Displaying publications 101 - 120 of 1020 in total

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  1. Phosphorus starvation response genes and function coupling: A mechanism to regulate phosphorus availability in a subtropical estuary
    Lin L, Xiong J, Yue T, Xu W, Liu L, Wang F, et al.
    Sci Total Environ, 2024 Jun 10;928:172575.
    PMID: 38641105 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172575
    Phosphorus (P) plays an important role in regulating primary production in estuarine environments. However, knowledge of the P-functional gene composition of microbial communities and the mechanisms of microbial adaptation to changes in available P in estuaries remain limited. This study coupling 16 s rDNA and metagenomics sequencing was conducted to reveal the relationship between P cycling functional genes, microbial interactions, and P availability in the Jiulong River Estuary. The results showed that the relative abundance of P cycling functions genes was highest in winter, and lowest in summer. Spatially, the total relative abundance of P cycling functions genes was higher in the riverward than that in the seaward. P cycling functional microbial interactions and P cycling gene coupling were strongest in summer and in the seaward. Changes in both temperature and salinity had significant direct and indirect effects on P cycling function, and the influence of salinity on P cycling function was greater than that on the microbial community in the estuary. Salinity had significant direct negative effects on inorganic P-solubilization (IP), organic P-mineralization (OP), and P uptake and transport functions (PT). Whereas, salinity had a significant positive effect on P-starvation response regulation (PR) function. Thus, salinity and microbial communities regulate the soluble reactive phosphate concentrations in estuarine environments by strengthening internal coupling among P cycling functions, promoting PR function, and facilitating PT gene expression. PR is the most important predictors, PR, PT, and PR-PT together explained 38.56 % of the overall soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) variation. Over 66 % of the explained SRP variations can be predicted by the PR, PT, and PR-PT functional genes. This finding improves the knowledge base of the microbial processes for P cycling and provides a foundation for eutrophication management strategies in the estuary.
    Matched MeSH terms: Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
  2. A review on reactive oxygen species-induced mechanism pathways of pharmaceutical waste degradation: Acetaminophen as a drug waste model
    Humayun S, Hayyan M, Alias Y
    J Environ Sci (China), 2025 Jan;147:688-713.
    PMID: 39003083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.11.021
    Innately designed to induce physiological changes, pharmaceuticals are foreknowingly hazardous to the ecosystem. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are recognized as a set of contemporary and highly efficient methods being used as a contrivance for the removal of pharmaceutical residues. Since reactive oxygen species (ROS) are formed in these processes to interact and contribute directly toward the oxidation of target contaminant(s), a profound insight regarding the mechanisms of ROS leading to the degradation of pharmaceuticals is fundamentally significant. The conceptualization of some specific reaction mechanisms allows the design of an effective and safe degradation process that can empirically reduce the environmental impact of the micropollutants. This review mainly deliberates the mechanistic reaction pathways for ROS-mediated degradation of pharmaceuticals often leading to complete mineralization, with a focus on acetaminophen as a drug waste model.
    Matched MeSH terms: Water Pollutants, Chemical/chemistry
  3. Beyond surface: Unveiling ecological and economic ramifications of microplastic pollution in the oceans
    Kurniawan TA, Mohyuddin A, Othman MHD, Goh HH, Zhang D, Anouzla A, et al.
    Water Environ Res, 2024 Jul;96(7):e11070.
    PMID: 39005104 DOI: 10.1002/wer.11070
    Every year, the global production of plastic waste reaches a staggering 400 million metric tons (Mt), precipitating adverse consequences for the environment, food safety, and biodiversity as it degrades into microplastics (MPs). The multifaceted nature of MP pollution, coupled with its intricate physiological impacts, underscores the pressing need for comprehensive policies and legislative frameworks. Such measures, alongside advancements in technology, hold promise in averting ecological catastrophe in the oceans. Mandated legislation represents a pivotal step towards restoring oceanic health and securing the well-being of the planet. This work offers an overview of the policy hurdles, legislative initiatives, and prospective strategies for addressing global pollution due to MP. Additionally, this work explores innovative approaches that yield fresh insights into combating plastic pollution across various sectors. Emphasizing the importance of a global plastics treaty, the article underscores its potential to galvanize collaborative efforts in mitigating MP pollution's deleterious effects on marine ecosystems. Successful implementation of such a treaty could revolutionize the plastics economy, steering it towards a circular, less polluting model operating within planetary boundaries. Failure to act decisively risks exacerbating the scourge of MP pollution and its attendant repercussions on both humanity and the environment. Central to this endeavor are the formulation, content, and execution of the treaty itself, which demand careful consideration. While recognizing that a global plastics treaty is not a panacea, it serves as a mechanism for enhancing plastics governance and elevating global ambitions towards achieving zero plastic pollution by 2040. Adopting a life cycle approach to plastic management allows for a nuanced understanding of possible trade-offs between environmental impact and economic growth, guiding the selection of optimal solutions with socio-economic implications in mind. By embracing a comprehensive strategy that integrates legislative measures and technological innovations, we can substantially reduce the influx of marine plastic litter at its sources, safeguarding the oceans for future generations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
  4. Enhanced adsorption-photodegradation of tetracycline using Ce-N-co-doped AC/TiO2 photocatalyst: isotherms, kinetics, mechanism, and thermodynamic insight
    Rahman NAAA, Khasri A, Salleh NHM, Jamir MRM
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2024 Oct;31(49):59398-59415.
    PMID: 39354260 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34948-6
    Excessive use of tetracycline (TC) is alarming owing to its increased detection in water systems. In this study, a photocatalyst was developed to degrade TC using a Ce-N-co-doped AC/TiO2 photocatalyst, denoted as Ce/N-AC/TiO2, prepared using the sol-gel method assisted by microwave radiation, speeding up the synthesis process. Ce/N-AC/TiO2 achieved maximum TC degradation of 93.1% under UV light with optimum sorption system conditions of an initial concentration of 10 mg L-1, pH 7, and 30 ℃, under 120 min. Scavenger experiments revealed that holes and superoxide radicals were the active species influencing the photodegradation process. The TC degradation was appropriately fitted with Langmuir isotherms and a pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic model. The change in enthalpy (ΔH) (2.43 kJ mol-1), entropy (ΔS) (0.024 kJ mol-1), and Gibbs free energy (ΔG) (- 4.941 to - 5.802 kJ mol-1) suggested that the adsorption process was spontaneous, favourable, and endothermic. Electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bonding, pore-filling, cationic-π, n-π, and π-π interaction were among the interactions involved between TC and Ce/N-AC/TiO2. Furthermore, Ce/N-AC/TiO2 stability was confirmed through 80% removal efficiency even after the fifth reuse cycle. Notably, this work provides new insight into the production of efficient, reusable, and enhanced photocatalysts using a rapid and cost-effective microwave-assisted synthesis process for pollutant remediation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Water Pollutants, Chemical/chemistry
  5. Fulltext Scalable mesoporous biochars from bagasse waste for Cu (II) removal: Process optimisation, kinetics and techno-economic analysis
    Bongosia JG, Al-Gailani A, Kolosz BW, Loy Chun Minh A, Lock SSM, Cheah KW, et al.
    J Environ Manage, 2024 Nov;370:122558.
    PMID: 39303585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122558
    As the world faces the brink of climatological disaster, it is crucial to utilize all available resources to facilitate environmental remediation, especially by accommodating waste streams. Lignocellulosic waste residues can be transformed into mesoporous biochar structures with substantial pore capacity. While biochars are considered a method of carbon dioxide removal (CDR), they are in fact an environmental double-edged sword that can be used to extract metal ions from water bodies. Biochars possess high chemical affinities through chemisorption pathways that are tuneable to specific pH conditions. This work demonstrates how biochars can be enhanced to maximise their surface area and porosity for the removal of Cu (II) in solution. It was found that bagasse derived mesoporous biochars operate preferentially at high pH (basic conditions), with the 1.18 mKOH/mSCB material reaching 97.85% Cu (II) removal in 5 min. This result is in stark contrast with the majority of biochar adsorbents that are only effective at low pH (acidic conditions). As a result, the biochars produced in this work can be directly applied to ancestral landfill sites and carbonate-rich mine waters which are highly basic by nature, preventing further metal infiltration and reverse sullied water supplies. Furthermore, to assess the value in the use of biochars produced and applied in this way, a techno-economic assessment was carried out to determine the true cost of biochar synthesis, with possible routes for revenue post-Cu being removed from the biochar.
    Matched MeSH terms: Water Pollutants, Chemical/chemistry
  6. Deep eutectic solvent-modified polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan thin film membrane for dye adsorption: Machine learning modeling, experimental, and density functional theory calculations
    Khajavian M, Ismail S
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2025 Mar;294:139479.
    PMID: 39756729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.139479
    The polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan (PVA/CS) thin film membrane was modified using a deep eutectic solvent (DES) to enhance its adsorption capability and mechanical strength for the removal of brilliant green (BG) dye. Batch adsorption experiments, machine learning (ML) modeling, and density functional theory (DFT) analyses were performed to evaluate the adsorption of BG using PVA/CS and DES-modified PVA/CS (DES/PVA/CS) membranes. Incorporating DES (5 wt%) into the PVA/CS membrane increased its elongation at break from 8.176 % to 22.817 %. The random forest ML model exhibited superior predictive accuracy (R2 = 0.93) compared to the artificial neural network (R2 = 0.68) for modeling the adsorption process. The adsorption experiments were conducted under optimal operating conditions for PVA/CS (pH 7.5, adsorbent mass 0.06 g, and initial BG concentration 65 mg/L) and DES/PVA/CS (pH 8, adsorbent mass 0.06 g, and initial BG concentration 80 mg/L), achieving maximum adsorption capacities of 23.15 mg/g for PVA/CS and 124.63 mg/g for DES/PVA/CS. DFT calculations showed adsorption energies of -20.76 kcal/mol and -23.13 kcal/mol for BG/PVA/CS and BG/DES/PVA/CS complexes, respectively. DES, a green modifier, significantly enhanced the adsorption capacity, mechanical stability, and functional group diversity of PVA/CS membranes, thereby enabling more efficient dye removal.
    Matched MeSH terms: Water Pollutants, Chemical/chemistry
  7. Remote sensing research on plastics in marine and inland water: Development, opportunities and challenge
    Chen Z, Si W, Johnson VC, Oke SA, Wang S, Lv X, et al.
    J Environ Manage, 2025 Jan;373:123815.
    PMID: 39721385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123815
    The accumulation of plastic waste from various sources into marine and inland water is considered a global problem due to its serious impacts on aquatic ecosystems and human health. In the past decade, remote sensing has played an important role in monitoring of plastic pollution in marine and inland water sources and has achieved a series of research results in this field. In this study, a comprehensive review was conducted on the development, opportunities, and challenges of datasets and methods in Marine and Inland Water Plastics Remote Sensing (MIWPRS) monitoring over the past decade, based on the Web of Science (WOS) core database. The results indicated that compared with traditional methods, remote sensing has attracted the attention of scholars due to its advantages. Since 2014, the number of related publications has been increasing year by year, especially in China and the United States, which have achieved tremendous development. The MIWPRS research focus mostly on the use of different satellite remote sensing data and related algorithms to obtain the distribution of plastics in marine and inland water. However, it faces the challenge of lacking subsequent systematic impact assessment models and key pollution prevention measures. In terms of data acquisition, there is a lack of continuous observation models due to the fluidity of marine and inland water. Therefore, MIWPRS has great development opportunities in developing specialized sensors and combining multi-source data with interdisciplinary knowledge such as artificial intelligence (AI) and GIS. It is necessary for us to improve the seasonal migration model of plastics in water and promote the development of MIWPRS towards broader and deeper fields.
    Matched MeSH terms: Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
  8. Evidence of microcystin bioaccumulation and its effects on structural alterations in various shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei Boone, 1931) tissues from shrimp aquaculture in the northern coastal region of East Java, Indonesia
    Soegianto A, Mukholladun W, Putranto TWC, Marchellina A, Manaf LBA, Irnidayanti Y, et al.
    Mar Pollut Bull, 2025 Feb;211:117467.
    PMID: 39700704 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.117467
    Microcystins are generated by diverse cyanobacteria in shrimp ponds marked by high nutrient levels. The study examined microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR) in the pond water, gills, hepatopancreas, and muscle of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) from shrimp ponds on the northern coast of East Java and its effects on their histological structures. In shrimp ponds dominated by cyanobacteria particularly Microcystis and Oscillatoria, MC-LR levels were high. In pond water, Microcystis and Oscillatoria levels increased along with NO2-, NH4+, clarity, and salinity. Shrimp tissues, such as the gills and hepatopancreas, experienced elevated MC-LR concentrations as a consequence of the MC-LR toxin increase in pond water. Shrimp inhabitants of ponds with elevated MC-LR concentrations exhibited significant changes in histological architecture, like hyperplasia in gill tissue and extensive vacuolation in hepatopancreas tissue. L. vannamei muscle samples show MC-LR amounts below the WHO's recommended daily intake of 0.04 μg/kg body weight/day, indicating no health risks to humans.
    Matched MeSH terms: Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
  9. Mapping pollution dynamics: utilizing GNOME to model oil spill trajectories in tanker terminals
    Farzingohar M, Bagheri M, Gholami I, Ibrahim ZZ, Akhir MF
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2024 May;31(25):37404-37427.
    PMID: 38777973 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33506-4
    The aim of this study is to uncover the multifaceted environmental threats posed by Oil Spill Water Pollution (OSWP) originating from tanker terminals situated in the Qeshm and Hormozgan regions of Iran. In this region, water pollution arises from diverse sources, mostly from ruptured pipelines, corroded valves, unforeseen accidents, and aging facilities. The Qeshm Canal and Qeshm Tanker Terminal emerged as pivotal sites for investigation within this study. The focus is directed towards pinpointing vulnerable areas at risk of water contamination and delving into the intricate pathways and impacts associated with oil spills. Utilizing the sophisticated modeling capabilities of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) GNOME model, the research explores various scenarios extrapolated from seasonal atmospheric and oceanic data through 2022. The findings show the OSWP hazard zones located northeast of Qeshm. Notably, the wind and currents greatly affect how OSWPs are destined and dispersed. This underscores the intricate interplay between environmental factors and spill dynamics. In essence, this study not only sheds light on the imminent environmental threats posed by OSWP but also underscores the critical need for proactive measures and comprehensive strategies to mitigate the adverse impacts on marine ecosystems and coastal communities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
  10. Spatial distribution of heavy metal in sands and sediments of Parki Beach, Chattogram, Bangladesh
    Rusdi MS, Karim MR, Hossain S, Chowdhury MDA, Nazim-Ud-Doulah, Rahman MS, et al.
    Environ Monit Assess, 2024 Nov 30;196(12):1275.
    PMID: 39614922 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-13399-z
    To assess the sources, levels, spatial distributions and exposure to human health, the concentration of heavy metals Pb, Cu, Mn, Zn, and Fe in the sand/sediment of the Parki Beach area of Anowara, Chattogram, Bangladesh are determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) for the first time. A total of 40 surface and subsurface sand and sediment samples were collected from 20 different sampling points along the 15 km long Parki Beach area, Bangladesh. Average concentrations of Pb, Cu, Mn, Zn and Fe in surface samples are 14.60, 10.10, 283, 407 and 25,256 mg/kg respectively and 9.95, 4.20, 193, 156.6 and 24,404 mg/kg for sub-surface samples, respectively, which shows that the values are higher in surface samples than those in sub-surface samples. According to the Consensus-Based Sediment Quality Guidelines (CBSQG), the northern part of the beach becomes moderately polluted by Mn and Fe, and a smaller area of the southern part is highly polluted by Zn. The average Contamination Factor (CF) of Zn was greater than 1(CF > 1), while the CF of other metals was less than 1(CF 
    Matched MeSH terms: Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
  11. An insight into the role of experimental parameters in advanced oxidation process applied for pharmaceutical degradation
    Qutob M, Alshehri S, Shakeel F, Alam P, Rafatullah M
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2024 Apr;31(18):26452-26479.
    PMID: 38546921 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33040-3
    The advanced oxidation process (AOP) is an efficient method to treat recalcitrance pollutants such as pharmaceutical compounds. The essential physicochemical factors in AOP experiments significantly influence the efficiency, speed, cost, and safety of byproducts of the treatment process. In this review, we collected recent articles that investigated the elimination of pharmaceutical compounds by various AOP systems in a water medium, and then we provide an overview of AOP systems, the formation mechanisms of active radicals or reactive oxygen species (ROS), and their detection methods. Then, we discussed the role of the main physicochemical parameters (pH, chemical interference, temperature, catalyst, pollutant concentration, and oxidant concentration) in a critical way. We gained insight into the most frequent scenarios for the proper and improper physicochemical parameters for the degradation of pharmaceutical compounds. Also, we mentioned the main factors that restrict the application of AOP systems in a commercial way. We demonstrated that a proper adjustment of AOP experimental parameters resulted in promoting the treatment performance, decreasing the treatment cost and the treatment operation time, increasing the safeness of the system products, and improving the reaction stoichiometric efficiency. The outcomes of this review will be beneficial for future AOP applicants to improve the pharmaceutical compound treatment by providing a deeper understanding of the role of the parameters. In addition, the proper application of physicochemical parameters in AOP systems acts to track the sustainable development goals (SDGs).
    Matched MeSH terms: Water Pollutants, Chemical/chemistry
  12. Biodegradation of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS) microplastics by floc-forming bacteria, Bacillus cereus strain SHBF2, isolated from a commercial aquafarm
    Hossain S, Shukri ZNA, Waiho K, Ibrahim YS, Kamaruzzan AS, Rahim AIA, et al.
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2024 May;31(22):32225-32245.
    PMID: 38644425 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33337-3
    The ubiquitous proximity of the commonly used microplastic (MP) particles particularly polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS) poses a serious threat to the environment and human health globally. Biological treatment as an environment-friendly approach to counter MP pollution has recent interest when the bio-agent has beneficial functions in their ecosystem. This study aimed to utilize beneficial floc-forming bacteria Bacillus cereus SHBF2 isolated from an aquaculture farm in reducing the MP particles (PE, PP, and PS) from their environment. The bacteria were inoculated for 60 days in a medium containing MP particle as a sole carbon source. On different days of incubation (DOI), the bacterial growth analysis was monitored and the MP particles were harvested to examine their weight loss, surface changes, and alterations in chemical properties. After 60 DOI, the highest weight loss was recorded for PE, 6.87 ± 0.92%, which was further evaluated to daily reduction rate (k), 0.00118 day-1, and half-life (t1/2), 605.08 ± 138.52 days. The OD value (1.74 ± 0.008 Abs.) indicated the higher efficiency of bacteria for PP utilization, and so for the colony formation per define volume (1.04 × 1011 CFU/mL). Biofilm formation, erosions, cracks, and fragments were evident during the observation of the tested MPs using the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The formation of carbonyl and alcohol group due to the oxidation and hydrolysis by SHBF2 strain were confirmed using the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (FTIR) analysis. Additionally, the alterations of pH and CO2 evolution from each of the MP type ensures the bacterial activity and mineralization of the MP particles. The findings of this study have confirmed and indicated a higher degree of biodegradation for all of the selected MP particles. B. cereus SHBF2, the floc-forming bacteria used in aquaculture, has demonstrated a great potential for use as an efficient MP-degrading bacterium in the biofloc farming system in the near future to guarantee a sustainable green aquaculture production.
    Matched MeSH terms: Water Pollutants, Chemical/metabolism
  13. Solvent-free synthesis of an efficient heterojunction Cr2O3/g-C3N4 composites for the photocatalytic removal of TC-HCl antibiotic and RO16 dye
    O-In W, Sirimahachai U, Chong KF, Lee SP, Rujiralai T
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2025 Jan;32(2):891-903.
    PMID: 39707133 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-35798-y
    Cr2O3/g-C3N4 photocatalyst was successfully synthesized via the one-pot thermal polycondensation method by mixing different ratios of CrCl3.H2O and thiourea. Thiourea was used as the precursor for building g-C3N4. All samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electrochemical experiment (photocurrent and EIS). The photocatalytic performance of the composites was studied by the photodegradation process of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC-HCl) and reactive orange 16 (RO16) under visible light irradiation. The results showed that the 1%Cr2O3/g-C3N4 was the most effective photocatalyst with 94.9% (30 min) and 80.6% (90 min) for degradation of RO16 and TC-HCl, respectively, when compared with the other ratios. Additionally, from the reactive species trapping test, superoxide radical was the major reactive species in this reaction. Finally, this material could be reused with great efficiency with 5 and 7 times for TC-HCl and RO16, respectively. The synthesized composites manifest the great potential for the wastewater treatment industry.
    Matched MeSH terms: Water Pollutants, Chemical/chemistry
  14. Effect of food preparation using naturally-contaminated groundwater from La Pampa, Argentina: Estimation of elemental dietary intake from rice and drinking water
    Jaafar M, Marcilla AL, Felipe-Sotelo M, Ward NI
    Food Chem, 2018 Apr 25;246:258-265.
    PMID: 29291847 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.11.019
    Water from La Pampa, Argentina, was used for washing and cooking rice to examine the in-situ impact of using naturally-contaminated water for food preparation on the elemental dietary intake. Whilst washing with the control tap water (28 μg/L As) reduced the concentration of As in rice by 23%, the use of different well waters (281-1144 μg/L) increased As levels significantly (48-227%) in comparison with the original concentration in the rice (0.056 µg/g). Cooking the rice at a low water-to-rice ratio (2:1) using modern methods increased the levels of As in the cooked samples by 2-3 orders of magnitude for both pre-washed and un-washed rice. Similar trends were observed for vanadium. Although the levels of manganese, iron, copper, zinc and molybdenum in rice were reduced during washing and cooking for most water samples, the molybdenum concentration in the cooked rice doubled (2.2-2.9 µg/g) when using water containing >1 mg/L Mo.
    Matched MeSH terms: Water Pollutants/analysis; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
  15. Fulltext Optimal reduction of chemical oxygen demand and NH3-N from landfill leachate using a strongly resistant novel Bacillus salmalaya strain
    Dadrasnia A, Azirun MS, Ismail SB
    BMC Biotechnol, 2017 Nov 28;17(1):85.
    PMID: 29179747 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-017-0395-9
    BACKGROUND: When the unavoidable waste generation is considered as damaging to our environment, it becomes crucial to develop a sustainable technology to remediate the pollutant source towards an environmental protection and safety. The development of a bioengineering technology for highly efficient pollutant removal is this regard. Given the high ammonia nitrogen content and chemical oxygen demand of landfill leachate, Bacillus salmalaya strain 139SI, a novel resident strain microbe that can survive in high ammonia nitrogen concentrations, was investigated for the bioremoval of ammonia nitrogen from landfill leachate. The treatability of landfill leachate was evaluated under different treatment parameters, such as temperature, inoculum dosage, and pH.

    RESULTS: Results demonstrated that bioaugmentation with the novel strain can potentially improve the biodegradability of landfill leachate. B. salmalaya strain 139SI showed high potential to enhance biological treatment given its maximum NH3-N and COD removal efficiencies. The response surface plot pattern indicated that within 11 days and under optimum conditions (10% v/v inoculant, pH 6, and 35 °C), B. salmalaya strain139SI removed 78% of ammonia nitrogen. At the end of the study, biological and chemical oxygen demands remarkably decreased by 88% and 91.4%, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that ammonia ions covered the cell surface of B. salmalaya strain139SI.

    CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, novel resistant Bacillus salmalaya strain139SI significantly reduces the chemical oxygen demand and NH3-N content of landfill leachate. Leachate treatment by B. salmalaya strain 139SI within 11 days.

    Matched MeSH terms: Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis*; Water Pollutants, Chemical/metabolism; Water Pollutants, Chemical/chemistry
  16. Online preconcentration by electrokinetic supercharging for separation of endocrine disrupting chemical and phenolic pollutants in water samples
    Abdul Karim N', Wan Ibrahim WA, Sanagi MM, Abdul Keyon AS
    Electrophoresis, 2016 10;37(20):2649-2656.
    PMID: 27434368 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600207
    Online preconcentration using electrokinetic supercharging (EKS) was proposed to enhance the sensitivity of separation for endocrine disrupting chemical (methylparaben (MP)) and phenolic pollutants (2-nitrophenol (NP) and 4-chlorophenol (CP)) in water sample. Important EKS and separation conditions such as the concentration of BGE; the choice of terminating electrolyte (TE); and the injection time of leading electrolyte (LE), sample, and TE were optimized. The optimum EKS-CE conditions were as follows: BGE comprising of 12 mM sodium tetraborate pH 10.1, 100 mM sodium chloride as LE hydrodynamically injected at 50 mbar for 30 s, electrokinetic injection (EKI) of sample at -3 kV for 200 s, and 100 mM CHES as TE hydrodynamically injected at 50 mbar for 40 s. The separation was conducted at negative polarity mode and UV detection at 214 nm. Under these conditions, the sensitivity of analytes was enhanced from 100- to 737-fold as compared to normal CZE with hydrodynamic injection, giving LOD of 4.89, 5.29, and 53 μg/L for MP, NP and CP, respectively. The LODs were adequate for the analysis of NP and CP in environmental water sample having concentration at or lower than their maximum admissible concentration limit (240 and 2000 μg/L for NP and CP). The LOD of MP can be suitable for the analysis of MP exists at mid-microgram per liter level, even though the LOD was slightly higher than the concentration usually found in water samples (from ng/L to 1 μg/L). The method repeatabilities (%RSD) were in the range of 1.07-2.39% (migration time) and 8.28-14.0% (peak area).
    Matched MeSH terms: Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis; Water Pollutants, Chemical/isolation & purification*; Water Pollutants, Chemical/chemistry
  17. Organochlorine pesticide residues in rice paddies in Malaysia, 1981
    Meier PG, Fook DC, Lagler KF
    Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 1983 Mar;30(3):351-7.
    PMID: 6850121
    Matched MeSH terms: Water Pollutants/analysis*; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis*
  18. Contamination, bioaccumulation and toxic effects of perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs) in the water environment: a review paper
    Suja F, Pramanik BK, Zain SM
    Water Sci Technol, 2009;60(6):1533-44.
    PMID: 19759456 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2009.504
    Perfluorinated compounds such as perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctane acid (PFOA) have been recognized as emerging environmental pollutants because of their ubiquitous occurrence in the environment, biota and humans. The paper focuses on the distribution, bioaccumulation and toxic effects of PFOS and PFOA in the water. From the available literature, tap and surface water samples in several countries were found to be contaminated with PFOS and PFOA. These compounds were detected globally in the tissues of fish, bird and marine mammals. Their concentrations from relatively more industrialized areas were greater than those from the less populated and remote locations. Blood samples of occupationally exposed people and the general population in various countries were found to contain PFOS and PFOA which suggested a possibility of atmospheric transport of these compounds. There is still a death of information about the environmental pathways of PFOS and PFOA. The presence of these compounds in the tap water, surface water and animal and human tissues indicates their global contamination and bioaccumulative phenomena in the ecosystems.
    Matched MeSH terms: Water Pollutants, Chemical/blood; Water Pollutants, Chemical/metabolism*; Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity*
  19. Biodecolorization of recalcitrant dye as the sole sourceof nutrition using Curvularia clavata NZ2 and decolorization ability of its crude enzymes
    Neoh CH, Lam CY, Lim CK, Yahya A, Bay HH, Ibrahim Z, et al.
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2015 Aug;22(15):11669-78.
    PMID: 25850745 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4436-4
    Extensive use of recalcitrant azo dyes in textile and paper industries poses a direct threat to the environment due to the carcinogenicity of their degradation products. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of Curvularia clavata NZ2 in decolorization of azo dyes. The ability of the fungus to decolorize azo dyes can be evaluated as an important outcome as existing effluent treatment is unable to remove the dyes effectively. C. clavata has the ability to decolorize Reactive Black 5 (RB5), Acid Orange 7 (AO7), and Congo Red azo dyes, utilizing these as sole sources of carbon and nitrogen. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy and Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of the extracted RB5's metabolites along with desorption tests confirmed that the decolorization process occurred due to degradation and not merely by adsorption. Enzyme activities of extracellular enzymes such as carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase), xylanase, laccase, and manganese peroxidase (MnP) were also detected during the decolorization process. Toxicity expressed as inhibition of germination was reduced significantly in fungal-treated azo dye solution when compared with the control. The cultivation of C. clavata under sequential batch system also recorded a decolorization efficiency of above 90%. The crude enzyme secreted by C. clavata also showed excellent ability to decolorize RB5 solutions with concentrations of 100 ppm (88-92%) and 1000 ppm (70-77%) without redox mediator. This proved that extracellular enzymes produced by C. clavata played a major role in decolorization of RB5.
    Matched MeSH terms: Water Pollutants, Chemical/metabolism*; Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity; Water Pollutants, Chemical/chemistry
  20. Fulltext Draft Genome Sequence of Clostridium bifermentans Strain WYM, a Promising Biohydrogen Producer Isolated from Landfill Leachate Sludge
    Wong YM, Juan JC, Gan HM, Austin CM
    Genome Announc, 2014;2(2).
    PMID: 24604639 DOI: 10.1128/genomeA.00077-14
    Clostridium bifermentans strain WYM is an effective biohydrogen producer isolated from landfill leachate sludge. Here, we present the assembly and annotation of its genome, which may provide further insights into the metabolic pathways involved in efficient biohydrogen production.
    Matched MeSH terms: Water Pollutants, Chemical
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