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Fulltext Group B Streptococcal Meningitis in a Healthy Young Woman: A Case Report

Payus AO, Clarence C, Azman Ali R

Int J Gen Med, 2020;13:861-864.
PMID: 33116778 DOI: 10.2147/IJGM.S277394

Group B streptococcus (GBS) is a rare cause of meningitis in adults that commonly affects patients with multiple underlying comorbidities. Although it is uncommon, it typically progresses very rapidly and has a high mortality rate as compared to other causes of bacterial meningitis. Here, we report a patient with GBS meningitis who had no underlying medical illness and presented with multiple episodes of seizure within hours of developing fever. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis results were consistent with bacterial meningitis, and blood cultures grew GBS. She was treated with intravenous ceftriaxone for 2 weeks and made a great recovery without any sequalae. In conclusion, although GBS meningitis is uncommon in adults, it is a serious medical disease and associated with a high mortality rate. To the best of our knowledge, this patient represents one of the few reported cases of GBS meningitis in a previously healthy young adult.

Matched MeSH terms: Streptococcus agalactiae
Fulltext Streptococcus pneumoniae Meningitis and Intracranial Vasculopathy: Clinical Correlation with Improving Transcranial Doppler Hemodynamics

Idris MI, Tai SML, Tan CT, Tan KS

Case Rep Neurol, 2020 12 14;12(Suppl 1):106-109.
PMID: 33505281 DOI: 10.1159/000500950

Streptococcus pneumoniae are Gram-positive bacteria that are responsible for many types of illnesses including pneumonia, sinus infections, and community-acquired meningitis. One important complication of bacterial meningitis is intracranial vasculopathy. Possible etiologies include vasculitis, vasospasm, endocarditis, or intra-arterial thrombosis. We present a case report of S. pneumoniae meningitis treated with antibiotics in which clinical improvement correlated with serial transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) improvement, suggesting vasospasm or vasculitis as a possible mechanism for intracranial vasculopathy.

Matched MeSH terms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Fulltext Plaque Removal Efficiency of Chewable Toothbrushes among 10-12-yearold Children: A Randomized Control Trial

Nekkanti S, Kaur K, Balagopal S, Agarwal P

J Int Soc Prev Community Dent, 2020 11 24;10(6):759-765.
PMID: 33437710 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_339_20

Aim and Objectives: Toothbrushing is one of the most important factors in controlling plaque accumulation and dental caries. There are vast varieties of toothbrushes available in the market. This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of novel chewable toothbrushes as compared to manual toothbrushes in plaque removal among 10-12-year-old children.
Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 40 healthy children aged between 10 and 12 years of age who were randomly assigned to either of the groups: Group I--Chewable Toothbrushes and Group II--Manual Toothbrushes. Following oral prophylaxis, baseline records of oral hygiene indices (Simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S) in indexed teeth and Turesky modification of Quigley Hein plaque index (TMQHI) were taken. Baseline Saliva samples were collected and sent for Streptococcus mutans counts. Children were then instructed to use their respective toothbrush twice daily for a week. Oral hygiene indices and S. mutans counts were repeated after 1 week.
Results: Differences in pre-brushing and post-brushing plaque scores and salivary S. mutans counts were statistically significant when compared using paired-sample t test and independent-sample t test. There was a significant reduction in salivary S. mutans counts after using both chewable and manual toothbrushes. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.08).
Conclusion: Chewable toothbrushes are equally effective in plaque control when compared to manual toothbrushes. These can be a reliable alternative for children who lack manual dexterity.

Matched MeSH terms: Streptococcus mutans
Fulltext Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequence of Streptococcus agalactiae Sequence Type 176 Strain 3966RFQB from a Dairy Herd in Selangor, Malaysia

Bashir A, Zunita Z, Jesse FFA, Ramanoon SZ

Microbiol Resour Announc, 2019 Feb;8(6).
PMID: 30746526 DOI: 10.1128/MRA.01618-18

Streptococcus agalactiae, commonly known as group B streptococcus (GBS), is among the most implicated pathogens in bovine mastitis worldwide. Proper control measures can curb both economic and public health effects it may cause. Here, we report the sequenced genome of S. agalactiae sequence type 167 (ST167) strain 3966RFQB obtained from a bovine mastitis case at a dairy herd in Banting, Selangor, Malaysia (longitude 2.8121°N, latitude 101.5026°E).

Matched MeSH terms: Streptococcus agalactiae
Polymicrobial biofilm formation by Candida albicans, Actinomyces naeslundii, and Streptococcus mutans is Candida albicans strain and medium dependent

Arzmi MH, Alnuaimi AD, Dashper S, Cirillo N, Reynolds EC, McCullough M

Med Mycol, 2016 Nov 01;54(8):856-64.
PMID: 27354487 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myw042

Oral biofilms comprise of extracellular polysaccharides and polymicrobial microorganisms. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of polymicrobial interactions of Candida albicans, Actinomyces naeslundii, and Streptococcus mutans on biofilm formation with the hypotheses that biofilm biomass and metabolic activity are both C. albicans strain and growth medium dependent. To study monospecific biofilms, C. albicans, A. naeslundii, and S. mutans were inoculated into artificial saliva medium (ASM) and RPMI-1640 in separate vials, whereas to study polymicrobial biofilm formation, the inoculum containing microorganisms was prepared in the same vial prior inoculation into a 96-well plate followed by 72 hours incubation. Finally, biofilm biomass and metabolic activity were measured using crystal violet and XTT assays, respectively. Our results showed variability of monospecies and polymicrobial biofilm biomass between C. albicans strains and growth medium. Based on cut-offs, out of 32, seven RPMI-grown biofilms had high biofilm biomass (HBB), whereas, in ASM-grown biofilms, 14 out of 32 were HBB. Of the 32 biofilms grown in RPMI-1640, 21 were high metabolic activity (HMA), whereas in ASM, there was no biofilm had HMA. Significant differences were observed between ASM and RPMI-grown biofilms with respect to metabolic activity (P <01). In conclusion, biofilm biomass and metabolic activity were both C. albicans strain and growth medium dependent.

Matched MeSH terms: Streptococcus mutans/growth & development; Streptococcus mutans/metabolism; Streptococcus mutans/physiology*
Fulltext Antibacterial property of locally produced hydroxyapatite

Tin-Oo, M.M., Gopalakrishnan, V., Samsuddin, A.R., Al Salihi, K.A., Shamsuria, O.

Archives of Orofacial Sciences, 2007;2(1):41-44.
MyJurnal

Use of synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) in biomedical applications is well warranted. It has shown to have an excellent biocompatibility in human tooth and bones. Additionally it has been documented to possess antibacterial potentials. The present study was conducted to assess the presence of any such potential in locally produced (HA) using Streptococcus mutans, a common pathogen in the oral cavity. The study was carried out using 50, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400 and 800 mg/ml concentration of HA. The antibacterial property of HA was assessed using Miles and Misra method. Our studies showed that bacterial growth inhibitions of S. mutans occurred from 50 mg/ml, and complete inhibition was perceived at concentrations at 200mg/ml of HA. The antibacterial property HA should be used to good advantage as a bioactive biomaterial in dental and maxillofacial applications.

Matched MeSH terms: Streptococcus mutans
Draft Genome Sequence of a Highly Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 15A Strain Isolated from Blood

Arushothy R, Ahmad N, Amran F, Hashim R, Samsuddin N, Che Azih CR

Genome Announc, 2018 Apr 19;6(16).
PMID: 29674530 DOI: 10.1128/genomeA.00167-18

After the introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Malaysia in recent years, the emergence of nonvaccine serotypes is of concern, particularly the antibiotic-resistant strains, with an increase specifically in serotype 15A. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of Streptococcus pneumoniae strain SS40_16, isolated from the blood sample of a 19-month-old female in 2016. SS40_16 is a multidrug-resistant strain with resistance to penicillin (MIC, ≥2 µg/ml), tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The strain belongs to serotype 15A and sequence type 1591 (ST1591).

Matched MeSH terms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Fulltext The evaluation of Streptococcus mutans content of saliva in patients with recurrent oral ulceration

Al-Ahmad, Basma Ezzat Mustafa, Muhannad Ali Kashmoola, Nur Aini Zakaria

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2017;16(21):14-14.
MyJurnal

Recurrent oral ulcer is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by mucosa
ulceration, which was believed to have bacterial etiology. Streptococcus mutans is one of the
bacteria which have been implicated in this case; it is gram-positive bacteria that reside in the
biofilms on the tooth surfaces. The aim of this study was to evaluate Streptococcus mutans content
in saliva of recurrent oral ulcer patients and its role as a prognostic factor. (Copied from article).

Matched MeSH terms: Streptococcus mutans
Fulltext Comparison of the viability of probiotics from various cultured-milk drinks in a simulated pH study of the human gastrointestinal tract

Ting, A.S.Y, DeCosta, J.L.

International Food Research Journal, 2009;16(1):59-64.
MyJurnal

Different probiotic strains are incorporated into cultured-milk drinks by respective manufacturers with the common aim of providing health benefits to the consumers. Four common cultured-milk products (brands N, S, V and Y) were evaluated for their quality of probiotic strains used, based on the susceptibility of the probiotics to various pH levels simulated to mimic the gastrointestinal system. Results showed that brands Y and V have higher initial probiotic inoculum compared to brands N and S although probiotics from brands N and S were more tolerant to pH 3. Generally, all probiotic strains preferred higher pH with highest viability of Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., and Streptococcus thermophilus observed at pH 8.1. Our study also discovered that among the four brands tested, brand V contained probiotic strains which are most likely to remain viable after passage through the gastrointestinal system.

Matched MeSH terms: Streptococcus thermophilus
Effect of a novel quaternary ammonium silane cavity disinfectant on cariogenic biofilm formation

Daood U, Burrow MF, Yiu CKY

Clin Oral Investig, 2020 Feb;24(2):649-661.
PMID: 31115692 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-02928-7

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate effect of quaternary ammonium silane (QAS) cavity disinfectant on cariogenic biofilm.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Single- (Streptococcus mutans or Lactobacillus acidophilus), dual- (Streptococcus mutans/Lactobacillus Acidophilus), and multi-species (Streptococcus mutans, Actinomyces naeslundii, and Streptococcus sanguis) biofilms were grown on acid-etched dentine discs. Biofilms were incubated (120 min/37 °C) and allowed to grow for 3 days anaerobically. Discs (no treatment) served as control (group 1). Groups II, III, IV, and V were then treated with 2% chlorhexidine, and 2%, 5%, and 10% QAS (20 s). Discs were returned to well plates with 300 μL of bacterial suspension and placed in anaerobic incubator at 37 °C and biofilms redeveloped for 4 days. Confocal microscopy, Raman, CFU, and MTT assay were performed.
RESULTS: Raman peaks show shifts at 1450 cm-1, 1453 cm-1, 1457 cm-1, 1460 cm-1, and 1462 cm-1 for control, 2% CHX, 2%, 5%, and 10% QAS groups in multi-species biofilms. There was reduction of 484 cm-1 band in 10% QAS group. CLSM revealed densely clustered green colonies in control group and red confluent QAS-treated biofilms with significantly lower log CFU for single/dual species. Metabolic activities of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus decreased with increasing QAS exposure time.
CONCLUSION: Quaternary ammonium silanes possess antimicrobial activities and inhibit growth of cariogenic biofilms.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Available data demonstrated use of QAS as potential antibacterial cavity disinfectant in adhesive dentistry. Experimental QAS can effectively eliminate caries-forming bacteria, when used inside a prepared cavity, and can definitely overcome problems associated with present available cavity disinfectants.

Matched MeSH terms: Streptococcus mutans
Fulltext Isolation of Streptococcus cuniculi from corneal lesion in laboratory-raised mice

Tiong V, Loong SK, Mohamad Wali HA, Tan KK, Jee PF, Lim FS, et al.

J Vet Med Sci, 2021 Mar 05;83(2):280-284.
PMID: 33441499 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0070

Corneal lesions appearing as white mass beneath intact epithelium, with ocular discharge in one mouse, was observed in a batch of laboratory-raised BALB/c mice (n=9 of 56). The affected mice remained active, well-groomed and had normal appetite. Isolates recovered from swab cultures of the external and internal contents of the eye had partial 16S rRNA gene sequence of 99.1% similarity to Streptococcus cuniculi. No previous report of S. cuniculi infection in laboratory rodents has been presented. The isolate was susceptible to all antibiotics tested. We suggest S. cuniculi is an opportunistic bacteria in laboratory mice but are uncertain of its source. Our findings revealed that S. cuniculi is able to colonize laboratory mice and should be considered when mice present with eye lesion or ocular discharge.

Matched MeSH terms: Streptococcus
Global trends in non-susceptibility rates of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates to ceftriaxone: Data from the antimicrobial testing leadership and surveillance (ATLAS) programme, 2016-21

Wang JL, Lai CC, Ko WC, Hsueh PR

Int J Antimicrob Agents, 2024 Feb;63(2):107072.
PMID: 38154661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2023.107072

To understand the global changes in non-susceptibility rates of Streptococcus pneumoniae to ceftriaxone, we conducted a study using the Antimicrobial Testing Leadership and Surveillance database. A total of 15,717 S. pneumoniae isolates were collected from 2016 to 2021. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined using broth microdilution. The overall susceptibility rates of S. pneumoniae isolates to penicillin, ceftriaxone and ceftaroline were 63.4%, 94.0% and 99.6%, respectively. The geometric mean of MICs and MIC50/MIC90 values of ceftriaxone were higher in Asia than in other continents. China (33.9%), South Korea (33.8%) and Taiwan (27.6%) had the highest ceftriaxone non-susceptibility rates, followed by Turkey, India, Brazil, Malaysia, South Africa and Colombia, with rates between 10% and 20%. During the study period from 2020 to 2021, Asia had the highest MIC90 value (4 mg/L) for ceftriaxone in S. pneumoniae isolates, and the geometric mean of MICs increased from 0.25 mg/L in 2016-2017 to 0.39 mg/L in 2020-2021. Both Asia (from 83.4% to 75.1%) and Latin America (from 94.2% to 86.3%) showed a decreasing trend in ceftriaxone susceptibility rates from 2016 to 2021. In North America, Europe and Oceania, the susceptibility rate was higher than 95%, and there was no obvious change in the rate during the 6 y. Further analysis of the data from Asia revealed that individuals younger than 6 y of age had a lower susceptibility rate to ceftriaxone (71.6% vs. 81.7%, P < 0.05) than patients ≥6 y. The higher non-susceptibility rates of ceftriaxone in S. pneumoniae in Asia may lead to therapeutic challenges in community-acquired pneumonia.

Matched MeSH terms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Fulltext Genetic diversity of geographically distinct Streptococcus dysgalactiae isolates from fish

Abdelsalam M, Eissa AE, Chen SC

J Adv Res, 2015 Mar;6(2):233-8.
PMID: 25750757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2013.12.003

Streptococcus dysgalactiae is an emerging pathogen of fish. Clinically, infection is characterized by the development of necrotic lesions at the caudal peduncle of infected fishes. The pathogen has been recently isolated from different fish species in many countries. Twenty S. dysgalactiae isolates collected from Japan, Taiwan, Malaysia and Indonesia were molecularly characterized by biased sinusoidal field gel electrophoresis (BSFGE) using SmaI enzyme, and tuf gene sequencing analysis. DNA sequencing of ten S. dysgalactiae revealed no genetic variation in the tuf amplicons, except for three strains. The restriction patterns of chromosomal DNA measured by BSFGE were differentiated into six distinct types and one subtype among collected strains. To our knowledge, this report gives the first snapshot of S. dysgalactiae isolates collected from different countries that are localized geographically and differed on a multinational level. This genetic unrelatedness among different isolates might suggest a high recombination rate and low genetic stability.

Matched MeSH terms: Streptococcus
Fulltext Concentration-Dependent Multi-Potentiality of L-Arginine: Antimicrobial Effect, Hydroxyapatite Stability, and MMPs Inhibition

Bijle MN, Pichika MR, Mak KK, Parolia A, Babar MG, Yiu C, et al.

Molecules, 2021 Oct 31;26(21).
PMID: 34771014 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216605

This study's objective was to examine L-arginine (L-arg) supplementation's effect on mono-species biofilm (Streptococcus mutans/Streptococcus sanguinis) growth and underlying enamel substrates. The experimental groups were 1%, 2%, and 4% arg, and 0.9% NaCl was used as the vehicle control. Sterilised enamel blocks were subjected to 7-day treatment with test solutions and S. mutans/S. sanguinis inoculum in BHI. Post-treatment, the treated biofilms stained for live/dead bacterial cells were analysed using confocal microscopy. The enamel specimens were analysed using X-ray diffraction crystallography (XRD), Raman spectroscopy (RS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The molecular interactions between arg and MMP-2/MMP-9 were determined by computational molecular docking and MMP assays. With increasing arg concentrations, bacterial survival significantly decreased (p < 0.05). The XRD peak intensity with 1%/2% arg was significantly higher than with 4% arg and the control (p < 0.05). The bands associated with the mineral phase by RS were significantly accentuated in the 1%/2% arg specimens compared to in other groups (p < 0.05). The TEM analysis revealed that 4% arg exhibited an ill-defined shape of enamel crystals. Docking of arg molecules to MMPs appears feasible, with arg inhibiting MMP-2/MMP-9 (p < 0.05). L-arginine supplementation has an antimicrobial effect on mono-species biofilm. L-arginine treatment at lower (1%/2%) concentrations exhibits enamel hydroxyapatite stability, while the molecule has the potential to inhibit MMP-2/MMP-9.

Matched MeSH terms: Streptococcus mutans/drug effects; Streptococcus sanguis/drug effects
Fulltext Streptococcus mitis induces conversion of Helicobacter pylori to coccoid cells during co-culture in vitro

Khosravi Y, Dieye Y, Loke MF, Goh KL, Vadivelu J

PLoS One, 2014;9(11):e112214.
PMID: 25386948 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112214

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a major gastric pathogen that has been associated with humans for more than 60,000 years. H. pylori causes different gastric diseases including dyspepsia, ulcers and gastric cancers. Disease development depends on several factors including the infecting H. pylori strain, environmental and host factors. Another factor that might influence H. pylori colonization and diseases is the gastric microbiota that was overlooked for long because of the belief that human stomach was a hostile environment that cannot support microbial life. Once established, H. pylori mainly resides in the gastric mucosa and interacts with the resident bacteria. How these interactions impact on H. pylori-caused diseases has been poorly studied in human. In this study, we analyzed the interactions between H. pylori and two bacteria, Streptococcus mitis and Lactobacillus fermentum that are present in the stomach of both healthy and gastric disease human patients. We have found that S. mitis produced and released one or more diffusible factors that induce growth inhibition and coccoid conversion of H. pylori cells. In contrast, both H. pylori and L. fermentum secreted factors that promote survival of S. mitis during the stationary phase of growth. Using a metabolomics approach, we identified compounds that might be responsible for the conversion of H. pylori from spiral to coccoid cells. This study provide evidences that gastric bacteria influences H. pylori physiology and therefore possibly the diseases this bacterium causes.

Matched MeSH terms: Streptococcus mitis/physiology*
Efficacy of spray administration of formalin-killed Streptococcus agalactiae in hybrid Red Tilapia

Noraini O, Sabri MY, Siti-Zahrah A

J Aquat Anim Health, 2013 Jun;25(2):142-8.
PMID: 23724958 DOI: 10.1080/08997659.2013.781553

An initial evaluation of spray vaccination was carried out with 60 hybrid Red Tilapia Oreochromis spp., divided into three groups that consisted of 10 fish per group with duplicates. The formalin-killed cells (FKCs) of Streptococcus agalactiae were administered once to group 1 by spray and once daily for five consecutive days to group 2. Group 3 remained as the untreated control group and was sprayed with normal saline. A booster was given twice to all the groups, once at the second week and again at the fourth week after the first vaccination. After this initial evaluation, a challenge study was conducted with 40 tilapia divided into two groups that consisted of 10 fish per group with duplicates. Group 1 was vaccinated with FKCs of S. agalactiae by a single spray administration while group 2 remained as the untreated control group. A booster was given twice using the same protocol as in the initial evaluation. After 6 weeks, fish from one of the duplicate tanks from each of groups 1 and 2 were challenged with pathogenic S. agalactiae by intraperitoneal (IP) injection, while fish in another tank were challenged through immersion. Based on the observations, serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the challenged fish than in the either the preexposed fish or the control group 1 week after the initial exposure. However, no significant differences (P > 0.05) were noted between challenged groups 1 and 2. In addition, no significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed between the frequencies of exposure. The mucus IgM level, however, remained high after each booster until the end of the 8-week study period. Meanwhile, serum IgM levels decreased after the challenge. A higher percentage of survival was noted for fish challenged through immersion (80%) compared with IP injection (70%). These results suggested that single spray exposure was able to induce IgM, which gave moderate to high protection during the challenge study.

Matched MeSH terms: Streptococcus agalactiae/physiology*
Biosynthesis of high molecular weight hyaluronic acid by Streptococcus zooepidemicus using oxygen vector and optimum impeller tip speed

Lai ZW, Rahim RA, Ariff AB, Mohamad R

J Biosci Bioeng, 2012 Sep;114(3):286-91.
PMID: 22608992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2012.04.011

The potential use of n-dodecane and n-hexadecane as oxygen vectors for enhancing hyaluronic acid (HA) biosynthesis by Streptococcus zooepidemicus ATCC 39920 was investigated using a 2-L stirred-tank bioreactor equipped with helical ribbon or Rushton turbine impellers. The volumetric fraction of the oxygen vector influenced the gas-liquid volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient (K(L)a) positively. Batch HA fermentation with 1% (v/v) n-dodecane or 0.5% (v/v) n-hexadecane addition was carried out at different impeller tip speeds. Even though cell growth was lower in the fermentation with oxygen vector addition, the HA productivity and molecular weight were higher when compared to the fermentation without oxygen vector at low impeller tip speed. The highest HA concentration (4.25 gHA/l) and molecular weight (1.54 × 10(7) Da) were obtained when 0.5% (v/v) n-hexadecane and 0.785 m/s impeller tip speed of helical ribbon were used.

Matched MeSH terms: Streptococcus equi/metabolism*
The epidemiology of pneumococcal carriage and infections in Malaysia

Le CF, Jefferies JM, Yusof MY, Sekaran SD, Clarke SC

Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther, 2012 Jun;10(6):707-19.
PMID: 22734960 DOI: 10.1586/eri.12.54

In Malaysia, various aspects of the epidemiology of pneumococcal carriage and disease remain largely unclear due to the lack of supporting data. Although a number of relevant studies have been documented, their individual discrete findings are not sufficient to inform experts on pneumococcal epidemiology at a national level. Therefore, in this review we aim to bring together and systematically evaluate the key information regarding pneumococcal disease epidemiology in Malaysia and provide a comprehensive overview of the data. Major aspects discussed include pneumococcal carriage, disease incidence and prevalence, age factors, invasiveness of pneumococci, serotypes, molecular epidemiology and antibiotic susceptibility. Penicillin resistance is increasingly prevalent and studies suggest that the majority of pneumococcal serotypes causing pneumococcal disease in Malaysia are covered by currently available conjugate vaccines. Continued surveillance is needed to provide a better understanding of pneumococcal epidemiology in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Streptococcus pneumoniae/genetics*
The effect of the surface roughness of porcelain on the adhesion of oral Streptococcus mutans

Al-Marzok MI, Al-Azzawi HJ

J Contemp Dent Pract, 2009;10(6):E017-24.
PMID: 20020077

Dental plaque has a harmful influence on periodontal tissue. When a porcelain restoration is fabricated and refinishing of the glazed surface is inevitable, the increase in surface roughness facilitates the adhesion of plaque and its components. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of surface roughness of glazed or polished porcelain on the adhesion of oral Streptococcus mutans.

Matched MeSH terms: Streptococcus mutans/physiology*
Sphenoethmoid sinusitis in a child resulting in a disastrous intracranial sequela

Sow AJ, Jahendran J, Toh CJ, Kew TY

Ear Nose Throat J, 2012 Nov;91(11):E20-2.
PMID: 23288800

Localized sphenoethmoid sinusitis in children is a rare occurrence. It is usually overlooked because of the misconception that the sinuses are not developed. We describe a case of localized acute sphenoid and right posterior ethmoid sinusitis that presented as right frontobasal subdural empyema and multiple deep cerebral abscesses. Morbidity from subdural empyema in children is high. Early diagnosis and treatment based on recognition that the etiology might involve the paranasal sinuses affects the overall prognosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Streptococcus milleri Group*

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