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Relationship between vehicle count and particulate air pollution in Amman, Jordan

Alnawaiseh NA, Hashim JH, Isa ZM

Asia Pac J Public Health, 2015 Mar;27(2):NP1742-51.
PMID: 22899706 DOI: 10.1177/1010539512455046

The main objective of this cross-sectional comparative study is to observe the relationship between traffic-related air pollutants, particularly particulate matter (PM) of total suspended particulate (TSP) and PM of size 10 µm (PM10), and vehicle traffic in Amman, Jordan. Two study areas were chosen randomly as a high-polluted area (HPA) and low-polluted area (LPA). The findings indicate that TSP and PM10 were still significantly correlated with traffic count even after controlling for confounding factors (temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed): TSP, r = 0.726, P < .001; PM10, r = 0.719, P < .001). There was a significant positive relationship between traffic count and PM level: TSP, P < .001; PM10, P < .001. Moreover, there was a significant negative relationship between temperature and PM10 level (P = .018). Traffic volume contributed greatly to high concentrations of TSP and PM10 in areas with high traffic count, in addition to the effect of temperature.
Fulltext Predicting outcome of trial of voiding without catheter in acute urinary retention with intravesical prostatic protrusion

Syazarina Sharis O, Zulkifli MZ, Hamzaini AH

Malays J Med Sci, 2013 Jan;20(1):56-9.
PMID: 23785255 MyJurnal

Acute urinary retention (AUR) is one of the most serious complications of benign prostatic hypertrophy. This study was done to predict the outcome of trial of voiding without catheter (TWOC) in patients with AUR with intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP) detected on transabdominal ultrasound. Other factors such as prostatic volume and patient's age were also assessed.
Fulltext Rotavirus - A Retrospective Study of Incidence at the Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM)

Ludin CM, Radzi JM, Maimunah A

Malays J Med Sci, 2003 Jul;10(2):87-90.
PMID: 23386803 MyJurnal

The present study, analyzes data from 1991 to 2000 for rotavirus infection among children with diarrhoea and acute gastroenteritis admitted to the Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM). The Latex Slide Agglutination Test was used for the detection of rotavirus antigens. Out of 1097 stool samples tested, 207 samples or 18.8 % were found to be positive for rotavirus. The infection occurred most frequently in infants and young children from 6 months to 2 years of age. The infection was recorded highest in the year of 2000 - 48 cases (34.1%) and the lowest in 1999 - 5 cases (6.6%). Stool examination and cultures from the rotavirus positive samples revealed no parasites and enteropathogenic bacteria. These observations suggested that rotavirus could still remain as an important agent causing diarrhoea and gastroenteritis in young children admitted to HUSM.
Nanotechnological Advances in Burn Wound Care: Silver Sulfadiazine-Loaded Nanosuspension-Based Chitosan-Incorporated Nanogel for Partial Thickness Burns

Barkat H, Barkat MA, Ali R, Hadi H

Int J Low Extrem Wounds, 2025 Jan 21.
PMID: 39834338 DOI: 10.1177/15347346241309425

Burn lesions damage the skin's outermost defensive layer, allowing pathogenic microbes including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli to infiltrate. Silver sulfadiazine (SSD) is an effective antibacterial agent approved by U.S. Food and Drug Administration (US-FDA) and is considered as the gold standard for burn wound treatment. Despite the high degree of efficacy of SSD in burn wound management, it possesses some drawbacks, such as poor solubility, low topical bioavailability and skin irritations. The present study endeavors to develop nanosuspension based SSD nanogel for improving the deliverability of SSD and its therapeutic outcomes for the management of partial thickness burn. The SSD nanosuspension was formulated employing controlled nanoprecipitation approach using various surfactants. The formulation was optimized utilizing one-factor-at-a-time approach and to fetch the optimized formulation of 134.6 nm size. The optimized nanosuspension was incorporated into chitosan gel that offer superior drug release potential, and also offered better spreadability (5.21 ± 0.38 g) and extrudability (152.27 ± 0.22 gm) that represents the easy application over the skin and extrusion of gel from the tube. The formulation was well tolerated as shown by skin irritation study and offered a superior burn lesion healing characteristics vis-à-vis the marketed product, even at a lower concentration. Hence, the formulation offers a huge potential in enhancing the clinical outcomes of SSD, especially in the management of partial thickness burn. The developed system with the above mentioned outcomes could be a promising delivery system for partial thickness burn wound management.
Fulltext The Effect of Individualised Glycemic Intervention on Wound Healing Rate in Diabetic Foot Ulcer (The EIGIFU Study)

Lim KP, Nasruddi AB, Rani NM

J ASEAN Fed Endocr Soc, 2018;33(1):22-27.
PMID: 33442107 DOI: 10.15605/jafes.033.01.04

Objective: To evaluate the association of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) reduction and wound healing in patients with diabetic foot ulcer (DFU).
Methodology: A 12-week prospective, non-controlled, interventional study in suboptimal-controlled T2DM patients with DFU was conducted. Antidiabetic medications were adjusted with the aim of at least 1% in relation to patient's individualised HbA1c target. The wound area was determined by using specific wound tracing. The daily wound area healing rate in cm2 per day was calculated as the difference between wound area at first visit and the subsequent visit divided by the number of days between the two visits.
Results: 19 patients were included in the study. There was a significant HbA1c reduction from 10.33 %+1.83% to 6.89%+1.4% (p<0.001) with no severe hypoglycaemia. The median daily wound area healing rate was 0.234 (0.025,0.453) cm2/day. There was a strong positive correlation between these two variables (r=0.752, p=0.01). After dividing the patients into four quartiles based on final HbA1c and comparing the first quartile vs fourth quartile, there was a significant difference in daily wound area healing rates (0.597 vs 0.044 cm2/day, p=0.012).
Conclusion: There was a positive correlation between HbA1c reduction and wound healing rate in patients with DFU. Although this is an association study, the study postulated the benefits of achieving lower HbA1c on wound healing rate in DFU which require evidence from future randomised controlled studies.
Fulltext Understanding the Relationship between Environmental Factors and Mental Health Status among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Scoping Review

Amsah N, Isa ZM, Ahmad N

Iran J Public Health, 2024 Sep;53(9):1924-1934.
PMID: 39429666 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v53i9.16448

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with a wide range of health outcomes, including an increased risk of depression and anxiety and a decline in quality of life. Even though the significance of biopsychological factors in the mental health status of T2DM patients has been discussed in other studies, the role of environmental factors has been lacking. Therefore, this review aimed to identify the relationship between environmental factors and mental health status among T2DM patients.
METHODS: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for scoping reviews was utilized in this study. Using predetermined keywords, a systematic search was conducted on three electronic databases from 2005 to 2023, namely, Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed. Articles written in English, and studies focusing on the research question are among the inclusion criteria. Ten articles were extracted that were relevant to the research question.
RESULTS: Poor socioeconomic status, urban areas, the influence of neighborhood, greenness, and air pollution had associations with mental health status among T2DM patients.
CONCLUSION: The possible implications of these factors for mental health demand further research and policy consideration.
Functional properties of chitosan built nanohydrogel with enhanced glucose-sensitivity

Ullah F, Othman MB, Javed F, Ahmad Z, Akil HM, Rasib SZ

Int J Biol Macromol, 2016 Feb;83:376-84.
PMID: 26597568 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.11.040

A new approach to design multifunctional chitosan based nanohydrogel with enhanced glucose sensitivity, stability, drug loading and release profile are reported. Two approaches were followed for functionalization of chitosan based nanohydrogel with 3-APBA via EDC and 3-APTES. The effective functionalization, structure and morphology of Chitosan based IPN respectively were confirmed by FTIR, SEM and AFM. At physiological conditions, the glucose-induced volume phase transition and release profile of the model drug Alizarin Red with 1,2-diol structure (comparative to insulin as a drug as well as a dye for bio separation) were studied at various glucose concentrations, pH and ionic strengths. The results suggested a new concept for diabetes treatment and diols sensitivity in view of their potential hi-tech applications in self-regulated on-off response to the treatment (drug delivery and bio separation concurrently).
Fulltext Longitudinal, lateral and transverse axes of forearm muscles influence the crosstalk in the mechanomyographic signals during isometric wrist postures

Islam MA, Sundaraj K, Ahmad RB, Sundaraj S, Ahamed NU, Ali MA

PLoS One, 2014;9(8):e104280.
PMID: 25090008 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104280

In mechanomyography (MMG), crosstalk refers to the contamination of the signal from the muscle of interest by the signal from another muscle or muscle group that is in close proximity.
Fulltext Role of EEG as biomarker in the early detection and classification of dementia

Al-Qazzaz NK, Ali SH, Ahmad SA, Chellappan K, Islam MS, Escudero J

ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:906038.
PMID: 25093211 DOI: 10.1155/2014/906038

The early detection and classification of dementia are important clinical support tasks for medical practitioners in customizing patient treatment programs to better manage the development and progression of these diseases. Efforts are being made to diagnose these neurodegenerative disorders in the early stages. Indeed, early diagnosis helps patients to obtain the maximum treatment benefit before significant mental decline occurs. The use of electroencephalogram as a tool for the detection of changes in brain activities and clinical diagnosis is becoming increasingly popular for its capabilities in quantifying changes in brain degeneration in dementia. This paper reviews the role of electroencephalogram as a biomarker based on signal processing to detect dementia in early stages and classify its severity. The review starts with a discussion of dementia types and cognitive spectrum followed by the presentation of the effective preprocessing denoising to eliminate possible artifacts. It continues with a description of feature extraction by using linear and nonlinear techniques, and it ends with a brief explanation of vast variety of separation techniques to classify EEG signals. This paper also provides an idea from the most popular studies that may help in diagnosing dementia in early stages and classifying through electroencephalogram signal processing and analysis.
Pilot-scale production of lipase using palm oil mill effluent as a basal medium and its immobilization by selected materials

Asih DR, Alam MZ, Alam Z, Salleh MN, Salleh N, Salihu A

J Oleo Sci, 2014;63(8):779-85.
PMID: 25017863

A pilot-scale production of lipase using palm oil mill effluent (POME) as a fermentation basal medium was carried out, and parameters for immobilization of the produced lipase were optimized. Lipase production in a 300-L bioreactor was performed using two proposed strategies, constant power per volume (P/V) and constant tip speed. Moreover, lipase immobilization on different materials was also investigated. Lipase production was performed using liquid-state bioconversion of POME as the medium and Candida cylindracea as the inoculum. The fermentation medium was composed of 1% total suspended solids (TSS) of POME, 0.5% (w/v) peptone, 0.7% (v/v) Tween-80, and 2.2% inoculum. The medium composition was decided on the basis of the medium optimization results of a previous study. The fermentation was carried out for 48 h at 30°C and pH 6. The maximum lipase production was 5.72U/mL and 21.34 U/mL, obtained from the scale-up strategies of constant tip speed and P/V, respectively. Four accessible support materials were screened for their potential use in immobilization. The most suitable support material was found to be activated carbon, with a maximum immobilization of 94%.
Evaluation of repetitive isometric contractions on the heads of triceps brachii muscle during grip force exercise

Ali MA, Sundaraj K, Ahmad RB, Ahamed NU, Islam MA, Sundaraj S

Technol Health Care, 2014;22(4):617-25.
PMID: 24990168 DOI: 10.3233/THC-140833

Normally, surface electromyography electrodes are used to evaluate the activity of superficial muscles during various kinds of voluntary contractions of muscle fiber. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of repetitive isometric contractions on the three heads of the triceps brachii muscle during handgrip force exercise.
Simplified feeding strategies for the fed-batch cultivation of Kluyveromyces lactis GG799 for enhanced recombinant xylanase production

Fuzi SF, Razali F, Jahim JM, Rahman RA, Illias RM

Bioprocess Biosyst Eng, 2014 Sep;37(9):1887-98.
PMID: 24633311 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-014-1163-z

A xylanase gene (xyn2) from Trichoderma reesei ATCC 58350 was previously cloned and expressed in Kluyveromyces lactis GG799. The production of the recombinant xylanase was conducted in a developed medium with an optimised batch and with fed-batches that were processed with glucose. The glucose served as a carbon source for cell growth and as an inducer for xylanase production. In a 1-L batch system, a glucose concentration of 20 g L(-1) and 80 % dissolved oxygen were found to provide the best conditions for the tested ranges. A xylanase activity of 75.53 U mL(-1) was obtained. However, in the batch mode, glucose depletions reduced the synthesis of recombinant xylanase by K. lactis GG799. To maximise the production of xylanase, further optimisation was performed using exponential feeding. We investigated the effects of various nitrogen sources combined with the carbon to nitrogen (C/N) molar ratio on the production of xylanase. Of the various nitrogen sources, yeast extract was found to be the most useful for recombinant xylanase production. The highest xylanase production (110.13 U mL(-1)) was measured at a C/N ratio of 50.08. These conditions led to a 45.8 % increase in xylanase activity compared with the batch cultures. Interestingly, the further addition of 500 g L(-1) glucose led to a 6.2-fold increase (465.07 U mL(-1)) in recombinant xylanase activity. These findings, together with those of the exponential feeding strategy, indicate that the composition of the C/N molar ratio has a substantial impact on recombinant protein production in K. lactis.
Is metal nanofluid reliable as heat carrier?

Nine MJ, Chung H, Tanshen MR, Osman NA, Jeong H

J Hazard Mater, 2014 May 30;273:183-91.
PMID: 24735805 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.03.055

A pre- and post experimental analysis of copper-water and silver-water nanofluids are conducted to investigate minimal changes in quality of nanofluids before and after an effective heat transfer. A single loop oscillating heat pipe (OHP) having inner diameter of 2.4mm is charged with aforementioned nanofluids at 60% filling ratio for end to end heat transfer. Post experimental analysis of both nanofluids raises questions to the physical, chemical and thermal stability of such suspension for hazardless uses in the field of heat transfer. The color, deposition, dispersibility, propensity to be oxidized, disintegration, agglomeration and thermal conductivity of metal nanofluids are found to be strictly affected by heat transfer process and vice versa. Such degradation in quality of basic properties of metal nanofluids implies its challenges in practical application even for short-term heat transfer operations at oxidative environment as nano-sized metal particles are chemically more unstable than its bulk material. The use of the solid/liquid suspension containing metal nanoparticles in any heat exchanger as heat carrier might be detrimental to the whole system.
Fulltext Cross-talk in mechanomyographic signals from the forearm muscles during sub-maximal to maximal isometric grip force

Islam MA, Sundaraj K, Ahmad RB, Sundaraj S, Ahamed NU, Ali MA

PLoS One, 2014;9(5):e96628.
PMID: 24802858 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096628

This study aimed: i) to examine the relationship between the magnitude of cross-talk in mechanomyographic (MMG) signals generated by the extensor digitorum (ED), extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU), and flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) muscles with the sub-maximal to maximal isometric grip force, and with the anthropometric parameters of the forearm, and ii) to quantify the distribution of the cross-talk in the MMG signal to determine if it appears due to the signal component of intramuscular pressure waves produced by the muscle fibers geometrical changes or due to the limb tremor.
Surface electromyographic analysis of the biceps brachii muscle of cricket bowlers during bowling

Ahamed NU, Sundaraj K, Ahmad B, Rahman M, Ali MA, Islam MA

Australas Phys Eng Sci Med, 2014 Mar;37(1):83-95.
PMID: 24477560 DOI: 10.1007/s13246-014-0245-1

Cricket bowling generates forces with torques on the upper limb muscles and makes the biceps brachii (BB) muscle vulnerable to overuse injury. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there are differences in the amplitude of the EMG signal of the BB muscle during fast and spin delivery, during the seven phases of both types of bowling and the kinesiological interpretation of the bowling arm for muscle contraction mechanisms during bowling. A group of 16 male amateur bowlers participated in this study, among them 8 fast bowlers (FB) and 8 spin bowlers (SB). The root mean square (EMGRMS), the average sEMG (EMGAVG), the maximum peak amplitude (EMGpeak), and the variability of the signal were calculated using the coefficient of variance (EMGCV) from the BB muscle of each bowler (FB and SB) during each bowling phase. The results demonstrate that, (i) the BB muscle is more active during FB than during SB, (ii) the point of ball release and follow-through generated higher signals than the other five movements during both bowling categories, (iii) the BB muscle variability is higher during SB compared with FB, (iv) four statistically significant differences (p<0.05) found between the bowling phases in fast bowling and three in spin bowling, and (v) several arm mechanics occurred for muscle contraction. There are possible clinical significances from the outcomes; like, recurring dynamic contractions on BB muscle can facilitate to clarify the maximum occurrence of shoulder pain as well as biceps tendonitis those are medically observed in professional cricket bowlers, and treatment methods with specific injury prevention programmes should focus on the different bowling phases with the maximum muscle effect. Finally, these considerations will be of particular importance in assessing different physical therapy on bowler's muscle which can improve the ball delivery performance and stability of cricket bowlers.
An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by tribal and native people of Madhupur forest area, Bangladesh

Islam MK, Saha S, Mahmud I, Mohamad K, Awang K, Jamal Uddin S, et al.

J Ethnopharmacol, 2014 Feb 3;151(2):921-30.
PMID: 24342778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.056

Madhupur forest area, Tangail is one of early human settlements in Bangladesh. Having abode in the vicinity of the forest, a strong ethnobotanical practice has prevailed in this area since ancient time. Due to the rapid deforestation during the last few decades, many plants have already disappeared or are facing extinction. Thus we attempted to document the medicinal plant use of Madhupur forest area with a view to preserve the ethnobotanical knowledge and in order to protect the biodiversity of this area.
Isolation and characterization of pepsin-solubilized collagen from the integument of sea cucumber (Stichopus vastus)

Abedin MZ, Karim AA, Ahmed F, Latiff AA, Gan CY, Che Ghazali F, et al.

J Sci Food Agric, 2013 Mar 30;93(5):1083-8.
PMID: 22936269 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5854

Sea cucumber (Stichopus vastus) is considered an underutilized resource, since only its stomach and intestines are eaten raw as salad in a few countries and the remaining parts, especially the integument rich in collagen, is discarded. Hence a valuable by-product having potential nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications is wasted. In the present investigation, pepsin-solubilized collagen (PSC) from the integument of S. vastus was isolated, purified and characterized.
Fulltext n-Butyldichlorido{4-cyclo-hexyl-1-[1-(pyridin-2-yl-κN)ethyl-idene]thio-semi-carb-azi-dato-κ²N¹,S}tin(IV)

Affan MA, Salam MA, Asaruddin MR, Ng SW, Tiekink ER

Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2012 Jul 1;68(Pt 7):m909-10.
PMID: 22807748 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536812025937

Two independent mol-ecules comprise the asymmetric unit in the title compound, [Sn(C₄H₉)(C₁₄H₁₉N₄S)Cl₂]. In each mol-ecule, the Sn(IV) atom exists within a distorted octa-hedral geometry defined by the N,N',S-tridentate mono-deprotonated Schiff base ligand, two mutually trans Cl atoms, and the α-C atom of the n-butyl group; the latter is trans to the azo-N atom. The greatest distortion from the ideal geometry is found in the nominally trans angle formed by the S and pyridyl-N atoms at Sn [151.72 (7) and 152.04 (7)°, respectively]. In the crystal, mol-ecules are consolidated into a three-dimensional architecture by a combination of N-H⋯Cl, C-H⋯π and π-π inter-actions [inter-centroid distances = 3.6718 (19) and 3.675 (2) Å].
Improved cellulase production by Botryosphaeria rhodina from OPEFB at low level moisture condition through statistical optimization

Bahrin EK, Ibrahim MF, Abd Razak MN, Abd-Aziz S, Shah UK, Alitheen N, et al.

Prep Biochem Biotechnol, 2012;42(2):155-70.
PMID: 22394064 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2011.585413

The response surface method was applied in this study to improve cellulase production from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) by Botryosphaeria rhodina. An experimental design based on a two-level factorial was employed to screen the significant environmental factors for cellulase production. The locally isolated fungus Botryosphaeria rhodina was cultivated on OPEFB under solid-state fermentation (SSF). From the analysis of variance (ANOVA), the initial moisture content, amount of substrate, and initial pH of nutrient supplied in the SSF system significantly influenced cellulase production. Then the optimization of the variables was done using the response surface method according to central composite design (CCD). Botryosphaeria rhodina exhibited its best performance with a high predicted value of FPase enzyme production (17.95 U/g) when the initial moisture content was at 24.32%, initial pH of nutrient was 5.96, and 3.98 g of substrate was present. The statistical optimization from actual experiment resulted in a significant increment of FPase production from 3.26 to 17.91 U/g (5.49-fold). High cellulase production at low moisture content is a very rare condition for fungi cultured in solid-state fermentation.
Fulltext Treatment of clinical solid waste using a steam autoclave as a possible alternative technology to incineration

Hossain MS, Balakrishnan V, Rahman NN, Sarker MZ, Kadir MO

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2012 Mar;9(3):855-67.
PMID: 22690168 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph9030855

A steam autoclave was used to sterilize bacteria in clinical solid waste in order to determine an alternative to incineration technology in clinical solid waste management. The influence of contact time (0, 5, 15, 30 and 60 min) and temperature (111 °C, 121 °C and 131 °C) at automated saturated steam pressure was investigated. Results showed that with increasing contact time and temperature, the number of surviving bacteria decreased. The optimum experimental conditions as measured by degree of inactivation of bacteria were 121 °C for 15 minutes (min) for Gram negative bacteria, 121 °C and 131 °C for 60 and 30 min for Gram positive bacteria, respectively. The re-growth of bacteria in sterilized waste was also evaluated in the present study. It was found that bacterial re-growth started two days after the inactivation. The present study recommends that the steam autoclave cannot be considered as an alternative technology to incineration in clinical solid waste management.

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