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  1. Tuberculous meningitis: diagnostic and management pitfalls
    Khairul Azman Mohd. Khalid, Hussain Imam Mohd Ismail, Mohd Sham Kasim
    Malaysian Journal of Child Health, 1992;4(1):16-19.
    MyJurnal
    The diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) demands a high index of suspicion. The prognosis depends on the stage of the disease the diagnosis is made and how early the treatment is instituted. The outcome of the disease is very poor when the diagnosis and treatment are late. This is what happened to this child, a 7-year-old Malay girl who presented at stage III TBM. The diagnosis was confirmed by a positive culture of M. tuberculosis from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The delay in the diagnosis in this child had catastrophic consequences. She had hydrocephalus at presentation; however ventricular drainage was not done because parental consent was not obtained. She was started on acetazolamide and frusemide, and daily lumbar puncture in an attempt to reduce the raised intracranial pressure (ICP) in addition to anti-tuberculous chemotherapy. However when she showed no improvement, an external lumbar drain was inserted. The CSF was checked daily and the level of protein and glucose became normal after 6 weeks. The CT scan showed improvement of the hydrocephalus. However, the girl remained severely disabled after treatment and had to be fed via nasogastric tube and needed constant nursing care.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glucose
  2. Fulltext Impact of pharmacist-managed diabetes medication therapy adherence clinic (DMTAC) in government health clinics
    Lee XY, Selvadurai S, Cheah KY, Noh NB, Gan CB, Teng J, et al.
    Malaysian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 2015;13(1):43-51.
    MyJurnal
    Pharmacist-managed DMTAC has been set up in Malaysia government healthcare facilities to assist diabetic patients in improving their medication adherence level and glycaemic control. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of pharmacist involvement in a DMTAC programme on patient glycaemic control in 14 government health clinics in Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya. This multi-centre retrospective study collected DMTAC patient demographics, medication regimens, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, Modified Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMMAS) data, and percentages of understanding towards their medications (based on information retrieved and reviewed from their DMTAC booklets). The data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 21.0. Fifty six patients were involved in this study. The mean HbA1c reduction (SD) of the pre- and post-intervention groups showed a statistically significant
    improvement of 1.0% (1.70) (p<0.001); decreasing from 10.7% (1.51) pre-intervention to 9.7% (1.75) post-intervention. The mean medication understanding score for the postintervention group was 97.6% (7.32), which was significantly higher than the preintervention group score of 92.2% (13.61) (p = 0.005). The mean MMMAS of the postintervention group was 7.4 (1.19), which was significantly higher than the pre-intervention group mean MMMAS of 6.5 (2.33) (p = 0.001). This study demonstrated an improvement in glycaemic control, medication understanding, and adherence level among T2DM patients who were enrolled in a pharmacist-managed DMTAC programme.
    Keywords: Diabetes, Diabetes Medication Adherence Therapy Clinic (DMTAC), Endocrine, Pharmacist, HbA1c, Medication adherence, Medication understanding
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose
  3. Fulltext Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in metabolic syndrome patients in serdang hospital: quantification by contrast-enhanced computed tomography
    Subapriya Suppiah, Lee, Roy-Ming Chow, Nor Sharmin Sazali, Hasyma Abu Hassan
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2016;12(1):9-18.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is one of the end organ damage detected
    in patients having metabolic syndrome X and it can lead to chronic liver failure. Therefore, it is
    important to be able to assess the condition in a quantifiable manner to help clinicians recognize
    and treat this disease. Objective: We aimed to determine the prevalence of NAFLD in patients with
    metabolic syndrome in Serdang Hospital, Malaysia using contrast-enhanced multidetector computed
    tomography (CECT) abdominal scan. The study also aimed to calculate the quantification of NAFLD
    using liver to spleen density CT Hounsfield Unit ratio, CTL/S or CTL/S measurement using abdominal
    CECT scans. Furthermore, we aimed to verify the correlation of dyslipidemia with NAFLD based on
    the CTL/S parameter. Materials and Method: We conducted a cross-sectional retrospective study in
    Hospital Serdang, Malaysia using data from January 2012 to December 2013. The sample size was 279
    patients with metabolic syndrome who had undergone CECT abdominal scan. Patient demographics
    were descriptively analysed. Spearman’s correlation test was used to look for association among lipid
    profile, blood sugar level and CTL/S ratio. Results: The prevalence of NAFLD in metabolic syndrome
    patients in our population was 82.8%. Prevalence of NAFLD was high among the elderly population (≥
    57 years old). Additionally, Indian ethnics with metabolic syndrome had the highest risk of developing
    NAFLD (90.9%). There was a significant association between elevated LDL levels and CTL/S ratio
    (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose
  4. Biochemical studies of Piper betle L Leaf Extract on Obese Treated Animal using 1H-NMR-Based Metabolomic Approach of Blood Serum Samples
    Abdul Ghani ZD, Husin JM, Rashid AH, Shaari K, Chik Z
    J Ethnopharmacol, 2016 Oct 7.
    PMID: 27725236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.022
    Piper Betle L. (PB) belongs to the Piperaceae family. The presence of a fairly large quantity of diastase in the betel leaf is deemed to play an important role in starch digestion and calls for the study of weight loss activities and metabolite profile from PB leaf extracts using metabolomics approach to be performed. PB dried leaves were extracted with 70% ethanol and the extracts were subjected to five groups of rats fed with high fat (HF) and standard diet (SD). They were then fed with the extracts in two doses and compared with a negative control group given water only according to the study protocol. The body weights and food intakes were monitored every week. At the end of the study, blood serum of the experimental animal was analysed to determine the biochemical and metabolite changes. PB treated group demonstrated inhibition of body weight gain without showing an effect on the food intake. In serum bioassay, the PB treated group (HF/PB (100mg/kg and 500mg/kg) showed an increased in glucose and cholesterol levels compared to the Standard Diet (SD/WTR) group, a decrease in LDL level and increase in HDL level when compared with High Fat Diet (HF/WTR) group. For metabolite analysis, two separation models were made to determine the metabolite changes via group activities. The best separation of PCA serum in Model 1 and 2 was achieved in principle component 1 and principle component 2. SUS-Plot model showed that HF group was characterized by high-level of glucose, glycine and alanine. Increase in the β-hydroxybutyrate level similar with SD group animals was evident in the HF/PB(500mg/kg) group. This finding suggested that the administration of 500mg/kg PB extracts leads to increase in oxidation process in the body thus maintaining the body weight and without giving an effect on the appetite even though HF was continuously consumed by the animals until the end of the studies and also a reduction in food intake, thus maintaining their body weight although they were continuously consumed HF.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glucose
  5. Insulin Receptor Isoform Variations in Prostate Cancer Cells
    Perks CM, Zielinska HA, Wang J, Jarrett C, Frankow A, Ladomery MR, et al.
    Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 2016;7:132.
    PMID: 27733843
    Men who develop prostate cancer (PCa) increasingly have one of the co-morbidities associated with a Western lifestyle that are characterized by hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia and increased expression of insulin-like growth factors-I (IGF-I) and IGF-II. Each have been associated with poor prognosis and more aggressive cancers that exhibit increased metabolism and increased glucose uptake. The insulin receptor (IR) has two splice isoforms IR-A and IR-B: IR-A has a higher affinity for IGF-II comparable to that for insulin, whereas the IR-B isoform predominantly just binds to insulin. In this study, we assessed alterations in the IR-A and IR-B isoform ratio and associated changes in cell proliferation and migration of PCa cell lines following exposure to altered concentrations of glucose and treatment with IGF-II and insulin. We observed that where IR-B predominated insulin had a greater effect on migration than IGF-II and IGF-II was more effective when IR-A was the main isoform. With regard to proliferation IGF-II was more effective than insulin regardless of which isoform was dominant. We assessed the abundance of the IR isoforms both in vivo and in vitro and observed that the majority of the tissue samples and cell lines expressed more IR-A than IR-B. Alterations in the isoforms in response to changes in their hormonal milieu could have a profound impact on how malignant cells behave and play a role in promoting carcinogenesis. A greater understanding of the mechanisms underlying changes in alternative splicing of the IR may provide additional targets for future cancer therapies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glucose
  6. Fulltext Cardiovascular risks among shift and non-shift workers in a public medical centre in Kuala Lumpur
    Moy, F.M., Hoe, V.C.W., Tan, C.P.L., Rosmawati, M.
    JUMMEC, 2010;13(1):45-49.
    MyJurnal
    Night work and rotating shift work are found to be detrimental to the health of workers. A cross sectional analytical study was conducted among the employees of a public medical centre in Kuala Lumpur. A total of 380 employees participated in the health screening and questionnaire survey. The majority of the respondents were Malays, females, and with mean age of 49 years old. The shift workers persistently had higher but non-significant proportions of being overweight/obesity and unhealthy clinical indicators such as systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and lipid profile except waist circumferences and HDL-cholesterol. There were also slightly more shift workers diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, hypertension or coronary heart disease (p>0.05). Although the present study could not provide established evidence for a relationship between shift work and cardiovascular risks, this could serve as a pilot study for future studies in this area.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose
  7. Fulltext Antifungal effect of Malaysian neem leaf extract on selected fungal species causing otomycosis in in-vitro culture medium
    Puvan Arul Arumugam, Irfan Mohamad, Rosdan Salim, Zeehaida Mohamed
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2015;11(2):69-84.
    MyJurnal
    Azadirachta indica (neem) has been used for a long time in agricultural and alternative medicine. Neem
    had been proved effective against certain fungi that could infect human body. This pilot study aims to
    demonstrate the antifungal effect of Malaysian neem leaf extracts on the pathogenic fungi in otomycosis,
    Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. This is a laboratory-controlled prospective study conducted at
    Universiti Sains Malaysia. The powder form of Malaysian neem leaf was prepared. Ethanol and aqueous
    extracts of the neem leaf was diluted with sterile water to establish five different concentrations of 50 g/
    ml, 25 g/ml, 12.5 g/ml, 6.25 g/ml and 3.125g/ml. The extract was tested on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar
    suspended with Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger respectively. Well diffusion method was used
    and zone of inhibition was measured. Growth of the fungi was inhibited in both alcohol and aqueous
    extract concentrations. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Malaysian neem aqueous extract
    against Candida albicans was 11.91 g/ml, neem ethanol extract against Candida albicans was 5.16 g/
    ml, neem aqueous extract against Aspergillus niger was 7.73 g/ml and neem ethanol extract against
    Aspergillus niger was 9.25 g/ml. Statistical analysis showed that the antifungal activity of Candida
    albicans is better in alcohol neem than aqueous extract (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Glucose
  8. Severe mental retardation following asymptomatic hypoglycaemia in an infant with nesidioblastosis
    Rahmah, R., Wu, L.L., Roziana, A., Swaminathan, M., Kuhnle, U.
    Malaysian Journal of Child Health, 1997;9(1):93-96.
    MyJurnal
    Nesidioblastosis is a rare metabolic disease characterised by inappropriate insulin secretion often associated with life-threatening hypoglycaemia. While severe cases present in the newborn period, patients have been described later in infancy. Familial cases suggest an autosomal recessive trait, and recently mutations in the sulphonlurea receptor gene, possibly a regulator of insulin secretion, have been identified and associated with disease expression. We report a twin boy who developed normally until the age of six months when he was noted to regress. The boy is the older twin born to non-consanguinous parents. He presented to a hospital first at the age of 13 months with fever and generalised seizures. Low blood glucose was noted, but he recovered easily and was able to maintain euglycaemia during a 48-hour period of observation. Microcephaly and developmental delay were documented and anticonvulsant therapy was started. At 18 months, low blood glucose with high C-peptide was documented during reevaluation. Follow-ing a short trial of subcutaneous long-acting somatostatin analogue, the child was subjected to near-total pancreatectomy. The histology revealed findings consistent with nesidioblastosis. The child's condition improved but he remained significantly delayed This case emphasises the importance of recognising and treating hypoglycaemia early to avoid irreversible brain damage. It is interesting to note that the twin brother has always been well and is developmentally normal. Further studies to identify the inheritance pattern in the family would be of great interest.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose
  9. Fulltext An audit of type 2 diabetes care in a Malaysian public community polyclinic
    Chew BH, Palikat JM, Nur Syamimi A, Nor Azillah A, See JK, Hafiz AR, et al.
    Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2012;20(1):97-102.
    MyJurnal
    Adequate and proper diabetes care in any practice is paramount and deems to be the fundamental requirement for good diabetes control. This is an audit of type 2 diabetes care process in a public Polyclinic, with the objectives of studying the quality of diabetic care provided in terms of clinical and managerial performance and also to give recommendations on improving its diabetes care delivery. The audit was done on patients' medical records selected via systematic random sampling. Patients who have been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus for more than 2 years, and those who have come for follow-up at least twice in between 1st October 2008 and 30th September 2009 by the medical officer and/or family medicine specialist. Patients with gestational diabetes mellitus and Type 1 diabetes mellitus were excluded. A total of 100 medical records were audited. 51% were female and 82% were in the 40-69 age group. Measurements of blood glucose and blood pressure were done at each follow-up at the polyclinic at 96% and 93% of the times, respectively. Within the past one year, HbA1c was performed in 46% of the patients, while renal profile was screened in 66% of the patients and urine protein was tested in 59% of the diabetics. Only 15% had their eyes screened by fundus camera. The diabetes care process at this public polyclinic was unsatisfactory, as many annual blood tests were not done and complications screening were also omitted. Thus, an urgent intervention is recommend in order to rectify these inadequacies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose
  10. Fulltext Determinants of glucose control among elderly diabetics in Kulim
    Rahmah MA, Noraishah J
    Medicine & Health, 2011;6(2):78-85.
    MyJurnal
    Globally, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and the average life expectancy is on the rise. As diabetes mellitus is commonly associated with old age, it is very important to ensure good glucose control to reduce complications and improve quality of life. A cross sectional study was conducted among elderly diabetics in Kulim with the aim to determine the prevalence of glucose control and its associated factors. Three hundred and twenty nine respondents were chosen through stratified random sampling in all the seven health clinics in Kulim. Respondents were interviewed personally using a structured questionnaire. HbA1c level of 6.5% and below was considered as good glucose control. Prevalence of good glucose control was 22.5%. Being male (Adjusted prevalence odds ratio, APOR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.02-3.00), age of 70 years and above (APOR = 2.48, 95% CI: 1.40-4.39) and duration of diabetes less than five years (APOR = 2.10, 95% CI:1.21-3.64 ) were found to have significant association with good glucose control. As a conclusion, this study showed that the low prevalence of good glucose control was determined by gender, age and duration of illness.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose
  11. Fulltext Factors associated with metabolic syndrome among psychiatric outpatients with major depressive disorder
    Hat, H.T., Shahrul Azhar, M.H., Chong, L.L., Ee, W.S., Amirah, R., Hazli, Z., et al.
    Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 2011;20(2):1-13.
    MyJurnal
    Background: Metabolic Syndrome is a major concern for the general population but more so for depressed patients. While it is well established that it is highly prevalent among patients who are depressed, none of the local studies identified the factors contributing to the syndrome.
    Objective: This study aimed to determine the rate of metabolic syndrome and its associated factors (socio-demographic, clinical features and lifestyle risk factors) in depressed patients.
    Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on patients with major depressive disorders (MDD) attending psychiatric outpatient clinic in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC), a teaching hospital in Kuala Lumpur. A total of 72 outpatients who fulfilled the selection criteria were informed to fast prior to blood taking. The diagnosis of MDD was made based on Diagnostic Statistical Manual Version IV (DSM-IV) while the metabolic syndrome diagnosis was made using the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria based on the patients’ waist circumference, blood pressure, serum glucose level and lipid profile.
    Results: The rates of metabolic syndrome was 37.5% (n = 27). The results showed significant associations between metabolic syndrome and race (p = 0.043), illness duration (p = 0.043) and pre-existing hyperlipidaemia (p = 0.032). Interestingly, lifestyle factors like physical activity (p = 0.762), dietary intake (p = 0.671), severity of depression (p = 0.161) and the different types of medications (p = 0.242 to 1.000) were not found to significantly associated with metabolic syndrome among the study sample.
    Conclusions: Metabolic syndrome was found to be disproportionately high among depressed patients. Two significant factors associated with this syndrome were race and long duration of depression (ten years or more). This study suggests that early screening and identification can be beneficial to be incorporated in the management of depression in anticipation of future complications.

    Study site: Psychiatric clinic, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM)
    Matched MeSH terms: Glucose
  12. Fulltext Prevalence of obesity, lipid and glucose abnormalities in outpatients prescribed clozapine in University Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur
    Sharmilla, T., Ahmad, H.S., Jambunathan, S.T.
    Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 2008;17(2):1-10.
    MyJurnal
    Objective: The objectives of this study were to asses body mass index, fasting blood sugar , serum cholesterol levels and prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus among outpatients attending the Clozapine clinic at University Malaya Medical Center. Method: 36 patients had their height and weight taken at the start of the study. Their BMI (body mass index) was calculated. Fasting blood sugar, (FBS) and Fasting Serum Lipid (FSL) were performed. Result: The mean body mass index was 24.63. The prevalence of obesity was 13.89%. The prevalence of overweight was 27.8 % and the prevalence of underweight was 5.55%. The prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus was 2.78 %. Serum triglyceride levels appear to be elevated in those receiving Clozapine.Conclusion: It appears that Clozapine may predispose one to obesity. From our study we cannot conclude if Clozapine causes Diabetes Mellitus. However treatment with Clozapine may be associated with elevated levels of serum triglycerides.

    Study site: Clozapine clinic at University Malaya Medical Center
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose
  13. Fulltext Cigarette smoking and cardiovascular risk factor among male youth population
    Raihan, K., Azmawati, M.N.
    Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2013;13(1):28-36.
    MyJurnal
    The leading cause of mortality in Malaysia is coronary heart disease (CHD). Several cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors contribute to this problem and smoking is one of the main modifiable risk factor. Most of the patients started smoking early during youth period. This study aimed to determine the association and to predict the cigarette smoking and cardiovascular risk factors among the male youth. A cross sectional study was conducted by self-administered data sheets, physical examinations: blood pressure measurement and body mass index calculation, blood taking procedure for blood glucose, total cholesterol and HDL-C levels. The results showed that the glycemic status was significantly associated with smoking status (p=0.048) however, there was no significant association for smokers and risk of developing diabetes mellitus compared to non smokers although smokers had higher odd ratio (OR: 4.33; 95%CI: 0.900-20.811) (p=0.068). Interestingly, for daily exposure of smoking, those who smoke 5 cigarette and less was significantly associated with high systolic blood pressure (p = 0.036) and smoking showed protective trend against systolic hypertension (OR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.266-1.230), however, it was not significant (p=0.152). In conclusion, smoking among youth and its association with the cardiovascular risk factor should be addressed tactfully and early screening should be promptly done among the smoking youth for early prevention.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose
  14. Fulltext Blood glucose level and other biochemical changes induced in normal mice by oral Traditional Chinese Medicine complex for diabetes (TCM-D™)
    Donald, Koh Fook Chen, Joon, Wah Mak, Soo, Shen Ooi, Kwai Hoe Chong, Kok, Fee Mak
    International e-Journal of Science, Medicine & Education, 2012;6(2):24-31.
    MyJurnal
    Background: A number of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) preparations are being used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Some components of these preparations have biochemical effects other than those of lowering blood glucose and indeed have been used for other medical indications in traditional practice. The primary objective of the study was to determine the effect of the oral mixture of Traditional Chinese Medicine for diabetes (TCM-D™ complex) on blood glucose level and the biochemical changes if any, on the liver (ALT, AST, gamma-GT, albumin, globulin) and renal (blood creatinine, urea) functions in normal mice. The oral mixture is an aqueous extract of four wellknown traditional Chinese medicinal herbs and consists of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim., Paeonia lactiflora Pall., Glycyrrhiza uranlensis Fisch., and Panax ginseng (red) CA Meyer in the proportion of 36%, 28%, 18%, and 18% respectively of the dry weight. These herbs have
    been shown to have blood glucose lowering activity and have been used for other traditional medicinal purposes.The safety of the combination was evaluated in the present study. Methods: Experimental Balb/c mice were treated orally via gastric tube with the extract at daily doses equivalent to 1 and 10 times the recommended human dose for 8 weeks. Blood glucose and other biochemical profiles were monitored at pre-treatment and monthly posttreatment until killed. Results: When compared to pre-treatment levels, the blood glucose levels were significantly lower in treated animals compared to those in the control group. At the recommended TCM-D™ dose the levels in treated animals were significantly lower than that of control animals and at pre-treatment. When compared with pre-treatment, the glucose levels were lowest at Week 8 of treatment, the mean levels being 111.23%, 83.32% and 70.33% in control, and in animals given 1 x and 10 x the recommended TCM-D™ dosage respectively. The blood glucose lowering effect was also associated with a significant weight loss in treated animals. There were transient increases in AST and ALT levels but these reverted to normal at Week 8 of treatment. The levels of bilirubin, g-GT, albumin, creatinine and blood urea were also not significantly different at Week 8 from pre-treatment levels in all groups. Conclusion: Even at 10 times the dosage recommended for humans, TCM-D™ did not affect the liver and renal functions of treated animals. Treated and control animals remained healthy and normal throughout the period of observation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose
  15. Fulltext Adoption of the mobile health screening programme for farming communities: a study among pesticide-exposed farmers from north east of Peninsular Malaysia
    Zariyantey Abdul Hamid, Zaliha Harun, Syarif Husin Lubis, Nihayah Mohamed, Ismarulyusda Ishak, Hidayatul Fathi Othman, et al.
    Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2014;12(2):63-70.
    MyJurnal
    Health awareness promotion among farming communities are important for a sustainable agriculture activities. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess health status among farming communities in Cameron Highlands, Pahang (n = 61) and Bachok and Pasir Puteh, Kelantan (n = 143). Mobile Health Screening Programme composed of assessment of blood glucose, blood cholesterol, haemoglobin, blood pressure, pterygium, lung function and nerve conductive velocity was utilized. Our results indicate that the percentage of Cameron Highland’s farmers with hyperglycaemia, systolic hypertension, diastolic hypertension and anaemia were 8.2%, 14.8%, 11.5% and 8.2%, respectively. However, higher percentage of farmers in Bachok and Pasir Puteh, Kelantan with hyperglycaemia (32.8%), hypercholesterolaemia (83%), anaemia (24.2%) and systolic hypertension (41.9%) were observed. Pterygium was positive for 88.6% of farmers in Cameron Highlands and 94.4% in Bachok and Pasir Puteh. Lung function test shows that 61.7% and 11.4% of farmers in Cameron Highlands had restrictive and obstructive lung, respectively. In Bachok and Pasir Puteh, a total of 19.8%, 55.5% and 23.9% of farmers were found to have obstructive, restrictive and combined obstructive and restrictive lung, respectively. Current Perception Threshold (CPT) value which indicate nerve conductive velocity were significantly increased (p < 0.05) among Cameron Highland’s farmers for both median and peroneal nerve at all frequencies (5 Hz, 250 Hz and 2000 Hz). In Bachok and Pasir Puteh, the values of the CPT for median nerve was significantly increased (p < 0.05) for all frequencies (5, 250 and 2000 Hz). Meanwhile, a signifi cant increased (p < 0.05) was observed for the CPT values for peroneal nerve at the frequencies of 250 and 2000 Hz as compared to control groups. In conclusion, analysis revealed different health problem among the studied farming communities which could be influenced by the differences in farming practices. Thus, employed Mobile Health Screening Programme offers a monitoring approach that could highlight the need for suitable health services and awareness programmes for different farming communities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose
  16. Fulltext Glycaemic Control, Lipid Profile, Blood Pressure and Body Weight Status Among Diabetics in Rural Malaysia
    Hazizi, A.S., Zaitun, Y., Kandiah, M., Chan, S.P.
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2009;8(2):21-28.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Diabetes is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular disease. The management of blood glucose, dyslipidaemia and other modifiable risk factor, is a key element in the multifactorial approach to prevent complications of type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted to determine the level of glycaemic control, lipid profile, blood pressure and body weight status among type 2 diabetics in rural Malaysia. A total of 237 diabetic subjects participated in this study. Physical examination was carried out, including measurements of height, weight, waist and hip circumferences, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Fasting venous blood samples were collected to determine the glucose level and lipid profile. Results: About 70% of the subjects had a high body mass index (BMI), equal to or above 25 kg/m2. More than 60% of the subjects had systolic blood pressure >= 140 mmHg and/or diastolic >=90 mmHg. Mean fasting blood glucose was 9.84±4.54 mmol/L. Mean total cholesterol was 5.18±1.35 mmol/L. High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) and triglyceride (TG) and glucose levels were higher in male than in female, but not statistically significant (p>0.05). However, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) was higher in females than males (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose
  17. Fulltext Medical Complications Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at a General Hospital in East Coast Malaysia
    Noor Hasimah, M., Nurhanani, M.N., Ramli, M.
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2010;9(1):15-19.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolite disorder with high potential of multisystemic medical complications especially among poorly controlled patients. This study was conducted at Raja Perempuan Zainab II Hospital, Kota Bharu with objectives to explore the pattern of common diabetic mellitus type 2 complications and to compare between gender and races in relation to other risk factors during their hospitalization. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study based on patients’ record involving 215 patients (110 women and 105 men) who were admitted with diabetic complications in medical ward for a period of 6 months (January to June 2006) Results: Out of total 300 identifi ed subjects, 285 case notes were traceable. From 285, 84.6% (241 subjects) were diagnosed as DM type 2. 215 out of 241 subjects (89.2%) had one or more diabetic complications. In general the most common diabetic complication was diabetic nephropathy 34.9% (75 patients). When we compared between genders, diabetic foot ulcers was the most common diabetic complications among males (43.8%) and diabetic nephropathy for females (40.9%). A total of 199 patients (92.6%) had poor blood sugar control during their hospitalization and 103 patients (47.9%) had hypertension. Conclusion: Patients with DM type 2 had a high prevalence of complications. Common diabetic complications among genders were varied. Patients with diabetic complications had high prevalence of risk factors such as poor blood sugar control, concomitant hypertension and smoking habit.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose
  18. Fulltext Hesperidin, a plant flavonoid accelerated the cutaneous wound healing in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: Role of TGF-ß/Smads and Ang-1/Tie-2 signaling pathways
    Li W, Kandhare AD, Mukherjee AA, Bodhankar SL
    EXCLI J, 2018;17:399-419.
    PMID: 29805347 DOI: 10.17179/excli2018-1036
    Background: Delayed wound healing is a diverse, multifactorial, complex and inter-related complication of diabetes resulting in significant clinical morbidity. Hesperidin possesses potent antidiabetic and wound healing activity. Aim: To evaluate the potential of hesperidin against experimentally induced diabetes foot ulcers. Methods: Diabetes was induced experimentally by streptozotocin (STZ, 55 mg/kg, i.p.) in Sprague Dawley rats (180-220 g) and wounds were created on the dorsal surface of the hind paw of rats. Hesperidin (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered for 21 days after wound stabilization. Various biochemical, molecular and histopathological parameters were evaluated in wound tissue. Results: STZ-induced decrease in body weight and increase in blood glucose, food, and water intake was significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited by hesperidin (50 and 100 mg/kg) treatment. It showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in percent wound closure and serum insulin level. The STZ-induced decrease in SOD and GSH level, as well as elevated MDA and NO levels, were significantly (p < 0.05) attenuated by hesperidin (50 and 100 mg/kg) treatment. Intraperitoneal administration of STZ caused significant down-regulation in VEGF-c, Ang-1, Tie-2, TGF-β and Smad 2/3 mRNA expression in wound tissues whereas hesperidin (50 and 100 mg/kg) treatment showed significant up-regulation in these mRNA expressions. STZ-induced alteration in would architecture was also attenuated by hesperidin (50 and 100 mg/kg) treatment. Conclusion: Together, treatment with hesperidin accelerate angiogenesis and vasculogenesis via up-regulation of VEGF-c, Ang-1/Tie-2, TGF-β and Smad-2/3 mRNA expression to enhance wound healing in chronic diabetic foot ulcers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose
  19. Fulltext Mapping 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose metabolism using PET/CT for the assessment of treatment response in non-small cell lung cancer patients undergoing epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor treatment: a single-centre experience
    Subapriya Suppiah, Fathinul Fikri Ahmad Saad, Nur Hafizah Mohad Azmi, Abdul Jalil Nordin
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2017;13(1):9-15.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Specific mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) characterize a subgroup of nonsmall
    cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients that may be highly responsive to receptor inhibitor therapy. 18F-FDG PET/CT
    scans can map the glucose metabolism and treatment response of NSCLC. Therefore, we aimed to assess the pattern
    of metabolic response and outcome of inoperable NSCLC treated with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)
    inhibitors, using 18F-FDG PET/CT scan. Methods: A retrospective study of inoperable NSCLC patients on EGFR
    inhibitor treatment that were referred for wholebody18F-FDG PET/CT scans was conducted based on cases scanned
    from January 2011 to June 2014. Comparison was made among serial attenuation-corrected fused PET/CT images for
    all study patients throughout the course of their treatment. Comparison based on PERCIST criteria was categorized
    into 4 levels ie. complete response (CMR), partial response (PMR), stable disease (SMD), progressive metabolic
    disease (PMD). Results: Overall, there were 5 patients identified, mean age: 57.4 years old +/- 2.9 years; The median
    survival time from initiation of EGFR inhibitor treatment to death was 17 months. Two patients showed initial partial
    metabolic response (PMR), two had progressive metabolic disease (PMD) and one had complete metabolic response
    (CMR) after the initiation of treatment. The patient with initial CMR had relapse and PMD 5 months later. Majority of
    patients eventually succumbed to their illness. Conclusions: Wholebody18F-FDG PET/CT is able to assess metabolic
    treatment response of NSCLC towards EGFR inhibitor treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glucose; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
  20. Fulltext The impact of self-efficacy education based on the health belief model in Iranian patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled intervention study
    Mohammadi S, Karim NA, Talib RA, Amani R
    Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2018 5 9;27(3):546-555.
    PMID: 29737801 DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.072017.07
    BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Type 2 diabetes is a chronic illness which can be managed by patients' commitment to self-care and self-efficacy behaviors.

    METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: A randomized controlled intervention study was carried out to determine the impact of self-efficacy education based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) in 240 patients with type 2 diabetes at the Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz, Iran between October 2014 and August 2015. The education duration was three months followed by a 24-week follow-up visit to determine the progress of the subjects. In this study, reliable and validated diabetes educational booklet and questionnaires based on knowledge, health beliefs and quality of life were used. The participants were randomly allocated to either the intervention group (n=120) or to the conventional dietary counseling group as controls (n=120), and assessed at the baseline, week 12 and week 36. The study was divided into primary outcome measurements consisting of glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, and anthropometric levels. Secondary outcome measures were related to nutrition knowledge, health beliefs and quality of life.

    RESULTS: The results showed that subjects in the intervention group had significantly better metabolic and glycemic profiles compared with those in the control group. It also showed that knowledge, health belief and quality of life significantly increased in the intervention group.

    CONCLUSIONS: Findings indicate that through tailored self-efficacy education, the quality of life and metabolic profile of diabetes patients can be improved.

    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose
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