MyMedR

Fulltext Platelet changes in healthy male smokers.Scientific views

Kosai N, Rajan R, Das S

Saudi Med J, 2015 Dec;36(12):1501.

PMID: 26620998 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2015.12.12885

Fulltext The Detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Virus in the Vaginal Fluid of Females With Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection: Scientific Facts

Ahmad MF, Mahakkanukrauh P, Das S

Clin Infect Dis, 2022 Jul 06;74(12):2262-2263.

PMID: 33085746 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1608

Fulltext Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19) Facts and Figures: What Every Dermatologist Should Know at this Hour of Need

Manchanda Y, Das S, De A

Indian J Dermatol, 2020;65(4):251-258.

PMID: 32831363 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.IJD_360_20

Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected India and the world as a whole, like nothing in the recent history and we, dermatologists, are also affected directly or indirectly. In this review, we have tried to address the COVID-19-related information we need to be aware of as a health-care professional. We have discussed the relevant details of the disease: the agent, the symptomatology, common preventive measures, investigations, and management outline. We have also discussed the implications of COVID-19 in dermatology practice and given a basic guideline for dermatology practice during the pandemic.

Ossification of caroticoclinoid ligament and its clinical importance in skull-based surgery

Das S, Suri R, Kapur V

Sao Paulo Med J, 2007 Nov 01;125(6):351-3.

PMID: 18317606

CONTEXT: The medial end of the posterior border of the sphenoid bone presents the anterior clinoid process (ACP), which is usually accessed for operations involving the clinoid space and the cavernous sinus. The ACP is often connected to the middle clinoid process (MCP) by a ligament known as the caroticoclinoid ligament (CCL), which may be ossified, forming the caroticoclinoid foramen (CCF). Variations in the ACP other than ossification are rare. The ossified CCL may have compressive effects on the internal carotid artery. Thus, anatomical and radiological knowledge of the ACP and the clinoid space is also important when operating on the internal carotid artery. Excision of the ACP may be required for many skull-based surgical procedures, and the presence of any anomalies such as ossified CCL may pose a problem for neurosurgeons.

CASE REPORT: We observed the presence of ossified CCL in a skull bone. A detailed radiological study of the CCL and the CCF was conducted. Morphometric measurements were recorded and photographs were taken. The ACP was connected to the MCP and was converted into a CCF. Considering the fact that standard anatomy textbooks do not provide morphological descriptions and radiological evaluations of the CCL, the present study may be important for neurosurgeons operating in the region of the ACP.

Evaluation of Anti-diarrheal Potential of Hydro-alcoholic Extracts of Leaves of Murraya koenigii in Experimental Animals

Ramasamy A, Das S, Mani V, Sengottuvelu S, Vinoth Prabhu V

J Diet Suppl, 2016;13(4):393-401.

PMID: 26631977 DOI: 10.3109/19390211.2015.1101636

The indigenous medical system of India mentions the use of Murraya koenigii leaves for the treatment of different types of diarrheas over ages.

Fulltext Engineered andrographolide nanosystems for smart recovery in hepatotoxic conditions

Roy P, Das S, Auddy RG, Mukherjee A

Int J Nanomedicine, 2014;9:4723-35.

PMID: 25336950 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S65262

Andrographolide (AG) is one of the most potent labdane diterpenoid-type free radical scavengers available from plant sources. The compound is the principal bioactive component in Andrographis paniculata leaf extracts, and is responsible for anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and immunomodulatory activity. The application of AG in therapeutics, however, is severely constrained, due to its low aqueous solubility, short biological half-life, and poor cellular permeability. Engineered nanoparticles in biodegradable polymer systems were therefore conceived as one solution to aid in further drug-like applications of AG. In this study, a cationic modified poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid nanosystem was applied for evaluation against experimental mouse hepatotoxic conditions. Biopolymeric nanoparticles of hydrodynamic size of 229.7 ± 17.17 nm and ζ-potential +34.4 ± 1.87 mV facilitated marked restoration in liver functions and oxidative stress markers. Superior dissolution for bioactive AG, hepatic residence, and favorable cytokine regulation in the liver tissues are some of the factors responsible for the newer nanosystem-assisted rapid recovery.

Fulltext A case of closed loop small bowel obstruction within a strangulated incisional hernia in association with an acute gastric volvulus

Kosai NR, Gendeh HS, Noorharisman M, Sutton PA, Das S

Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove), 2014;57(2):83-6.

PMID: 25257156 DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2014.45

Small bowel obstruction is a common clinical problem presenting with abdominal distention, colicky pain, absolute constipation and bilious vomiting. There are numerous causes, most commonly attributed to an incarcerated hernia, adhesions or obstructing mass secondary to malignancy. Here we present an unusual cause of a small bowel obstruction secondary to an incarcerated incisional hernia in association with an acute organoaxial gastric volvulus.

Misdiagnosed infected aneurysm presenting as pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO)

Abdikarim M, Shahari S, Idris MA, Hanafiah H, Kosai NR, Das S

Clin Ter, 2014;165(4):199-201.

PMID: 25203333 DOI: 10.7417/CT.2014.1733

Infected aneurysm is a life threatening clinical condition that is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Early detection is essential for a rapid and efficacious initial treatment for better prognosis. Since the introduction of antibiotic therapy and concomitant decline of endocarditis, true mycotic aneurysms are rarely seen. The usual treatment consists of antibiotics along with aggressive surgical debridement of the infected tissue and vascular reconstruction, if needed. We here describe an infected aneurysm presenting as pyrexia of unknown origin and discuss the clinical features and challenges encountered in the treatment.

Malignant melanoma masqueraded as ingrown toe nail

Adnan A, Bajuri MY, Shukur MH, Subanesh S, Das S

Clin Ter, 2014;165(1):41-5.

PMID: 24589950 DOI: 10.7471/CT.2014.1660

We report a case in a 62-year-old female who presented with a year history of dull aching pain of the left big toe, which was aggravated by pressure on the nail and relieved by analgesia. Tissue biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of malignant melanoma. There was a black colour swelling about 3x8 mm in size over the medial side of the dorsum of left big toe with a scar of previous operation. Histopathological examination showed on gross section of 2 blackish area one infiltrate the bone the other the tumour not infiltrate the proximal interphalangial joint with another satellite lesion 20mm from main tumour area was found. Malignant cells were large with abundant cytoplasm, hyperchromatic nuclei and some prominent eosinophilic nucleoli. Melanin pigment was markedly seen. The big toe was amputated. We here highlight a case where the patient was diagnosed and managed as having ingrown nail of the left big toe while in actual fact she had a subungual amelanotic melanoma.

Detrimental effects of bisphenol A on development and functions of the male reproductive system in experimental rats

Gurmeet K, Rosnah I, Normadiah MK, Das S, Mustafa AM

EXCLI J, 2014;13:151-60.

PMID: 26417249

Bisphenol A (BPA) is widely used in manufacturing industries. It is commonly detected in the environment and was reported to exert oestrogenic effects which may be harmful to the reproductive system. The present study was carried out to observe the effects of oral administration of BPA on the development of the reproductive organs and plasma sex hormone levels in prepubertal male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Prepubertal male SD rats (n=8 in each group) were administered BPA in the doses of 1, 5, 10 and 100 mg/kg BW (body weight) via oral gavage for a period of 6 weeks. The control animals received the vehicle for BPA (Tween 80 in distilled water). Following 6 weeks of BPA exposure, the rats exhibited less evidence of spermatogenesis. There was seminiferous epithelial damage which included disruption of intercellular junctions and sloughing of germ cells into the seminiferous tubular lumen. Furthermore, the lumina of the seminiferous tubules and the epididymis of these animals were filled with immature germ cells and cellular debris. This damage may lead to the significant reduction in the seminiferous tubular diameter in BPA-treated animals. These findings were associated with the significant lower plasma testosterone and 17β-oestradiol levels. There was no significant difference between the body weight gain, the absolute as well as relative testis weight or epididymal weight of BPA-treated animals when compared to the control animals. The findings provided further evidence of the detrimental effects of BPA on the male reproductive system.

Fulltext Association between hypertension and periodontitis: possible mechanisms

Leong XF, Ng CY, Badiah B, Das S

ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:768237.

PMID: 24526921 DOI: 10.1155/2014/768237

This review is to examine the current literatures on the relationship between periodontitis and hypertension as well as to explore the possible biological pathways underlying the linkage between these health conditions. Hypertension is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction are among the critical components in the development of hypertension. Inflammation has received much attention recently and may contribute to a pivotal role in hypertension. Periodontitis, a chronic low-grade inflammation of gingival tissue, has been linked to endothelial dysfunction, with blood pressure elevation and increased mortality risk in hypertensive patients. Inflammatory biomarkers are increased in hypertensive patients with periodontitis. Over the years, various researches have been performed to evaluate the involvement of periodontitis in the initiation and progression of hypertension. Many cross-sectional studies documented an association between hypertension and periodontitis. However, more well-designed prospective population trials need to be carried out to ascertain the role of periodontitis in hypertension.

Effect of curcumin on aortic changes in ovariectomized rats fed with repeatedly heated soy oil: a preliminary electron microscopic study

Rashid Jusoh A, Das S, Kamsiah J, Qodriyah HM, Faizah O

Clin Ter, 2013;164(4):307-13.

PMID: 24045513 DOI: 10.7417/CT.2013.1578

Consumption of repeatedly heated soy oil has been linked with incidence of atherosclerosis particularly in oestrogen deficient states. In the present study, effect of curcumin extract on the prevention of atherosclerosis was evaluated.

Through-knee amputation for a patient with proximal femur focal deficiency and tibial hemimelia: surgical anatomy and clinical implications

Lloyd S, Rashid AH, Das S, Ibrahim S

Anat Sci Int, 2014 Mar;89(2):122-5.

PMID: 24158808 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-013-0211-0

Tibial hemimelia is a rare anomaly of unknown etiology. This condition can occur sporadically or may have a familial inheritance. It is characterized by deficiency of the tibia with a relatively intact fibula. The anomaly may be unilateral or bilateral. We report a case of a 2-year-old girl who presented with right lower limb deformity since birth. She was diagnosed with proximal femur focal deficiency with absence of the ipsilateral tibia. She presented with a shorter right lower limb and a deformed foot. She was treated with a through-knee amputation. Anatomical dissection of the amputated limb was carried out to verify the anomalies. The dissection showed that the distal phalanx of the great toe was trifid. The anatomical and clinical significance of this interesting case is discussed.

Fulltext Ethyl 2-[(2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl)-oxy]acetate

Fun HK, Quah CK, Aich K, Das S, Goswami S

Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2013 Apr 1;69(Pt 4):o502.

PMID: 23634050 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536813005539

In the title compound, C13H12O5, the mean plane of the 2H-chromene ring system (r.m.s deviation = 0.026 Å) forms a dihedral angle of 81.71 (6)° with the mean plane of ethyl 2-hy-droxy-acetate moiety (r.m.s deviation = 0.034 Å). In the crystal, C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds result in the formation of zigzag layers parallel to the bc plane.

Fulltext 7-Hy-droxy-methyl-2-pivaloyl-amino-1,8-naphthyridine

Fun HK, Quah CK, Aich K, Das S, Goswami S

Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2013 Apr 1;69(Pt 4):o503.

PMID: 23634051 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536813005527

In the title compound, C14H17N3O2, the mean plane of the 1,8-naphthyridine ring system (r.m.s deviation = 0.020 Å) forms a dihedral angle of 23.4 (1)° with the acetamide moiety (r.m.s deviation = 0.001 Å). The mol-ecular structure is stabilized by an intra-molecular O-H⋯N hydrogen bond, which generates an S(5) ring motif. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked into inversion dimers by pairs of N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, generating 18-membered R 2 (2)(18) ring motifs.

Is increased libido an atypical symptom of bipolar depression? An interesting case

Mahadevan R, Nik Jaafar NR, Sidi H, Midin M, Das S

J Sex Med, 2013 Mar;10(3):883-6.

PMID: 23036068 DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2012.02949.x

Decreased libido is recognized as one of the vegetative symptoms of depression. Increased libido has not been acknowledged as one of its symptoms, neither has it been reported, particularly in depressed bipolar patients.

Fulltext Congenital bilateral agenesis of the tibialis anterior muscles: a rare case report

Htwe O, Swarhib M, Pei TS, Naicker AS, Das S

Rom J Morphol Embryol, 2012;53(3):657-9.

PMID: 22990563

Congenital bilateral agenesis of the tibialis anterior muscles is a rare condition. We present a case of congenital absence of bilateral tibialis anterior muscles in a 6-year-old boy who presented with an abnormal gait. He was previously diagnosed to have bilateral congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV) deformity for which he underwent corrective surgery two times. However, he still had a residual foot problem and claimed to have difficulty in walking. On examination, he walked with a high stepping gait and muscle power of both lower limbs was 5/5 on the medical research council scale (MRCS) except for both ankle dorsiflexors and long toe extensors. The sensation was intact. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) study of both legs revealed that tibialis anterior muscles were not visualized on both sides suggestive of agenesis of the tibialis anterior muscles. The rest of the muscles appeared mildly atrophied. The electrophysiological study showed normal motor and sensory conduction in both upper and lower limbs. Electromyographic (EMG) study of the vastus medialis was within normal limit and no response could be elicited for EMG of tibialis anterior muscles suggesting possible absence of tibialis anterior muscles, bilaterally. The patient underwent split tibialis posterior tendon transfer to achieve a balanced and functional foot and was well on discharge. The present case describes the normal anatomy and embryology of tibialis anterior muscles as well as possible causes of its agenesis along with its clinical implications.

Ureteric stone in the presence of existing backache: lessons to learn

Zulkifli MZ, Ho CC, Goh EH, Praveen S, Das S

Clin Ter, 2012;163(1):23-5.

PMID: 22362229

Incidence of urolithiasis is on the rise due to climatic changes especially global warming.The pain due to presence of ureteric stone is a well known identity but many times it may be asymptomatic or even masked by concurrent presence of backache. In the present article, we describe the case of a 43-year-old male who came to the clinic for treatment of backache persisting for more than two years. The patient complained of backache two years back for which he was treated with analgesics and physiotherapy which relieved his pain. No X-ray was taken earlier because the attending clinician thought the backache to be musculo-skeletal in origin. Recently, one day a sudden episode of backache in the midst of night compelled him to seek medical treatment. However, this time a X-ray was performed and it showed the presence of calculi in the right upper pelvis of ureter which measured 1.9 cm vertically. An ultrasound confirmed the diagnosis. The patient was treated with two episodes of shock wave therapy which failed to crush the stone. A Double-J stent was inserted under general anaesthesia. The stone was crushed using a ureteroscope guided laser. The present case report describes how backache in professionals cannot be lightly attended. Even the characteristic groin to loin pain may be absent. All cases of backache should be properly investigated with an X-ray to rule out renal or ureteric calculi.

An unique case of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) graft infection with Streptococcus viridans

Zubaidah NH, Azim MI, Osama MH, Harunarashid H, Das S

Clin Ter, 2012;163(1):27-9.

PMID: 22362230

The incidence of infection following TEVAR is low. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of post thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) with Streptococcus viridans graft infection. A 54-year-old male underwent TEVAR for dissecting thoracic aneurysm with spinal ischaemia. He had an eventful recovery with prolonged period of stay in intensive care unit. Three months later, he presented with persistent chest discomfort and fever. Computed tomography (CT) of the thorax revealed evidence of graft infection and the blood culture grew Streptococcus viridans. The rarity of TEVAR graft infection due to Streptococcus viridans and its management are being discussed.

An atavastic belly of the flexor digitorum profundus with absence of tendon of flexor digitorum superficialis to the little finger: morphological and histological considerations

Das S, Norzana AG, Azian AL, Farihah HS, Faizah O

Clin Ter, 2011;162(6):555-7.

PMID: 22262329

In this case report, we report the absence of the fourth tendon of flexor digitorium superficialis (FDS) to the little finger with a concurrent anomalous muscular belly of flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) in the palm. The FDS originated from the medial epicondyle, divided into three tendons for the index, middle and ring fingers with the little finger devoid of any attachment. The FDP exhibited a muscular belly which passed deep to the flexor retinaculum (FR) and continued for another 4 cm thereby dividing into four slips for the index, middle, ring and little fingers. The presence of the muscular belly of the FDP lead us to think whether it was an adhesion between the tendons of the FDP, so we proceeded to histological analysis. The tissue was processed and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. Abundant longitudinal muscle fibers with peripherally situated nuclei confirmed it to be a skeletal muscle. Absence of the tendon of FDS to little finger may influence the flexion movement in the middle and proximal interphalangeal joints. Presence of anomalous muscle belly of FDP in the palm may mimic any soft tissue tumour, compress neurovascular structures or even pose difficulty while performing tendon transplant surgeries.

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