine Malaysia were randomly chosen for this descriptive cross sectional study. The sternum bone was divided into 4 parts, each part subjected to a different cleaning method, being two chemical approaches i.e. laundry detergent and a combination of 6% hydrogen peroxide and powder sodium bicarbonate and two entomology approaches using 2nd instar maggots of Chrysomyia rufifacies and Ophyra spinigera. A scoring system for grading the outcome of cleaning was used. The effectiveness of the methods was evaluated based on average weight reduction per day and median number of days to achieve the average score of less than 1.5 within 12 days of the bone cleaning process. Using maggots was the most time-effective and costeffective method, achieving an average weight reduction of 1.4 gm per day, a median of 11.3 days to achieve the desired score and an average cost of MYR 4.10 per case to reach the desired score within 12 days. This conclusion was supported by blind validation by forensic specialists achieving a 77.8% preference for maggots. Emission scanning electron microscopy evaluation also revealed that maggots especially Chrysomyia rufifacies preserved the original condition of the bones better allowing improved elucidation of bone injuries in future real cases.

Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones*
Fulltext Automated bone age assessment: motivation, taxonomies, and challenges

Mansourvar M, Ismail MA, Herawan T, Raj RG, Kareem SA, Nasaruddin FH

Comput Math Methods Med, 2013;2013:391626.
PMID: 24454534 DOI: 10.1155/2013/391626

Bone age assessment (BAA) of unknown people is one of the most important topics in clinical procedure for evaluation of biological maturity of children. BAA is performed usually by comparing an X-ray of left hand wrist with an atlas of known sample bones. Recently, BAA has gained remarkable ground from academia and medicine. Manual methods of BAA are time-consuming and prone to observer variability. This is a motivation for developing automated methods of BAA. However, there is considerable research on the automated assessment, much of which are still in the experimental stage. This survey provides taxonomy of automated BAA approaches and discusses the challenges. Finally, we present suggestions for future research.

Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones/radiography*
Influence of Adolescents' Physical Activity on Bone Mineral Acquisition: A Systematic Review Article

Zulfarina MS, Sharkawi AM, Aqilah-S N ZS, Mokhtar SA, Nazrun SA, Naina-Mohamed I

Iran J Public Health, 2016 Dec;45(12):1545-1557.
PMID: 28053920

BACKGROUND: This study conducted to examine and to provide a systematic literature over the influence of adolescents' physical activity (PA) in maximizing`s peak bone mass (PBM). PBM or the 'bone bank' is an important determinant in achieving healthy bone. PA is one of the bone's lifestyle contributors and high PBM is one of the major strategies for preventing osteoporosis.
METHODS: A computerized literature search using Medline (Ovid) and Scopus were conducted to identify relevant observational studies on the influence of different level of PA on bone acquisition among the healthy adolescent population. All articles included, were limited to original articles and English language.
RESULTS: Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Reported bone outcomes were of bone mass, bone structure and bone strength. Eight studies showed positive association between adolescents' PA and high bone variables. The influence of PA may differ according to sex, skeletal sites and bone outcomes.
CONCLUSION: This study supported the importance of increase adolescents' regular PA in optimizing PBM thus preventing osteoporosis at later life.

Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones
Fulltext Combined Effects of Eurycoma longifolia and Testosterone on Androgen-Deficient Osteoporosis in a Male Rat Model

Saadiah Abdul Razak H, Shuid AN, Naina Mohamed I

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2012;2012:872406.
PMID: 22924057 DOI: 10.1155/2012/872406

Androgen-deficient osteoporosis in men is treated with testosterone therapy, which is associated with side effects. Eurycoma longifolia (EL) is known to possess androgenic properties and has been reported to protect bone from androgen-deficient osteoporosis in experimental animal models. The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of combination therapy of EL and testosterone (T) in treating androgen-deficient osteoporosis. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into: sham-operated (SHAM), orchidectomized-control (ORX), orchidectomized with testosterone (ORX + T), orchidectomized with EL (ORX + EL), and orchidectomized with combined T and EL therapy (ORX + T + EL). EL was administered via oral gavages daily at the dose of 15 mg/kg. T was injected intramuscularly at 8 mg/kg and 4 mg/kg for the ORX + T and ORX + T + EL groups, respectively. Following 6 weeks of treatment, the osteocalcin levels of ORX + T and ORX + T + EL groups were significantly lower than the SHAM group (P < 0.05). The posttreatment CTX levels of ORX + T and ORX + T + EL groups were significantly lower than their pretreatment levels (P < 0.05). Biomechanically, the strain parameter of the ORX + T + EL group was significantly higher than the ORX group (P < 0.05). Thus, the combination therapy of EL and low-dose T has potential for treatment of androgen-deficient osteoporosis. The lower T dose is beneficial in reducing the sideeffects of testosterone therapy.

Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones
Fulltext Vitamin e and the healing of bone fracture: the current state of evidence

Borhanuddin B, Mohd Fozi NF, Naina Mohamed I

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2012;2012:684510.
PMID: 23304211 DOI: 10.1155/2012/684510

Background. The effect of vitamin E on health-related conditions has been extensively researched, with varied results. However, to date, there was no published review of the effect of vitamin E on bone fracture healing. Purpose. This paper systematically audited past studies of the effect of vitamin E on bone fracture healing. Methods. Related articles were identified from Medline, CINAHL, and Scopus databases. Screenings were performed based on the criteria that the study must be an original study that investigated the independent effect of vitamin E on bone fracture healing. Data were extracted using standardised forms, followed by evaluation of quality of reporting using ARRIVE Guidelines, plus recalculation procedure for the effect size and statistical power of the results. Results. Six animal studies fulfilled the selection criteria. The study methods were heterogeneous with mediocre reporting quality and focused on the antioxidant-related mechanism of vitamin E. The metasynthesis showed α-tocopherol may have a significant effect on bone formation during the normal bone remodeling phase of secondary bone healing. Conclusion. In general, the effect of vitamin E on bone fracture healing remained inconclusive due to the small number of heterogeneous and mediocre studies included in this paper.

Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones
Bisphenol A exposure disturbs the bone metabolism: An evolving interest towards an old culprit

Thent ZC, Froemming GRA, Muid S

Life Sci, 2018 Apr 01;198:1-7.
PMID: 29432759 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.02.013

Bisphenol A (BPA) (2,2,-bis (hydroxyphenyl) propane), a well-known endocrine disruptor (ED), is the exogenous chemical that mimic the natural endogenous hormone like oestrogen. Due to its extensive exposure to humans, BPA is considered to be a major toxicological agent for general population. Environmental exposure of BPA results in adverse health outcomes including bone loss. BPA disturbs the bone health by decreasing the plasma calcium level and inhibiting the calcitonin secretion. BPA also stimulated differentiation and induced apoptosis in human osteoblasts and osteoclasts. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms of the untoward effect of BPA against bone metabolism. The present review gives an overview on the possible mechanisms of BPA towards bone loss. The previous literature shows that BPA exerts its toxic effect on bone cells by binding to the oestrogen related receptor-gamma (ERγ), reducing the bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities. BPA interrupts the bone metabolism via RANKL, apoptosis and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. It is, however, still debated on the exact underlying mechanism of BPA against bone health. We summarised the molecular evidences with possible mechanisms of BPA, an old environmental culprit, in bone loss and enlightened the underlying understanding of adverse action of BPA in the society.

Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones/drug effects*; Bone and Bones/metabolism; Bone and Bones/pathology
Fulltext Lactobacillus helveticus (ATCC 27558) upregulates Runx2 and Bmp2 and modulates bone mineral density in ovariectomy-induced bone loss rats

Parvaneh M, Karimi G, Jamaluddin R, Ng MH, Zuriati I, Muhammad SI

Clin Interv Aging, 2018;13:1555-1564.
PMID: 30214175 DOI: 10.2147/CIA.S169223

Purpose: Osteoporosis is one of the major health concerns among the elderly population, especially in postmenopausal women. Many menopausal women over 50 years of age lose their bone density and suffer bone fractures. In addition, many mortality and morbidity cases among the elderly are related to hip fracture. This study aims to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus helveticus (L. helveticus) on bone health status among ovariectomized (OVX) bone loss-induced rats.
Methods: The rats were either OVX or sham OVX (sham), then were randomly assigned into three groups, G1: sham, G2: OVX and G3: OVX+L. helveticus (1 mL of 108-109 colony forming units). The supplementation was force-fed to the rats once a day for 16 weeks while control groups were force-fed with demineralized water.
Results: L. helveticus upregulated the expression of Runx2 and Bmp2, increased serum osteocalcin, bone volume/total volume and trabecular thickness, and decreased serum C-terminal telopeptide and total porosity percentage. It also altered bone microstructure, as a result increasing bone mineral density and bone strength.
Conclusion: Our results indicate that L. helveticus attenuates bone remodeling and consequently improves bone health in OVX rats by increasing bone formation along with bone resorption reduction. This study suggests a potential therapeutic effect of L. helveticus (ATCC 27558) on postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones/metabolism
Fulltext Role of medicinal plants and natural products on osteoporotic fracture healing

Abd Jalil MA, Shuid AN, Muhammad N

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2012;2012:714512.
PMID: 22973405 DOI: 10.1155/2012/714512

Popularly known as "the silent disease" since early symptoms are usually absent, osteoporosis causes progressive bone loss, which renders the bones susceptible to fractures. Bone fracture healing is a complex process consisting of four overlapping phases-hematoma formation, inflammation, repair, and remodeling. The traditional use of natural products in bone fractures means that phytochemicals can be developed as potential therapy for reducing fracture healing period. Located closely near the equator, Malaysia has one of the world's largest rainforests, which are homes to exotic herbs and medicinal plants. Eurycoma longifolia (Tongkat Ali), Labisia pumila (Kacip Fatimah), and Piper sarmentosum (Kaduk) are some examples of the popular ethnic herbs, which have been used in the Malay traditional medicine. This paper focuses on the use of natural products for treating fracture as a result of osteoporosis and expediting its healing.

Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones

Filters

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links