Displaying publications 81 - 100 of 120 in total

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  1. Fulltext Evidence-informed policy for tackling adverse climate change effects on health: Linking regional and global assessments of science to catalyse action
    Fears R, Abdullah KAB, Canales-Holzeis C, Caussy D, Haines A, Harper SL, et al.
    PLoS Med, 2021 Jul;18(7):e1003719.
    PMID: 34283834 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003719
    Robin Fears and co-authors discuss evidence-informed regional and global policy responses to health impacts of climate change.
    Matched MeSH terms: Floods
  2. Fulltext Health major incident : the experiences of mobile medical team during major flood
    Ahmad R, Mohamad Z, Noh AY, Mohamad N, Hamzah MS, Mohammed NA, et al.
    Malays J Med Sci, 2008 Apr;15(2):47-51.
    PMID: 22589626 MyJurnal
    Disaster is a sudden event that associated with ecological changes, disruption of normal daily activities, destruction of infrastructures, loss of properties, and medical disabilities. In disaster, there is a mismatch between available resources and patients need for healthcare service. During flood disaster, the victims were predisposed to different type of illnesses for various reasons such as inadequate supply of clean water, poor sanitation or drainage system, unhealthy foods, and over-crowded relief centers. Mobile clinic is an option for delivering medical care for the disaster victims who often have a difficulty to access to the medical facilities. In this article we would like to share our experiences during the provision of humanitarian services for flood victims at District of Muar Johor. Common illnesses among the flood victims at visited relief centers and advantages of Mobile Medical Relief Team were also highlighted and discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Floods
  3. Fulltext Synergies for improving oil palm production and forest conservation in floodplain landscapes
    Abram NK, Xofis P, Tzanopoulos J, MacMillan DC, Ancrenaz M, Chung R, et al.
    PLoS One, 2014;9(6):e95388.
    PMID: 24887555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095388
    Lowland tropical forests are increasingly threatened with conversion to oil palm as global demand and high profit drives crop expansion throughout the world's tropical regions. Yet, landscapes are not homogeneous and regional constraints dictate land suitability for this crop. We conducted a regional study to investigate spatial and economic components of forest conversion to oil palm within a tropical floodplain in the Lower Kinabatangan, Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. The Kinabatangan ecosystem harbours significant biodiversity with globally threatened species but has suffered forest loss and fragmentation. We mapped the oil palm and forested landscapes (using object-based-image analysis, classification and regression tree analysis and on-screen digitising of high-resolution imagery) and undertook economic modelling. Within the study region (520,269 ha), 250,617 ha is cultivated with oil palm with 77% having high Net-Present-Value (NPV) estimates ($413/ha-yr-$637/ha-yr); but 20.5% is under-producing. In fact 6.3% (15,810 ha) of oil palm is commercially redundant (with negative NPV of $-299/ha-yr-$-65/ha-yr) due to palm mortality from flood inundation. These areas would have been important riparian or flooded forest types. Moreover, 30,173 ha of unprotected forest remain and despite its value for connectivity and biodiversity 64% is allocated for future oil palm. However, we estimate that at minimum 54% of these forests are unsuitable for this crop due to inundation events. If conversion to oil palm occurs, we predict a further 16,207 ha will become commercially redundant. This means that over 32,000 ha of forest within the floodplain would have been converted for little or no financial gain yet with significant cost to the ecosystem. Our findings have globally relevant implications for similar floodplain landscapes undergoing forest transformation to agriculture such as oil palm. Understanding landscape level constraints to this crop, and transferring these into policy and practice, may provide conservation and economic opportunities within these seemingly high opportunity cost landscapes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Floods*
  4. Fulltext Leptospirosis: recent incidents and available diagnostics - a review
    Yuszniahyati Y, Kenneth FR, Daisy Vanitha J
    Med J Malaysia, 2015 Dec;70(6):351-5.
    PMID: 26988208
    OBJECTIVE: The aim of this article was to review published research articles on leptospirosis, in particular the recent incidence of leptospirosis in Malaysia and the currently available diagnostic methods for the detection of leptospirosis.

    METHODS: PubMed, Google Scholar and Google Search databases were searched using the key words Leptospira and leptospirosis. A total of seventy-six references were reviewed including sixty-seven research articles, three annual reports from Ministry of Health and six online newspaper articles. This review includes the following five sub-headings: introduction, leptospirosis transmission, leptospirosis incidents, laboratory diagnosis of leptospirosis and treatment and prevention of leptospirosis.

    RESULTS: An increase in incidents of leptospirosis cases has been seen in recent years in Malaysia. The recent floods have contributed to the rise in the number of reported cases. Current diagnostic approaches such as dark field microscopy, microscopic agglutination test (MAT), Polymerase chain reaction and serological tests are inadequate as the organism is a slow grower.

    CONCLUSION: There is an urgent need to develop newer techniques for rapid detection of leptospirosis. The combination of PCR and ELISA are suggested for rapid and accurate diagnosis of leptospirosis. Studies on the mechanism of pathogenesis of Leptospira are needed for the development of vaccines that are safe for human use.
    Matched MeSH terms: Floods
  5. Assessing the impacts of climate change in cities and their adaptive capacity: Towards transformative approaches to climate change adaptation and poverty reduction in urban areas in a set of developing countries
    Filho WL, Balogun AL, Olayide OE, Azeiteiro UM, Ayal DY, Muñoz PDC, et al.
    Sci Total Environ, 2019 Nov 20;692:1175-1190.
    PMID: 31539949 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.227
    Many cities across the world are facing many problems climate change poses to their populations, communities and infrastructure. These vary from increased exposures to floods, to discomfort due to urban heat, depending on their geographical locations and settings. However, even though some cities have a greater ability to cope with climate change challenges, many struggle to do so, particularly in cities in developing countries. In addition, there is a shortage of international studies which examine the links between climate change adaptation and cities, and which at the same time draw some successful examples of good practice, which may assist future efforts. This paper is an attempt to address this information need. The aim of this paper is to analyse the extent to which cities in a sample of developing countries are attempting to pursue climate change adaptation and the problems which hinder this process. Its goal is to showcase examples of initiatives and good practice in transformative adaptation, which may be replicable elsewhere. To this purpose, the paper describes some trends related to climate change in a set of cities in developing countries across different continents, including one of the smallest capital cities (Georgetown, Guyana) and Shanghai, one the world's most populous cities. In particular, it analyses their degree of vulnerability, how they manage to cope with climate change impacts, and the policies being implemented to aid adaptation. It also suggests the use of transformative approaches which may be adopted, in order to assist them in their efforts towards investments in low-carbon and climate-resilient infrastructure, thereby maximizing investments in urban areas and trying to address their related poverty issues. This paper addresses a gap in the international literature on the problems many cities in developing countries face, in trying to adapt to a changing climate.
    Matched MeSH terms: Floods
  6. River flow, zooplankton and dominant zooplanktivorous fish dynamics in a warm-temperate South African estuary
    Mbandzi N, Wasserman RJ, Deyzel SHP, Vine NG, Whitfield AK
    J Fish Biol, 2018 Jun;92(6):1747-1767.
    PMID: 29696653 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13617
    The possible links between river flow, zooplankton abundance and the responses of zooplanktivorous fishes to physico-chemical and food resource changes are assessed. To this end, the seasonal abundance, distribution and diet of the estuarine round-herring Gilchristella aestuaria and Cape silverside Atherina breviceps were studied in the Kariega Estuary. Spatio-temporal differences were determined for selected physico-chemical variables, zooplankton abundance and zooplanktivorous fish abundance and distribution. Results indicated that, following a river flood event in winter (>30 m3  s-1 ), altered physico-chemical conditions occurred throughout the estuary and depressed zooplankton stocks. Abundance of G. aestuaria was highest in spring, with this species dominant in the upper and middle zones of the estuary, while A. breviceps was dominant in summer and preferred the middle and lower zones. The catch per unit of effort of both zooplanktivores also declined significantly following the flooding, thus suggesting that these fishes are reliant on zooplankton as a primary food source for healthy populations. Copepods dominated the stomach contents of both fish species, indicating a potential for strong interspecific competition for food, particularly in the middle reaches. Temporal differences were evident in dietary overlap between the two zooplanktivorous fish species and were correlated with river flow, zooplankton availability and fish distribution. The findings of this study emphasize the close trophic linkages between zooplankton and zooplanktivorous fishes under changing estuarine environmental conditions, particularly river flow and provide important baseline information for similar studies elsewhere in South Africa and the rest of the world.
    Matched MeSH terms: Floods
  7. Fulltext Identification of pathogenic bacteria isolated from raw and after sand filtration water at Lubok Buntar Water Treatment Plant
    Nur Hafizah Zakaria, Husnul Azan Tajarudin, Mohd Sharizal Mohd Sapingi, Mohamad Fared Murshed
    Scientific Research Journal, 2017;14(1):42-52.
    MyJurnal
    This study focused on the identification of pathogenic bacteria in raw water intake and after sand filtration for drinking water treatment plant during flood event in 2014. The samples was collected from the Lubok Buntar Water Treatment Plant (WTP) and processed through bacterial isolation using chocolate agar as a media. The isolation process conducted based on serial samples dilution and streaking method prior to DNA extraction. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction kit was used to get selected bacteria DNA and further analysis using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test and electrophoresis to get DNA sequences. The Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) analysis was employed to identify the species of the isolated bacteria. As a result, Pantoeaagglomerans and Enterobacter sp. were found in raw and filtered water sample and indicating the same family types. It was concluded that bacteria of the same species were found before and after sand filtration and need to be removed by disinfectant process. The findings also indicated that all the physicochemical parameters measured were within the values prescribed by the Interim National Water Quality Standard (INWQS).
    Matched MeSH terms: Floods
  8. Fulltext A New Empirical Model for Viscosity of Sulfonated Polyacrylamide Polymers
    Akbari S, Mahmood SM, Ghaedi H, Al-Hajri S
    Polymers (Basel), 2019 Jun 14;11(6).
    PMID: 31207965 DOI: 10.3390/polym11061046
    Copolymers of acrylamide with the sodium salt of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid-known as sulfonated polyacrylamide polymers-had been shown to produce very promising results in the enhancement of oil recovery, particularly in polymer flooding. The aim of this work is to develop an empirical model through the use of a design of experiments (DOE) approach for bulk viscosity of these copolymers as a function of polymer characteristics (i.e., sulfonation degree and molecular weight), oil reservoir conditions (i.e., temperature, formation brine salinity and hardness) and field operational variables (i.e., polymer concentration, shear rate and aging time). The data required for the non-linear regression analysis were generated from 120 planned experimental runs, which had used the Box-Behnken construct from the typical Response Surface Methodology (RSM) design. The data were collected during rheological experiments and the model that was constructed had been proven to be acceptable with the Adjusted R-Squared value of 0.9624. Apart from showing the polymer concentration as being the most important factor in the determination of polymer solution viscosity, the evaluation of the model terms as well as the Sobol sensitivity analysis had also shown a considerable interaction between the process parameters. As such, the proposed viscosity model can be suitably applied to the optimization of the polymer solution properties for the polymer flooding process and the prediction of the rheological data required for polymer flood simulators.
    Matched MeSH terms: Floods
  9. Fulltext Exposure to environmental microbiota explains persistent abdominal pain and irritable bowel syndrome after a major flood
    Yusof N, Hamid N, Ma ZF, Lawenko RM, Wan Mohammad WMZ, Collins DA, et al.
    Gut Pathog, 2017;9:75.
    PMID: 29255490 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-017-0224-7
    Background: After an environmental disaster, the affected community is at increased risk for persistent abdominal pain but mechanisms are unclear. Therefore, our study aimed to determine association between abdominal pain and poor water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH) practices, and if small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and/or gut dysbiosis explain IBS, impaired quality of life (QOL), anxiety and/or depression after a major flood.

    Results: New onset abdominal pain, IBS based on the Rome III criteria, WaSH practices, QOL, anxiety and/or depression, SIBO (hydrogen breath testing) and stools for metagenomic sequencing were assessed in flood victims. Of 211 participants, 37.9% (n = 80) had abdominal pain and 17% (n = 36) with IBS subtyped diarrhea and/or mixed type (n = 27 or 12.8%) being the most common. Poor WaSH practices and impaired quality of life during flood were significantly associated with IBS. Using linear discriminant analysis effect size method, gut dysbiosis was observed in those with anxiety (Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria, effect size 4.8), abdominal pain (Fusobacteria, Staphylococcus, Megamonas and Plesiomonas, effect size 4.0) and IBS (Plesiomonas and Trabulsiella, effect size 3.0).

    Conclusion: Disturbed gut microbiota because of environmentally-derived organisms may explain persistent abdominal pain and IBS after a major environmental disaster in the presence of poor WaSH practices.

    Matched MeSH terms: Floods
  10. Fulltext Devastating urban flooding and dengue outbreak during the COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan
    Junaid Tahir M, Rizwan Siddiqi A, Ullah I, Ahmed A, Dujaili J, Saqlain M
    Med J Islam Repub Iran, 2020;34:169.
    PMID: 33816368 DOI: 10.47176/mjiri.34.169
    Pakistan has recently been overwhelmed by extreme torrential rains, with its most populous city of Karachi experiencing its worst floods in almost a century. Poor flood control and water disposal facilities have led to an immense risk of another dengue outbreak, with multiple cases being reported recently. The enormous accumulation of stagnant water in urban areas is a major source of mosquito breeding and transmission. Historical data has shown the correlation between the number of dengue cases and average rainfall in the region. The monsoon rains have pounded at a time where health authorities are battling to contain the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. There is a need to implement centralized dengue control strategies to undertake large scale water drainage, sanitation, and disinfection drives in disaster-stricken areas alongside public health awareness programs to combat the after-effects of this natural calamity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Floods
  11. Fulltext Effects of Slug Size, Soaking, and Injection Schemes on the Performance of Controlled Ions Water Flooding in Carbonates
    Moradpour N, Karimova M, Pourafshary P, Zivar D
    ACS Omega, 2020 Jul 28;5(29):18155-18167.
    PMID: 32743190 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01766
    The results of many previous studies on low salinity/controlled ions water (CIW) flooding suggest that future laboratory and modeling investigations are required to comprehensively understand and interpret the achieved observations. In this work, the aim is co-optimization of the length of the injected slug and soaking time in the CIW flooding process. Furthermore, the possibility of the occurrence of several governing mechanisms is studied. Therefore, the experimental results were utilized to develop a compositional model, using CMG GEM software, in order to obtain the relative permeability curves by history matching. It was concluded that CIW slug injection, concentrated in the potential-determining ion, can increase oil recovery under a multi ion exchange (MIE) mechanism. The wettability of the carbonate rocks was changed from a mixed or oil wet state toward more water wetness. However, there is a CIW slug length, beyond which extending the length does not significantly improve the rock wettability, and consequently, the oil production, which is known as the optimum slug size. This implies that the optimization of the injection process, by minimizing the slug size, can decrease the need for the CIW supply, therefore lowering the process expenditure. Moreover, if the exposure time of the rock and CIW is increased (soaking), a higher level of ion substitution is probable, leading to more oil detachment and production. Rock dissolution/precipitation (leading to a pH change) was found to have a negligible contribution.
    Matched MeSH terms: Floods
  12. Fulltext Factors associated with attitude and practice in disaster management among critical care nurses in the east coast hospitals of Malaysia: a cross-sectional study
    Siti Aminah Ismail, ZakiraMamat @ Mohamed, Nik Hisamuddin Nik Ab. Rahman, Nur Syahmina Rasudin
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(105):6-0.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: The east coast hospitals of Malaysia are regularly stricken by flood disaster and nurses make up the majority of frontline responders in disaster. So, they should equip themselves with knowledge and skills related to disaster management. The objective of this study was to explore the factors associated with attitude and practice in disaster management among critical care nurses in the east coast hospitals of Malaysia. Methods: This was a quanti- tative study with a descriptive cross-sectional study design that were involved 250 critical care nurses from the east coast hospitals of Malaysia by used stratified random sampling method. Data were collected by using a validated questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with attitude and practice in disaster management. Results: A majority of the critical care nurses had a positive attitude (92.4%, n=231) and adequate practice (80%, n= 200) in disaster management. Among the selected factors studied, attending disaster training/ education was significantly associated with attitude (AOR 4.23, 95% CI: 1.474, 12.144, p = 0.007) and practice (AOR 4.203, 95% CI: 2.102, 8.402, p = 0.000). Disaster response experience had a significant association with practice (AOR 2.697, 95% CI: 1.122, 6.479, p = 0.027) but no significant association with attitude. Level of education, years of service and workplace showed no significant association with attitude and practice in disaster management. Conclusion: This study revealed that disaster training/ education was one of the factors that would ensure positive attitude and adequate practice in disaster management among critical care nurses in the east coast hospitals of Malaysia. Therefore, it is recommended for disaster management programme to be included in continu- ing education training for critical care nurses to ensure them to be well-prepared and respond competently when disaster happen.
    Matched MeSH terms: Floods
  13. Fulltext The worst flood in 100 years : Johore experience
    Marzukhi, M.I., Daud, A.R., Badrul Hisham, A.S.
    Malaysian Journal of Community Health, 2009;15(3):1-14.
    MyJurnal
    Past major flooding events for the state of Johore, Malaysia were recorded in 1926, 1967, 1968 and 1971. However, major meteorological phenomena that hit Johore on the 19th December 2006 (first wave) and the 12th January 2007 (second wave) were claimed to be the worst flood disaster in Johore in a 100 years. All eight districts were affected displacing 157,018 and 155,368 population during the first and the second wave event respectively. The Johore Health Department deployed substantial number of medical and health personnel to deal with the Johore flood crisis. Flood-related data were collected on daily basis between 19th December 2006 and 19th February 2007 using spreadsheet format from Flood Operational Rooms located at respective District Health Offices. Among flood victims 34,530 were found to have non-communicable diseases and 19,670 with communicable diseases. No major food- and water-borne disease outbreaks, such as cholera and typhoid, were reported in Johore. High success of public health measures was depending on the workforce of medical and health personnel on the ground. On the other hand, voluntary services offered by non-governmental organisations (NGOs), private sector and other volunteers should be well coordinated without compromising regulatory and ethical requirements. Crisis guidelines and plan of actions shall be updated so that they would be more relevant to the crises encountered on the ground.
    Matched MeSH terms: Floods
  14. Fulltext Impak kesihatan mental terhadap anggota kesihatan yang juga mangsa banjir di daerah Segamat, Johor
    Zaharah, M.S., Hussin, N., Roshelmi, D., Jamsiah, M.
    Malaysian Journal of Community Health, 2009;15(3):35-40.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction : Major flooding that occurred in Segamat District at the end of 2006 and early 2007 was a natural disaster that has left impact on physical and mental well-being of the victims. The aim of this study is to see the impact of the major flooding to the mental health of the health staff in Segamat District.
    Methodology : Cross sectional study was conducted among Segamat health staffs who were involved in the major floods. Structured questionnaire was used to assess the mental health status of the victims. Result : There were 119 health staffs from the district health office, Hospital Segamat, dental clinic and Community Nursing School were interviewed in this study. A total of 6.7% respondents claimed to have stress related symptoms with women were more effected than men. Nurses and married respondents were found to be more stressful in this study.
    Conclusion : Based on findings, therefore, top management has to pay more attention to the welfare of the health staff, directly or indirectly, in particular on the psychological aspect. By giving emphasis on continuous in-service training and counseling as well as other relevant support, stress-related symptoms could be minimized which in turn lead to higher individual productivity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Floods
  15. Fulltext Outbreak management during the worst flood disaster of 2006–2007 in Johore, Malaysia
    Arbaiah, O., Badrul, H.A.S., Marzukhi, M.I., Mohd Yusof, Badaruddin, M., Mohd Adam
    Malaysian Journal of Community Health, 2009;15(3):111-118.
    MyJurnal
    Outbreak management in disaster has to be planned and implemented prior to, during and after the disaster is over. The risk of outbreaks following disaster is related to the size, health status and living conditions of the displaced population. The risk is increased due standing water in floods for vector borne diseases, overcrowding, inadequate water and sanitation and poor access to health care. The 2006-2007 flood in Johore resulted in 2 episodes of food poisoning and an outbreak of coxsackie A24 acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis. Only 19,667 (12.5%) of the 157,018 displaced persons suffered from communicable diseases which comprised of acute respiratory disease 7361(28%), skin infection 4241(19%), acute gastroenteritis 1872(8%) and conjunctivitis 589 (2%). The routine disease surveillance and environmental control were enhanced to cover the relief centers and flood areas. Risk assessment of communicable disease carried out resulted in prompt control measures and good coverage of preventive activities. In conclusion the Johore State Health Department has successfully manage the outbreaks during the major flood.
    Matched MeSH terms: Floods
  16. Fulltext Kesan psikologi keatas mangsa banjir di negeri Johor
    Badiah, Y., Sulaiman, B., Rohaya, H., Mohd Zaidi, M.Z., Rohailina, R.
    Malaysian Journal of Community Health, 2009;15(3):79-87.
    MyJurnal
    Floods are natural disasters that occur without much warning. Natural disasters can result in negative impact due to highly stressful event. Floods can cause mental and emotional disorders to the victims and could also induce stress and trauma either in the short or long terms. This research was carried out to recognize the psychological sequelae of floods and how to overcome them. This study describes the cross sectional descriptive pattern of flood victims in Johor. The DASS Test Questionnaire which is a measurement tool endorsed by the Family Development Institute, Ministry of Health Malaysia was used. We carried out the research in 3 districts of Johor which were the worst hit areas by the flood disaster. Twenty-three percent of the participants were males while 77% were females. The DASS Test Questionnaire showed that 13% were mildly depressed, 7% moderately depressed and 3% were severely depressed. It also revealed that 22% were mildly anxious, 19% moderately anxious, 5% severely anxious and 4% had very severe anxiety. On the stress scores, 15% suffered mild stress, 11% were moderately stressed while 2% were severely stressed. A committee to conduct the motivation programme for the state of Johor was formed by Jabatan Kesihatan Negeri Johor with the cooperation of the PROKEM committee from Hospital Permai, Johor Bahru. This committee headed by the Deputy Director of Health (Medical Division) attempted to overcome the psychological sequelae suffered by flood victims. The activities conducted by the PROKEM staff and staff from the Ministry of Health were monitored by the committee based at Hospital Permai, Johor Bahru. The Bilik Gerakan was in operation for 24 hours a day with meetings conducted every morning and evening to brief and debrief members of staff who were going to carry out the motivation programme. Feedback was also obtained from staff on their return from the various relief centres.
    Matched MeSH terms: Floods
  17. Fulltext Public health preparedness and response to flood disaster in Johore, Malaysia : challenges and lessons learned
    Arbaiah, O., Daud, A.R., Surinah, A., Noorhaida, U., Shaharom, N.A.M.C.D., Rahim, A.
    Malaysian Journal of Community Health, 2009;15(3):126-131.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction : The 2006 -2007 flood in Johore which displaced more than 312,386 residents of the state was an extraordinary event and tested everyone preparedness. The disaster caused massive material, economic and environmental losses exceeded the state and local community capacity, forcing them seeks help from other states. Needs assessment, effectiveness of health services as well as leadership and nongovernment organization involvement were evaluated and constitute lessons learnt from the experiences.
    Methodology : This is a descriptive review of the Johore flood. The review was based on literature search using established data and published reports of previous disasters. Discussion will focus on the 4 S’s of the surge capacity that is Structure, Staffing, Supplies and System (policies & procedures). Result : Structure- although 49 or 14% of health facilities in the state were affected by the flood, health services continued to be given. Majority of the relief centers were schools with better facilities. Funding for repairs obtained early approval as estimation of damages was timely applied. Temporary isolation centers for the conjunctivitis outbreak was appropriate implemented. Staffing- Leadership was assumed by the Johore State Health Department, the strongest and most prepared health sector. Needs assessment resulted in additional staff being deployed from other states allowing local staff to have their break from work as well as personal stress. Local staff became multi-skilled players. Training in disaster preparedness has to be of utmost priority to support such needs. Supplies- Personnel protective and pest control equipment, and medical supplies were adequately supplied. The laboratory services were well prepared. Pamphlets, posters, buntings and banners were distributed including five new health promotion materials. System- Flood disaster plan of action was well in place resulting in efficient management of the operating rooms, data management, coordination of services and disease surveillance through early warning system.
    Conclusion : Public health preparedness is a matter of good governance and management based on evidence and experience. There is a need for a permanent and stable program for the Ministry of Health to prepare and coordinate the response to all disasters.
    Matched MeSH terms: Floods
  18. Fulltext Prevalence and perceived severity of post-traumatic stress disorder among flood victims in Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
    Oo, San San, Rahmah Mohd Amin, Aniza Abd Aziz, Thwe Aung, Myat Moe, Rohayah Husain
    Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2016;16(2):30-40.
    MyJurnal
    Floods can lead to direct economic and property losses and result not only in physical injuries and deaths but
    also in psychological trauma. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a commonly used indicator to evaluate
    psychological injuries after disaster. This study aimed to determine the relationship between PTSD prevalence
    and related perceived severity of post flood impact by economical, non-economical and flood status severity
    domains besides relevant socio-demographic factors according to gender specific analysis. This cross-sectional
    study was conducted among community in Kampung Hulu Takir, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia in 2015 two
    weeks after flood. It included a total of 98 males and 110 females aged 18 years and above. Data was
    collected by interview-guided questionnaire to determine the prevalence of PTSD. SPSS version 21.0 was used
    for analysis of the relationship between socio demographic factors, perceived economic, non-economic and
    flood severity with PTSD. Finally chi square test was used to assess the predictors of PTSD according to
    gender. The prevalence of PTSD was 9.2% in males and 10.9% in females, giving a total of 10.1%. Significantly
    higher prevalence of PTSD was found in severely perceived economic and flood impact categories (33.3% and
    23.8% in males; 23.8 % and 37.5% in females) and giving in overall 44.0% and 31.3 % respectively. Effective
    PTSD management strategies targeting females post flood victims who severely perceived economically and
    nature flood impact should be implemented in order to prevent further consequences of PTSD.
    Matched MeSH terms: Floods
  19. Fulltext Climate change and its impact on public health – a review of the global environment
    Ambu, Stephen
    International e-Journal of Science, Medicine & Education, 2012;6(10):0-0.
    MyJurnal
    Climate change is a product of human actions. The extreme events such as flash floods, droughts, heat waves, earthquakes, volcano eruptions and tsunamis seen in the world today are the result of indiscriminate human intrusion into the environment. Vulnerable countries and populations are the most affected by these climatic events. This places a burden on the resources of these countries. The Kyoto Protocol is a milestone in environmental management and the impetus created by it must be maintained by carrying out the much needed research into appropriate mitigating measures that will alleviate the climate
    change impact globally. A paradigm shift is needed in addressing the associated risks on human health to assess socioeconomic determinants and the related impacts on disease burden. Some wealthy nations emphasize economic benefits and downplay sustainability goals, health and equality. However the rising cost of energy is beginning to influence their outlook towards this issue. The implications on economics, human health and wellbeing are implicit. In order to strike a balance between disadvantaged and privileged nations, many
    international agencies are spearheading various research agenda to improve adaptation programmes on effects of changing climatic conditions on health. Malaysia too has such programmes initiated under its 5-year development plans.
    Matched MeSH terms: Floods
  20. Fulltext The influence of soil water status on the physiology of Oryza sativa var. MR220
    Nashriyah Mat, Shamsiah Abdul Rahman, Ismail Che Haron, Mazleha Maskin, Mohd. Razi Ismail
    Journal of Nuclear and Related Technologies, 2008;2008(1):21-31.
    MyJurnal
    A study to determine the influence of soil water status on the physiology of rice plant Oryza sativa var. MR220 after panicle initiation stage was carried out at Ladang Merdeka Mulong Lating in the Kemubu Agricultural Development Authority (KADA) area, Kelantan. Five water management treatments imposed on direct seeded rice were; T1. Continuous flooding, T2. Early flooding up to panicle initiation stage followed by saturated (F55-saturated), T3. Early flooding for the first month followed by saturated (F-30 saturated), T4. Continuous saturated, and T5. Continuous field capacity condition throughout the growth stage. The treatments were arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replicates. In-situ stomatal conductance measurement was carried out at 68 DAS (days after seeding) and the elemental analysis of soil and plant samples was carried out using the Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA). Results from this study showed significant differences between treatments for soil moisture content and plant moisture content, but no significance different in leaf stomatal conductance. Rice plant moisture, soil moisture and leaf stomatal conductance showed no interaction. Early flooding up to panicle initiation stage followed by saturated (T2: F55-saturated) resulted in higher plant moisture content. Soil plant transfer coefficient was highest in continuous saturated (T4) for nitrogen, early flooding for the first month followed by saturated (T3: F-30 saturated) for potassium, continuous field capacity condition throughout the growth stage (T5) for magnesium, and continuous flooding (T1) for sodium.
    Matched MeSH terms: Floods
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