MyMedR

Fulltext High white cell count at presentation in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

Menon BS, Wan Maziah WM, Jackson N, Jamaluddin N, Narazah MY, Dasgupta A, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 1999 Jun;54(2):283-4.

PMID: 10972046

Matched MeSH terms: Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/blood*

Immunostaining of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues for malignant lymphomas

Lim YC, Phang KS, Cheong SK

Malays J Pathol, 1992 Dec;14(2):85-9.

PMID: 1304629

With the advent of new monoclonal antibodies that are applicable to formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded sections, immunophenotyping is becoming increasingly important in the diagnosis and classification of lymphomas. However, multiple factors such as fixation, trypsinization and even type of antibodies used have certain effects on the final outcome of the staining procedure. In this paper we report our experience and the problems encountered in our laboratory when we first tried to establish a workable immunostaining protocol for formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded tissue sections using the immunoalkaline phosphatase technique.

Matched MeSH terms: Lymphoma/pathology*

Lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukaemia presenting as perichondritis of the pinna

Indudharan R, Arni T, Myint KK, Jackson N

J Laryngol Otol, 1998 Jun;112(6):592-4.

PMID: 9764308

Extra-nodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of the pinna has only been reported once in a patient with immunodeficiency. We report an unusual case of lymphoblastic lymphoma in a patient without any immunodeficiency, presenting as an inflammatory lesion of the pinna, which illustrates the need to biopsy any non-healing lesion as soon as possible to ensure that such a treatable malignancy is diagnosed at an early stage.

Matched MeSH terms: Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/pathology*

An in-house assay for serum deoxythymidine kinase

Seah LH, Ton SH, Cheong SK, Hamidah NH

Malays J Pathol, 1991 Dec;13(2):109-13.

PMID: 1823092

An in-house method which utilizes 14C-thymidine as a substrate was used to assay deoxythymidine kinase in serum. The method is sensitive enough to detect normal levels of serum deoxythymidine kinase and the assay procedure also enables rapid handling of multiple samples. With a total reaction volume of 60 ul, the enzyme reaction was found to be linear with concentrations for up to 650 U/L of TK activity. On studying serum deoxythymidine kinase (s-TK) activity with incubation time, there was a proportional increase in activity with the length of incubation time. "Within-batch" precision showed a coefficient of variation (CV) of 4.7% for serum with extremely high s-TK levels and a CV of 8.8% for serum with normal s-TK levels. S-TK showed a CV of less than 16.0% in its activity when stored at -8 degrees C and at -20 degrees C. The normal reference range obtained for s-TK activity was 8.6 +/- 7.5 U/L.

Matched MeSH terms: Lymphoma/enzymology

Fulltext Thyrotoxicosis simulating lymphoma. A case report

Ramanathan M

Med J Malaysia, 1988 Mar;43(1):59-61.

PMID: 3244322

We report a patient with unusual manifestations of hyperthyroidism which initially suggested lymphoma. The pathophysiology of these features in thyrotoxicosis is discussed. The need to consider thyrotoxicosis in an otherwise unexplained case of lymphoid hyperplasia will be stressed.

Matched MeSH terms: Lymphoma/diagnosis*

Hybrid acute leukaemia--a report of 3 cases

Ng SC, Wong TK, Lin HP

Ann Acad Med Singap, 1989 Nov;18(6):721-3.

PMID: 2624424

The simultaneous expression of both lymphoid and myeloid phenotypic features in acute leukaemia is rare. We report 3 cases of biphenotypic hybrid acute leukaemia seen in our institution. All 3 patients achieved remission with treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia but two subsequently relapsed while on treatment. The hybrid acute leukaemias are important areas for further research both for delineation of basic biology and choice of optimal treatment.

Matched MeSH terms: Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/pathology*

Clinical significance of aberrant microRNAs expression in predicting disease relapse/refractoriness to treatment in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: A meta-analysis

Ting CY, Liew SM, Price A, Gan GG, Bee-Lan Ong D, Tan SY, et al.

Crit Rev Oncol Hematol, 2019 Dec;144:102818.

PMID: 31733445 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.102818

The clinical significance of aberrantly expressed microRNAs in predicting treatment response to chemotherapy in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients (DLBCL) remains uncertain. Feasibility of microRNA testing to predict treatment outcome was evaluated. Twenty-two types of aberrantly expressed microRNAs were associated with poor treatment response; pooled hazard ratio (HR) was 2.14 [95%CI:1.78-2.57, P

Matched MeSH terms: Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse*

Bilateral chylothorax in paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

Menon BS, Juraida E, Mahfuzah M, Hishamshah I

Br J Haematol, 2006 Feb;132(3):253.

PMID: 16409288

Matched MeSH terms: Burkitt Lymphoma/complications*

High frequency of germinal centre derivation in diffuse large B cell lymphoma from Asian patients

Shia AK, Gan GG, Jairaman S, Peh SC

J Clin Pathol, 2005 Sep;58(9):962-7.

PMID: 16126878

Recent reports have divided diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) into germinal centre B cell-like and activated B cell-like subgroups with implicated differences in prognosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics; Lymphoma, B-Cell/immunology; Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology*; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/immunology; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology*

Fulltext Primary large B cell lymphoma of the parotid gland: case report

Almothafar, B., Wong, L., Noorafidah, M.D.

JUMMEC, 2011;14(1):26-30.

MyJurnal

Primary parotid lymphoma is uncommon and rarely suspected. In most cases, the disease would have disseminated at the time of diagnosis. We describe a case of primary non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the parotid gland which progressed to the central nervous system. Clinical history is of limited value in identifying this condition. Diagnostic imaging studies (CT or MRI) may indicate whether or not the mass is salivary in origin but do not help to confirm the diagnosis. In this case, it was deemed that FNA alone is incapable of determining the precise histological subtype for lymphoma, whilst a tru-cut biopsy demonstrated a more sensitive method of determining the diagnosis. The lessons learned from this case would prove useful for other health care providers to make an early diagnosis and hopefully manage more effectively if similar conditions appear in their practice. Performing the appropriate measures can help to not only improve the prognosis but may even avert the prospect of unnecessary surgery.

Matched MeSH terms: Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin

Malignant tumours in west Malaysia

Kutty MK, Balasegaram M

J R Coll Surg Edinb, 1972 Mar;17(2):102-7.

PMID: 5021743

Matched MeSH terms: Burkitt Lymphoma/epidemiology

Fulltext Utilization of a Mixture Cure Rate Model based on the Generalized Modified Weibull Distribution for the Analysis of Leukemia Patients

Omer ME, Abu Bakar M, Adam M, Mustafa M

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2021 Apr 01;22(4):1045-1053.

PMID: 33906295 DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.4.1045

OBJECTIVE: Cure rate models are survival models, commonly applied to model survival data with a cured fraction. In the existence of a cure rate, if the distribution of survival times for susceptible patients is specified, researchers usually prefer cure models to parametric models. Different distributions can be assumed for the survival times, for instance, generalized modified Weibull (GMW), exponentiated Weibull (EW), and log-beta Weibull. The purpose of this study is to select the best distribution for uncured patients' survival times by comparing the mixture cure models based on the GMW distribution and its particular cases.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A data set of 91 patients with high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) followed for five years from 1982 to 1987 was chosen for fitting the mixture cure model. We used the maximum likelihood estimation technique via R software 3.6.2 to obtain the estimates for parameters of the proposed model in the existence of cure rate, censored data, and covariates. For the best model choice, the Akaike information criterion (AIC) was implemented.

RESULTS: After comparing different parametric models fitted to the data, including or excluding cure fraction, without covariates, the smallest AIC values were obtained by the EW and the GMW distributions, (953.31/969.35) and (955.84/975.99), respectively. Besides, assuming a mixture cure model based on GMW with covariates, an estimated ratio between cure fractions for allogeneic and autologous bone marrow transplant groups (and its 95% confidence intervals) were 1.42972 (95% CI: 1.18614 - 1.72955).

CONCLUSION: The results of this study reveal that the EW and the GMW distributions are the best choices for the survival times of Leukemia patients.
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Matched MeSH terms: Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/mortality*

Fulltext Anticancer activity of Cyathula prostrata (Linn) Blume against Dalton's lymphomae in mice model

Mayakrishnan V, Kannappan P, Shanmugasundaram K, Abdullah N

Pak J Pharm Sci, 2014 Nov;27(6):1911-7.

PMID: 25362615

Cyathula prostrata (Linn) Blume herbs are commonly used for the treatment of inﬂammatory and pain in Nigeria. The objective of the present study was to assess the antitumor and antioxidant activity of Cyathula prostrata (Linn) Blume in mice model. The treatment of Dalton's lymphoma ascites cells induced tumor by the methanolic extract of Cyathula prostrata was determined at concentration of 100 mg/ kg body weight given orally for 11 days, antitumor activity was assessed by monitoring the mean survival time, body weight, effect on hematological parameters, antioxidant enzyme levels and histopathological evidence. The results showed that the methanolic extract of Cyathula prostrata increased the survival period of animals, decreased the body weight and also altered many hematological markers and also restored the antioxidant enzymes when compared to the mice of the DLA control group. These findings indicate that the methanolic extract of C. prostrata has anti-tumor activity by preventing the lipid peroxidation and thereby promoting the antioxidant systems in Dalton's lymphoma ascites induced mice. So, these extract could be a natural anticancer agent for human health.

Matched MeSH terms: Lymphoma/drug therapy*

Fulltext Combination of Pyridoxine and Thiamine Treatment in Bilateral Induced Ptosis in a Child: Case Report and Review of Literature

Chai KS, Norsarwany M, Shatriah I

Cureus, 2017 Aug 16;9(8):e1573.

PMID: 29057185 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.1573

Ptosis is a rare side effect of vincristine chemotherapy in patients treated for cancer. We report a case of a child with common B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia who developed bilateral moderate ptosis following the chemotherapy protocol of the United Kingdom Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) regimen A. The patient showed dramatic clinical improvement after a combination of oral pyridoxine and thiamine treatment. We provide a literature review of this uncommon presentation.

Matched MeSH terms: Burkitt Lymphoma; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma

Fulltext Malignant lymphoma in children: University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur 1967-1980

Sinniah D, Tan BE, Lin HP

Singapore Med J, 1983 Jun;24(3):140-4.

PMID: 6635676

Malignant lymphoma constitutes the third most common childhood malignancy seen at the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur and can be categorised into Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Both diseases demonstrate a higher preference for Chinese males. The majority of patients presented with stage IV disease. High default rate and poor compliance to treatment were associated with poor overall cure rates but encouraging results have been obtained in those who adhered to therapy. There is an obvious need to educate the public on the improved outlook 'or childhood malignancies and 'or earlier referral to help reduce the higher mortality and morbidity associated with advanced disease.

Matched MeSH terms: Lymphoma/epidemiology*

Fulltext Splenic lymphoma with hypersplenism--a case report

Ng SC, Kuperan P, Jayalakshmi P, Chua CT

Singapore Med J, 1990 Feb;31(1):80-2.

PMID: 2185555

A 47-year old man had hypersplenism from massive splenomegaly, the cause of which was undetermined for 2 years. He was initially asymptomatic though there was mild pancytopenia. However, 18 months after presentation he manifested both clinical and haematological deterioration, almost succumbing to sepsis. Splenectomy finally provided a definite diagnosis of follicular lymphoma and also restored his blood counts to within normal range.

Matched MeSH terms: Lymphoma, Follicular/complications*

Fulltext Association of Genetic Ancestry With the Molecular Subtypes and Prognosis of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Lee SHR, Antillon-Klussmann F, Pei D, Yang W, Roberts KG, Li Z, et al.

JAMA Oncol, 2022 Mar 01;8(3):354-363.

PMID: 35084434 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2021.6826

IMPORTANCE: Racial and ethnic disparities persist in the incidence and treatment outcomes of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, there is a paucity of data describing the genetic basis of these disparities, especially in association with modern ALL molecular taxonomy and in the context of contemporary treatment regimens.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of genetic ancestry with childhood ALL molecular subtypes and outcomes of modern ALL therapy.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This multinational, multicenter genetic association study was conducted from March 1, 2000, to November 20, 2020, among 2428 children and adolescents with ALL enrolled in frontline trials from the United States, South East Asia (Singapore and Malaysia), and Latin America (Guatemala), representing diverse populations of European, African, Native American, East Asian, and South Asian descent. Statistical analysis was conducted from February 3, 2020, to April 19, 2021.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Molecular subtypes of ALL and genetic ancestry were comprehensively characterized by performing RNA sequencing. Associations of genetic ancestries with ALL molecular subtypes and treatment outcomes were then evaluated.

RESULTS: Among the participants in the study, 1340 of 2318 (57.8%) were male, and the mean (SD) age was 7.8 (5.3) years. Of 21 ALL subtypes identified, 8 were associated with ancestry. East Asian ancestry was positively associated with the frequency of somatic DUX4 (odds ratio [OR], 1.30 [95% CI, 1.16-1.45]; P

Matched MeSH terms: Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma*

The Novel Role of the B-Cell Lymphoma/Leukemia 11A (BCL11A) Gene in β-Thalassaemia Treatment

Mahmoud Ahmed NH, Lai MI

Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets, 2023;22(4):226-236.

PMID: 36734897 DOI: 10.2174/1871529X23666230123140926

β-thalassaemia is a genetic disorder resulting in a reduction or absence of β-globin gene expression. Due to the high prevalence of β-thalassaemia and the lack of available treatment other than blood transfusion and haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation, the disease represents a considerable burden to clinical and economic systems. Foetal haemoglobin has an appreciated ameliorating effect in β-haemoglobinopathy, as the γ-globin chain substitutes the β-globin chain reduction by pairing with the excess α-globin chain in β-thalassaemia and reduces sickling in sickle cell disease (SCD). BCL11A is a critical regulator and repressor of foetal haemoglobin. Downregulation of BCL11A in adult erythroblasts and cell lines expressing adult haemoglobin led to a significant increase in foetal haemoglobin levels. Disruption of BCL11A erythroid enhancer resulted in disruption of the BCL11A gene solely in the erythroid lineages and increased γ-globin expression in adult erythroid cells. Autologous haematopoietic stem cell gene therapy represents an attractive treatment option to overcome the immune complications and donor availability associated with allogeneic transplantation. Using genome editing technologies, the disruption of BCL11A to induce γ- globin expression in HSCs has emerged as an alternative approach to treat β-thalassaemia. Targeting the +58 BCL11A erythroid enhancer or BCL11A binding motif at the γ-gene promoter with CRISPR-Cas9 or base editors has successfully disrupted the gene and the binding motif with a subsequent increment in HbF levels. This review outlines the critical role of BCL11A in γ-globin gene silencing and discusses the different genome editing approaches to downregulate BCL11A as a means for ameliorating β-thalassaemia.

Matched MeSH terms: Lymphoma, B-Cell*

Relationship between oral health status and hematological values in pediatric leukemic patients: an evaluative survey

Venkataraghavan K, Majithia U, Choudhary P, Trivedi K, Shah S

J Contemp Dent Pract, 2016 Jan-Feb;15(5):614-7.

PMID: 25707835

INTRODUCTION: Leukemia is a malignancy of the bone marrow and constitutes 30% of all childhood cancers. The leukemic condition itself and its therapy cause oral signs and symptoms with significant morbidity.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to review the oral health status in children with leukemia and relate the gingival and periodontal findings to the changes in their hematological values.
MATERIALS AND METHOD: The oral health status in 47 pediatric leukemic patients in the age group of 6 to 14 years was assessed using the dmft/DMFT index, OHI(S) index and modified gingival index (MGI). Their hematological reports on the day of examination were obtained. The patients were divided into three groups based on the status of treatment. The relation between the platelet count and the WBC count with the MGI score was checked.
RESULTS: The highest dmf and DMF scores were seen in patients who were currently under treatment. Though an inverse relation was seen between the platelet count and the MGI score, a statistically significant value was not obtained.
CONCLUSION: A longitudinal follow-up of patients should be carried out in order to establish a relation between the hematological parameters and the gingival inflammation score

Matched MeSH terms: Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/blood*; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/drug therapy; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/radiotherapy

Fulltext A case of t(14; 18)-negative follicular lymphoma with atypical immunophenotype: usefulness of immunoarchitecture of Ki67, CD79a and follicular dendritic cell meshwork in making the diagnosis

Wong Y, Abdul-Rahman F, Samsudin AT, Masir N

Malays J Pathol, 2014 Aug;36(2):125-9.

PMID: 25194535 MyJurnal

Follicular lymphoma is characterised by the t(14;18)(q32;q21) chromosomal translocation causing BCL2 protein overexpression. A proportion of follicular lymphomas do not carry the t(14;18) translocation and lacked BCL2 protein expression. We describe a case of a BCL2 protein- and t(14;18)-negative follicular lymphoma that caused diagnostic difficulty. The usefulness of several immunomarkers including Ki67, CD79a and CD21 in aiding the diagnosis is discussed. The patient is a 51-year-old male who presented with gradually enlarging lymphadenopathy. Histopathological examination of the lymph node showed complete architectural effacement by neoplastic follicles containing expanded CD21-positive follicular dendritic cell meshwork. The neoplastic cells expressed pan-B cell markers (CD20, CD79a) and germinal centre marker (BCL6) but not BCL2 and CD10. Of interest are the staining patterns of Ki67 and CD79a. We observed that the Ki67- positive proliferating cells were evenly distributed within the neoplastic follicles without zonation. In addition, CD79a was homogeneously strong within the neoplastic follicles. These staining patterns were distinctly different from that observed in reactive lymphoid follicles. Fluorescent insitu hybridisation (FISH) analysis however showed absence of BCL2 gene rearrangement. Despite the atypical immunophenotype and lack of BCL2 gene rearrangement, the diagnosis of follicular lymphoma was made based on careful observation of the morphology as well as immunoarchitecture of the Ki67, CD79a and CD21 markers.

Matched MeSH terms: Lymphoma, Follicular/genetics; Lymphoma, Follicular/metabolism; Lymphoma, Follicular/pathology*

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