Displaying publications 121 - 140 of 667 in total

Abstract:
Sort:
  1. Fulltext Knowledge and perception of medical and pharmacy students toward the usage of sunblock [Abstract]
    Hadi H, Elkalmi R, Awadh A, Jamshed S, Al-Shami A
    Value Health, 2014 Nov;17(7):A605.
    PMID: 27202095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.2105
    Objectives: To evaluate the knowledge and perception of medical and pharmacy students toward the usage of sunblock as skin protection against ultraviolet (UV).
    Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among the undergraduate final year medical and pharmacy students at the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). Validated questionnaire were used to collect the data. The questionnaires were distributed to 134 students from medicine and 100 pharmacy students. Descriptive and inferential statistics are used whenever appropriate.
    Results: Overall, 161 participants out of a total of 234 completed the questionnaire with 101 medical students (75.4%) and 60 pharmacy students (60.0%). Majority of the respondents were female 64 (63.4%) and 37 (36.6%) were male. The median of knowledge scores of the final year medical students was significantly lower than the final year pharmacy students (p<0.01). There is no significant differnce between the knowledge of the female and male students (Mann Whitney U Test value = 0.27, p<0.01). This study reported that 24 (39.3 %) of pharmacy students were influenced by the media to use sunblock whereas 35 (34.7%) of medical students had the highest influence from friends to use sunblock. However, this study showed there was no significant difference in the perception of pharmacy and medical students p=0.020.
    Conclusion: In conclusion, the knowledge of pharmacy students is significantly higher than the knowledge of medical students had on the usage of sunblock. Both medical and pharmacy students have the same level of perception towards the usage of sunblock.
  2. Fulltext Bis(2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthrolin-1-ium) 2,5-di-carb-oxy-benzene-1,4-di-carb-oxyl-ate-2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline-benzene-1,2,4,5-tetra-carb-oxy-lic acid (1/2/1)
    Arman HD, Kaulgud T, Tiekink ER
    Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2013;69(Pt 9):o1445-6.
    PMID: 24427073 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536813022691
    The asymmetric unit of the title co-crystal, 2C14H13N2 (+)·C10H4O8 (2-)·2C14H12N2·C10H6O8, comprises a 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthrolin-1-ium cation (Me2PhenH(+)) and a 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline mol-ecule (Me2Phen), each in a general position, and half each of a 2,5-di-carb-oxy-benzene-1,4-di-carboxyl-ate dianion (LH2 (2-)) and a benzene-1,2,4,5-tetra-carb-oxy-lic acid mol-ecule (LH4), each being disposed about a centre of inversion. Small twists are evident in the dianion [the C-C-C-O torsion angles are 168.41 (18) and 16.2 (3)°], whereas a major twist is found for one carb-oxy-lic acid group in the neutral mol-ecule [C-C-C-O = 66.3 (2) and 18.2 (3)°]. The most prominent feature of the crystal packing is the formation of linear supra-molecular chains along [001] mediated by charge-assisted O-H⋯O(-) hydrogen bonding between alternating LH4 and LH2 (2-). These are connected to the Me2PhenH(+) and Me2Phen species by N-H⋯O and O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, respectively. A three-dimensional architecture is formed by C-H⋯O and π-π inter-actions [inter-centroid distance = 3.5337 (17) Å].
  3. Fulltext {[Eth-yl(pyridin-4-ylmeth-yl)carbamo-thio-yl]sulfanido-κ(2) S,S'}(1,4,7,10,13,16-hexa-oxa-cyclo-octa-decane-κ(6) O)potassium
    Arman HD, Poplaukhin P, Tiekink ER
    Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2013;69(Pt 9):m479-80.
    PMID: 24426981 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536813021569
    The asymmetric unit of title salt co-crystal, [K(C9H11N2S2)(C12H24O6)], comprises a K(+) cation, an (-)S2CN(Et)py anion and a 18-crown-6 mol-ecule. Substantial delocalization of π-electron density is evident in the di-thio-carbamate anion, as indicated by the equivalent C-S bond lengths. The K(+) cation sits within an O6S2 donor set lying 0.7506 (6) Å out of the least-squares plane through the six O atoms (r.m.s. deviation = 0.1766 Å) of the 18-crown-6 mol-ecule with the two S atoms being on one side of this plane. Supra-molecular layers in the bc plane, sustained by C-H⋯O and C-H⋯π inter-actions, feature in the crystal packing.
  4. Fulltext 4-Amino-N-(4,6-di-methyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)benzene-sulfonamide-1,4-di-aza-bicyclo-[2.2.2]octane (2/1)
    Arman HD, Kaulgud T, Tiekink ER
    Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2013 Oct 5;69(Pt 11):o1615.
    PMID: 24454066 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536813027037
    The asymmetric unit of the title co-crystal, C12H14N4O2S·0.5C6H12N2, comprises the sulfonamide mol-ecule and half a mol-ecule of 1,4-di-aza-bicyclo-[2.2.2]octane (DABCO), the latter being disposed about a crystallographic twofold rotation axis. In the sulfonamide mol-ecule, the aromatic rings are almost perpendicular to one another [dihedral angle = 75.01 (8)°]. In the crystal, mol-ecules are connected into a three-mol-ecule aggregate via amide-DABCO N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, and these are connected into a three-dimensional architecture via amino-DABCO N-H⋯O and amino-pyrimidine N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds.
  5. Fulltext 4-[2-(Pyridin-1-ium-4-yl)eth-yl]pyridin-1-ium bis-(2,6-di-nitro-benzoate)
    Arman HD, Miller T, Tiekink ER
    Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2013 Oct 2;69(Pt 11):o1606.
    PMID: 24454058 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536813026810
    The asymmetric unit of the title salt, C12H14N2 (2+)·2C7H3N2O6 (-), comprises half a 4-[2-(pyridin-1-ium-4-yl)eth-yl]pyridin-1-ium dication, being disposed about a centre of inversion, and a 2,6-di-nitro-benzoate anion, in a general position. In the anion, the carboxyl-ate group is inclined to the benzene ring [dihedral angle = 85.45 (9)°], whereas near-coplanar and twisted arrangements are found for the nitro groups [O-N-C-C torsion angles = 179.80 (14) and 20.2 (2)°]. In the crystal, three-component aggregates sustained by charge-assisted N(+)-H⋯O(-) hydrogen bonds are found and these are consolidated into a three-dimensional architecture by C-H⋯O and π-π [inter-centroid distances = 3.6796 (14) and 3.7064 (14) Å] inter-actions.
  6. Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis of Stress Distribution and Displacement of the Maxilla Following Surgically Assisted Rapid Maxillary Expansion with Tooth- and Bone-Borne Devices
    Dalband M, Kashani J, Hashemzehi H
    J Dent (Tehran), 2015 Apr;12(4):298-306.
    PMID: 26622285
    The aim of this study was to investigate the displacement and stress distribution during surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion under different surgical conditions with tooth- and bone-borne devices.
  7. TUBE VERSUS TRABECULECTOMY IN JUVENILE-ONSET OPEN ANGLE GLAUCOMA - TREATMENT OUTCOMES IN TERTIARY HOSPITALS IN MALAYSIA
    Abd H, Ang, Raja N, Norhalwani H, Azhany Y, Liza-Sharmini
    Cesk Slov Oftalmol, 2022;78(6):298-303.
    PMID: 36543596 DOI: 10.31348/2022/29
    AIM OF THE STUDY: To compare the intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering effect and postoperative complications between primary augmented trabeculectomy and glaucoma drainage device (GDD) implantation as primary surgical intervention in patients with juvenile-onset open angle glaucoma (JOAG).

    PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective review study involving 20 eyes that underwent primary augmented trabeculectomy with mitomycin (MMC) and 10 eyes GDD implantation in 3 tertiary centres in Malaysia between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2019. They were followed up for at least 12 months postsurgical intervention. Intraocular pressure (IOP), number of topical IOP lowering medication and complications were evaluated at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months post-intervention. Based on the IOP, the success was divided into complete and partial success, and failure. IOP and postsurgical complications were compared using the Repetitive Measure Analysis of Variance (RM ANOVA) and the Pearson chi-square test.

    RESULTS: Both methods were effective in lowering the IOP. Eyes with primary augmented trabeculectomy have significant lower IOP compared to GDD implantation (p = 0.037). There was a higher incidence of postoperative hypotony (30%) in the trabeculectomy group. There was also a significant reduction of mean number of topical pressure-lowering drugs required postoperatively (p = 0.015). Complete success was achieved in 100% of eyes with trabeculectomy and 67% in GDD implantation (p = 0.047).

    CONCLUSIONS: Primary augmented trabeculectomy and GDD implantation are good surgical options for the treatment of JOAG. Both methods provide IOP lowering at 1 year. However, trabeculectomy provides better pressure lowering, compared to GDD implantation in patients with JOAG.

  8. Recycling of deep eutectic solvent in the extraction of ferulic acid from oil palm empty fruit bunch
    Ng MH, Nu'man AH, Hasliyanti A
    J Sep Sci, 2024 Feb;47(4):e2300842.
    PMID: 38403445 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300842
    The study explored ferulic acid extraction from palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) fiber using deep eutectic solvent (DES) of chlorine chloride-acetic acid as the extraction medium and the way to recover and recycle the DES thereafter. Antisolvent was added to selectively precipitate the ferulic acid, which was recovered by filtration thereafter. Recycling the DES without further purification led to increased ferulic acid yield with each subsequent extraction, likely due to retained ferulic acid. The retained ferulic acid and other impurities could be removed by precipitation brought upon by the addition of a second antisolvent. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance revealed that there was no excess ferulic acid in the recycled DES-treated with two types of antisolvents (ethanol and water). The yield of ferulic acid increased from 0.1367-0.1856 g/g when treated with only one antisolvent to 0.1368-0.2897 g/g with two antisolvent treatments. Oil droplets were also observed in the DES upon the addition of antisolvent 2, with recovered oil ranging from 0.6% to 3%. The study emphasized the significance of using DES as an extraction medium for ferulic acid from oil palm EFB fiber and the method to recycle the DES for subsequent processes.
  9. Fulltext Designing a new magnetic g-C3N4 nanocatalyst based on Ag nanoparticles supported by β-cyclodextrin for effective reduction of nitroaromatic compounds
    Rostami S, Yahyazadeh A, Adibi H
    Sci Rep, 2024 Dec 30;14(1):31586.
    PMID: 39738240 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-76786-z
    In this study, we present the synthesis of a silver nanocomposite by utilizing a β-cyclodextrin (βCD) polymer anchored onto the surface of magnetic g-C3N4 (referred to as g-C3N4-Fe3O4/βCD-Ag). The structure and composition of the g-C3N4-Fe3O4/βCD-Ag nanocomposite were thoroughly characterized using various techniques, including FT-IR, FE-SEM-EDS, TEM, TGA, XRD, ICP, and VSM. This catalytic system exhibited excellent selectivity in reducing nitro groups, even in the presence of other reactive functional groups, resulting in high yields ranging from 85 to 98%. Moreover, the organometallic nanocatalyst could be easily recovered from the solution using an external magnet and demonstrated consistent catalytic activity over six consecutive runs with a slight decrease.
  10. Fulltext Augmented renal clearance in critically ill patients with sepsis: prevalence, risk factors and outcome
    Shahir Asraf Abdul Rahim, Azrina Md Ralib, Abdul Hadi Mohamad, Ariff Osman, Mohd Basri Mat Nor
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2017;16(11):15-15.
    MyJurnal
    Augmented renal clearance (ARC) is a phenomenon where there is elevated
    renal clearance and defined by creatinine clearance more than 130ml/min. ARC results
    in changes of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic of antimicrobial therapy being
    administered, which may result in its subtherapeutic dose. We evaluated the
    prevalence, risk factors and outcome of ARC in critically ill patients with sepsis. (Copied from article).
  11. Fulltext Pain intervention for Trigeminal Neuralgia
    Hadi, M.A., Nor Zamzila, A., Rasydan, A.G.M., Suhaila, N., Nizamuddin, I.M.
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2017;16(11):53-53.
    MyJurnal
    In the management of chronic pain, stepwise oral analgesics of graded strength are
    considered as first-line therapy. Minimally invasive interventional procedures remain an
    option for its treatment when pharmacological therapy fails to control the pain. We
    reported three classical cases of chronic trigeminal neuralgia that were managed with
    two types of pain intervention approaches after failing conservative management. (Copied from article).
  12. Fulltext Macular branch retinal vein occlusion: a revisit and case report
    Azhan, A., Mutasim, H., Abdul-Hadi, R., Khairul-Anwar, I., Zunaina, E.
    Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, 2018;3(2):18-21.
    MyJurnal
    Macular branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), a type of retinal vein occlusion, is rarely recognised as a distinct entity. Macular BRVO has unique clinical features and different natural courses than the major BRVO. We report a case of a young patient with macular BRVO with macular oedema who was successfully treated with intravitreal ranibizumab injection. A 43 year-old Chinese man with no underlying medical illness presented with 2 weeks history of left eye painless reduced central vision which was worsening over time. On examination, his left eye visual acuity was 6/30 and Amsler chart drawing showed a lower central scotoma. Dilated fundus examination found marked flame-shaped retinal hemorrhages with cotton wool spot over the superior macular area bounded superiorly by superior arcade and macular thickening. An optical coherence tomography revealed cystoid macular oedema; and fundus fluorescein angiography showed occlusion of a small venous branch draining a superior part of macula to superior temporal venous arcade. A complete medical investigation found that he has hypertriglyceridemia and he was managed accordingly. His vision had improved to 6/6 after receiving 3 injections of intravitreal ranibizumab with no residual central scotoma and complete resolution of macular oedema.
  13. Fulltext Effects of Methylene Blue, Psoralen and Riboflavin treatments on Fibrinogen and other coagulation factors level of fresh frozen plasma
    Norazlina Hamzah, Faraizah Abd. Karim, Ahzad Hadi Ahmad, Narazah Mohd Yusoff
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2018;14(201):1-9.
    MyJurnal
    Photochemical treatment is one of the pathogen inactivation method to treat plasma, part of a proactive approach used for blood and blood component safety. Three photochemical treatments that have been used were methylene blue, riboflavin and psoralen treatment. This study was done on Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP) to evaluate the treatment effects of psoralen, methylene blue and riboflavin on coagulation factors level. Methods: FFP was collected from apheresis plasma units and kept at 22oC to 24oC. A sum of 90 apheresis plasma units and segments were used, separated from each bag and a part used as controls, placed in a -30oC freezer for storage, thawed, and coagulation proteins function was evaluated before and after treatment, at immediate, 30 days and 270 days storage. Results: Significant differences in fibrinogen and coagulation factor levels between before and after treatment with methylene blue, psoralen and riboflavin. However, most of the mean values in treated plasma were within reference ranges. Methylene blue treated FFP showed the lowest changes in fibrinogen and other coagulation factors level whilst riboflavin treated FFP demonstrated the highest changes in coagulation proteins concentrations especially for fibrinogen, FV, FVIII, FIX and FXII. However, FXIII showed the best recovery for all three photochemical methods with reduction level of 3% to 8% compared to pre-treatment. Storage time comparison of immediate, 30 days and 270 days was inconclusive. Conclusion: The coagulation proteins in psoralen treated FFP and MB-FFP were adequately preserved, where MB-FFP showed better preservation than other two photochemical treatments.
  14. Fabrikasi dan pencirian pencerai optik 1×12 buatan tangan berasaskan gentian optik polimer diperbuat daripada polimetil metakrilat
    Mohd Syuhaimi Ab-Rahman, Hadi Guna, Mohd Hazwan Harun, Kasmiran Jumari
    Sains Malaysiana, 2010;39.
    Kajian ini dijalankan untuk membangunkan pencerai optik 1×12 berasaskan gentian optik polimer (POF) diperbuat daripada polimetil metakrilat (PMAA) sebagai media penghantar isyarat optik berprestasi tinggi. Pada asasnya, peranti optik ini mempunyai 1 pangkalan POF masukan dan 12 pangkalan POF keluaran dalam bentuk gentian terberkas. Banyak sistem yang menggandingkan atau menceraikan isyarat optik menerusi beberapa saluran yang berbeza-beza, yang masing-masing mempunyai kekangan yang tersendiri telah dipasarkan. Walau bagaimanapun, teknologi tersebut terlalu mahal untuk digunakan pada beberapa aplikasi tertentu. Tujuan utama peranti buatan tangan ini ialah untuk membangunkan pencerai optik berkos rendah menggunakan PMMA-POF bagi aplikasi pelbagai guna. Pengganding disuntik dengan diod pemancar cahaya (LED) berwarna merah dengan panjang gelombang 650 nm bagi menganalisis kecekapan kuasa pengganding. Kecekapan yang diperolehi mencapai sehingga 80% kuasa isyarat optik yang merentasi pencerai optik tersebut. Prestasi bagi pencerai optik buatan tangan ini masih dapat diperbaiki melalui latihan yang berterusan.
  15. Fulltext Perceiving statistical knowledge through digital apps: an exploratory study
    Az’lina Abdul Hadi, Noorezatty Mohd Yusop, Nornadiah Mohd Razali, Zuraida Khairudin, Noraziah Mohd Razali
    Journal of Academia Universiti Teknologi MARA Negeri Sembilan, 2018;6(2):53-57.
    MyJurnal
    Statistics plays a vital role in various spheres of life. Choosing the right statistical analysis is one of the most crucial aspects in statistics. Some researchers especially those who have minimal statistical background, are often having difficulties in choosing the right statistical analysis for their study. Inappropriate analysis may produce misleading results at the end of the study. Hence, mySTATS Tracker was created as an alternative tool to assist the researcher in determining the right statistical analysis. The aim of this study was to gauge the effectiveness of using mySTATS Tracker in identifying the most appropriate statistical analysis based on the supplied input. In addition, this study intended to determine whether there was significant difference in score based on gender and faculties. The difference in the perception towards the usefulness and effectiveness of this application based on faculties was also investigated. A sample of 55 undergraduate students with various background have participated in this study. The sample of students were asked to answer a set of questions with (posttest) and without (pre-test) using mySTATS Tracker. Then, the score obtained was recorded and analysed. Gap analysis and Independent t-test were applied in achieving the objectives of the study. The results showed that there was a significant difference in scores between pre-test and post-test, p < 0.05. It could be concluded that the users scored significantly higher and answered the questions in a significantly shorter time using mySTATS Tracker compared to without using it. The study also found that there was a significant difference in score based on gender and faculties, p < 0.05. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in the perception of the usefulness and effectiveness of this application based on respective faculties. In overall, mySTATS Tracker has received a positive feedback from the potential users. This study has proven that mySTATS Tracker is a good alternative solution in suggesting the right statistical analysis to the users
  16. Two-dimensional modeling of water distribution under Capillary Wick Irrigation System
    Hadi Hamaaziz Muhammed, Mohammad Abdul Mojid, Ruediger Anlauf, Mohd Amin Mohd Soom, Rowshon, Md Kamal
    Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2019;27(1):205-223.
    MyJurnal
    Competition for limited available water for crop production is an ever-increasing issue for
    farmers due to increasing demand of irrigation water worldwide. Due to high energy cost
    in operating pressurized irrigation systems, energy-efficient low-pressure wick irrigation
    systems can play important roles for smallholder greenhouse crop production by ensuring
    higher water use efficiency than most traditional approaches. The objectives of this study
    were to investigate HYDRUS 2D-simulated water distribution patterns in soil and soilless
    growing media, and to evaluate water balance in these media under capillary wick irrigation
    system. To accomplish these objectives, eggplants (Solanum melongena L.) were grown
    in potted peatgro and sandy clay loam in a greenhouse experiment, water distribution was
    simulated by using HYDRUS 2D software package and compared with the measured
    values, and water uptake by the plant roots was determined for water balance calculation.
    The wetting pattern was found axially symmetric in both growing media (peatgro and
    soil) under the wick emitters. The simulated
    water distribution in both growing media
    revealed dependency of spatial extent of the
    wetted zone on water application period and
    hydraulic properties of the media. The mean
    absolute error (MAE) in water content over
    depth varied from 0.04 to 0.10 m3 m−3 and the root mean square error (RMSE) varied from 0.04 to 0.11 m3 m−3. Deviations between the
    measured and simulated water contents in the peatgro medium were larger over depth than
    over lateral distance. In contrast, the model criteria matched well for the sandy clay loam
    and provided MAE of 0.01 to 0.02 m3 m−3 and RMSE of 0.01 to 0.03 m3 m−3, indicating
    good agreement between the measured and simulated water contents.
  17. Understanding pore formation and structural deformation in carbon spheres during KOH activation
    Mohammed Salisu Musa, Mohd Marsin Sanagi, Wan Aini Wan Ibrahim, Hadi Nur
    Sains Malaysiana, 2015;44:613-618.
    Carbon spheres (CSs) were synthesized from sucrose by hydrothermal reaction. The synthesized materials were further
    activated with potassium hydroxide (KOH) at different concentrations. The effects of KOH concentration on the surface area
    and morphology were investigated. The route for pore formation and structural deformation in carbon spheres during
    activation has been proposed and discussed based on micrographs and porosity trends. It was suggested that the pore
    formation and structural deformation phenomena were due to the intercalating power of energized K+ into the carbon.
    This work provides an insight of the pore formation in carbon spheres for the development of adsorbents as well as for
    the understanding of the structural deformation of such materials at higher KOH concentrations.
  18. Fulltext Facies analysis of the uppermost Kubang Pasu Formation, Perlis: A wave-and storm-influenced coastal depositional system
    Meor Hakif Amir Hassan, Yeow Boon Sim, Lee Chai Peng, Abdul Hadi Abdul Rahman
    Sains Malaysiana, 2013;42:1091-1100.
    A detailed sedimentological study and facies analysis of the Permian age, uppermost succession of the Kubang Pasu Formation in Perlis was conducted in order to reconstruct the palaeo-depositional environment. Four stratigraphic sections of the uppermost Kubang Pasu Formation were logged at Bukit Chondong and Bukit Tungku Lembu, Perlis. The sections were divided into facies based on lithology and sedimentary structures. Large scale patterns in the form of facies associations and facies successions were also identified. The uppermost Kubang Pasu Formation can be divided into several coarsening upward facies successions. Each facies succession grades upward from an offshore facies association (FA1) composed of bioturbated mudstone and minor thin sandstone, into a distal lower shoreface facies association (FA 2) composed primarily of mudstone interbedded with hummocky cross-stratified sandstone (HCS) and finally a proximal lower shoreface facies association (FA 3) composed of amalgamated hummocky cross-stratified sandstone beds. The facies succession is interpreted as representing a wave- and storm-influenced coastal depositional environment. The gradual transition from siliciclastics to carbonates is probably related to post rift thermal subsidence and tectonic quiescence due to separation of Sibumasu from Gondwana during the Permian.
  19. Condition index of meretrix lyrata (sowerby 1851) and its relationship with water parameter in Sarawak
    Hadi Hamli, Mohd Hanafi Idris, Amy Halimah Rajaee, Abu Hena Mustafa Kamal, Mohammad Nesarul Hoque
    Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:545-551.
    Condition Index (CI) was used to estimate the reproductive biology cycle of the hard clam Meretrix lyrata based on dry
    body weight and shell weight. High CI value was observed due to the increase in the body weight of the hard clam that
    corresponding to the maturity stage and early spawning. The CI value of M. lyrata from Buntal Village, Kuching, Sarawak
    showed three highest peaks during the 12-month study on May and October 2013 and March 2014. The lowest CI values
    were obtained in September and November 2013 and April 2014. Ammonia nitrogen was the only water parameter that
    significantly correlated to the CI values. The CI application is important to estimate the maturity of hard clam gonad
    to facilitate conservation activity through the hard clam harvesting out of the gonad maturation and spawning period.
  20. Growth conditions of graphene grown in chemical vapour deposition (CVD)
    Mohamad Shukri Sirat, Edhuan Ismail, Hadi Purwanto, Mohd Hanafi Ani, Mohd Asyadi Azam Mohd Abid
    Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:1033-1038.
    The fabrication of high quality graphene has become the main interest in current chemical vapour deposition (CVD) method due to the scalability for mass production of graphene-based electronic devices. The quality of graphene is determined by defect density, number of layers and properties changed such as electron mobility, transparency and conductivity as compared to the pristine graphene. Here, we did a study on the effects of reaction conditions such as methane, CH4 concentration and deposition time towards the quality of graphene produced. We found that by lowering both CH4 concentration down to 20% and deposition time to 5 min, a better quality graphene was produced with higher I2D/IG ratio of 0.82 compared to other reaction condition. Through the analysis, we concluded that there are two important parameters to be controlled to obtain high quality graphene.
Related Terms
Filters
Contact Us

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links