MyMedR

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) neurofeedback: implementations and applications

Dewiputri WI, Auer T

Malays J Med Sci, 2013 Oct;20(5):5-15.

Neurofeedback (NFB) allows subjects to learn how to volitionally influence the neuronal activation in the brain by employing real-time neural activity as feedback. NFB has already been performed with electroencephalography (EEG) since the 1970s. Functional MRI (fMRI), offering a higher spatial resolution, has further increased the spatial specificity. In this paper, we briefly outline the general principles behind NFB, the implementation of fMRI-NFB studies, the feasibility of fMRI-NFB, and the application of NFB as a supplementary therapy tool.

Matched MeSH terms: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Fulltext A Rare Presentation of Spinal Schwannoma Causing Conus Medullaris Syndrome: A Case Series on Surgical Outcome

Khan ESKBM, Thean CAP, Zakaria ZB, Awang MSB, Karupiah RK, Awang MB

J Orthop Case Rep, 2020;10(2):101-105.

PMID: 32953668 DOI: 10.13107/jocr.2020.v10.i02.1718

Introduction: Spinal schwannoma can occur anywhere along the spinal cord but is predominantly seen in the cervical and thoracic region.It composes mainly of well-differentiated schwann cell and is benign in nature. It is typically seen in the peripheral nerves and is commonly associated with neurofibromatosis. Up to 80% of cases, spinal schwannoma is reported to be intradural in location and 15% of cases have both intradural and extradural components. Spinal schwannoma rarely causes conus medullaris syndrome.

Case Report: In this case series, all three female patients in their 4th and 5th decades of life presented with conus medullaris syndrome. Lower back pain, radiculopathy, lower limb weakness, and urinary incontinence are their main clinical presentation. Magnetic resonance imaging shows a well-defined intradural, extramedullary mass compressing onto the conus medullary region. These patients undergone microscopic assisted excision of the tumor and had remarkably good early outcome despite the advanced presentation of neurological deficit.

Conclusion: Despite the late presentation with significant neurological deficit, surgical excision of spinal schwannomas carries a good prognosis postoperatively due to their benign nature and extramedullary location.

Matched MeSH terms: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

MRI findings of penile paraffinoma

Majedah S, Hanafiah M, Awang MK

BMJ Case Rep, 2014;2014.

PMID: 25406214 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2014-205448

Matched MeSH terms: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Fulltext Case report: a rare case of pediatric conus medularis glioblastoma multiforme

Gee TS, Ghani ARI, Idris B, Awang MS

Med J Malaysia, 2012 Aug;67(4):438-41.

PMID: 23082462 MyJurnal

Matched MeSH terms: Magnetic Resonance Imaging*

Immobilization of cobalt(III) Schiff base complexes onto Montmorillonite-K10: Synthesis, experimental and theoretical structural determination

Kianfar AH, Kamil Mahmood WA, Dinari M, Farrokhpour H, Enteshari M, Azarian MH

Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc, 2015 Feb 05;136 Pt C:1582-92.

PMID: 25459719 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.10.051

The [Co(naphophen)(PPh3)(OH2)]ClO4 and [Co(naphophen)(PBu3)(OH2)]BF4 (where naphophen=bis(naphthaldehyde)1,2-phenylenediimine) complexes were synthesized and chracterized by FT-IR, UV-Vis, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis techniques. The coordination geometry of the synthesized complexes were determined by X-ray crystallography. Cobalt (III) complexes have six-coordinated pseudo-octahedral geometry in which the O(1), O(2), N(1) and N(2) atoms of the Schiff base forms the equatorial plane. These complexes showed a dimeric structure via hydrogen bonding between the phenolate oxygen and the hydrogens of the coordinated H2O molecule. The theoretical calculations were also performed to optimize the structure of the complexes in the gas phase to confirm the structures proposed by X-ray crystallography. In addition, UV-Visible and IR spectra of complexes were calculated and compared with the corresponding experimental spectra to complete the experimental structural identification. The synthesized complexes were incorporated onto the Montmorillonite-K10 nanoclay via simple ion-exchange reaction. The structure and morphology of the obtained nanohybrids were identified by FT-IR, XRD, TGA/DTA, SEM and TEM techniques. Based on the XRD results of the new nanohybrid materials, the Schiff base complexes were intercalated in the interlayer spaces of clay. SEM and TEM micrographs of the clay/complex shows that the resulting hybrid nanomaterials has layer structures.

Matched MeSH terms: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Fulltext Paravertebral Abscess Caused By Bukholderia Pseudomallei In

Ahmad, S., Azura, L., Duski, S., Aziz, M.Y.

Malays Orthop J, 2009;3(1):88-90.

MyJurnal

A 53-year-old Malay man was admitted with intestinal obstruction, fever and lower limb weakness. Initial clinical impression was myelitis causing paralytic ilues and paraperesis. Blood culture showed Burkholderia pseudomallei infection and subsequent MRI showed paravertebral abscess. This case highlights a rare manifestation of melioidosis involving the spine and difficulties in establishing the diagnosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Cellulose supported magnetic nanohybrids: Synthesis, physicomagnetic properties and biomedical applications-A review

Haniffa MACM, Munawar K, Chee CY, Pramanik S, Halilu A, Illias HA, et al.

Carbohydr Polym, 2021 Sep 01;267:118136.

PMID: 34119125 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118136

Cellulose and its forms are widely used in biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability and lack of cytotoxicity. It provides ample opportunities for the functionalization of supported magnetic nanohybrids (CSMNs). Because of the abundance of surface hydroxyl groups, they are surface tunable in either homogeneous or heterogeneous solvents and thus act as a substrate or template for the CSMNs' development. The present review emphasizes on the synthesis of various CSMNs, their physicomagnetic properties, and potential applications such as stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems, MRI, enzyme encapsulation, nucleic acid extraction, wound healing and tissue engineering. The impact of CSMNs on cytotoxicity, magnetic hyperthermia, and folate-conjugates is highlighted in particular, based on their structures, cell viability, and stability. Finally, the review also discussed the challenges and prospects of CSMNs' development. This review is expected to provide CSMNs' development roadmap in the context of 21st-century demands for biomedical therapeutics.

Matched MeSH terms: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Comparison study of growth plate fusion using MRI versus plain radiographs as used in age determination for exclusion of overaged football players

George J, Nagendran J, Azmi K

Br J Sports Med, 2012 Mar;46(4):273-8.

PMID: 21173009 DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2010.074948

MRI of distal radius fusion is currently being used in the U17 World Cup to exclude overaged players. Developing countries that cannot afford to perform MRI on their players are using plain radiographs based on the same MRI criteria of fusion.

Matched MeSH terms: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Intraoperative ultrasound with palpation is still superior to intra-arterial calcium stimulation test in localising insulinoma

Wong M, Isa SH, Zahiah M, Azmi KN

World J Surg, 2007 Mar;31(3):586-92.

PMID: 17322973

This study assessed the sensitivities of preoperative localisation modalities such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), arteriography and arterial stimulation venous sampling (ASVS) using serum insulin and C-peptide gradients to intraoperative techniques in localising insulin-secreting tumours in our institution.

Matched MeSH terms: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Fulltext Posterior reversible encephalopathy in undiagnosed systemic lupus erythematous: a case report

Sulaiman W, Husin NM, Baba MS

Oman Med J, 2011 Nov;26(6):e026.

PMID: 28861180 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2011.119

A 33-year old Malay woman with undiagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other comorbids presented with acute glomerularnephritis, hypertensive emergency and later acute confusional state. Cranial MRI revealed features consistent with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES).

Matched MeSH terms: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

An NMR-compatible microfluidic platform enabling in situ electrochemistry

Davoodi H, Nordin N, Bordonali L, Korvink JG, MacKinnon N, Badilita V

Lab Chip, 2020 08 26;20(17):3202-3212.

PMID: 32734975 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00364f

Combining microfluidic devices with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has the potential of unlocking their vast sample handling and processing operation space for use with the powerful analytics provided by NMR. One particularly challenging class of integrated functional elements from the perspective of NMR are conductive structures. Metallic electrodes could be used for electrochemical sample interaction for example, yet they can cause severe NMR spectral and SNR degradation. These issues are more entangled at the micro-scale since the distorted volume occupies a higher ratio of the sample volume. In this study, a combination of simulation and experimental validation was used to identify an electrode geometry that, in terms of NMR spectral parameters, performs as well as for the case when no electrodes are present. By placing the metal tracks in the side-walls of a microfluidic channel, we found that NMR RF excitation performance was actually enhanced, without compromising B0 homogeneity. Monitoring in situ deposition of chitosan in the microfluidic platform is presented as a proof-of-concept demonstration of NMR characterisation of an electrochemical process.

Matched MeSH terms: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Structured Imaging Approach for Viral Encephalitis

Ramli NM, Bae YJ

Neuroimaging Clin N Am, 2023 Feb;33(1):43-56.

PMID: 36404046 DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2022.07.002

MR imaging is essential in diagnosing viral encephalitis. Clinical features, cerebrospinal fluid analysis and pathogen confirmation by polymerase chain reaction can be supported by assessing imaging features. MR imaging patterns with typical locations can identify pathogens such as temporal lobe for herpes simplex virus type 1; bilateral thalami for Japanese encephalitis and influenza virus ; and brainstem for enterovirus and rabies. In this article, we have reviewed representative viral encephalitis and its MR imaging patterns. In addition, we also presented acute viral encephalitis without typical MR imaging patterns, such as dengue and varicella-zoster virus encephalitis.

Matched MeSH terms: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Fulltext Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) Presenting with Bilateral Optic Neuritis

Sapuan S, Basri H

Malays J Med Sci, 2007 Jan;14(1):71-4.

PMID: 22593657 MyJurnal

A 43-year old lady presented with progressive loss of vision in both eyes followed by rapid deterioration of consciousness within the next few days. This was preceded by a viral infection one week before her presentation. At presentation she had evidence of meningism and signs of bilateral upper motor neuron lesions and was managed initially as acute meningoencephalitis with antibiotics. The brain CT was within normal limits but subsequent MRI of the brain revealed multiple foci of hyperintense lesions on T2-weighted and FLAIR images. The cerebrospinal fluid examination revealed lymphocytosis, and normal protein and glucose levels. Cultures of the CSF were negative. She was managed as acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) with high-dose of intravenous methlyprednisolone one gram/day for three consecutive days followed by oral prednisolone 60 mg/day. Despite the management she lapsed into coma and succumbed to her illness nine days after admission.

Matched MeSH terms: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

A young lady with thalamic stroke mimicking acute Miller Fisher syndrome

Hasan S, Stanslas J, Hin LP, Basri HB

Neurosciences (Riyadh), 2012 Oct;17(4):380-1.

PMID: 23022907

Matched MeSH terms: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Fulltext Phaeochromocytoma during pregnancy: ultrasound and MRI appearances

Puvaneswary M, Beckhouse M

Med J Malaysia, 1992 Mar;47(1):81-5.

PMID: 1387457

Matched MeSH terms: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Fulltext A Unified Framework for Brain Segmentation in MR Images

Yazdani S, Yusof R, Karimian A, Riazi AH, Bennamoun M

Comput Math Methods Med, 2015;2015:829893.

PMID: 26089978 DOI: 10.1155/2015/829893

Brain MRI segmentation is an important issue for discovering the brain structure and diagnosis of subtle anatomical changes in different brain diseases. However, due to several artifacts brain tissue segmentation remains a challenging task. The aim of this paper is to improve the automatic segmentation of brain into gray matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid in magnetic resonance images (MRI). We proposed an automatic hybrid image segmentation method that integrates the modified statistical expectation-maximization (EM) method and the spatial information combined with support vector machine (SVM). The combined method has more accurate results than what can be achieved with its individual techniques that is demonstrated through experiments on both real data and simulated images. Experiments are carried out on both synthetic and real MRI. The results of proposed technique are evaluated against manual segmentation results and other methods based on real T1-weighted scans from Internet Brain Segmentation Repository (IBSR) and simulated images from BrainWeb. The Kappa index is calculated to assess the performance of the proposed framework relative to the ground truth and expert segmentations. The results demonstrate that the proposed combined method has satisfactory results on both simulated MRI and real brain datasets.

Matched MeSH terms: Magnetic Resonance Imaging/statistics & numerical data*

Pregnancy-associated osteoporosis: a UK case series and literature review

Hardcastle SA, Yahya F, Bhalla AK

Osteoporos Int, 2019 May;30(5):939-948.

PMID: 30671611 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-019-04842-w

Mini Abstract: Pregnancy-associated osteoporosis (PAO) is a rare syndrome affecting women during late pregnancy and the early postpartum period. We set out to review the clinical features of ten cases of PAO from a single UK centre. Patients had attended the Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Bath (RNHRD) between January 2000 and June 2016. The principal criterion for inclusion was the occurrence of low trauma fractures either during pregnancy or the immediate post-partum period. Data were obtained from retrospective review of medical notes. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (Hologic ®Discovery system) at the lumbar spine and hip. Data pertaining to the pregnancy, as well as type and duration of treatment received, were reviewed. All ten cases presented with vertebral fractures. In four patients, no risk factors for fracture other than pregnancy or breastfeeding could be identified. Four patients were found to have vitamin D insufficiency at the time of diagnosis, and a further two patients had received treatment with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). In one case, further investigation led to a diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) confirmed on genetic testing. In terms of treatment, eight out of the ten patients in this series received a bisphosphonate, most commonly risedronate due to its relatively short skeletal retention time. Clinicians should be aware of PAO, a rare but recognised complication of pregnancy. The condition should be especially considered in women presenting with new onset back pain in pregnancy or the postpartum period.

Matched MeSH terms: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Fulltext Transient Osteoporosis of the Hip: A Case Report

Pande K, Aung TT, Leong JF, Bickle I

Malays Orthop J, 2017 Mar;11(1):77-78.

PMID: 28435582 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1703.012

Transient osteoporosis of the hip (TOH) is a benign, selflimiting condition characterised by acute onset groin pain in adults. Early diagnosis is important to differentiate it from progressive conditions such as osteonecrosis. We report on a middle-aged male who presented with right groin pain without any prior trauma. The diagnosis of transient osteoporosis of hip was confirmed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and he was successfully treated with a course of Alendronate sodium, anti-inflammatory analgesics and a period of non-weight bearing ambulation.

Matched MeSH terms: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Parasitic worms of the central nervous system: an Australian perspective

Hughes AJ, Biggs BA

Intern Med J, 2002 Nov;32(11):541-53.

PMID: 12412938

The diagnosis and management of parasitic diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) is difficult, even for infectious diseases physicians and neurologists. Furthermore, few overviews of the spectrum of causative helminths and clinical syndromes have been published. In the present study, we review the seven most common parasitic diseases of the CNS: (i) cysticercosis, (ii) neuroschistosomiasis, (iii) paragonimiasis, (iv) angiostrongyliasis, (v) hydatid disease, (vi) sparganosis and (vii) gnathostomiasis. Major syndromes of parasitic disease of the CNS and their differential causes are discussed, including: (i) cystic lesions, (ii) enhancing granulomas (with and without creeping subcutaneous eruptions), (iii) eosinophilic meningoencephalitis and (iv) spinal cord disease. Specific risk factors that predispose to these infections are also discussed and particular attention is drawn to the situation in Australia.

Matched MeSH terms: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Fulltext Improved Reconstruction of MR Scanned Images by Using a Dictionary Learning Scheme

Ikram S, Shah JA, Zubair S, Qureshi IM, Bilal M

Sensors (Basel), 2019 Apr 23;19(8).

PMID: 31018597 DOI: 10.3390/s19081918

The application of compressed sensing (CS) to biomedical imaging is sensational since it permits a rationally accurate reconstruction of images by exploiting the image sparsity. The quality of CS reconstruction methods largely depends on the use of various sparsifying transforms, such as wavelets, curvelets or total variation (TV), to recover MR images. As per recently developed mathematical concepts of CS, the biomedical images with sparse representation can be recovered from randomly undersampled data, provided that an appropriate nonlinear recovery method is used. Due to high under-sampling, the reconstructed images have noise like artifacts because of aliasing. Reconstruction of images from CS involves two steps, one for dictionary learning and the other for sparse coding. In this novel framework, we choose Simultaneous code word optimization (SimCO) patch-based dictionary learning that updates the atoms simultaneously, whereas Focal underdetermined system solver (FOCUSS) is used for sparse representation because of a soft constraint on sparsity of an image. Combining SimCO and FOCUSS, we propose a new scheme called SiFo. Our proposed alternating reconstruction scheme learns the dictionary, uses it to eliminate aliasing and noise in one stage, and afterwards restores and ﬁlls in the k-space data in the second stage. Experiments were performed using different sampling schemes with noisy and noiseless cases of both phantom and real brain images. Based on various performance parameters, it has been shown that our designed technique outperforms the conventional techniques, like K-SVD with OMP, used in dictionary learning based MRI (DLMRI) reconstruction.

Matched MeSH terms: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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