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Fulltext Validation of the Malay version of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale for postnatal women in Kelantan, Malaysia

Abdul Kadir A, Nordin R, Ismail SB, Yaacob MJ, Wan Mustapha WMR

Asia Pac Fam Med, 2004;3(1&2):9-18.

Aim. Validation of the Malay version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS)
Methods. A validation study was done involving 52 mothers who were at 4-12 weeks post-delivery. The women completed the Malay versions of EPDS and the 30-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). They were then assessed with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS). Psychiatric diagnoses were made based on ICD-10 criteria. The validity of EPDS was tested against this clinical diagnosis and the concurrent validity against the Malay version of 30-item GHQ and HDRS scores was also evaluated.
Results. The best cut-off score of the Malay version of EPDS was 11.5 with the sensitivity of 72.7% and specificity of 92.6 %.
Conclusion. The Malay version of EPDS is a valid and reliable screening tool for PND.

Matched MeSH terms: Sensitivity and Specificity
Fulltext Comparison of nested and ELISA based polymerase chain reaction assays for detecting Chlamydia trachomatis in pregnant women with preterm complications

Sulaiman S, Chong PP, Mokhtarudin R, Lye MS, Wan Hassan WH

Trop Biomed, 2014 Mar;31(1):36-45.
PMID: 24862043 MyJurnal

Identification of pregnant women infected with Chlamydia trachomatis is essential to allow early antibiotic treatment in order to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes. In this study, two nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) namely nested PCR (BioSewoom, Korea) and Amplicor CT/NG (Roche Diagnostic, USA) were evaluated in terms of sensitivity and specificity for the detection of C. trachomatis DNA in pregnant women with preterm complications. A cross-sectional study was carried out in two public hospitals in Southern Selangor, Malaysia. Endocervical swabs obtained were subjected to DNA amplification using nested PCR (BioSewoom, Korea) and Amplicor CT/NG (Roche Diagnostic, USA). A total of 83 endocervical swabs obtained from pregnant women of less than 37 weeks gestation and presented with preterm complications were subjected to chlamydial DNA detection using both assays. The study shows that Amplicor CT/NG assay is more effective in the detection of C. trachomatis DNA from endocervical swabs compared to Biosewoom nested PCR kit. Agreement between the two assays were poor (kappa=0.094) with nested PCR showing a low sensitivity of 10.81% and a 97.83% specificity when compared to Amplicor CT/NG. The results obtained indicated that BioSewoom nested PCR was less sensitive than Amplicor CT/ NG for detecting C. trachomatis in endocervical specimens and that another more reliable test is required for confirmatory result.

Matched MeSH terms: Sensitivity and Specificity
Fulltext Modeling of hemoglobin in dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever using bioelectrical impedance

Ibrahim F, Ismail NA, Taib MN, Wan Abas WA

Physiol Meas, 2004 Jun;25(3):607-15.
PMID: 15253113 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/25/3/002

This paper describes a model for predicting hemoglobin (Hb) by using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in dengue patients in the Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (HUKM). Bioelectrical impedance measurements were conducted on 83 (47 males and 36 females) serologically confirmed dengue fever (DF) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) patients during their hospitalization. The predictive equation for Hb was derived using multivariate analysis. We investigated all the parameters in BIA, patients' symptom and demographic data. In this developed model, four predictors (reactance (XC), sex, weight and vomiting) were found to be the best predictive factors for modeling Hb in dengue patients. However, the model can only explain approximately 42% of the variation in Hb status, thus single frequency bio-impedance stand-alone technique is insufficient to monitor Hb for the DF and DHF patients. Further investigation using multi-frequency BIA is recommended in modeling Hb to achieve the most parsimonious model.

Matched MeSH terms: Sensitivity and Specificity
Fulltext Mechanomyographic parameter extraction methods: an appraisal for clinical applications

Ibitoye MO, Hamzaid NA, Zuniga JM, Hasnan N, Wahab AK

Sensors (Basel), 2014;14(12):22940-70.
PMID: 25479326 DOI: 10.3390/s141222940

The research conducted in the last three decades has collectively demonstrated that the skeletal muscle performance can be alternatively assessed by mechanomyographic signal (MMG) parameters. Indices of muscle performance, not limited to force, power, work, endurance and the related physiological processes underlying muscle activities during contraction have been evaluated in the light of the signal features. As a non-stationary signal that reflects several distinctive patterns of muscle actions, the illustrations obtained from the literature support the reliability of MMG in the analysis of muscles under voluntary and stimulus evoked contractions. An appraisal of the standard practice including the measurement theories of the methods used to extract parameters of the signal is vital to the application of the signal during experimental and clinical practices, especially in areas where electromyograms are contraindicated or have limited application. As we highlight the underpinning technical guidelines and domains where each method is well-suited, the limitations of the methods are also presented to position the state of the art in MMG parameters extraction, thus providing the theoretical framework for improvement on the current practices to widen the opportunity for new insights and discoveries. Since the signal modality has not been widely deployed due partly to the limited information extractable from the signals when compared with other classical techniques used to assess muscle performance, this survey is particularly relevant to the projected future of MMG applications in the realm of musculoskeletal assessments and in the real time detection of muscle activity.

Matched MeSH terms: Sensitivity and Specificity
Nested polymerase chain reaction for detection of Plasmodium falciparum infection in Malaysia

Khoo A, Furuta T, Abdullah NR, Bah NA, Kojima S, Wah MJ

Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1996 1 1;90(1):40-1.
PMID: 8730308
Matched MeSH terms: Sensitivity and Specificity
The thermoluminescence response of doped SiO2 optical fibres subjected to fast neutrons

Hashim S, Bradley DA, Saripan MI, Ramli AT, Wagiran H

Appl Radiat Isot, 2010 Apr-May;68(4-5):700-3.
PMID: 19892557 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2009.10.027

This paper describes a preliminary study of the thermoluminescence (TL) response of doped SiO(2) optical fibres subjected to (241)AmBe neutron irradiation. The TL materials, which comprise Al- and Ge-doped silica fibres, were exposed in close contact with the (241)AmBe source to obtain fast neutron interactions through use of measurements obtained with and without a Cd filter (the filter being made to entirely enclose the fibres). The neutron irradiations were performed for exposure times of 1-, 2-, 3-, 5- and 7-days in a neutron tank filled with water. In this study, use was also made of the Monte Carlo N-particle (MCNP) code version 5 (V5) to simulate the neutron irradiations experiment. It was found that the commercially available Ge-doped and Al-doped optical fibres show a linear dose response subjected to fast neutrons from (241)AmBe source up to seven days of irradiations. The simulation performed using MCNP5 also exhibits a similar pattern, albeit differing in sensitivity. The TL response of Ge-doped fibre is markedly greater than that of the Al-doped fibre, the total absorption cross section for Ge in both the fast and thermal neutrons region being some ten times greater than that of Al.

Matched MeSH terms: Sensitivity and Specificity
Multicentre evaluation of dengue IgM dot enzyme immunoassay

Lam SK, Fong MY, Chungue E, Doraisingham S, Igarashi A, Khin MA, et al.

Clin Diagn Virol, 1996 Nov;7(2):93-8.
PMID: 9137865 DOI: 10.1016/S0928-0197(96)00257-7

The traditional methods used in the diagnosis of dengue infection do not lend themselves to field application. As such, clinical specimens have to be sent to a central laboratory for processing which invariably leads to delay. This affects patient management and disease control. The development of the dengue IgM dot enzyme immunoassay has opened up the possibility of carrying out the test in peripheral health settings.

Matched MeSH terms: Sensitivity and Specificity
Fulltext A novel strategy for community screening of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): Sample pooling method

Lim KL, Johari NA, Wong ST, Khaw LT, Tan BK, Chan KK, et al.

PLoS One, 2020;15(8):e0238417.
PMID: 32857823 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238417

The rapid global spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has inflicted significant health and socioeconomic burden on affected countries. As positive cases continued to rise in Malaysia, public health laboratories experienced an overwhelming demand for COVID-19 screening. The confirmation of positive cases of COVID-19 has solely been based on the detection of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). In efforts to increase the cost-effectiveness and efficiency of COVID-19 screening, we evaluated the feasibility of pooling clinical Nasopharyngeal/Oropharyngeal (NP/OP) swab specimens during nucleic acid extraction without a reduction in sensitivity of qRT-PCR. Pools of 10 specimens were extracted and subsequently tested by qRT-PCR according to the WHO-Charité protocol. We demonstrated that the sample pooling method showed no loss of sensitivity. The effectiveness of the pooled testing strategy was evaluated on both retrospective and prospective samples, and the results showed a similar detection sensitivity compared to testing individual sample alone. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using a pooled testing strategy to increase testing capacity and conserve resources, especially when there is a high demand for disease testing.

Matched MeSH terms: Sensitivity and Specificity
Psychometric properties of Malay neuropsychiatry unit cognitive assessment tool among Alzheimer's disease patients in comparison to Malay Montreal Cognitive Assessment

Thong KS, Chee KY, Ng CG, Walterfang M, Velakoulis D

Asia Pac Psychiatry, 2016 Sep;8(3):238-40.
PMID: 26615809 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12227

This study aims to establish psychometric properties of the Malay Neuropsychiatry Unit Cognitive Assessment Tool (Malay NuCOG) in Alzheimer's disease. NuCOG was translated to Malay language and compared with Montreal Cognitive Assessment Tool on 80 individuals. The Malay NuCOG showed good internal consistency and reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.895). It demonstrated 100% sensitivity and 87.5% specificity at the cutoff score of 78.50/100. The Malay NuCOG is a valid and reliable cognitive instrument that is sensitive and specific for the detection of dementia and has clinical advantages in its ability to examine individual cognitive domains.

Matched MeSH terms: Sensitivity and Specificity
Fulltext Validation and utilization of an internally controlled multiplex Real-time RT-PCR assay for simultaneous detection of enteroviruses and enterovirus A71 associated with hand foot and mouth disease

Thanh TT, Anh NT, Tham NT, Van HM, Sabanathan S, Qui PT, et al.

Virol J, 2015 Jun 09;12:85.
PMID: 26050791 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0316-2

BACKGROUND: Hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a disease of public health importance across the Asia-Pacific region. The disease is caused by enteroviruses (EVs), in particular enterovirus A71 (EV-A71). In EV-A71-associated HFMD, the infection is sometimes associated with severe manifestations including neurological involvement and fatal outcome. The availability of a robust diagnostic assay to distinguish EV-A71 from other EVs is important for patient management and outbreak response.
METHODS: We developed and validated an internally controlled one-step single-tube real-time RT-PCR in terms of sensitivity, linearity, precision, and specificity for simultaneous detection of EVs and EV-A71. Subsequently, the assay was then applied on throat and rectal swabs sampled from 434 HFMD patients.
RESULTS: The assay was evaluated using both plasmid DNA and viral RNA and has shown to be reproducible with a maximum assay variation of 4.41 % and sensitive with a limit of detection less than 10 copies of target template per reaction, while cross-reactivity with other EV serotypes was not observed. When compared against a published VP1 nested RT-PCR using 112 diagnostic throat and rectal swabs from 112 children with a clinical diagnosis of HFMD during 2014, the multiplex assay had a higher sensitivity and 100 % concordance with sequencing results which showed EVs in 77/112 (68.8 %) and EV-A71 in 7/112 (6.3 %). When applied to clinical diagnostics for 322 children, the assay detected EVs in throat swabs of 257/322 (79.8 %) of which EV-A71 was detected in 36/322 (11.2 %) children. The detection rate increased to 93.5 % (301/322) and 13.4 % (43/322) for EVs and EV-A71, respectively, when rectal swabs from 65 throat-negative children were further analyzed.
CONCLUSION: We have successfully developed and validated a sensitive internally controlled multiplex assay for rapid detection of EVs and EV-A71, which is useful for clinical management and outbreak control of HFMD.

Matched MeSH terms: Sensitivity and Specificity
Fulltext Phenotypic detection of metallo-β-lactamase in imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Khosravi Y, Loke MF, Chua EG, Tay ST, Vadivelu J

ScientificWorldJournal, 2012;2012:654939.
PMID: 22792048 DOI: 10.1100/2012/654939

Carbapenems are the primary choice of treatment for severe Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. However, the emergence of carbapenem resistance due to the production of metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) is of global concern. In this study, 90 imipenem- (IPM- or IP-) resistant P. aeruginosa (IRPA) isolates, including 32 previously tested positive and genotyped for MBL genes by PCR, were subjected to double-disk synergy test (DDST), combined disk test (CDT), and imipenem/imipenem-inhibitor (IP/IPI) E-test to evaluate their MBLs detection capability. All three methods were shown to have a sensitivity of 100%. However, DDST was the most specific of the three (96.6%), followed by IP/IPI E-test interpreted based on the single criteria of IP/IPI ≥8 as positive (62.1%), and CDT was the least specific (43.1%). Based on the data from this evaluation, we propose that only IRPA with IP MIC >16 μg/mL and IP/IPI ≥8 by IP/IPI E-test should be taken as positive for MBL activity. With the new dual interpretation criteria, the MBL IP/IPI E-test was shown to achieve 100% sensitivity as well as specificity for the IRPA in this study. Therefore, the IP/IPI E-test is a viable alternative phenotypic assay to detect MBL production in IRPA in our population in circumstances where PCR detection is not a feasible option.

Matched MeSH terms: Sensitivity and Specificity
Fulltext Development and evaluation of polymerase chain reaction assay to detect Burkholderia genus and to differentiate the species in clinical specimens

Suppiah J, Thimma JS, Cheah SH, Vadivelu J

FEMS Microbiol Lett, 2010 May;306(1):9-14.
PMID: 20345378 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2010.01923.x

Molecular-based techniques are becoming desirable as tools for identification of infectious diseases. Amongst the Burkholderia spp., there is a need to differentiate Burkholderia pseudomallei from Burkholderia cepacia, as misidentification could lead to false treatment of patients. In this study, conventional PCR assay targeting three genes was developed. Primers were designed for the amplification of Burkholderia genus-specific groEL gene, B. pseudomallei-specific mprA gene and B. cepacia-specific zmpA gene. The specificity and sensitivity of the assay was tested with 15 negative control strains and 71 Burkholderia spp. isolates including positive controls B. pseudomallei K96243 and ATCC B. cepacia strain. All B. pseudomallei strains were positive for groEL (139 bp) and mprA (162 bp), indicating a sensitivity of 100%. All B. cepacia strains produced amplicons for detection of groEL and zmpA (147 bp). Specificity using negative strains was 100%. In this study, a PCR assay specific for the detection of Burkholderia spp. and differentiation of the genus B. pseudomallei and B. cepacia was developed. The conventional assay has to be performed separately for each species due to the similar size of the PCR products amplified. This format may therefore be recommended for use as a diagnostic tool in laboratories where real-time PCR machines are not available. However, the real-time PCR was able to detect and differentiate the genus and species in single duplex assay.

Matched MeSH terms: Sensitivity and Specificity
Detection of IgM antibodies against Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 in Malaysian blood donors and patients with respiratory illnesses: evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and indirect immunofluorescence assay

Tay ST, Lakhbeer Singh HK, Ramasame SD, Vadivelu J

Jpn J Infect Dis, 2009 Sep;62(5):409-10.
PMID: 19762997
Matched MeSH terms: Sensitivity and Specificity
Detection of Coconut cadang-cadang viroid (CCCVd) in oil palm by reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP)

Thanarajoo SS, Kong LL, Kadir J, Lau WH, Vadamalai G

J Virol Methods, 2014 Jun;202:19-23.
PMID: 24631346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.02.024

A reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) detected Coconut cadang-cadang viroid (CCCVd) within 60 min at 60 °C in total nucleic acid extracted from oil palm leaves infected with CCCVd. Positive reactions showed colour change from orange to green in the reaction mix after the addition of fluorescent reagent, and a laddering pattern band on 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. Conventional RT-PCR with LAMP primers produced amplicons with a sequence identical to the 297-nt CCCVd oil palm variant with the primers being specific for CCCVd and not for other viroids such as PSTVd and CEVd. RT-LAMP was found to be rapid and specific for detecting oil palm CCCVd.

Matched MeSH terms: Sensitivity and Specificity
Prevalence and specificity of red-blood-cell antibodies in a multiethnic South and East Asian patient population and influence of using novel MUT+Mur+ kodecytes on its detection

Nadarajan VS, Laing AA, Saad SM, Usin M

Vox Sang, 2012 Jan;102(1):65-71.
PMID: 21592136 DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2011.01507.x

Appropriate screening for irregular red-cell antibodies is essential for ensuring transfusion compatibility and for antenatal management of mothers at risk of haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn. Screening for all relevant antibodies is, however, limited by screening cells that do not express antigens present in the patient and donor population. Technology to artificially incorporate antigens into red cells is currently available and may be an option for customizing screening cells.

Matched MeSH terms: Sensitivity and Specificity
Homeostatic indices of insulin resistance among gestational diabetics in anticipating pregnancy complications

Ismail NA, Kasim MM, Noor Aizuddin A, Umar NA

Gynecol Endocrinol, 2013 Jul;29(7):691-4.
PMID: 23772780 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2013.797398

OBJECTIVE: This was to determine HOMA-IR score as well as to assess its association in fetal and maternal outcomes among pregnant women with diabetes risks.
METHODS: A prospective cohort study of pregnant women with diabetes risks was done. GDM was diagnosed using modified glucose tolerance test. Serum insulin was taken and measured by an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay method. Plasma glucose was measured by enzymatic reference method with hexokinase. HOMA-IR score was calculated for each patient. Maternal and fetal outcomes were analyzed.
RESULTS: From 279 women recruited, 22.6% had GDM with higher HOMA-IR score (4.07 ± 2.44 versus 2.08 ± 1.12; p = 0.001) and fasting insulin (16.76 ± 8.63 µIU/L versus 10.15 ± 5.07 µIU/L; p = 0.001). Area under ROC curve for HOMA-IR score was 0.79 (95% confidence interval, 0.74-0.84) with optimum cut-off value of 2.92 (sensitivity = 63.5%; specificity = 89.8%), higher than recommended by IDF (2.38). This point showed significant association with neonatal hypoglycemia (p = 0.02) and Cesarean section (p = 0.04) in GDM mothers.
CONCLUSIONS: HOMA-IR score and insulin resistance levels were higher in GDM women in our population. With the cut-off HOMA-IR value of 2.92, neonatal hypoglycemia and Cesarean section were significant complications in GDM mothers. This can be used in anticipation of maternal and fetal morbidities.

Matched MeSH terms: Sensitivity and Specificity
Fulltext Body mass index and illness in rural Sarawak

Strickland SS, Ulijaszek SJ

Eur J Clin Nutr, 1994 Nov;48 Suppl 3:S98-108; discussion S108-9.
PMID: 7843165

This paper reports findings of a cross-sectional anthropometric survey of 447 men and 564 women aged > 18 years of the Iban tribe in rural Sarawak. The percentage of each approximately 10 year cohort with body mass index (BMI: kg/m2) < 18.5 increased progressively with age > 40 years in both sexes. BMI and arm-muscle plus bone cross-sectional area (AMBA) were influenced significantly by reported single symptoms in men and two concurrent symptoms in women. Sensitivity of BMI < 18.5 for identifying those reporting symptoms of illness was 21% in men and 29% in women. Independently of illness effects, values of stature, BMI and AMBA in men, and stature alone in women, were significantly greater in those farming plots with the shortest time left fallow, suggesting their comparative success. The BMI of men may reflect primarily their economic activities, while that of women their experience of illness; the AMBA may also be a better overall index of health than BMI in this population.

Matched MeSH terms: Sensitivity and Specificity
Body mass index, ageing and differential reported morbidity in rural Sarawak

Strickland SS, Ulijaszek SJ

Eur J Clin Nutr, 1993 Jan;47(1):9-19.
PMID: 8422876

Classifications of adult low energy nutritional status based on the Quetelet or body mass index (weight/height2) have often assumed independence of age and sex. This paper reports findings of a study of 447 men and 564 women aged over 18 years and belonging to the Iban tribe of central Sarawak, East Malaysia. BMI and fat-free mass fell markedly in both sexes, and fat mass in women but not men, after about 40 years of age. In men over age 40, and women aged 18-40, BMI was sensitive to reported morbidity. For subjects aged over 40 years, BMI was related to morbidity independently of age effects in men, and to age alone in women. These findings suggest that the functional significance of low BMI differs between the sexes and with age.

Matched MeSH terms: Sensitivity and Specificity
Fulltext Co-visualization of DNA damage and ion traversals in live mammalian cells using a fluorescent nuclear track detector

Kodaira S, Konishi T, Kobayashi A, Maeda T, Ahmad TA, Yang G, et al.

J Radiat Res, 2015 Mar;56(2):360-5.
PMID: 25324538 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rru091

The geometric locations of ion traversals in mammalian cells constitute important information in the study of heavy ion-induced biological effect. Single ion traversal through a cellular nucleus produces complex and massive DNA damage at a nanometer level, leading to cell inactivation, mutations and transformation. We present a novel approach that uses a fluorescent nuclear track detector (FNTD) for the simultaneous detection of the geometrical images of ion traversals and DNA damage in single cells using confocal microscopy. HT1080 or HT1080-53BP1-GFP cells were cultured on the surface of a FNTD and exposed to 5.1-MeV/n neon ions. The positions of the ion traversals were obtained as fluorescent images of a FNTD. Localized DNA damage in cells was identified as fluorescent spots of γ-H2AX or 53BP1-GFP. These track images and images of damaged DNA were obtained in a short time using a confocal laser scanning microscope. The geometrical distribution of DNA damage indicated by fluorescent γ-H2AX spots in fixed cells or fluorescent 53BP1-GFP spots in living cells was found to correlate well with the distribution of the ion traversals. This method will be useful for evaluating the number of ion hits on individual cells, not only for micro-beam but also for random-beam experiments.

Matched MeSH terms: Sensitivity and Specificity
Determination of polymorphic forms of ranitidine-HCl by DRIFTS and XRPD

Agatonovic-Kustrin S, Rades T, Wu V, Saville D, Tucker IG

J Pharm Biomed Anal, 2001 Jul;25(5-6):741-50.
PMID: 11377056

The identification, characterization and quantification of crystal forms are becoming increasingly important within the pharmaceutical industry. A combination of different physical analytical techniques is usually necessary for this task. In this work solid-state techniques, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and X-ray powder diffractometry (XRPD) were combined to analyze polymorphic purity of crystalline ranitidine-HCl, an antiulcer drug, H2 receptor antagonists. A series of 12 different mixtures of Form 1 and 2 was prepared by geometric mixing and their DRIFT spectra and XRD powder patterns were obtained and analyzed, either alone or combined together, using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). A standard feed-forward network, with back-propagation rule and with multi layer perceptron architecture (MPL) was chosen. A working range of 1.0-100% (w/w) of crystal Form 2 in Form 1 was established with a minimum quantifiable level (MQL) of 5.2% and limit of detection of 1.5% (w/w). The results demonstrate that DRIFTS combined with XRPD may be successfully used to distinguish between the ranitidine-HCl polymorphs and to quantify the composition of binary mixtures of the two.

Matched MeSH terms: Sensitivity and Specificity

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