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Fulltext Microstructure, microhardness and density of shot blasting and paste boronizing on 316L stainless steel

Muhamad Hafizuddin Mohamad Basir, Mohd Faizul Idham, Bulan Abdullah, Muhammad Hussain Ismail

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2017;25(103):83-90.
MyJurnal

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of surface treatments involving shot blasting and paste boronizing on the microstructure, microhardness and density of 316L stainless steel. Shot blasting using glass beads was carried out prior to paste boronizing at fix boronizing temperature and soaking time of 850°C and 8 hours respectively. The results show paste boronizing produces boride layers that consist of FeB and Fe2B on the surface of 316L stainless steel with high hardness. Shot blasting on the other hand creates grain refinement on the metal’s surface which increases boron diffusion into the surface and improves the case depth of boride layers formed and also its hardness. Higher shot diameter used in shot blasting also influence in improving the case depth of boride layers produced and hardness of 316L stainless steel. The effect of shot blasting using a higher shot diameter and paste boronizing reduces the density of 316L stainless steel very slightly.
Fulltext Wind characteristics and outdoor thermal comfort assessment in East Malaysia

Hanipah, M.H., Abdullah, A.H., Che Sidek, N.A., Yunus, R., Nagapan, S., Yassin, M.N., et al.

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2017;25(105):63-72.
MyJurnal

Rapid urbanisation and industrialisation have had an adverse and deep impact on the environment contributing to global warming and climate change. These thermal environmental problems can be even more challenging to people living in regions with warm and humid climatic conditions throughout the year, such as Malaysia. This paper analyses wind characteristics and outdoor thermal comfort index at the hottest temperatures based on data recorded hourly between 2012 and 2014 for two cities in East Malaysia, namely Kuching (Sarawak) and Kota Kinabalu (Sabah). Wind characteristics were analysed using only wind velocity and direction, while the level of outdoor thermal comfort was measured using Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI). The results showed that hourly average wind velocities for Kuching and Kota Kinabalu were 1.84 m/s and 2.15 m/s respectively while the highest average wind velocities was 10.1 m/s and 12.4 m/s respectively. No wind movement (i.e. 0 m/s) was recorded for both locations. The prevailing annual wind flow is generally from South-Southeast (150°) in Sarawak and from East-Southeast (110°) in Sabah. It was also found that both Kuching and Kota Kinabalu experienced strong and extreme heat stress conditions with UTCI levels of 44.8°C and 49.8°C respectively. Thus, it can be concluded that, East Malaysia faces strong and extreme heat stress conditions. This study is an original contribution on the subject of outdoor thermal environment in Malaysia, Further research to better understand outdoor thermal environmental problems is recommended.
Fulltext Retinal redetachment after pneumatic retinopexy – the importance of case selection

Muhammad Najmi, K., Aida Zairani, M.Z., Mushawiahti, M., Bastion, M.L.C., Amin, A.

Journal of Surgical Academia, 2017;7(2):18-20.
MyJurnal

Pneumatic retinopexy is known as one of the treatment options for a specific type of retinal detachment. It is done in
an office setting and may be the most cost-effective means of retinal reattachment surgery. Location and size of the
retinal break remain as the major criteria for a successful outcome. We describe a case that fulfilled all except one
major criteria for pneumatic retinopexy and underwent multiple procedures but failed. Fluctuation in the resolution
of the retinal detachment such as in this particular case suggested possibility of early treatment failure.
Fulltext Tracking-learning-detection using extreme learning machine with Haar-like features

Melisa Anak Adeh, Mohd Ibrahim Shapiai, Ayman Maliha, Muhammad Hafiz Md Zaini

Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology, 2016;5(2):1-11.
MyJurnal

Nowadays, the applications of tracking moving object are commonly used in various
areas especially in computer vision applications. There are many tracking algorithms
have been introduced and they are divided into three groups which are generative
trackers, discriminative trackers and hybrid trackers. One of the methods is TrackingLearning-Detection
(TLD) framework which is an example of the hybrid trackers where
combination between the generative trackers and the discriminative trackers occur. In
TLD, the detector consists of three stages which are patch variance, ensemble classifier
and KNearest Neighbor classifier. In the second stage, the ensemble classifier depends
on simple pixel comparison hence, it is likely fail to offer a better generalization of the
appearances of the target object in the detection process. In this paper, OnlineSequential
Extreme Learning Machine (OS-ELM) was used to replace the ensemble
classifier in the TLD framework. Besides that, different types of Haar-like features were
used for the feature extraction process instead of using raw pixel value as the features.
The objectives of this study are to improve the classifier in the second stage of detector
in TLD framework by using Haar-like features as an input to the classifier and to get a
more generalized detector in TLD framework by using OS-ELM based detector. The
results showed that the proposed method performs better in Pedestrian 1 in terms of
F-measure and also offers good performance in terms of Precision in four out of six
videos.
Fulltext Isolation of peripheral blood nucleated red blood cells from β-Thalassaemia patients using CD71 magnetic activated cell sorting

Haiyuni Mohd Yassim, Ali, Heba, Rosline Hassan, Wan Zaidah Abdullah, Muhammad Farid Johan

Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, 2017;2(202):14-16.
MyJurnal

The molecular biology knowledge in β-thalassaemia is limited due to the involvement of various erythropoeitic processes where the genetic information is lack due to nucleus ejection throughout the maturation of red blood cell activities concurrence with the accumulation of haemoglobin. Nucleated red blood cells (NRBCs) are typically found in peripheral blood (PB) of β-thalassaemia transfusion dependent patients and abundant in post splenectomy (Fig. 1A) [1]. The presence of NRBCs will provide further understanding on the molecular aspect of ineffective erythropoiesis in β-thalassaemia patients. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to isolate the NRBCs using CD71 magnetic beads from PB of β-thalassaemia patients and to compare the quantity of NRBCs enriched between non-splenectomised transfusion dependent and post-splenectomised transfusion dependent β-thalassaemia patients.
Fulltext Renoprotective role of Tualang honey against high cholestrol diet induced acute kidney diseases in an animal model

Zenab B. Hamad Mohamed, Hamad Abdulsalam Hamad Alfarisi, Nor Zamzila Abdullah, Naznin Muhammad, Roslan Abdul Rahim

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2017;16(11):26-26.
MyJurnal

Although there is a growing insight into the causes and mechanisms of
kidney diseases, preventive and therapeutic measures are still few. The aim of this study
was therefore to determine the renoprotective effect of tualang honey against high
cholesterol diet induced acute kidney disease in an animal model. (Copied from article).
Fulltext Parallelogram linkage leg structure for stabilized walking gaits in humanoid robot

Firdaus Sukarman, Mohd Ghazali Mohd Hamami, Mazleenda Mazni, Muhammad Amir Mat Shah, Ahmad Faidzal Khodori

Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology, 2017;9(1):22-31.
MyJurnal

The utilization of parallelogram structure in a small-sized humanoid robot consists of two parallel platforms that are linked serially in each leg. The thigh and shank of each leg consists of two servomotors as actuator and linked in parallel platform. By using parallel mechanism in leg structure, foot sole surface is always parallel to the walking surface at any point. Even it looks unnatural to human-like walking motion, the expected result is the robot can maintain it posture while walking and at the point foot sole touch the walking surface, unnecessary vibrates can be modulated at the certain level to remain its balance. The effectiveness and the performance of the proposed parallel platforms are experimented by using zero moment point (ZMP) method by taking various scenario data from pressure sensors attached at the footsole. Planned walking gait is introduced to be identical in terms of foot steps length and width of each leg swing. As the results, in terms of load in each actuator, required torque at servomotors can be reduced because two servomotors are used simultaneously in one parallel system. Stable walking gait can be predicted as the quantity of error falls within the error ranges from the published walking gait patterns.
Fulltext Investigation of the injection moulding plastic flows behaviour of PETCylindrical containers with multiple-cavity mould

Najiy Rizal Suriani Rizal, Muhammad Ameer Rosman, Aidah Jumahat, Noriah Yusoff

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2017;25(107):239-250.
MyJurnal

The study aims to investigate the effect of injection moulding parameters on plastic flows behaviour of the multiple-cavity polyethylene terephthalate (PET) cylindrical containers via injection moulding process. The motivation of this study is to present an alternative manufacturing solution to make cylindrical type containers that are commonly used in packaging beverages, such as the 330 ml standard size for packaging carbonated soft drink. The PET cylindrical container was modelled using CATIA drawing software and the injection moulding simulation process was done via Moldflow software. The investigation was done by varying two significant moulding parameters; the material melt temperature and the mould temperature. The effects of these two parameters on the PET plastic flow behaviour were studied. In particular, the simulations of the model were analysed and focused on the mould filling time as well as the moulded PET cylindrical container’s shrinkage occurrence. Three types of mould cavities structure were understudied; single-cavity, four-cavity and eight-cavity. Results show that the eight-cavity mould yielded higher production rate. The simulation results indicated that the production rate of 4-cavity and 8-cavity mould increased by 258.5% and 578.8% respectively. It was observed by increasing the melting temperature, the mould filling time is shorter and as a result, the production rate has increased by 7.75% per °C. But with this Mouldflow setting, the volumetric shrinkage and the maximum deflection have been significantly affected; increased by 23.15% and 29.26% respectively. The mould filling time and maximum deflection did not show a steady trend line however, the volumetric shrinkage increased by 7.28% per °C.
Fulltext The experience of Malaysian occupational therapists in conducting home assessments and home visits with older clients

Muhammad Hibatullah Romli, Mackenzie, Lynette, Tan, Maw Pin, Lovarini, Meryl, Clemson, Lindy

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2017;13(1):17-25.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Home visits are complex processes for clients and occupational therapists. Despite the benefits of home
visits, the numbers of home visits being conducted are decreasing in international settings due to service constraints
or client reluctance. Published international studies may not be applicable to Malaysia due to cultural and geodemographic
differences relating to the home context. This study aimed to explore the experience of occupational
therapists in Malaysia in conducting home visits. Materials and Methods: A focus group discussion was conducted
with seven occupational therapists in one teaching hospital in Kuala Lumpur. The group session was audio-recorded,
transcribed, summarised and analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Themes developed were: i) client factors
inhibiting effective service provision, ii) uninformed policies and guidelines, and iii) professional identity and
growth. Conclusions: Our study has revealed major challenges for Malaysian occupational therapists with regards
to conducting home visits. Future studies should now evaluate factors underlying reluctance to participate in home
visits and effective strategies to overcome these difficulties.
Synthesis of some new 2-[4-(2-furoyl)-1-piperazinyl]-N-aryl/aralkyl acetamides as potent antibacterial agents

Hussain G, Abbasi MA, Rehman A, Siddiqui SZ, Shah SAA, Ahmad I, et al.

Pak J Pharm Sci, 2018 May;31(3):857-866.
PMID: 29716866

In this work, a new series of 2-[4-(2-furoyl)-1-piperazinyl]-N-aryl/aralkyl acetamides has been synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial potential. The synthesis was initiated by the reaction of different aryl/aralkyl amines (1a-u) with 2-bromoacetylbromide (2) to obtain N-aryl/aralkyl-2-bromoacetamides (3a-u). Equimolar quantities of different N-aryl/aralkyl-2-bromoacetamides (3a-u) and 2-furoyl-1-piperazine (4) was allowed to react in acetonitrile and in the presence of K2CO3, to form 2-[4-(2-furoyl)-1-piperazinyl]-N-aryl/aralkyl acetamides (5a-u). The structural elucidation was done by EI-MS, IR and 1H-NMR techniques of all the synthesized compounds. All of the synthesized molecules were active against various Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial strains. Among them 5o and 5c showed very excellent MIC values. The cytotoxicity of the molecules was also checked to find their utility as possible therapeutic agents, where 5c (0.51%) and 5g (1.32%) are found to be least toxic in the series.
Fulltext Haemolytic Disease of Foetus and Newborn and Haemolytic Transfusion Reaction Due to Kidd antibody in Hospital Umum Sarawak, Malaysia

Irni Mohd Yasin, Narazah Mohd Yusoff, Afifah Hassan, Muhammad Masrin Md. Zahrin

Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, 2017;2(202):26-27.
MyJurnal

Haemolytic Disease of Foetus and Newborn (HDFN) and Haemolytic Transfusion Reaction (HTR) may occur due to antibodies against Kidd antigen. In Malaysia, the prevalence of RBC alloimmunization due to Kidd antibody for cases of HDFN and HTR have been reported [1-2] however there is insufficient data in Hospital Umum Sarawak (HUS).The aim of this study is to determine whether Kidd alloimmunization causes HDFN and HTR. Indirectly categorize Kidd phenotype blood in regular blood donors.
Fulltext Mechanical behaviour and microstructure Aluminium Foam Tube Produce (AFTP) using infiltration method with vacuum-gas

Ismail Lias, Muhammad Hussain Ismail, Iskandar Dzulkernain Md Raffee, Mohd Aman Ihsan Mamat

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2017;25(103):223-232.
MyJurnal

Aluminium foam tube is a metal that consists of porous medium with special characteristics such as good energy absorption, good heat transfer and high thermal conductivity. These make it suitable to be used in a wide range of applications such as in heat exchangers. The aim of this project is to identify and analyse mechanical behaviour and microstructure aluminium foam tube produced and fabricated with infiltration method with vacuum-gas. The density of aluminium foam tube was also determined and an average aluminium foam tube with porosity 50% - 80% with the average NaCl particle size 2mm, 3mm and 4mm was produced. Foams with porosity 60%-75% NaCl has higher energy absorption. These was based on foam structure, density and maximum compressive load test result.
Fulltext The effect of Saccharin concentration on the electrochemical behaviour of electrodeposited Nanocrystalline Cobalt-Iron coating

Nik Rozlin Nik Masdek, Wan Muhammad Aniq Aiman, Mardziah Che Murad, Zuraidah Salleh, Koay Mei Hyie

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2017;25(103):191-200.
MyJurnal

In the electrodeposition system, adding saccharin alters the properties of the metal deposits by changing the electrode kinetics of the deposited surface. In this study, nanocrystalline cobalt-iron (CoFe) coating was synthesised using the electrodeposition technique with different saccharin concentrations. The results obtained showed that the coating thickness increased while the grain size decreased from 51 nm to 40 nm when the saccharin concentration increased from 0 to 2 g/L. The nanocrystalline CoFe coating produced with 2 g/L of saccharin concentration resulted in the smallest particle size of 71.22 nm and the highest microhardness of 251.86 HV. From the salt spray test (24 and 48 hours) it was found that the use of saccharin at higher concentration of 2 g/L improves the corrosion resistance of the nanocrystalline CoFe coating significantly due to the change of surface morphology as well as the decrease in grain size.
Fulltext Adaptive particle swarm optimisation for solving non-convex economic dispatch problems

Nurhafizah Jamain, Ismail Musirin, Mohd Helmi Mansor, Muhammad Murtadha Othman, Siti Aliyah Mohd Salleh

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2017;25(103):275-286.
MyJurnal

This paper presents adaptive particle swarm optimization for solving non-convex economic dispatch problems. In this study, a new technique was developed known as adaptive particle swarm optimization (APSO), to alleviate the problems experienced in the traditional particle swarm optimisation (PSO). The traditional PSO was reported that this technique always stuck at local minima. In APSO, economic dispatch problem are considered with valve point effects. The search efficiency was improved when a new parameter was inserted into the velocity term. This has achieved local minima. In order to show the effectiveness of the proposed technique, this study examined two case studies, with and without contingency.
Fulltext Radiological findings of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in patients with and without HIV infections

Radhiana Hassan, Haziq Hussaini Fauzi, Kamil Irsyad Yusoff, Muhammad Faizol Mohd Satar, Hafizah Pasi

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2017;16(11):49-49.
MyJurnal

Radiological manifestation of pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV positive
patients is different with HIV negative patients. We aim to determine the differences in
chest radiological findings of Pulmonary Tuberculosis among HIV and non-HIV infected
patients in HTAA. (Copied from article).
Fulltext Baccaurea angulata fruit juice reduces atherosclerotic lesions in diet-induced Hypercholesterolemic rabbits

Ibrahim M, Ahmed IA, Mikail MA, Ishola AA, Draman S, Isa MLM, et al.

Lipids Health Dis, 2017 Jul 07;16(1):134.
PMID: 28687076 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0526-2

BACKGROUND: Atherosclerosis is the most common disease of large and medium-sized arteries linked to oxidative stress, dyslipidemia as well as chronic inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential health benefits of Baccaurea angulata (BA) fruit juice on the aorta of diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rabbits, to detect an accumulation of fatty streak and evaluate the percentage of atherosclerotic lesion accrued.
METHODS: Thirty-five healthy male adults New Zealand White rabbits were assigned to seven different groups. Four groups were fed 1% cholesterol diet and 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mL of BA fruit juice per kg of rabbit daily (atherogenic groups), while the other three groups were fed commercial rabbit pellet and 0, 0.5, and 1.0 mL of juice per kg of rabbit daily (normocholesterolemic groups) for 90 days. The thoracic and abdominal aorta between the heart origin and bifurcation into iliac arteries of all the rabbits were carefully removed and analyzed accordingly.
RESULTS: The supplementation of the high-cholesterol diet of hypercholesterolemic rabbits with only 0.5 mL BA/kg rabbit per day significantly (p
Fulltext Iso-Seq analysis of Nepenthes ampullaria, Nepenthes rafflesiana and Nepenthes × hookeriana for hybridisation study in pitcher plants

Zulkapli MM, Rosli MAF, Salleh FIM, Mohd Noor N, Aizat WM, Goh HH

Genom Data, 2017 Jun;12:130-131.
PMID: 28529881 DOI: 10.1016/j.gdata.2017.05.003

Tropical pitcher plants in the species-rich Nepenthaceae family of carnivorous plants possess unique pitcher organs. Hybridisation, natural or artificial, in this family is extensive resulting in pitchers with diverse features. The pitcher functions as a passive insect trap with digestive fluid for nutrient acquisition in nitrogen-poor habitats. This organ shows specialisation according to the dietary habit of different Nepenthes species. In this study, we performed the first single-molecule real-time isoform sequencing (Iso-Seq) analysis of full-length cDNA from Nepenthes ampullaria which can feed on leaf litter, compared to carnivorous Nepenthes rafflesiana, and their carnivorous hybrid Nepenthes × hookeriana. This allows the comparison of pitcher transcriptomes from the parents and the hybrid to understand how hybridisation could shape the evolution of dietary habit in Nepenthes. Raw reads have been deposited to SRA database with the accession numbers SRX2692198 (N. ampullaria), SRX2692197 (N. rafflesiana), and SRX2692196 (N. × hookeriana).
Hematologic adverse effects and efficacy monitoring in chronic Hepatitis C patients treated with interferon and ribavirin combination therapy

Rafique G, Bukhsh A, Gul A, Khiljee S, Ashraf M, Omer MO

Pak J Pharm Sci, 2017 Jan;30(1):11-16.
PMID: 28603106

180 million people are affected by chronic Hepatitis C Virus infection globally and more than 50 million in South East Asia. Combination of Interferon and Ribavirin is the current anti-HCV therapy in practice and is associated with certain hematologic adverse effects. In this concurrent observational study the incidence rate of major hematologic adverse effects and efficacy outcomes of Interferon and Ribavirin combination therapy was evaluated in 288 chronic hepatitis C patients at Lahore General Hospital. Levels of Hb, TLC, and Platelets counts were monitored for hematologic adverse effects monitoring, whereas, ALT, AST and bilirubin levels were monitored for efficacy. PCR was done at week 4, 12 &36 for therapeutic success evaluation. A significant reduction in Hb levels (p<0.05) was observed after week 4, 8 and 12 of therapy. Frequency of anemia increased in both genders with body weight <65kg and platelet count <150,000/mm(3). End Treatment Response (ETR) was achieved in 64.5%. Anemia was the major side effect of the combination therapy particularly in the males. Higher ETR was observed in patients who achieved RVR and were <50 years of age.
Fulltext Gelam honey: a review of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and wound healing aspects

Putri Shuhaili, S., Haszianaliza, H., Muhammad Fairuz, A., Zar Chi, T.

Medicine & Health, 2016;11(2):105-116.
MyJurnal

In recent years, there is a growing enthusiasm in honey which has potential health benefits, disease prevention and serves as substitution of modern medicine. Honey is a natural sweet product which is produced by honey bees from floral nectar and has been traditionally used to treat several diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, cancer and Alzheimer’s disease since ancient times. Gelam honey (GH) is one of the Malaysian wild monofloral honey which is widely used as traditional medicine by the local population. GH is enriched with several therapeutic properties namely, antioxidative, antiinflammatory, anticancer and accelerated wound healing activities. However, there is lack of literature focusing on the overall effects of GH and its medicinal value. This review paper summarises the phytochemistry characteristics of GH along with its therapeutic values which lead to a broad spectrum idea on several diseases. A concise clarification on the therapeutic properties of GH is expected to provide new knowledge to the scientific society in the era of modern globalization.
Fulltext Preliminary study on the wind flow and pollutant dispersion in an idealized street canyon

Muhammad Yazid, A. W., Mohamed Salim, S., Nor Azwadi, C. S., Mansor, S.

Journal of Advanced Research Design, 2014;1(1):1-17.
MyJurnal

This article describes the approach towards a sensitivity study of wind flow and pollutant
dispersion in an idealized street canyon with tree plantings under thermal atmospheric conditions
using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). First, validation studies were performed to determine the
best turbulence model for the simulation of wind flow under thermal atmospheric conditions against
the previous experimental wind tunnel data. The results of the numerical simulation indicate that
large eddy simulation (LES) can accurately predict the wind flow structure at different thermal
intensities and different locations of heated wall. Finally, detailed descriptions of future research are
presented at the end of this article.

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