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Fulltext The Antimicrobial Properties of Nanotitania Extract and Its Role in Inhibiting the Growth of Klebsiella pneumonia and Haemophilus influenza

Harun AM, Noor NFM, Zaid A, Yusoff ME, Shaari R, Affandi NDN, et al.

Antibiotics (Basel), 2021 Aug 10;10(8).
PMID: 34439011 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10080961

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is an antimicrobial agent which is considered of potential value in inhibiting the growth of multiple bacteria. Klebsiella pneumonia and Haemophilus influenza are two of the most common respiratory infection pathogens, and are the most. Klebsiella pneumonia causes fatal meningitis, while Haemophilus influenza causes mortality even in younger patients. Both are associated with bacteremia and mortality. The purpose of this study was to test a new antibacterial material, namely nanotitania extract combined with 0.03% silver that was developed at Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS) and tested against K. pneumonia and H. influenza. The nanoparticles were synthesized through a modified hydrothermal process, combined with molten salt and proven to have excellent crystallinity, with the band-gap energy falling in the visible light spectrum. The nanoparticle extract was tested using a macro-dilutional method, which involved combining it with 0.03% silver solution during the process of nanoparticle synthesis and then introducing it to the bacteria. A positive control containing the bacteria minus the nanoparticles extract was also prepared. 25 mg/mL, 12.5 mg/mL, and 6.25 mg/mL concentrations of the samples were produced using the macro dilution method. After adding the bacteria to multiple concentrations of nanoparticle extract, the suspensions were incubated for 24 h at a temperature of 37 °C. The suspensions were then spread on Mueller-Hinton agar (K. pneumonia) and chocolate blood agar (H. influenza), where the growth of bacteria was observed after 24 h. Nanoparticle extract in combination with silver at 0.03% was proven to have potential as an antimicrobial agent as it was able to inhibit H. influenza at all concentrations. Furthermore, it was also shown to be capable of inhibiting K. pneumonia at concentrations of 25 mg/mL and 50 mg/mL. In conclusion, the nanoparticle extract, when tested using a macro-dilutional method, displayed antimicrobial properties which were proven effective against the growth of both K. pneumonia and H. influenza.
Fulltext Comparison between the effect of immersive virtual reality training versus conventional rehabilitation on limb loading and functional outcomes in patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A prospective randomized controlled trial

Gsangaya MR, Htwe O, Selvi Naicker A, Md Yusoff BAH, Mohammad N, Soh EZF, et al.

Asia Pac J Sports Med Arthrosc Rehabil Technol, 2023 Oct;34:28-37.
PMID: 37841643 DOI: 10.1016/j.asmart.2023.09.002

PURPOSE: Anterior cruciate ligament injury (ACL) commonly occurs during sporting events. It causes pain, instability and reduction in range of movement of the knee which results in altered balance, reduced strength as well as loading to the involved knee. The challenge to get the patient back to competitive sports level much depends on the rehabilitation process. Post ACLR rehabilitation is challenging due to the long rehabilitation time as well as boring repetitive exercises. The aim of this study is to compare between the effectiveness of using immersive virtual reality (PlayStation VR) in addition to the conventional rehabilitation as an aid in rehabilitation of patients after ACLR in terms of objective functional assessment and pain and subjective knee function scoring.
METHODS: This randomised controlled trial was undertaken in a tertiary hospital in Malaysia from July 2019 until July 2020. Thirty patients were randomised into a group undergoing purely conventional rehabilitation (Group 1) and a group undergoing both conventional rehabilitation and immersive virtual reality assisted rehabilitation (Group 2). The immersive virtual reality assisted rehabilitation was started at 3 months post operatively for 3 months duration. Limb loading, balance, range of motion, functional hop tests of the knee, pain and subjective scoring of the knee with the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Scores were measured preoperatively and at 6 months.
RESULTS: There were significant differences in terms of improvement of pain scores (p = 0.012) as well as IKDC Scores (p = 0.024) in Group 2 as compared to Group 1. However, there were no significant differences with regards to limb loading, balance, range of motion and functional hop tests of the knee (p > 0.05). No adverse events were observed during the study period.
CONCLUSION: Immersive virtual reality can be used as an adjunct in rehabilitation of patients after ACL reconstruction in terms of improving their pain as well as their subjective knee evaluation. Large randomised control trial is recommended to further investigate the efficacy.
Fulltext Development and analysis of acceptance of a nutrition education package among a rural elderly population: an action research study

Shahar S, Adznam SN, Rahman SA, Yusoff NA, Yassin Z, Arshad F, et al.

BMC Geriatr, 2012 Jun 07;12:24.
PMID: 22676577 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2318-12-24

BACKGROUND: It is well known that older adults are often vulnerable to malnutrition. This action research was conducted to develop a nutrition education package for promoting healthy ageing and reducing risk of chronic diseases among older adults in a rural area of Malaysia.
METHODS: This study was designed and conducted in three stages, including needs assessment, development of the package and analysis of acceptance among 33 older adults aged 60 years and over in rural communities, and 14 health staff members at rural health clinics. Subjects completed a questionnaire including sociodemographic factors and acceptance evaluation of the nutrition education package with respect to content, graphics and design. Data were analysed descriptively using numbers and percentages.
RESULTS: A nutrition education package comprising a booklet, flipchart and placemats was developed. A total of 42.4% of the older adults expressed that the sentences in the flipchart needed to be simplified and medical terms explained. Terminology (60%), illustrations (20%) and nutrition recommendations (20%) were the aspects that prevented elderly subjects from fully understanding the booklet. Information on the placemats was easily understood by subjects.
CONCLUSIONS: A well accepted nutrition education package for promoting healthy ageing and reducing risk of chronic diseases was developed that incorporated modifications based on feedback from older adult subjects and health clinic staff in a rural area. It is a tool that can effectively be used for health education in this population.
Parasitic dinoflagellate Hematodinium in marine decapod crustaceans: a review on current knowledge and future perspectives

Alimin AWF, Yusoff NAH, Kadriah IAK, Anshary H, Abdullah F, Jabir N, et al.

Parasitol Res, 2023 Dec 14;123(1):49.
PMID: 38095702 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08067-z

Parasitic dinoflagellates of the genus Hematodinium are known to infect various marine crustaceans worldwide, especially crabs and several species of shrimp and lobster. Some of these species are new host species and components of commercial fishery products. These parasitic species are predominantly found in the hemolymph of the host and cause pathological changes and functional damage to organs and tissues, leading to death. In recent years, these parasites have infected important commercially valuable species, particularly in European waters, US waters, Australian waters, and recently in Shandong Peninsula in China. These Hematodinium pathogens were also reported to affect wild shrimp in Chinese waters and in the English North Sea. These rapid spreads affect crustacean aquaculture industries, where they are indeed a significant threat to the sustainability of the aquaculture of important crustaceans. The fishery products industries are also under pressure from the invasion of this pathogen, as the crab meat produced has a bitter taste, which may reduce its marketability. In response to these threats, this review was aimed at providing a broader understanding of the development of parasite distribution and ecological aspects of Hematodinium. In addition, the interaction of these pathogens with their hosts, the environmental drivers of Hematodinium disease, and future research perspectives were discussed.
Fulltext Correspondence: "A multisociety Delphi consensus statement on new fatty liver disease nomenclature"

Wan KS, Chan WK, Yusoff MFM, Mustapha F, Rifin HM, Ratnam KKY, et al.

Ann Hepatol, 2024 Feb 23.
PMID: 38403072 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2024.101485
Prevalence of diabetic kidney disease and the associated factors among patients with type 2 diabetes in a multi-ethnic Asian country

Wan KS, Hairi NN, Mustapha F, Mohd Yusoff MF, Mat Rifin H, Ismail M, et al.

Sci Rep, 2024 Mar 25;14(1):7074.
PMID: 38528132 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57723-6

The actual prevalence of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Malaysia is unknown. We aimed to determine the prevalence of DKD and its associated risk factors among T2D patients in Malaysia. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted using the year 2022 clinical audit dataset from the National Diabetes Registry. DKD was defined as albuminuria, a decreased glomerular filtration rate, or both. Among 80,360 patients, 62.2% were female, 68.4% were Malay, and the mean age was 61.4 years. A total of 56.7% (95% CI 56.4-57.1%) of patients were found to have DKD. Increasing age, male sex, Malay ethnicity, longer duration of diabetes, overweight, obesity, hypertension, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic foot ulcer, nontraumatic lower-extremity amputation, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, insulin, higher numbers of antihypertensive agents, antiplatelet agents, poorer HbA1c control, higher systolic blood pressure, non-achievement of triglyceride target, and non-attainment of HDL-cholesterol goal were independent risk factors associated with DKD. Clinicians, program managers, and health policymakers should target modifiable factors to manage DKD and prevent its progression to end-stage kidney disease in Malaysia.
Detection of somatic mutations in the mitochondrial DNA control region D-loop in brain tumors: The first report in Malaysian patients

Mohamed Yusoff AA, Mohd Nasir KN, Haris K, Mohd Khair SZN, Abdul Ghani ARI, Idris Z, et al.

Oncol Lett, 2017 Nov;14(5):5179-5188.
PMID: 29098023 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6851

Although the role of nuclear-encoded gene alterations has been well documented in brain tumor development, the involvement of the mitochondrial genome in brain tumorigenesis has not yet been fully elucidated and remains controversial. The present study aimed to identify mutations in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region D-loop in patients with brain tumors in Malaysia. A mutation analysis was performed in which DNA was extracted from paired tumor tissue and blood samples obtained from 49 patients with brain tumors. The D-loop region DNA was amplified using the PCR technique, and genetic data from DNA sequencing analyses were compared with the published revised Cambridge sequence to identify somatic mutations. Among the 49 brain tumor tissue samples evaluated, 25 cases (51%) had somatic mutations of the mtDNA D-loop, with a total of 48 mutations. Novel mutations that had not previously been identified in the D-loop region (176 A-deletion, 476 C>A, 566 C>A and 16405 A-deletion) were also classified. No significant associations between the D-loop mutation status and the clinicopathological parameters were observed. To the best of our knowledge, the current study presents the first evidence of alterations in the mtDNA D-loop regions in the brain tumors of Malaysian patients. These results may provide an overview and data regarding the incidence of mitochondrial genome alterations in Malaysian patients with brain tumors. In addition to nuclear genome aberrations, these specific mitochondrial genome alterations may also be considered as potential cancer biomarkers for the diagnosis and staging of brain cancers.
Fulltext Rare Copy Number Variants Identified Suggest the Regulating Pathways in Hypertension-Related Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

Boon-Peng H, Mat Jusoh JA, Marshall CR, Majid F, Danuri N, Basir F, et al.

PLoS One, 2016;11(3):e0148755.
PMID: 26930585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148755

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and a powerful predictor of adverse cardiovascular outcomes in the hypertensive patients. It has complex multifactorial and polygenic basis for its pathogenesis. We hypothesized that rare copy number variants (CNVs) contribute to the LVH pathogenesis in hypertensive patients. Copy number variants (CNV) were identified in 258 hypertensive patients, 95 of whom had LVH, after genotyping with a high resolution SNP array. Following stringent filtering criteria, we identified 208 rare, or private CNVs that were only present in our patients with hypertension related LVH. Preliminary findings from Gene Ontology and pathway analysis of this study confirmed the involvement of the genes known to be functionally involved in cardiac development and phenotypes, in line with previously reported transcriptomic studies. Network enrichment analyses suggested that the gene-set was, directly or indirectly, involved in the transcription factors regulating the "foetal cardiac gene programme" which triggered the hypertrophic cascade, confirming previous reports. These findings suggest that multiple, individually rare copy number variants altering genes may contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension-related LVH. In summary, we have provided further supporting evidence that rare CNV could potentially impact this common and complex disease susceptibility with lower heritability.
Fulltext Changes in 3-, 2-Monochloropropandiol and Glycidyl Esters during a Conventional Baking System with Addition of Antioxidants

Goh KM, Wong YH, Abas F, Lai OM, Mat Yusoff M, Tan TB, et al.

Foods, 2020 Jun 04;9(6).
PMID: 32512737 DOI: 10.3390/foods9060739

Shortening derived from palm oil is widely used in baking applications. However, palm oil and the related products are reported to contain high levels of monochloropropandiol (MCPD) ester and glycidyl ester (GE). MCPD and glycidol are known as process contaminants, which are carcinogenic and genotoxic compounds, respectively. The objective was to evaluate the effects of antioxidant addition in palm olein and stearin to the content of MCPD esters and GE in baked cake. Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), rosemary extract and tocopherol were used to fortify the samples at 200 mg/kg and in combinations (400, 600 and 800 mg/kg rosemary or tocopherol combined with 200 mg/kg BHA). The MCPD esters and GE content, radical formation and the quality of the fats portion were analyzed. The results showed that palm olein fortified with rosemary extract yielded less 2-MCPD ester. The GE content was lower when soft stearin was fortified with rosemary. ESR spectrometry measurements showed that the antioxidants were effective to reduce radical formation. The synergistic effects of combining antioxidants controlled the contaminants formation. In conclusion, oxidation stability was comparable either in the single or combined antioxidants. Tocopherol in combination with BHA was more effective in controlling the MCPD esters and GE formation.
Fulltext Safety and clinical usage of newcastle disease virus in cancer therapy

Lam HY, Yeap SK, Pirozyan MR, Omar AR, Yusoff K, Suraini AA, et al.

J Biomed Biotechnol, 2011;2011:718710.
PMID: 22131816 DOI: 10.1155/2011/718710

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an avian virus that causes deadly infection to over 250 species of birds, including domestic and wild-type, thus resulting in substantial losses to the poultry industry worldwide. Many reports have demonstrated the oncolytic effect of NDV towards human tumor cells. The interesting aspect of NDV is its ability to selectively replicate in cancer cells. Some of the studies have undergone human clinical trials, and favorable results were obtained. Therefore, NDV strains can be the potential therapeutic agent in cancer therapy. However, investigation on the therapeutic perspectives of NDV, especially human immunological effects, is still ongoing. This paper provides an overview of the current studies on the cytotoxic and anticancer effect of NDV via direct oncolysis effects or immune stimulation. Safety of NDV strains applied for cancer immunotherapy is also discussed in this paper.
Fulltext Inhibition of pathogenic and spoilage bacteria by a novel biofilm-forming Lactobacillus isolate: a potential host for the expression of heterologous proteins

Jalilsood T, Baradaran A, Song AA, Foo HL, Mustafa S, Saad WZ, et al.

Microb Cell Fact, 2015;14:96.
PMID: 26150120 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-015-0283-8

Bacterial biofilms are a preferred mode of growth for many types of microorganisms in their natural environments. The ability of pathogens to integrate within a biofilm is pivotal to their survival. The possibility of biofilm formation in Lactobacillus communities is also important in various industrial and medical settings. Lactobacilli can eliminate the colonization of different pathogenic microorganisms. Alternatively, new opportunities are now arising with the rapidly expanding potential of lactic acid bacteria biofilms as bio-control agents against food-borne pathogens.
Fulltext Comparison of high pressure and thermal pasteurization on the quality parameters of strawberry products: a review

Nawawi NIM, Ijod G, Senevirathna SSJ, Aadil RM, Yusof NL, Yusoff MM, et al.

Food Sci Biotechnol, 2023 May;32(6):729-747.
PMID: 37041805 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01276-3

Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) is rich in bioactive compounds with high antioxidant activity. High pressure processing (HPP) is an efficient alternative to preserve these bioactive compounds in terms of microbial inactivation and shelf-life stability. This review compares the effects of pasteurization methods using high pressure or thermal pasteurization (TP) on the quality parameters of various strawberry-based products. To summarize, most of the high pressure-treated products are microbiologically stable and showed minimum degradation of thermolabile compounds than TP-treated ones. However, some studies reported that high pressure did not have an advantage over TP especially in the preservation of phenolic phytochemicals during storage. The insufficient enzyme inactivation and high residual activity of enzymes after high pressure treatment could cause anthocyanins degradation thus affecting the product quality. Overall, this review could be valuable to potential processors in evaluating the effective commercialization of high pressure-treated strawberry products.
Fulltext Comparison on the Effects and Safety of Tualang Honey and Tribestan in Sperm Parameters, Erectile Function, and Hormonal Profiles among Oligospermic Males

Ismail SB, Bakar MB, Nik Hussain NH, Norhayati MN, Sulaiman SA, Jaafar H, et al.

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2014;2014:126138.
PMID: 25505918 DOI: 10.1155/2014/126138

Introduction. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Tualang honey on sperm parameters, erectile function, and hormonal and safety profiles. Methodology. A randomized control trial was done using Tualang honey (20 grams) and Tribestan (750 mg) over a period of 12 weeks. Sperm parameters including sperm concentration, motility, and morphology were analyzed and erectile function was assessed using IIEF-5 questionnaire. Hormonal profiles of testosterone, FSH, and LH were studied. The volunteers were randomized into two groups and the outcomes were analyzed using SPSS version 18. Results. A total of 66 participants were involved. A significant increment of mean sperm concentration (P < 0.001), motility (P = 0.015) and morphology (P = 0.008) was seen in Tualang honey group. In Tribestan group, a significant increment of mean sperm concentration (P = 0.007), and morphology (P = 0.009) was seen. No significant differences of sperm concentration, motility, and morphology were seen between Tualang honey and Tribestan group and similar results were also seen in erectile function and hormonal profile. All safety profiles were normal and no adverse event was reported. Conclusion. Tualang honey effect among oligospermic males was comparable with Tribestan in improving sperm concentration, motility, and morphology. The usage of Tualang honey was also safe with no reported adverse event.
Integrated nutrient recycling: Ammonia recovery from thermophilic composting of shrimp aquaculture sludge via self-heated bench-scale reactor and mango plant growth enhancement by the compost

Tie HO, Che Man H, Koyama M, Syukri F, Md Yusoff F, Toda T, et al.

Waste Manag, 2024 May 15;180:55-66.
PMID: 38520898 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.03.021

Due to the rapid growth of the aquaculture industry, large amounts of organic waste are released into nature and polluted the environment. Traditional organic waste treatment such as composting is a time-consuming process that retains the ammonia (NH3) in the compost, and the compost produced has little economic value as organic fertilizer. Illegal direct discharge into the environment is therefore widespread. This study investigates the recovery of NH3 through thermophilic composting of shrimp aquaculture sludge (SAS) and its application as a soil conditioner for the growth of mango plants. A maximum composting temperature of 57.10 °C was achieved through self-heating in a 200 L bench-scale reactor, resulting in NH3 recovery of 224.04 mol/ton-ds after 14 days. The addition of calcium hydroxide and increased aeration have been shown to increase NH3 volatilization. The recovered NH3 up to 3 kg-N can be used as a source of clean nitrogen for high-value microalgae cultivation, with a theoretical yield of up to 34.85 kg-algae of microalgae biomass from 1 ton-ds of SAS composting. Despite the high salinity, SAS compost improved mango plant growth and disease resistance. These results highlight the potential of SAS compost as a sustainable source of clean nitrogen for microalgae cultivation and soil conditioner, contributing to a waste-free circular economy through nutrient recycling and sustainable agriculture.
Fulltext The Effects of 4-Hydroxybenzoic Acid Identified from Bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) Shoots on Kv1.4 Channel

Zhang J, Mohamad FH, Wong JH, Mohamad H, Ismail AH, Mohamed Yusoff AA, et al.

Malays J Med Sci, 2018 Feb;25(1):101-113.
PMID: 29599640 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2018.25.1.12

Background: Bamboo shoot has been used as a treatment for epilepsy in traditional Chinese medicine for generations to treat neuronal disorders such as convulsive, dizziness and headaches. 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-hba) is a non-flavonoid phenol found abundantly inDendrocalamus aspershoots (bamboo), fruits (strawberries and apples) and flowers. Kv1.4 is a rapidly inactivatingShaker-related member of the voltage-gated potassium channels with two inactivation mechanisms; the fast N-type and slow C-type. It plays vital roles in repolarisation, hyperpolarisation and signaling the restoration of resting membrane potential through the regulation of the movement of K+across the cellular membrane.
Methods: Chemical compounds fromDendrocalamus asperbamboo shoots were purified and identified as major palmitic acids mixed with other minor fatty acids, palmitic acid, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, lauric acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and cholest-4-ene-3-one. The response of synthetic 4-hydroxybenzoic acid was tested on Kv1.4 potassium channel which was injected into viable oocytes that was extracted fromXenopus laevis. The current were detected by the two-microelectrode voltage clamp, holding potential starting from -80 mV with 20 mV step-up until +80 mV. Readings of treatments with 0.1% DMSO, 4-hba concentrations and K channel blockers were taken at +60 mV. The ratio of tail/peak amplitude is the index of the activity of the Kv1.4 channels withn≥ 6 (number of oocytes tested). The decreases of the ratios of five different concentrations (1 μM, 10 μM, 100 μM, 1 mM and 2.5 mM) were compared with 0.1% DMSO as the control.
Results: All concentration showed statistically significant results withP< 0.05 except for 100 μM. The normalised current of the 4-hba concentrations were compared with potassium channel blockers (TEA and 4-AP) and all groups showed statistically significant results. This study also showed that time taken for each concentration to affect Kv1.4 does not play any significant roles.
Conclusion: 4-hydroxybenzoic acid was found to be able to enhance the inactivation of Kv1.4 by lowering the membrane potential so that the abnormal neuronal firing can be inhibited. With IC50 slightly higher than 10 μM, increasing concentrations (100 μM, 1 mM and 2.5 mM) had shown to exhibit toxicity effects. The best concentration from this study is 10 μM with Hill slope of 0.1799.
Fulltext An overview on the development of newcastle disease virus as an anti-cancer therapy

Omar AR, Ideris A, Ali AM, Othman F, Yusoff K, Abdullah JM, et al.

Malays J Med Sci, 2003 Jan;10(1):4-12.
PMID: 23365495

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is one of the most economically important avian virus which affects the poultry industry worldwide. Although NDV is being very actively studied in Malaysia, there are still no studies on its potential as an anticancer agent, a new approach to treating cancer known as virotherapy. Currently, a collaborative research is being undertaken between Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) and Majlis Kanser Nasional (MAKNA) in characterising various local NDV isolates as anticancer agent. This paper describes an overview of the research that have been carried out worldwide in the use of NDV for cancer treatment and also some of our findings in characterising local NDVs with oncolytic properties.
Fulltext In Vitro Antifungal Activities against Moulds Isolated from Dermatological Specimens

Mohd Nizam T, Binting RA, Mohd Saari S, Kumar TV, Muhammad M, Satim H, et al.

Malays J Med Sci, 2016 May;23(3):32-9.
PMID: 27418867 MyJurnal

This study aimed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of various antifungal agents against moulds isolated from dermatological specimens.
Fulltext Translation and trans-cultural adaptation to the Malay version of the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy questionnaire among healthcare workers in Malaysia

Zaid SNA, Abdul Kadir A, Mohd Noor N, Ahmad B, Yusoff MSB, Ramli AS, et al.

PLoS One, 2024;19(4):e0302237.
PMID: 38630657 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302237

INTRODUCTION: Healthcare workers play a crucial role in supporting COVID-19 vaccination as they are the most trusted source of information to the public population. Assessing the healthcare workers' hesitancy towards COVID-19 vaccination is pertinent, however, there are limited validated tools to measure their hesitancy on COVID-19 vaccines. This study aims to adapt and validate the first COVID-19 hesitancy scale among healthcare workers in Malaysia.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study adapted and translated the Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (VHS) developed by the WHO SAGE Working Group. The scale underwent a sequential validation process, including back-back translation, content, face, and construct validity for Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The reliability was tested using internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha composite reliability (CR) and average variance extracted (AVE)).
RESULTS: The data for EFA and CFA were completed by a separate sample of 125 and 300 HCWs, respectively. The EFA analysis of the C19-VHS-M scale was unidimensional with 10 items. A further CFA analysis revealed a uniform set of nine items with acceptable goodness fit indices (comparative fit index = 0.997, Tucker-Lewis index = 0.995, incremental fit index = 0.997, chi-squared/degree of freedom = 1.352, and root mean square error of approximation = 0.034). The Cronbach's alpha, CR and AVE results were 0.953, 0.95 and 0.70, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: The questionnaire was valid and reliable for use in the Malay language.
Fulltext Genome sequence of the Mycobacterium abscessus strain M93

Choo SW, Wong YL, Yusoff AM, Leong ML, Wong GJ, Ong CS, et al.

J Bacteriol, 2012 Jun;194(12):3278.
PMID: 22628507 DOI: 10.1128/JB.00492-12

Mycobacterium abscessus is a rapid-growing species of nontuberculous mycobacteria that is frequently associated with opportunistic infections in humans. We report herein the draft genome sequence of M. abscessus strain M93.
Fulltext Trkb-IP3 Pathway Mediating Neuroprotection in Rat Hippocampal Neuronal Cell Culture Following Induction of Kainic Acid

Chong PN, Sangu M, Huat TJ, Reza F, Begum T, Yusoff AAM, et al.

Malays J Med Sci, 2018 Nov;25(6):28-45.
PMID: 30914877 MyJurnal DOI: 10.21315/mjms2018.25.6.4

BACKGROUND: Following brain injury, development of hippocampal sclerosis often led to the temporal lobe epilepsy which is sometimes resistant to common anti-epileptic drugs. Cellular and molecular changes underlying epileptogenesis in animal models were studied, however, the underlying mechanisms of kainic acid (KA) mediated neuronal damage in rat hippocampal neuron cell culture alone has not been elucidated yet.
METHODS: Embryonic day 18 (E-18) rat hippocampus neurons were cultured with poly-L-lysine coated glass coverslips. Following optimisation, KA (0.5 μM), a chemoconvulsant agent, was administered at three different time-points (30, 60 and 90 min) to induce seizure in rat hippocampal neuronal cell culture. We examined cell viability, neurite outgrowth density and immunoreactivity of the hippocampus neuron culture by measuring brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), γ-amino butyric acid A (GABAA) subunit α-1 (GABRA1), tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB), and inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R/IP3) levels.
RESULTS: The results revealed significantly decreased and increased immunoreactivity changes in TrkB (a BDNF receptor) and IP3R, respectively, at 60 min time point.
CONCLUSION: The current findings suggest that TrkB and IP3 could have a neuroprotective role which could be a potential pharmacological target for anti-epilepsy drugs.

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