Displaying publications 81 - 100 of 1880 in total

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  1. Investigation of phytochemical composition and enzyme inhibitory potential of Anagallis arvensis L
    Saleem H, Zengin G, Locatelli M, Abidin SAZ, Ahemad N
    Nat Prod Res, 2021 Feb 08.
    PMID: 33550873 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1880404
    Anagallis arvensis L. commonly known as 'Scarlet Pimpernel' has been used in folklore as natural remedy for treating common ailments. The present research is aimed to explore the phytochemical composition and enzyme inhibition potential of methanol and dichloromethane (DCM) extracts of A. arvensis aerial and root parts. The phytochemical composition was established via HPLC-PDA polyphenolic quantification and UHPLC-MS analysis, while the inhibition potential against amylase and tyrosinase enzymes were assessed using standard in vitro protocols. The HPLC-PDA polyphenolic quantification revealed the presence of important compounds including catechin, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, and ferulic acid, whereas 34 different secondary metabolites were tentatively identified by UHPLC-MS of both the DCM extracts. All the extracts showed moderate tyrosinase and a weak amylase inhibition activity. The aerial-DCM extract showed comparatively higher tyrosinase and amylase enzyme inhibition potential, which may be due to the presence of secondary metabolites as tentatively identified by its UHPLC-MS profiling.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
  2. Multidirectional insights into the biochemical and toxicological properties of Bougainvillea glabra (Choisy.) aerial parts: A functional approach for bioactive compounds
    Saleem H, Zengin G, Ahmad I, Lee JTB, Htar TT, Mahomoodally FM, et al.
    J Pharm Biomed Anal, 2019 Jun 05;170:132-138.
    PMID: 30921647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.03.027
    The current research work was conducted in order to probe into the biochemical and toxicological characterisation of methanol and dichloromethane (DCM) extracts of Bougainvillea glabra (Choisy.) aerial parts. Biological fingerprints were assessed for in vitro antioxidant, key enzyme inhibitory and cytotoxicity potential. Total bioactive contents were determined spectrophotometrically and the secondary metabolite components of methanol extract was assessed by UHPLC mass spectrometric analysis. The antioxidant capabilities were evaluated via six different in vitro antioxidant assays namely DPPH, ABTS (free radical scavenging), FRAP, CUPRAC (reducing antioxidant power), phosphomolybdenum (total antioxidant capacity) and ferrous chelating activity. Inhibition potential against key enzymes urease, α-glucosidase and cholinesterases were also determined. Methanol extract exhibited higher phenolic (24.01 mg GAE/g extract) as well as flavonoid (41.51 mg QE/g extract) contents. Phytochemical profiling of methanol extract identified a total of twenty secondary metabolites and the major compounds belonged to flavonoids, phenolics and alkaloid derivatives. The findings of antioxidant assays revealed the methanol extract to exhibit stronger antioxidant (except phosphomolybdenum) activities. Similarly, the methanol extract showed highest butyrylcholinesterase and urease inhibition. The DCM extract was most active for phosphomolybdenum and α-glucosidase inhibition assays. Moreover, both extracts exhibited significant cytotoxic potential against five (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, CaSki, DU-145, and SW-480) human carcinoma cell lines with half maximal inhibitory concentration values of 22.09 to 257.2 μg/mL. Results from the present study highlighted the potential of B. glabra aerial extracts to be further explored in an endeavour to discover novel phytotherapeutics as well as functional ingredients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods
  3. Fulltext HPLC-PDA Polyphenolic Quantification, UHPLC-MS Secondary Metabolite Composition, and In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition Potential of Bougainvillea glabra
    Saleem H, Htar TT, Naidu R, Anwar S, Zengin G, Locatelli M, et al.
    Plants (Basel), 2020 Mar 20;9(3).
    PMID: 32245104 DOI: 10.3390/plants9030388
    The plants of the Bougainvillea genus are widely explored regarding nutritive and medicinal purposes. In this study, dichloromethane (DCM) and methanol (MeOH) extracts of Bougainvillea glabra (Choisy.) aerial and flower parts were analyzed for high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection (HPLC-PDA), ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) phytochemical composition, and enzyme inhibition potential against key enzymes involved in diabetes (α-amylase), skin problems (tyrosinase), and inflammatory disorders (lipoxygenase (LOX)). HPLC-PDA quantification revealed the identification of nine different polyphenolics, amongst which both flower extracts were richest. The flower MeOH extract contained the highest amount of catechin (6.31 μg/g), gallic acid (2.39 μg/g), and rutin (1.26 μg/g). However, none of the quantified compounds were detected in the aerial DCM extract. UHPLC-MS analysis of DCM extracts revealed the tentative identification of 27 secondary metabolites, where the most common belonged to terpenoid, alkaloid, and phenolic derivatives. Similarly, for enzyme inhibition, all the extracts presented moderate activity against tyrosinase and α-amylases, whereas, for LOX, both methanolic extracts showed higher percentage inhibition compared with DCM extracts. Based on our findings, B. glabra could be regarded as a perspective starting material for designing novel pharmaceuticals.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
  4. UHPLC-MS phytochemical profiling, biological propensities and in-silico studies of Alhagi maurorum roots: a medicinal herb with multifunctional properties
    Saleem H, Sarfraz M, Khan KM, Anwar MA, Zengin G, Ahmad I, et al.
    Drug Dev Ind Pharm, 2020 May;46(5):861-868.
    PMID: 32352878 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2020.1762199
    The biological, chemical, and in silico properties of methanol and dichloromethane (DCM) extracts of Alhagi maurorum roots with respect to the antioxidant, enzyme inhibition, and phytochemical composition were evaluated. Total bioactive contents were determined spectrophotometrically, and the individual secondary metabolites composition was assessed via ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) analysis. Antioxidant capacities were evaluated using a panoply of assays (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radical scavenging, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), cupric reducing antioxidant power (CUPRAC), phosphomolybdenum total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and metal chelating activity (MCA)). The enzyme inhibition potential was studied against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), α-amylase, α-glucosidase, tyrosinase, urease and lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes. The methanol extract was found to contain higher total phenolic (105.91 mg GAE/g extract) and flavonoid (2.27 mg RE/g extract) contents which can be correlated to its more substantial antioxidant potential as well as AChE, BChE, tyrosinase and α-glucosidase inhibition. However, the DCM extract was the most effective against α-amylase (1.86 mmol ACAE/g extract) enzyme inhibition. The UHPLC-MS analysis of methanol extract identified the tentative presence of a total of 18 secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, saponins, phenolic and terpenoid derivatives. Three compounds named emmotin A, luteolin 5,3'-dimethyl ether, and preferrugone were further investigated for their in silico molecular docking studies against the tested enzymes. The selected compounds were found to have higher binding interaction with AChE followed by BChE, α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and tyrosinase. The results of the present study have demonstrated A. mauroram to be considered as a lead source of natural antioxidant and enzyme inhibitor compounds.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods
  5. Fulltext Hot Press as a Sustainable Direct Recycling Technique of Aluminium: Mechanical Properties and Surface Integrity
    Yusuf NK, Lajis MA, Ahmad A
    Materials (Basel), 2017 Aug 03;10(8).
    PMID: 28771207 DOI: 10.3390/ma10080902
    Meltless recycling technique has been utilized to overcome the lack of primary resources, focusing on reducing the usage of energy and materials. Hot press was proposed as a novel direct recycling technique which results in astoundingly low energy usage in contrast with conventional recycling. The aim of this study is to prove the technical feasibility of this approach by characterizing the recycled samples. For this purpose, AA6061 aluminium chips were recycled by utilizing hot press process under various operating temperature (Ts = 430, 480, and 530 °C) and holding times (ts = 60, 90, and 120 min). The maximum mechanical properties of recycled chip are Ultimate tensile strength (UTS) = 266.78 MPa, Elongation to failure (ETF) = 16.129%, while, for surface integrity of the chips, the calculated microhardness is 81.744 HV, exhibited at Ts = 530 °C and ts = 120 min. It is comparable to theoretical AA6061 T4-temper where maximum UTS and microhardness is increased up to 9.27% and 20.48%, respectively. As the desired mechanical properties of forgings can only be obtained by means of a final heat treatment, T5-temper, aging after forging process was employed. Heat treated recycled billet AA6061 (T5-temper) are considered comparable with as-received AA6061 T6, where the value of microhardness (98.649 HV) at 175 °C and 120 min of aging condition was revealed to be greater than 3.18%. Although it is quite early to put a base mainly on the observations in experimental settings, the potential for significant improvement offered by the direct recycling methods for production aluminium scrap can be clearly demonstrated. This overtures perspectives for industrial development of solid state recycling processes as environmentally benign alternatives of current melting based practices.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pressure
  6. Fulltext The Beneficial Effects of Stingless Bee Honey from Heterotrigona itama against Metabolic Changes in Rats Fed with High-Carbohydrate and High-Fat Diet
    Ramli NZ, Chin KY, Zarkasi KA, Ahmad F
    Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2019 12 07;16(24).
    PMID: 31817937 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16244987
    Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of conditions including central obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension that increases the risk for cardiometabolic diseases. Kelulut honey (KH) produced by stingless honey bees has stronger antioxidant properties compared to other honey types and may be a functional food against MetS. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of KH in preventing metabolic changes in rats with MetS induced by high-carbohydrate and high-fat (HCHF) diet. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to the control (C), HCHF diet-induced MetS (S), and MetS supplemented with KH (K) groups. The K group was given KH (1 g/kg/day) for eight weeks. Compared to the control, the S group had significant higher omental fat mass, serum triglyceride, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressures, adipocyte area, and adipocyte perimeter (p < 0.05). KH supplementation significantly prevented these MetS-induced changes at week 16 (p < 0.05). Several compounds, including 4-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid, coumaric and caffeic acids, had been detected via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis that might contribute to the reversal of these changes. The beneficial effects of KH against MetS-induced rats provide the basis for future KH research to investigate its potential use in humans and its molecular mechanisms in alleviating the disease.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure
  7. Fulltext A Review on the Protective Effects of Honey against Metabolic Syndrome
    Ramli NZ, Chin KY, Zarkasi KA, Ahmad F
    Nutrients, 2018 Aug 02;10(8).
    PMID: 30072671 DOI: 10.3390/nu10081009
    Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of diseases comprising of obesity, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. There are numerous pre-clinical as well as human studies reporting the protective effects of honey against MetS. Honey is a nutritional food low in glycemic index. Honey intake reduces blood sugar levels and prevents excessive weight gain. It also improves lipid metabolism by reducing total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL), which leads to decreased risk of atherogenesis. In addition, honey enhances insulin sensitivity that further stabilizes blood glucose levels and protects the pancreas from overstimulation brought on by insulin resistance. Furthermore, antioxidative properties of honey help in reducing oxidative stress, which is one of the central mechanisms in MetS. Lastly, honey protects the vasculature from endothelial dysfunction and remodelling. Therefore, there is a strong potential for honey supplementation to be integrated into the management of MetS, both as preventive as well as adjunct therapeutic agents.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure
  8. Fulltext Optimization and Validation of RP-HPLC-UV/Vis Method for Determination Phenolic Compounds in Several Personal Care Products
    Akkbik M, Assim ZB, Ahmad FB
    Int J Anal Chem, 2011;2011:858153.
    PMID: 21760792 DOI: 10.1155/2011/858153
    An HPLC method with ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry detection has been optimized and validated for the simultaneous determination of phenolic compounds, such as butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) as antioxidants, and octyl methyl cinnamate (OMC) as UVB-filter in several personal care products. The dynamic range was between 1 to 250 mg/L with relative standard deviation less than 0.25% (n = 4). Limits of detection for BHA, BHT, and OMC were 0.196, 0.170, and 0.478 mg/L, respectively. While limits of quantification for BHA, BHT, and OMC were 0.593, 0.515, and 1.448 mg/L, respectively. The recovery for BHA, BHT, and OMC was ranged from 92.1-105.9%, 83.2-108.9%, and 87.3-103.7%, respectively. The concentration ranges of BHA, BHT, and OMC in 12 commercial personal care samples were 0.13-4.85, 0.16-2.30, and 0.12-65.5 mg/g, respectively. The concentrations of phenolic compounds in these personal care samples were below than maximum allowable concentration in personal care formulation, that is, 0.0004-10 mg/g, 0.002-5 mg/g, and up to 100 mg/g for BHA, BHT, and OMC, respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
  9. The restorative effect of apocynin and catalase in l-arginine induced hypotension on normotensive subjects - the role of oxidative stress
    Chia TY, Murugaiyah V, Sattar MA, Khan NAK, Ahmad A, Abdulla MH, et al.
    Physiol Res, 2020 12 22;69(6):1051-1066.
    PMID: 33210935
    L-arginine is a substrate for nitric oxide synthase (NOS) responsible for the production of NO. This investigation studied the effect of apocynin, an NADPH oxidase inhibitor and catalase, an H2O2 scavenger on L-arginine induced oxidative stress and hypotension. Forty Wistar-Kyoto rats were treated for 14 days with vehicle, L-arginine (12.5mg/ml p.o.), L-arginine+apocynin (2.5mmol/L p.o.), L-arginine+catalase (10000U/kg/day i.p.) and L-arginine plus apocynin+catalase respectively. Weekly renal functional and hemodynamic parameters were measured and kidneys harvested at the end of the study for histopathological and renal NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) assessments. L-arginine administration in normotensive rats decreased systolic blood pressure (120±2 vs 91±2mmHg) and heart rate (298±21 vs 254±15b/min), enhanced urinary output (21.5±4.2 vs 32±1.9ml/24h , increased creatinine clearance (1.72±0.56 vs 2.62±0.40ml/min/kg), and fractional sodium excretion (0.88±0.16 vs 1.18±0.16 %), caused proteinuria (28.10±1.93 vs 35.26±1.69mg/kg/day) and a significant decrease in renal cortical blood perfusion (292±3 vs 258±5bpu) and pulse wave velocity (3.72±0.20 vs 2.84±0.13m/s) (all P<0.05). L-arginine increased plasma malondialdehyde (by ~206 % P<0.05) and NO (by~51 %, P<0.05) but decreased superoxide dismutase (by~31 %, P<0.05) and total antioxidant capacity (by~35 %, P<0.05) compared to control. Renal Nox4 mRNA activity was approximately 2.1 fold higher (P<0.05) in the L-arginine treated rats but was normalized by apocynin and apocynin plus catalase treatment. Administration of apocynin and catalase, but not catalase alone to rats fed L-arginine, restored the deranged renal function and structure, prevented hypotension and enhanced the antioxidant capacity and suppressed Nox4 expression. These findings suggest that apocynin and catalase might be used prophylactically in states of oxidative stress.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure/drug effects
  10. Computational-aided design: minimal peptide sequence to block dengue virus transmission into cells
    Arumugam AC, Agharbaoui FE, Khazali AS, Yusof R, Abd Rahman N, Ahmad Fuaad AAH
    J Biomol Struct Dyn, 2020 Dec 31.
    PMID: 33382015 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1866074
    Dengue virus (DV) infection is one of the main public health concerns, affecting approximately 390 million people worldwide, as reported by the World Health Organization. Yet, there is no antiviral treatment for DV infection. Therefore, the development of potent and nontoxic anti-DV, as a complement for the existing treatment strategies, is urgently needed. Herein, we investigate a series of small peptides inhibitors of DV antiviral activity targeting the entry process as the promising strategy to block DV infection. The peptides were designed based on our previously reported peptide sequence, DN58opt (TWWCFYFCRRHHPFWFFYRHN), to identify minimal effective inhibitory sequence through molecular docking and dynamics studies. The in silico designed peptides were synthesized using conventional Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis chemistry, purified by RP-HPLC and characterized using LCMS. Later, they were screened for their antiviral activity. One of the peptides, AC 001, was able to reduce about 40% of DV plaque formation. This observation correlates well with the molecular mechanics-Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) analysis - AC 001 showed the most favorable binding affinity through 60 ns simulations. Pairwise residue decomposition analysis has revealed four key residues that contributed to the binding of these peptides into the DV2 E protein pocket. This work identifies the minimal peptide sequence required to inhibit DV replication and explains the behavior observed on an atomic level using computational study.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
  11. Fulltext Dataset for influence of CNG and HCNG on engine performance and emission parameters at diverse injection pressure
    Suhel A, Norwazan AR, Rahman MRA, Ahmad KAB
    Data Brief, 2021 Apr;35:106838.
    PMID: 33659596 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.106838
    Present data article based on the investigation which enumerates the influence of CNG (compressed natural gas) and HCNG (hydrogen enriched compressed natural gas) on performance and emission parameters of direct injection diesel engine at 200, 220, and 240 bar injection pressures. The CNG and HCNG gaseous alternative fuels were injected in amount (by mass) of 10%, 20% and 30% as secondary fuels to enrich the pilot fuel (pure diesel) during the operation. The performance and emission data of dual fuel (CNG + pure diesel, HCNG + pure diesel) operation was analysed to compare with the pure diesel data. The data for present investigational work were assessed at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% diverse engine loads for all trials under diverse injection pressures. Eddy current dynamometer was employed to raise the engine load from quartile to maximum. AVL DiGAS 444 N multi gas analyser was used to measure the values of carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbon (UHC), and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) detrimental emissions in engine exhaust.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pressure
  12. Fulltext A simple isocratic HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of sinensetin, eupatorin, and 3'-hydroxy-5,6,7,4'-tetramethoxyflavone in Orthosiphon stamineus extracts
    Yam MF, Mohamed EA, Ang LF, Pei L, Darwis Y, Mahmud R, et al.
    J Acupunct Meridian Stud, 2012 Aug;5(4):176-82.
    PMID: 22898066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jams.2012.05.005
    Orthosiphon stamineus extracts contain three flavonoids (3'-hydroxy-5,6,7,4'-tetramethoxyflavone, sinensetin, and eupatorin) as bioactive substances. Previous reported high performance liquid chromatography- ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) methods for the determination of these flavonoids have several disadvantages, including unsatisfactory separation times and not being well validated according to International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) standard guidelines. A rapid, specific reversed-phase HPLC method with isocratic elution of acetonitrile: isopropyl alcohol: 20mM phosphate buffer (NaH(2)PO(4)) (30:15:55, v/v) (pH 3.5) at a flow-rate of 1ml/minute, a column temperature of 25°C, and ultraviolet (UV) detection at 340 nm was developed. The method was validated and applied for quantification of different types of O stamineus extracts and fractions. The method allowed simultaneous determination of 3'-hydroxy-5,6,7,4'-tetramethoxyflavone, sinensetin, and eupatorin in the concentration range of 0.03052-250 μg/ml. The limits of detection and quantification, respectively, were 0.0076 and 0.061 μg/ml for 3'-hydroxy-5,6,7,4'-tetramethoxyflavone, 0.0153 and 0.122 μg/ml for sinensetin and 0.0305 and 0.122 μg/ml for eupatorin. The percent relative standard deviation (% RSD) values for intraday were 0.048-0.368, 0.025-0.135, and 0.05-0.476 for 3'-hydroxy-5,6,7,4'-tetramethoxyflavone, sinensetin, and eupatorin, respectively, and those for intraday precision were 0.333-1.688, 0.722-1.055, and 0.548-1.819, respectively. The accuracy for intraday were 91.25%-103.38%, 94.32%-109.56%, and 92.85%-109.70% for 3'-hydroxy-5,6,7,4'-tetramethoxyflavone, sinensetin, and eupatorin, respectively, and those for interday accuracy were 97.49%-103.92%, 103.58%-104.57%, and 103.9%-105.33%, respectively. The method was found to be simple, accurate and precise and is recommended for routine quality control analysis of O stamineus extract containing the three flavonoids as the principle components in the extract.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods*
  13. Fulltext Optic disc topography of normal tension glaucoma patients in Malaysia
    Abdul Rahim A, Ismail S, Ahmad Tajudin LS, Ahmad MS
    Med J Malaysia, 2013 Aug;68(4):338-42.
    PMID: 24145263 MyJurnal
    There are limited data in the literature on the optic disc topography in normal tension glaucoma (NTG) patients in Asian countries, especially in Southeast Asia. This study is aimed at comparing optic disc topography in NTG patients and a control group in Malaysia, and we discuss the literature on NTG studies in other Asian populations. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in two hospitals with glaucoma services in Malaysia from November 2010 to February 2012. A total of 109 eyes of 109 Malay patients were included in this study: 32 NTG patients and 77 subjects in the control group. All participants underwent a thorough ocular examination, including visual acuity, subjective refraction, anterior segment and fundus examinations, Humphrey visual field 24-2, intraocular pressure measurement, gonioscopy examination and fundus photography. Optic disc topography was assessed using the Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph III by an identified masked investigator in each hospital. NTG patients had a notably larger disc area (2.65 (0.41) vs 2.19 (0.43) mm(2), respectively), larger cupping (1.54 (0.43) vs 0.63 (0.40) mm(2), respectively), smaller retinal rim areas (1.12 (0.41) vs 1.56 (0.33) mm(2), respectively), higher cup volume (0.47 (0.28) vs 0.11 (0.19) mm(3), respectively), reduced rim volume (0.23 (0.13) vs 0.41 (0.16) mm(3), respectively), higher cup to disc area ratio (0.58 (0.14) vs 0.27 (0.15), respectively), higher linear cup to disc ratio (0.76 (0.09) vs 0.49 (0.17) mm(2), respectively), higher mean cup depth (0.37 (0.09) vs 0.22 (0.09) mm, respectively), higher maximum cup depth (0.77 (0.16) vs 0.59 (0.20) mm, respectively), higher mean of cup shape measure (-0.04 (0.06) vs -0.16 (0.07), respectively), and thinner mean retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (0.15 (0.15) vs 0.24 (0.07) mm, respectively) compared to the control group (p<0.05). In conclusion, most of the optic disc parameters were significantly different in NTG patients compared to healthy individuals in Malaysia. Our findings are comparable to those reported in NTG studies in other Asian countries.
    Matched MeSH terms: Intraocular Pressure
  14. Fulltext Compensatory renal hypertrophy in reflux nephropathy presenting as hypertensive emergency
    Othman Tan SES, Mohamad SD, Ahmad MZ
    Oxf Med Case Reports, 2021 Feb;2021(2):omaa132.
    PMID: 33614043 DOI: 10.1093/omcr/omaa132
    Hypertensive emergency in the paediatric population is not uncommon. However, due to its numerous etiologies, care should be taken in determining the approach of management. We report a case of a child who presented with double vision, giddiness and elevated blood pressure. Blood investigations were normal. Renal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen were performed which both showed findings suspicious of a large heterogeneous mass at the lower pole of the left kidney with dysplastic right kidney. A final diagnosis of bilateral vesicoureteric reflux with left compensatory hypertrophy was made based upon micturating cystourethrography findings and was later confirmed by 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) study. The objective of this case is to share the importance of the appropriate choice of radiological examinations, not only in achieving an accurate diagnosis but to ensure that unnecessary investigations are avoided.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure
  15. Fulltext A brief review on ACE I/D gene polymorphism and blood pressure response to exercise training
    Hazwani Ahmad Yusof, Abdul Rashid Aziz, Nor Farah Mohamad Fauzi, Ahmad Munir Che Muhamed
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2018;14(201):179-189.
    MyJurnal
    Exercise has been suggested as the best and the most affordable way for managing blood pressure. The insertion/ deletion of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) I/D gene polymorphism had been reported to be linked with sev- eral diseases such as hypertension and diabetic nephropathy. Several studies showed that blood pressure response to exercise training for health management also vary among individuals with different genotypes of ACE I/D gene poly- morphism. A study of 9 months of endurance exercise training at 75 to 85 % of VO2max showed that the decrease of resting blood pressure in I allele carriers wass greater than D allele carriers. In contrast, other study discovered that adult women with D allele had greater reduction in resting blood pressure than those with I allele, following a 12-week combined aerobic and resistance exercise training. Despite the inconsistencies of some findings, it has remained unknown if the ACE I/D gene polymorphism would also influence blood pressure response to isometric handgrip training that had been found to be superior to the dynamic resistance exercise training in controlling and preventing high blood pressure. Thus, this article was to review the literature on ACE I/D gene polymorphism and blood pressure response to exercise training that could serve as the basis for future research to identify individuals who will lower resting blood pressure the most with exercise training program for health management.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure
  16. Fulltext Chemical Constituents of Malaysian U. cordata var. ferruginea and Their in Vitro α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities
    Abdullah NH, Salim F, Ahmad R
    Molecules, 2016 Apr 27;21(5).
    PMID: 27128898 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050525
    Continuing our interest in the Uncaria genus, the phytochemistry and the in-vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of Malaysian Uncaria cordata var. ferruginea were investigated. The phytochemical study of this plant, which employed various chromatographic techniques including recycling preparative HPLC, led to the isolation of ten compounds with diverse structures comprising three phenolic acids, two coumarins, three flavonoids, a terpene and an iridoid glycoside. These constituents were identified as 2-hydroxybenzoic acid or salicylic acid (1), 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (3), scopoletin or 7-hydroxy-6-methoxy-coumarin (4), 3,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxycoumarin (5), quercetin (6), kaempferol (7), taxifolin (8), loganin (9) and β-sitosterol (10). Structure elucidation of the compounds was accomplished with the aid of 1D and 2D Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectral data and Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS). In the α-glucosidase inhibitory assay, the crude methanolic extract of the stems of the plant and its acetone fraction exhibited strong α-glucosidase inhibition activity of 87.7% and 89.2%, respectively, while its DCM fraction exhibited only moderate inhibition (75.3%) at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. The IC50 values of both fractions were found to be significantly lower than the standard acarbose suggesting the presence of potential α-glucosidase inhibitors. Selected compounds isolated from the active fractions were then subjected to α-glucosidase assay in which 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid and quercetin showed strong inhibitory effects against the enzyme with IC50 values of 549 and 556 μg/mL compared to acarbose (IC50 580 μg/mL) while loganin and scopoletin only showed weak α-glucosidase inhibition of 44.9% and 34.5%, respectively. This is the first report of the isolation of 2-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid and loganin from the genus and the first report of the α-glucosidase inhibitory potential of 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
  17. Fulltext Biochemical Constituent of Ginkgo biloba (Seed) 80% Methanol Extract Inhibits Cholinesterase Enzymes in Javanese Medaka (Oryzias javanicus) Model
    Hassan I, Wan Ibrahim WN, Yusuf FM, Ahmad SA, Ahmad S
    J Toxicol, 2020;2020:8815313.
    PMID: 33029137 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8815313
    Background: Pathophysiological changes leading to the death of nerve cells present in the brain and spinal cord are referred to as neurodegenerative diseases. Presently, treatment of these diseases is not effective and encounters many challenges due to the cost of drug and side effects. Thus, the search for the alternative agents to replace synthetic drugs is in high demand. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the anticholinesterase properties of Ginkgo biloba seed.

    Methods: The seed was extracted with 80% methanol. Toxicity studies and evaluation of anticholinesterase activities were carried out in adult Javanese medaka (Oryzias javanicus). Phytochemical study to identify the bioactive lead constituents of the crude extract was also carried out using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

    Results: The result shows activities with high significant differences at P < 0.001 between the treated and nontreated groups. A bioactive compound (vitaxin) was identified with the aid of HPLC method.

    Conclusion: The presence of bioactive compound vitaxin is among the major secondary metabolites that contribute to increasing activities of this plant extract. High anticholinesterase activities and low toxicity effect of this plant show its benefit to be used as natural medicine or supplements.

    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
  18. Microvascular endothelial function and primary open angle glaucoma
    Mudassar Imran Bukhari S, Yew KK, Thambiraja R, Sulong S, Ghulam Rasool AH, Ahmad Tajudin LS
    Ther Adv Ophthalmol, 2019 08 22;11:2515841419868100.
    PMID: 31489400 DOI: 10.1177/2515841419868100
    Purpose: To determine the role of microvascular endothelial dysfunction as risk factor for primary open angle glaucoma.

    Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 114 Malay patients with POAG seen at the eye clinic of Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. Patients aged between 40 and 80 years who were diagnosed with other types of glaucoma, previous glaucoma filtering surgery or other surgeries except uncomplicated cataract surgery and pterygium surgery were excluded. A total of 101 patients who were followed up for dry eyes, age-related cataracts or post cataracts extraction surgery were recruited as control subjects. Those with family history of glaucoma or glaucoma suspect were excluded. Microvascular endothelial function was assessed using laser Doppler fluximetry and the process of iontophoresis. Iontophoresis with acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was used to measure microvascular endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilatations, respectively.

    Results: In general, POAG patients demonstrated lower ACh% and AChmax values compared with controls. There was significant difference in microvascular endothelial function [ACh%: mean, 95% confidence interval = 503.1 (378.0, 628.3), and AChmax: mean, 95% confidence interval = 36.8 (30.2, 43.5)] between primary open angle glaucoma cases (p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure
  19. In vitro degradation of poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles loaded with linamarin
    Hussein AS, Abdullah N, Ahmadun FR
    IET Nanobiotechnol, 2013 Jun;7(2):33-41.
    PMID: 24046903
    Linamarin-loaded poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by the double emulsion solvent evaporation technique. The formulated PLGA (50:50) and PLGA (85:15) NPs were spherically shaped, having an average particle size < 190 nm, drug entrapment efficiency (50-52%) and zeta potentials ranging from -25 to -30 mV. Interestingly, all formulated PLGA NPs exhibited a controlled biphasic release profile. Polymer degradation was investigated in the current research to determine the major degradation products and then the polymer biocompatibility as well as safety. The PLGA NPs degradation behaviour was investigated by measuring water uptake, mass loss, change of pH of the degradation medium, morphological changes, and lactic and glycolic acid concentrations. Gravimetrical methods, pH meter, scanning electron microscope and high-performance liquid chromatography were employed, respectively. PLGA (50:50) NPs were found to degrade faster than PLGA (85:15) NPs. With regard to water uptake, mass loss and pH change, the degradation behaviour of PLGA (50:50) NPs was significantly (rho < 0.05) different from that of PLGA (85:15) NPs. A complete degradation of PLGA (50:50) NPs was achieved after 102 days, whereas, only about 60% of PLGA (85:15) NPs were degraded within the same period. Complete degradation and release of the degradation products naturally by the body ensures safety of the delivery carrier.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
  20. Fulltext Older Age Group in Pregnancy is Associated with Increased Arterial Stiffness
    Salmi AA, Nor Aliza AG, Nik Zaki NM, Wong AR, Aida HR
    Med J Malaysia, 2010 Jun;65(2):115-8.
    PMID: 23756794 MyJurnal
    Arterial stiffness is an index of vascular health; normal pregnancy is associated with reduced arterial stiffness. This cross sectional study compared arterial stiffness in older (≥35 years) and the younger (≤34 years) age groups of pregnant women. Arterial stiffness was assessed noninvasively in 66 pregnant women between 23 - 32 weeks gestation (41 women ≤ 34 years, 25 women ≥ 35 years) using the parameters pulse wave analysis and pulse wave velocity. Blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), serum total cholesterol (TC) and fasting blood glucose (FBS) were also recorded. Mean ages of the younger and older age groups were 27.6±0.62 and 39.3±0.58 years; no significant difference was seen between the groups in their BMI, TC, FBS, SBP, DBP and gestational age. The older age group of women have increased arterial stiffness (augmentation index 19.4±1.9% vs 13.2±1.6%, p=0.015) and aortic stiffness (pulse wave velocity 8.7±0.3 vs 7.7±0.2 m/s, p=0.004) compared to the younger women. Linear regression analysis showed a positive significant correlation between age and augmentation index (R=0.278, p=0.026), and pulse wave velocity (R=0.350, p=0.004). We conclude that older pregnant women has increased arterial stiffness compared to a younger age group of pregnant women suggesting that vascular changes due to ageing occurs in pregnancy despite cardiovascular adaptations occurring in pregnancy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure
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