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Fulltext Parental concern of feeding difficulty predicts poor growth status in their child

Lee WS, Tee CW, Tan AG, Wong SY, Chew KS, Cheang HK, et al.

Pediatr Neonatol, 2019 12;60(6):676-683.
PMID: 31056340 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2019.04.004

BACKGROUND: Parents often express concerns about feeding difficulties in their child. We hypothesized that these parental concerns were associated with adverse growth status in early childhood. We aimed to determine the prevalence of such concerns and whether these concerns were associated with adverse growth status in early childhood.
METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study among healthy children aged 12-36 months attending three well-baby clinics in three urban areas in Malaysia and Singapore between December 2016 and February 2017. Parents were interviewed for concerns about their child's feeding and presence of behavioral and organic red flags for feeding difficulties. We defined growth faltering as weight-for-age < 3rd centile and short stature as height-for-age < 3rd centile according to World Health Organization Growth Standards.
RESULTS: Of the 303 children studied (boys = 160, 52.8%; mean [± SD] chronological age at interview 21.3 [± 4.0] months), 13% (n = 38/292) had growth faltering and 19.5% (n = 50/256) had short stature. Overall, 36.3% (n = 110) of parents expressed concerns about their child's feeding behavior. Sixty-eight percent (n = 206) of parents reported presence of at least one behavioral and 18.5% (n = 56) had at least one organic red flag for feeding difficulties, respectively. 9.9% (n = 30) had both behavioral and organic red flags for feeding difficulties. Growth faltering was significantly associated with parental concern about feeding (odds ratio [OR] 3.049, p child's feeding to be common. Presence of parental concern, food refusal in the child and presence of organic red flags for feeding difficulties are associated growth faltering in early childhood.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
Fulltext Olecranon Osteotomy Approach for Complex AO-13C Fractures of Distal Humerus: A Prospective Analysis of 24 Cases

Singh R, Singh H, Kanodia N

Malays Orthop J, 2019 Mar;13(1):30-35.
PMID: 31001381 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1903.005

Introduction: Olecranon osteotomy is well described approach for complex intra-articular distal humeral fractures. In this study, we investigated the usefulness and complications of olecranon osteotomy approach for such fractures. We hypothesise that outcome is comparable in young adults and middle age group and also functional outcome is independent of fracture subtype following surgical fixation. Materials and Methods: Between December 2012 and September 2015, twenty-four adult patients (male: 15, female: 9) having mean age of 41.4 years with closed intra-articular fracture (AO-13C) were surgically managed using olecranon osteotomy approach and were followed-up for a mean of 28.5 months (range: 22-35 months). Functional outcome was measured using Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) and complications were observed. Statistical analysis was done using Student t-test and Kruskal Wallis test. Results: All fractures united by the end of three months. Mean elbow flexion achieved was 123°, mean extension lag was 9° and mean active arc of motion was 114°. Mean MEPS was 87 (excellent: 8, good: 14, fair: 1 and poor: 1). Post-operative transient ulnar nerve palsy was noted in two cases, heterotopic ossification (HO) was in one case, infection in two cases, implant prominence in five and elbow stiffness in three cases. Motion arc was higher in young adults and MEPS was comparable in both age group. Functional outcome was also dependent on fracture subtype. Conclusion: The olecranon osteotomy approach for distal humerus fractures had good functional outcome with fewer complications. Joint congruity and fixation could easily be assessed intraoperatively.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
Successful toxicity reduction during delayed intensification in the non-high-risk arm of Malaysia-Singapore Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia 2010 study

Oh BLZ, Lee SHR, Foo KM, Chiew KH, Seeto ZZL, Chen ZW, et al.

Eur J Cancer, 2021 01;142:92-101.
PMID: 33246161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2020.10.010

In non-high-risk (non-HR) patients, the Malaysia-Singapore Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia 2003 (MS2003) study achieved good outcomes. However, its delayed-intensification (DI) phase, comprising repeated blocks of protocol III (2003-PIII), was toxic and caused significant treatment delays. The successor MS2010 study attempted to lower DI toxicity by replacing myelosuppressive drugs (doxorubicin, cytarabine) with vincristine and asparaginase.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: We analysed 1748 admissions for fever in 315 Singapore children with non-HR acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) (MS2003, n = 183; MS2010, n = 132), comprising 76% of the total cohort (n = 413), to study the impact of these changes.
RESULTS: The new 2010-PVa which has no doxorubicin, was associated with significantly fewer hospitalisations due to fever (0.08 versus 0.30 admissions per block [A/blk], p

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
Species distribution and clinical profiles of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) isolated from blood cultures among paediatric patients in Hospital Kuala Lumpur

Siti NM, Wan Nazirah WAB, Rosni I, Mohamed AN, Salbiah N

Med J Malaysia, 2020 05;75(3):266-273.
PMID: 32467543

INTRODUCTION: Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) is often considered as a culture contaminants but it can potentially be pathogenic to patients with risk factors. A combination of species identification and clinical criteria has been suggested in determining true CoNS bacteraemia.
OBJECTIVES: To identify the species distribution, antibiotic susceptibility patterns and clinical profiles of CoNS isolated from blood cultures among paediatric patients in Hospital Kuala Lumpur (HKL).
METHODS: This study involved CoNS isolation from blood cultures of paediatric in-patients of the Paediatric Institute HKL. Isolates were identified to species level using Analytical Profile Index Staph identification strips and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern following Kirby-Bauer Disc Diffusion method. The clinical profiles of patients were obtained from their medical records.
RESULTS: Eleven CoNS species were identified from 148 isolates. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most frequent species isolated (67.6%). The majority of the isolates showed resistance to penicillin (85.8%); while 70.3% were methicillin-resistant (MR) CoNS, which demonstrated a significant association with true infection (p=0.021). Predictors for significant CoNS infection included thrombocytopaenia, presence of predisposing factors, nosocomial infection, blood collected from peripheral vein, and CoNS isolated from two consecutive blood cultures. The most common predisposing factors for the isolation of CoNS were the presence of peripheral (54.1%) and central venous catheters (35.1%).
CONCLUSION: CoNS can cause significant bloodstream infections. The isolation of CoNS from blood cultures should be carefully interpreted by considering the predictive factors. Local data regarding predictive factors of patients with culture-positive CoNS, species distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern are useful to determine the significance of blood culture results and care management of patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
Carriage of Haemophilus influenzae among children attending childcare centres in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in the post vaccination era: A cross-sectional study

Palaniappan PA, Mohamed Sukur S, Liow YL, Maniam S, Sherina F, Ahmad N

Vaccine, 2020 12 03;38(51):8232-8237.
PMID: 33139134 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.09.066

BACKGROUND: Haemophilus influenzae (H. influenzae) is a human upper respiratory tract colonizer which causes wide range of disease especially in children<5 years old and in the elderly. Although worldwide incidence in industrialised countries where Hib vaccination is commonly used has dropped sharply since implementation of H. influenzae type b (Hib) vaccination, there is limited data on the disease burden caused by H. influenzae in Malaysia post vaccination era. A change in predominant serotype from type b to non-b serotypes of H. influenzae in invasive diseases was reported worldwide. We investigated the carriage of H. influenzae post vaccination era among 2-4 years old.
METHODOLOGY: Randomly, we collected 436 oropharyngeal swabs from healthy children aged 2-4 years in 30 registered childcare centres in Kuala Lumpur (August 2018-May 2019). Informed consent and written questionnaires were obtained from parents. H. influenzae was identified by standard microbiological methods. Univariable analysis was carried out to describe variables associated with colonization. All variables with p 

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
Fulltext An outbreak of gastroenteritis by emerging norovirus GII.2[P16] in a kindergarten in Kota Kinabalu, Malaysian Borneo

Ahmed K, Dony JJF, Mori D, Haw LY, Giloi N, Jeffree MS, et al.

Sci Rep, 2020 04 28;10(1):7137.
PMID: 32346119 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64148-4

Outbreaks of diarrhea in kindergartens are underreported and frequently go unnoticed in developing countries. To better understand the etiology this study was performed during an outbreak of diarrhea in a kindergarten in Sabah, Malaysia. Outbreak investigation was performed according to the standard procedures. In this outbreak a total of 34 (36.5%) children and 4 (30.8%) teachers suffered from gastroenteritis. Stool samples from seven children and 13 teachers were tested for rotavirus and norovirus. During the investigation stool samples were collected and sent in cold chain to the laboratory. The samples were subjected to rotavirus enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, and reverse transcription PCR for norovirus. All samples were negative for rotavirus but positive for norovirus. To determine the genogroup and genotype of norovirus, nucleotide sequencing of the amplicons was performed. All norovirus from the outbreak was of genotype GII.2[16]. To determine the relatedness of the strains phylogenetic analysis was done using neighbor-joining method. Phylogenetically these strains were highly related to GII.2[P16] noroviruses from China and Japan. This study provided evidence that a diarrheal outbreak in a kindergarten was caused by GII.2[P16] norovirus which is an emerging strain in East Asia and Europe.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
A successful pregnancy outcome of homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia patient on statin therapy

Mohd Kasim NA, Al-Khateeb A, Chua YA, Sanusi AR, Mohd Nawawi H

Malays J Pathol, 2021 Apr;43(1):87-93.
PMID: 33903311

Homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HoFH) is a rare genetic disorder of lipoprotein metabolism mainly due to mutation of the low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-receptor gene (LDLR). It is a life-threatening disease that causes accelerated, multi-vessel atherosclerosis presented in early childhood. Pregnancy in HoFH may pose early coronary morbidity and mortality to both the foetus and mother. The combination of HoFH and pregnancy can be a fatal condition. While statins are very effective in lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, they are generally contraindicated during pregnancy, thus their use during pregnancy is uncommon. On the other hand, lipid apheresis (LA) has turned into an effective treatment to control cholesterol level amid pregnancy. However, the procedure is not widely available in our region. To date, there are scarcely documented case reports of HoFH in pregnancy in which the majority of them underwent LA to keep LDL-C at a low level. We report a rare case of successful pregnancy outcome of HoFH patient treated with lipid-lowering drugs including statin without LA therapy. Apart from that, we also discussed the genetic findings of the proband and all screened family members in which to the best of our knowledge, the first study using the whole-exome sequencing technique to identify the causative gene mutations for familial hypercholesterolaemia among the Malaysian population.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
Ocular involvement in leukemia--a study of 288 cases

Reddy SC, Jackson N, Menon BS

Ophthalmologica, 2003 Nov-Dec;217(6):441-5.
PMID: 14573980

Two hundred and eighty-eight newly diagnosed cases of leukemia (164 males and 124 females, 167 adults and 121 children, 245 acute and 43 chronic, 151 myeloid and 137 lymphoid), aged between 6 weeks and 78 years, were examined for eye changes in the oncology wards within 2 days of diagnosis before starting chemotherapy. Ocular lesions were present in 102 patients (35.4%)--retinal vascular changes in 91 (31.6%); infiltration of ocular tissues in 5 (1.7%), and neuro-ophthalmic signs in 6 (2.1%) cases. Some of the patients had more than one ocular lesion in one or both eyes. The eye changes were seen more often in adults (49.1%) than in children (16.5%), and in myeloid leukemia (41.0%) than in lymphoid leukemia (29.2%). Eye symptoms were present in 29 patients (10%) at initial diagnosis. Since ocular lesions were detected in many asymptomatic leukemia patients, eye examination should be included as a part of routine evaluation at initial diagnosis in these patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
Fulltext Nutritional Support of Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Function in Infants and Young Children-An Update and Novel Insights

Cohen Kadosh K, Muhardi L, Parikh P, Basso M, Jan Mohamed HJ, Prawitasari T, et al.

Nutrients, 2021 Jan 10;13(1).
PMID: 33435231 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010199

Proper nutrition is crucial for normal brain and neurocognitive development. Failure to optimize neurodevelopment early in life can have profound long-term implications for both mental health and quality of life. Although the first 1000 days of life represent the most critical period of neurodevelopment, the central and peripheral nervous systems continue to develop and change throughout life. All this time, development and functioning depend on many factors, including adequate nutrition. In this review, we outline the role of nutrients in cognitive, emotional, and neural development in infants and young children with special attention to the emerging roles of polar lipids and high quality (available) protein. Furthermore, we discuss the dynamic nature of the gut-brain axis and the importance of microbial diversity in relation to a variety of outcomes, including brain maturation/function and behavior are discussed. Finally, the promising therapeutic potential of psychobiotics to modify gut microbial ecology in order to improve mental well-being is presented. Here, we show that the individual contribution of nutrients, their interaction with other micro- and macronutrients and the way in which they are organized in the food matrix are of crucial importance for normal neurocognitive development.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
"Nobody came to help": interviews with women convicted of filicide in Malaysia

Razali S, Fisher J, Kirkman M

Arch Womens Ment Health, 2019 02;22(1):151-158.
PMID: 29569042 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-018-0832-3

Although filicide is of serious concern, it is poorly understood in Malaysia. Our interviews with health and policy professionals revealed that they attribute responsibility for filicide to women's failure to comply with social norms and religious teachings. This research sought to understand the meaning of and background to filicide from the perspectives of women who have been convicted of filicide in Malaysia. In-depth interviews were conducted in person with all eligible and consenting women convicted of filicide and incarcerated in prisons or forensic psychiatric institutions. Women's accounts were translated into English and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis and interpreted using narrative theory. Interviews with nine women convicted of filicide yielded evidence that others were implicated in the crime but punished less severely, if at all, and that the women had experienced lifelong gender-based violence and marginalisation with minimal access to health and social care. These findings illuminate an inadequately understood phenomenon in Malaysia and reveal why existing strategies to reduce filicide, which reflect key stakeholders' views, have had little impact. They reveal the pervasive harm of violence against women and children and its link to filicide.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
Fulltext Impact of orphan status on HIV treatment outcomes and retention in care of children and adolescents in Asia

Huy BV, Teeraananchai S, Oanh LN, Tucker J, Kurniati N, Hansudewechakul R, et al.

Journal of virus eradication, 2016 Oct 05;2(4):227-231.
PMID: 27781105

An analysis of the impact of orphanhood at antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation on HIV outcomes in Asia included 4300 children; 51% were male. At ART initiation, 1805 (42%) were non-orphans (median age: 3 years), 1437 (33%) were single orphans (6 years) and 1058 (25%) were double orphans (7 years). Ten-year post-ART survival was 93.4-95.2% across orphan categories. Clinic transfers were higher among single and double orphans than non-orphans (41% vs 11%, P<0.001). On multivariate analysis, children ≥3 years at ART initiation (hazard ratio 1.58 vs <3 years, 95% confidence interval: 1.11-2.24) were more likely to be lost to follow-up. Although post-ART mortality and retention did not differ by orphan status, orphans were at greater risk of starting ART at older ages, and with more severe immunosuppression and poorer growth.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
Fulltext Exclusive breastfeeding: knowledge, attitude, practice, and its determinants among Malay mothers in Ampang, Selangor

Basma Johari, Nor Azwani Mohd Shukri

International Journal of Allied Health Sciences, 2018;2(1):117-128.
MyJurnal

Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for up to six months is internationally recommended due to its benefits for both maternal and infant health. However, the rate of EBF in Malaysia is still below the desirable levels. This study examined the prevalence of EBF and assessed the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP), and determinants of breastfeeding among Malay mothers in Ampang, Selangor. Ninety-two Malay subjects who breastfed healthy children aged six to 36 months, were included in this study. Data were collected by dual-language, self-administered questionnaire (which included Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale, IIFAS), to determine KAP of mothers towards breastfeeding. Socio-demographic, psychosocial, and environmental factors related with EBF were also assessed. Linear logistic regression model was used to identify factors that may determine breastfeeding for six months (exclusively) and beyond. A total of 28% of the subjects practised EBF up to six months, 39% less than six months, and 33% continued BF beyond six months. The mean IIFAS total score was 66.1 ± 8.11, which ranged between Neutral and Positive towards Breastfeeding Practice attitudes. Higher IIFAS score is related to intended and actual exclusive
breastfeeding. Several variables were significantly related to breastfeeding for six months (exclusively) and beyond. This included maternal age of 30 years or more (OR:3.26, 95% CI:1.27–8.38); higher socioeconomic status (OR:8.50, 95% CI:1.76–41.06); higher educational level (OR:5.21, 95% CI:1.66–16.34); multi-parity (OR:3.15, 95% CI:1.17–8.47); nonworking status (OR:3.81, 95% CI:1.02–14.3); support from spouse (OR:2.39, 95% CI:1.01–5.65); availability of private rooms for breastfeeding at workplace (OR:4.30, 95% CI:1.77–10.63); and child birth place (OR:2.54, 95% CI:1.08–5.98). The right maternal knowledge and attitude play crucial roles in the success of breastfeeding. Hence, more health promotion is needed. Supports from spouse,
workplace, and hospital staff after delivery, are also essential to improve EBF statistics in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
Fulltext Visual status and prevalence of refractive error among preschool children from amblyopia and vision impairment screening (AVIS) programme in Kota Kinabalu [Abstract]

Linggam, Rachel Clarice, Arifah Nur Bt Yahya, Muhassanah Aliah Bt Baharum

Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2019;2(101):15-16.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Vision is an important requirement for learning and plays a critical role in the development of a child during the first three years of life. Little is known regarding the extent of visual impairment amongst preschool children in Sabah.
Objective: To determine visual status among preschool children in Kota Kinabalu and to determine prevalence of refractive error among children who were referred by the programme.
Methodology: A retrospective cohort study of clinical records was conducted at Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Queen Elizabeth, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah from May to September 2017. Criteria for failed vision were VA 6/12 (0.3 LogMar) or worse. All records of referred children were selected for prevalence of refractive error. Data collected include basic demographic data, visual acuity and refractive error. Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent (SE) ≥−1.00 DS, hyperopia SE ≥+3.00 DS and astigmatism ≥−1.50 DC.
Results: A total of 192 children age 4 to 6 years old were screened, comprised of 102 (53.1%) male and 90 (46.9%) female (mean age: 5.81 ± 0.41 years). Of the 192 students, 39 (20.3%) of them failed vision screening. Among the 39 children, only 17 children came for further eye assessment. Twelve (70.6%) of them had a binocular visual impairment (VI) while 5 (29.4%) children had monocular VI. Six years old children were found to have VI more compared to other age groups (n= 14, 82.4%) and majority of this age group having binocular VI (n=10, 83.3%). Mean SE was −0.60 ± 0.94. Astigmatism is the commonest type of refractive error found with a prevalence of 41.4% followed by myopia, 27.6%.
Conclusion: This study was the first attempt to investigate the visual status among preschool in Kota Kinabalu. As most children were found with astigmatism, early detection of significant refractive error could help to minimize the effect of VI.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
Fulltext First Evaluations and Cryopreservation of Semen Samples from Sunda Clouded Leopards (Neofelis diardi)

Zainuddin ZZ, Mohamed Tarmizi MR, Yap KC, Comizzoli P, Sipangkui S

Animals (Basel), 2020 06 22;10(6).
PMID: 32580372 DOI: 10.3390/ani10061072

A better understanding of semen characteristics and resilience to freezing temperatures is necessary before developing assisted reproductive techniques and systematic biobanking for the Sunda clouded leopard. The objective of this study was to evaluate for the first time the semen and sperm quality (in fresh and frozen samples) of two captive Sunda clouded leopards in Malaysia. A total of 17 examinations of the reproductive tract (using ultrasonography) and electro-ejaculations were performed on the two leopards over a 2-year period. Samples obtained from Leopard 1 (8 years old) varied in terms of volume (402 ± 92 µL), pH (7.9 ± 0.9), sperm motility (54.5 ± 24.2%), sperm concentration (122.4 ± 84.7 × 106 sperm/mL), normal morphology (23.9 ± 12.3%), and viability (55.2 ± 18.2%). Midpiece defects represented the most common structural abnormality followed by abnormal tail and head defects. Samples from Leopard 2 (11 year old with abnormal testicular tissue) were of lesser quality. Two frozen semen samples from Leopard 1 were thawed and examined for acrosome integrity. Post-thawed samples contained <10% of motile spermatozoa but almost 50% of abnormal acrosomes. The present results emphasized the high incidence of structurally-abnormal spermatozoa, similar to the mainland clouded leopard. Post-thaw evaluations showed that the few surviving spermatozoa could potentially be used for in vitro fertilization or sperm injection. However, more individuals must be studied to validate those first findings that are exciting but still preliminary.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
Fulltext Does maternal health literacy affect childhood vaccination? a study among mothers in Asajaya Sarawak

Lalitha Malar Maniam, Jeffery Stephen

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(106):20-20.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Childhood vaccination is proven as the most effective intervention to prevent and reduce children mortality caused by Vaccine Preventable Diseases (VPD). It is a major public health concern globally as there are still existences of vaccine incompletion. Despite good immunization coverage, outbreaks of VPD are still reported from time to time with serious implications. The aim of this study is to assess the association between maternal health literacy with completion of childhood vaccination. Methods: A cross- sectional study design was conducted among mothers with children aged 5 years and below using a face to face interview questionnaire. Data entered and analyzed using SPSS version 22. Chi square was used to look for association between two categorical data. Results:Majority of respondents were mother‘s aged 30’s, Malays (76.1 %), completed secondary education (74.8 %) un-employed (63.8 %).Study showed (98.99%) children completed vaccination however (1.01 %) had incomplete vac-cination. There was significant findings on association between maternal education and partner‘s education, main language, employment status and household income with health literacy. The mean health literacy score among the incomplete vaccination group was slightly lower (36.9) compared to the completed vaccination group (39.4). The problematic health literacy was seen at (17.4 %) and the sufficient health literacy was (82.6%). Conclusion: The finding indicated that there is an association between maternal education, partner‘s level of education with health literacy. The health literacy score among those who completed vaccination was slightly higher. Initiatives focusing on maternal health literacy could further improve vaccination completion among children.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
Fulltext Predictors of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers attending rural health clinics in Hulu Langat District

Farahana Mohamad Pilus, Norliza Ahmad, Nor Afiah Mohd Zulkefli

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(203):15-21.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Even though exclusive breastfeeding prevalence has increased from 19.3% in 2006 to 47.1% in 2016, this practice was slightly higher in urban areas (48.3%) compared to rural area (45.1%) in Malaysia. National Plan of Action for Nutrition of Malaysia III has set an indicator to achieve at least 70% exclusive breastfeeding by 2025. Therefore this study is to identify predictors that influenced exclusive breastfeeding practice in rural areas. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in six rural health clinics in Hulu Langat District, Selangor among moth- ers with youngest child aged 6-48 months old. Respondents were selected through systematic random sampling. Validated self-administered questionnaire was used to assess sociodemographic factors, maternal factors, external factors and child’s factors. Mother’s height and weight was measured and body mass index was calculated. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the predictors for ex- clusive breastfeeding practice. Results: Response rate was 96% with a total of 311 mothers participated in this study. More than half of the mothers exclusively breastfed (52.4%). The predictors for exclusive breastfeeding were Malay ethnicity (AOR=3.951, 95% CI: 1.374-11.358), having tertiary education (AOR=2.401, 95% CI: 1.100-5.241) and positive attitude toward breastfeeding (AOR=7.755, 95% CI: 1.382-43.502). Conclusion: Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding was higher in this study than the national level. Programme planners should pay special attention to Chinese and Indian ethnicities, mothers with lower level of education and negative attitude in order to improve breastfeeding practice among rural mothers.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
Clinico-hematological and thromboelastographic profiles in glanzmann's thrombasthenia

Ahammad J, Kamath A, Shastry S, Chitlur M, Kurien A

Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis, 2020 Jan;31(1):29-34.
PMID: 31789664 DOI: 10.1097/MBC.0000000000000870

: Glanzmann's thrombasthenia is a rare inherited bleeding disorder characterized by the quantitative or qualitative defect of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor on platelets which leads to ineffective aggregation. Light transmittance aggregometry is considered as the gold standard for diagnosis of Glanzmann's thrombasthenia. Thromboelastography (TEG) is a global hemostatic assay which measures clot formation, clot strengthening and fibrinolysis. This study evaluates the clinical, laboratory and TEG profiles in patients with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia. Bleeding score by (International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis) ISTH-bleeding assessment tool (bleeding score), laboratory tests to diagnose Glanzmann's thrombasthenia, and TEG parameters were correlated in 11 Glanzmann's thrombasthenia patients. Seventeen participants with normal bleeding score were included as controls. Bleeding score was increased in all patients. The highest bleeding score was in an adult female (26), whereas the lowest score (4) was in two children of less than 1 year. Majority of TEG parameters (except R-time) showed a statistically significant difference between Glanzmann's thrombasthenia patients and controls (K-time: P

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
Fulltext A cross-sectional study of the prevalence, density, and risk factors associated with malaria transmission in urban communities of Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria

Awosolu OB, Yahaya ZS, Farah Haziqah MT, Simon-Oke IA, Fakunle C

Heliyon, 2021 Jan;7(1):e05975.
PMID: 33521357 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e05975

Background: Malaria is a severe global public health challenge that causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. This study was designed to determine the prevalence, parasite density, and risk factors associated with malaria infection transmission among residents of two urban communities of Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria.
Materials and methods: A cross-sectional hospital-based study was carried out on 300 participants. Blood samples were obtained. Thick and thin blood films were prepared and viewed using the standard parasitological technique of microscopy. Moreover, data on sociodemographic and environmental variables were obtained using a pre-tested standard questionnaire.
Results: Of the 300 participants examined, a total of 165 (55.0%) were found positive for Plasmodium falciparum with a mean (S.D) parasite density of 1814.70 (1829.117) parasite/μL of blood. The prevalence and parasite density of malaria infection vary significantly (P < 0.05) with age group. Children <5 years old were more likely to have malaria infection and high parasite densities than adults (p < 0.05). Similarly, in relation to gender, males significantly (P < 0.05) had a higher prevalence (60.2%) and mean (S.D) parasite density of malaria infection [2157.73 (1659.570) parasite/μL of blood] compared to females. Additionally, those without formal education had the highest prevalence (73.0%) and mean (S.D) parasite density of infection [2626.96 (2442.195) parasite/μL of blood]. The bivariate logistic regression analysis shows that age group 6-10 (Crude Odds Ratio, COR 0.066, 95% CI: 0.007-0.635), presence of streams/rivers (COR 0.225, 95% CI: 0.103-0.492), distance from streams/rivers within ≤1 km (COR 0.283, 95% CI: 0.122-0.654) and travel to rural area (COR 4.689, 95% CI: 2.430-9.049) were the significant risk factors.
Conclusions: Malaria infection is prevalent in the study area and was greatly influenced by traveling activities from the rural areas to urban centers and vice versa. Multifaceted and integrated control strategy should be adopted. Health education on mosquito prevention and chemoprophylaxis before and during travel to rural areas are essential.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
Improving diagnostic efficiency: analysis of pelvic MRI versus emergency hip aspiration for suspected hip sepsis

Gottschalk HP, Moor MA, Muhamad AR, Wenger DR, Yaszay B

J Pediatr Orthop, 2014 Apr-May;34(3):300-6.
PMID: 24172674 DOI: 10.1097/BPO.0000000000000097

Accurately diagnosing and treating childhood hip sepsis is challenging. Adjacent bone and soft-tissue infections are common and can lead to delayed and inappropriate treatment. This study evaluated the effect of early advanced imaging (bone scan, magnetic resonance imaging) in the management of suspected hip sepsis.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
Neurocysticercosis in children presenting with afebrile seizure: clinical profile, imaging and serodiagnosis

Sahu PS, Seepana J, Padela S, Sahu AK, Subbarayudu S, Barua A

Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo, 2014 6 1;56(3):253-8.
PMID: 24879004

Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is one of the major causes of childhood seizures in developing countries including India and Latin America. In this study neurological pediatric cases presenting with afebrile seizures were screened for anti-Cysticercus antibodies (IgG) in their sera in order to estimate the possible burden of cysticercal etiology. The study included a total of 61 pediatric afebrile seizure subjects (aged one to 15 years old); there was a male predominance. All the sera were tested using a pre-evaluated commercially procured IgG-ELISA kit (UB-Magiwell Cysticercosis Kit ™). Anti-Cysticercus antibody in serum was positive in 23 of 61 (37.7%) cases. The majority of cases with a positive ELISA test presented with generalized seizure (52.17%), followed by complex partial seizure (26.08%), and simple partial seizure (21.73%). Headaches were the major complaint (73.91%). Other presentations were vomiting (47.82%), pallor (34.78%), altered sensorium (26.08%), and muscle weakness (13.04%). There was one hemiparesis case diagnosed to be NCC. In this study one child without any significant findings on imaging was also found to be positive by serology. There was a statistically significant association found between the cases with multiple lesions on the brain and the ELISA-positivity (p = 0.017). Overall positivity of the ELISA showed a potential cysticercal etiology. Hence, neurocysticercosis should be suspected in every child presenting with afebrile seizure especially with a radio-imaging supportive diagnosis in tropical developing countries or areas endemic for taeniasis/cysticercosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

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