Displaying publications 81 - 100 of 1783 in total

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  1. Fulltext Twelve-month evaluation of the atraumatic restorative treatment approach for class III restorations: An interventional study
    Shivanna MM, Ganesh S, Khanagar SB, Naik S, Divakar DD, Al-Kheraif AA, et al.
    World J Clin Cases, 2020 Sep 26;8(18):3999-4009.
    PMID: 33024756 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i18.3999
    BACKGROUND: Atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) may be appropriate for populations without accessibility and affordability. More data are required regarding the success rate of ART in anterior teeth.

    AIM: To evaluate the clinical performance of restoring class III cavities in anterior teeth of permanent dentition using the ART approach.

    METHODS: A longitudinal interventional field study was carried out at two rural primary health centers, Tumkur district, India. A total of 54 teeth in 39 patients were evaluated for the survival rate of class III restorations in permanent anterior teeth using the ART approach in children and adult populations. Evaluation of ART restoration was carried out using Frencken J criteria, the mean procedure time, patient acceptance and reported pain severity during the ART approach were evaluated using a visual analog scale. Calculation of the cost of ART was also performed.

    RESULTS: The mean time taken to perform the ART procedure was 14.79 ± 5.8 min with the majority of patients reporting only mild pain. At 6 mo follow-up, 72.2% remained in a good state, but this reduced to 27% at 12 mo. The cumulative survival rate of the restorations was 94.4% at 6 mo and 80.9% at 12 mo follow-up. Estimation of the direct cost for a single class III restoration was 186.50 INR (2.64 USD).

    CONCLUSION: ART may be a good comprehensive option for basic oral health care for underserved or inaccessible populations, and preventive care for patients.

    Matched MeSH terms: India
  2. Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia [duplicate2]
    Pallister RA
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1951;44:756.
    DOI: 10.1016/0035-9203(51)90012-0
    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology
  3. Tropical medicine and industrial development
    Waddy BB
    J Trop Med Hyg, 1974 Apr;77(4):s:19-21.
    PMID: 4841357
    Matched MeSH terms: India
  4. Trichuriasis in Malaya
    Pallister RA
    Malayan Medical Journal, 1933;8:303-5.
    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology
  5. Fulltext Trends in post osteoporotic hip fracture care from 2010 to 2014 in a private hospital in Malaysia
    Yeap SS, Nur Fazirah MFR, Nur Aisyah C, Zahari Sham SY, Samsudin IN, C Thambiah S, et al.
    Osteoporos Sarcopenia, 2017 Jun;3(2):112-116.
    PMID: 30775514 DOI: 10.1016/j.afos.2017.05.001
    Objective: Following an osteoporotic fracture, pharmacological treatment is recommended to increase bone mineral density and prevent future fractures. However, the rate of starting treatment after an osteoporotic hip fracture remains low. The objective of this study was to survey the treatment rate following a low-trauma hip fracture at a tertiary private hospital in Malaysia over a period of 5 years.

    Methods: The computerised hospital discharge records were searched using the terms "hip," "femur," "femoral," "trochanteric," "fracture," or "total hip replacement" for all patients over the age of 50, admitted between 2010 and 2014. The medical charts were obtained and manually searched for demographic data and treatment information. Hip operations done for non-low-trauma-related fracture and arthritis were excluded.

    Results: Three hundred seventy patients over the age of 50 years were admitted with a hip fracture, of which 258 (69.7%) were low trauma, presumed osteoporotic, hip fractures. The median age was 79.0 years (interquartile range [IQR], 12.0). Following a hip fracture, 36.8% (95 of 258) of the patients received treatment, but out of these, 24.2% (23 of 95) were on calcium/vitamin D only. The median duration of treatment was 1 month (IQR, 2.5). In 2010, 56.7% of the patients received treatment, significantly more than subsequent years 2011-2014, where approximately only 30% received treatment.

    Conclusions: Following a low-trauma hip fracture, approximately 72% of patients were not started on active antiosteoporosis therapy. Of those who were, the median duration of treatment was 1 month. This represents a missed opportunity for the prevention of future fractures.
    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology
  6. Trends in food waste valorization for the production of chemicals, materials and fuels: Case study South and Southeast Asia
    Ong KL, Kaur G, Pensupa N, Uisan K, Lin CSK
    Bioresour Technol, 2018 Jan;248(Pt A):100-112.
    PMID: 28662903 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.06.076
    Staggering amounts of food waste are being generated in Asia by means of agricultural processing, food transportation and storage, and human food consumption activities. This along with the recent sustainable development goals of food security, environmental protection, and energy efficiency are the key drivers for food waste valorization. The aim of this review is to provide an insight on the latest trends in food waste valorization in Asian countries such as India, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia. Landfilling, incineration, and composting are the first-generation food waste processing technologies. The advancement of valorisation alternatives to tackle the food waste issue is the focus of this review. Furthermore, a series of examples of key food waste valorization schemes in this Asian region as case studies to demonstrate the advancement in bioconversions in these countries are described. Finally, important legislation aspects for food waste disposal in these Asian countries are also reported.
    Matched MeSH terms: India
  7. Fulltext Trends in coronary heart disease mortality in Singapore
    Emmanuel SC
    Singapore Med J, 1989 Feb;30(1):17-23.
    PMID: 2595383
    Coronary heart disease which was responsible for 2.9% of all deaths 30 years ago, today accounts for 19% of deaths. The rising trend which declined in 1985, appears to be stabilising now. Indians have mortality rates which are 3 times that of Chinese. This is the background against which the Singapore Myocardial Infarction Register was set up in 1967 to provide incidence and prevalence data for coronary heart disease in the country. in 1987 to provide incidence and prevalence data for coronary heart disease in the country.
    Key words: Coronary heart disease mortality, Age standardised death rates, Ethnic differences, Singapore Myocardial Infarction Register
    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology
  8. Trends and ethnic differences in hospital admissions and mortality for congestive heart failure in the elderly in Singapore, 1991 to 1998
    Ng TP, Niti M
    Heart, 2003 Aug;89(8):865-70.
    PMID: 12860859
    To describe trends in hospital admissions and mortality from congestive heart failure in the elderly population aged 65 years and over in Singapore, 1991 to 1998.
    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology
  9. Treatment of cystic tumours with sclerosing liquid
    Samuel J
    Malayan Medical Journal, 1935;10:19-20.
    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology
  10. Fulltext Treatment of Seborrhoeic Dermatitis in Asia: A Consensus Guide
    Cheong WK, Yeung CK, Torsekar RG, Suh DH, Ungpakorn R, Widaty S, et al.
    Skin Appendage Disord, 2016 May;1(4):187-96.
    PMID: 27386464 DOI: 10.1159/000444682
    Seborrhoeic dermatitis (SD) is common in Asia. Its prevalence is estimated to be 1-5% in adults. However, larger population-based studies into the epidemiology of SD in Asia are lacking, and the aetiology of SD may differ widely from Western countries and in different parts of Asia. In addition, clinically significant differences between Asian and Caucasian skin have been reported. There is a need to define standardized clinical diagnostic criteria and/or a grading system to help determine appropriate treatments for SD within Asia. With this in mind, experts from India, South Korea, Taiwan, Malaysia, Vietnam, Singapore, Thailand, the Philippines, Indonesia, and Italy convened to define the landscape of SD in Asia at a meeting held in Singapore. The consensus group developed a comprehensive algorithm to aid clinicians to recommend appropriate treatment of SD in both adults and children. In most cases, satisfactory therapeutic results can be accomplished with topical antifungal agents or topical corticosteroids. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents with antifungal properties have been shown to be a viable option for both acute and maintenance therapy.
    Matched MeSH terms: India
  11. Traumatic rupture of the liver; laparatomy; recovery
    Taylor LH
    Lancet, 1914;184:1197-8.
    DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)97769-9
    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology
  12. Transposition of the viscera
    Monteiro ES
    Journal of the Malaya Branch of the British Medical Association, 1940;4:303-13.
    1. Three cases of situs inversus are described and the clinical and aetiological factors are discussed briefly.
    2. This abnormality occurring in father and son whose family history indicates a great degree of consaguinity seems to support the view held by Cockayne that it is a recessive inheritance.
    3. Situs inversus when complete seems to cause no disability. When incomplete as in examples of isolated dextrocardia, congenital heart diseases are commonly seen in association with it. Other congenital malformations may also co-exist. Recently the syndrome of hypertrophic rhinitis, nasal polyposis and sinusitis and bronchiectasis have been encountered in association with transposition of the viscera.
    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology
  13. Fulltext Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Children: A Study of Contacts of Index Paediatric Cases in India
    Gupta N, Saravu K, Varma M, Pm A, Shetty S, Umakanth S
    J Trop Pediatr, 2021 01 29;67(1).
    PMID: 33280033 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/fmaa081
    The susceptibility of children to coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) and transmission of COVID-19 from children to others is a relatively unexplored area. The aim of this study was to understand the transmission dynamics of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in children. This was a retrospective observational study where a total of 19 paediatric index cases (including a set of twins) with COVID-19 and 42 primary contacts (adults-36, paediatric-6) from the immediate family members were included. All the index cases and four of the five positive contacts were asymptomatic. Despite adults staying with positive children in the same vehicle, same room in the quarantine centre and the same ward, only four of the parents became positive.
    Matched MeSH terms: India/epidemiology
  14. Translational aspects of genetic factors in the prediction of drug response variability: a case study of warfarin pharmacogenomics in a multi-ethnic cohort from Asia
    Chan SL, Suo C, Lee SC, Goh BC, Chia KS, Teo YY
    Pharmacogenomics J, 2012 Aug;12(4):312-8.
    PMID: 21383771 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2011.7
    Genetic markers displaying highly significant statistical associations with complex phenotypes may not necessarily possess sufficient clinical validity to be useful. Understanding the contribution of these markers beyond readily available clinical biomarkers is particularly important in pharmacogenetics. We demonstrate the utility of genetic testing using the example of warfarin in a multi-ethnic setting comprising of three Asian populations that are broadly representative of the genetic diversity for half of the population in the world, especially as distinct interethnic differences in warfarin dose requirements have been previously established. We confirmed the roles of three well-established loci (CYP2C9, VKORC1 and CYP4F2) in explaining warfarin dosage variation in the three Asian populations. In addition, we assessed the relationship between ethnicity and the genotypes of these loci, observing strong correlations at VKORC1 and CYP4F2. Subsequently, we established the additional utility of these genetic factors in predicting warfarin dose beyond ethnicity and clinical biomarkers through performing a series of systematic cross-validation analyses of the relative predictive accuracies of various fixed-dose regimen, clinical and genetic models. Through a pharmacogenetics model for warfarin, we show the importance of genetic testing beyond readily available clinical biomarkers in predicting dose requirements, confirming the role of genetic profiling in personalized medicine.
    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology
  15. Fulltext Transient hyperthyroidism of hyperemesis gravidarum
    Tan JYL, Loh KC, Yeo GSH, Chee YC
    BJOG, 2002 Jun;109(6):683-8.
    PMID: 12118648
    OBJECTIVE: To characterise the clinical, biochemical and thyroid antibody profile in women with transient hyperthyroidism of hyperemesis gravidarum.
    DESIGN: Prospective observational study.
    SETTING: Hospital inpatient gynaecological ward.
    POPULATION: Women admitted with hyperemesis gravidarum and found to have hyperthyroidism.
    METHODS: Fifty-three women were admitted with hyperemesis gravidarum and were found to have hyperthyroidism. Each woman was examined for clinical signs of thyroid disease and underwent investigations including urea, creatinine, electrolytes, liver function test, thyroid antibody profile and serial thyroid function test until normalisation.
    MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Gestation at which thyroid function normalised, clinical and thyroid antibody profile and pregnancy outcome (birthweight, gestation at delivery and Apgar score at 5 minutes).
    RESULTS: Full data were available for 44 women. Free T4 levels normalised by 15 weeks of gestation in the 39 women with transient hyperthyroidism while TSH remained suppressed until 19 weeks of gestation. None of these women were clinically hyperthyroid. Thyroid antibodies were not found in most of them. Median birthweight in the infants of mothers who experienced weight loss of > 5% of their pre-pregnancy weight was lower compared with those of women who did not (P = 0.093). Five women were diagnosed with Graves' disease based on clinical features and thyroid antibody profile.
    CONCLUSIONS: In transient hyperthyroidism of hyperemesis gravidarum, thyroid function normalises by the middle of the second trimester without anti-thyroid treatment. Clinically overt hyperthyroidism and thyroid antibodies are usually absent. Apart from a non-significant trend towards lower birthweights in the infants of mothers who experienced significant weight loss, pregnancy outcome was generally good. Routine assessment of thyroid function is unnecessary for women with hyperemesis gravidarum in the absence of any clinical features of hyperthyroidism.
    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology
  16. Transgender health in India and Pakistan
    Ming LC, Hadi MA, Khan TM
    Lancet, 2016 11 26;388(10060):2601-2602.
    PMID: 27894657 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)32222-X
    Matched MeSH terms: India
  17. Fulltext Transcutaneous bilirubinometry in Malay, Chinese and Indian term neonates
    Boo NY, Abu Bakar A
    Med J Malaysia, 1984 Mar;39(1):35-7.
    PMID: 6513837
    The transcutaneous (Tc) bilirubinometer was evaluated in 105 jaundiced neonates, comprising 38 Malays, 37 Chinese and 30 Indians, who had not been treated with phototherapy or exchange transfusion. Tc bilirubin index and serum bilirubin concentration correlated at statistically significant levels in all the three racial groups. Unlike the Chinese and Malay babies, the action levels, using Tc bilirubin index, in the Indian babies are not reliable due to the wide variation of skin pigmentation. Neonatal jaundice is conventionally monitored by estimation of serum bilirubin level. This involves blood sampling. The transcutaneous (Tc) bilirubinometer, however, is non-invasive, small and portable. In this study, the use of the Tc bilirubinometer in the management of neonatal jaundice' in the three racial groups was evaluated.
    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology
  18. Transcultural adaptation of interpersonal psychotherapy in Asia
    Stuart S, Pereira XV, Chung JP
    Asia Pac Psychiatry, 2021 Mar;13(1):e12439.
    PMID: 33089661 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12439
    Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) has been utilized with great efficacy and effectiveness across many cultural settings. The attachment theory upon which IPT rests provides a strong foundation for IPT cross-culturally: regardless of their geographic location, people are people and their relationships are important. Though the structure of families and individual social roles varies greatly across cultures, people relate to one another. They become distressed when they have problems with interpersonal conflict, change, and loss of relationships. In this article, we review the basics of IPT and then describe the ways in which cultural adaptations can be made for people in Asia. Both are large tasks-to summarize IPT concisely while providing sufficient information is difficult; describing cultural adaptions for people in geographical areas from Russia to China to India to Southeast and Central Asia and all of the ethnic and language groups that area includes is nigh well impossible within a review article. Thus we have restricted our cultural overview to areas in which we have experience clinically and in which we have been active with IPT training, supervision, and implementation. All of the work we describe, however, elaborate on the principles of cultural adaptations which can be used to implement IPT in other local contexts.
    Matched MeSH terms: India
  19. Fulltext Transcriptome Profiling of the Resistance Response of Musa acuminata subsp. burmannicoides, var. Calcutta 4 to Pseudocercospora musae
    Pinheiro TDM, Rego ECS, Alves GSC, Fonseca FCA, Cotta MG, Antonino JD, et al.
    Int J Mol Sci, 2022 Nov 05;23(21).
    PMID: 36362377 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113589
    Banana (Musa spp.), which is one of the world's most popular and most traded fruits, is highly susceptible to pests and diseases. Pseudocercospora musae, responsible for Sigatoka leaf spot disease, is a principal fungal pathogen of Musa spp., resulting in serious economic damage to cultivars in the Cavendish subgroup. The aim of this study was to characterize genetic components of the early immune response to P. musae in Musa acuminata subsp. burmannicoides, var. Calcutta 4, a resistant wild diploid. Leaf RNA samples were extracted from Calcutta 4 three days after inoculation with fungal conidiospores, with paired-end sequencing conducted in inoculated and non-inoculated controls using lllumina HiSeq 4000 technology. Following mapping to the reference M. acuminata ssp. malaccensis var. Pahang genome, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and expression representation analyzed on the basis of gene ontology enrichment, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes orthology and MapMan pathway analysis. Sequence data mapped to 29,757 gene transcript models in the reference Musa genome. A total of 1073 DEGs were identified in pathogen-inoculated cDNA libraries, in comparison to non-inoculated controls, with 32% overexpressed. GO enrichment analysis revealed common assignment to terms that included chitin binding, chitinase activity, pattern binding, oxidoreductase activity and transcription factor (TF) activity. Allocation to KEGG pathways revealed DEGs associated with environmental information processing, signaling, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides. With 144 up-regulated DEGs potentially involved in biotic stress response pathways, including genes involved in cell wall reinforcement, PTI responses, TF regulation, phytohormone signaling and secondary metabolism, data demonstrated diverse early-stage defense responses to P. musae. With increased understanding of the defense responses occurring during the incompatible interaction in resistant Calcutta 4, these data are appropriate for the development of effective disease management approaches based on genetic improvement through introgression of candidate genes in superior cultivars.
    Matched MeSH terms: India
  20. Traditional midwives and family planning in Asia
    Rogers EM, Solomon DS
    Stud Fam Plann, 1975 May;6(5):126-33.
    PMID: 1145693 DOI: 10.2307/1964747
    The objectives of this article are (1) review the contribution of traditional midwives to family planning communication in several Asian countries; (2) organize knowledge gathered from various studies into general guidelines for the most effective use of traditional midwives in family planning programs; and (3) present hypotheses for future research. In certain countries where pilot projects have tested the potential performance of traditional midwives in family planning programs, results have been encouraging. In other nations, more research is needed to determine the contribution traditional midwives can make to the family planning program.
    PIP: Traditional midwives are found in almost every village and in many urban neighborhoods in the developing world, delivering the majority of births in these areas. Several Asian nations have begun to recognize the potential contribution of traditional midwives to modern family planning and health programs. A total of about 17,000 traditional midwives have been trained as family planning recruiters in Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand. Because traditional midwives deliver a large number of births in Asian nations, the potential is great for them to reach large numbers of women regarding family planning -- particularly poor, illiterate women. There is much to be learned from the traditional health system and governmental health and family planning programs should join hands with these older systems.
    Matched MeSH terms: India
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