Displaying publications 121 - 140 of 152 in total

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  1. Zhao Z, Gao Y, Sui W, Zhang Z, Feng L, Wang Z, et al.
    BMJ Open, 2024 Aug 17;14(8):e081485.
    PMID: 39153776 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-081485
    OBJECTIVES: To seek a triple combination of biomarkers for early diagnosis of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone metabolic disorder and to explore the diagnostic efficacy of β2-microglobulin, parathyroid hormone and blood urea nitrogen in chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone metabolic disorder.

    PARTICIPANTS: We collected medical records of 864 patients with chronic kidney disease (without direct contact with patients) and divided them into two groups based on the renal bone disease manifestations of all patients.

    PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: There were 148 and 716 subjects in the Chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone metabolic disorder and the control groups, respectively. The aggregated data included basic information and various clinical laboratory indicators, such as blood lipid profile, antibody and electrolyte levels, along with renal function-related indicators.

    RESULTS: It was observed that most renal osteopathy occurs in the later stages of chronic kidney disease. In the comparison of two clinical laboratory indicators, 16 factors were selected for curve analysis and compared. We discovered that factors with high diagnostic values were β2-microglobulin, parathyroid hormone and blood urea nitrogen.

    CONCLUSIONS: The triple combination of β2-microglobulin+parathyroid hormone+blood urea nitrogen indicators can play the crucial role of a sensitive indicator for the early diagnosis of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone metabolic disorder and in preventing or delaying the progress of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone metabolic disorder.

    Matched MeSH terms: Early Diagnosis
  2. Mohamed Ismail NA, Abd Rahman R, Abd Wahab N, Muhammad R, Nor Azmi K
    Malays J Med Sci, 2012 Jan;19(1):65-8.
    PMID: 22977377 MyJurnal
    Pheochromocytoma during pregnancy is potentially disastrous to the mother and fetus. Its ambiguous presentation is often mistaken for pre-eclampsia, although it may imitate other problems during pregnancy. Early diagnosis and timely, appropriate management reduces possible maternal and fetal complications. We identified a case of pheochromocytoma during pregnancy; the condition was initially diagnosed as pre-eclampsia complicated with gestational diabetes. Surgical intervention via left adrenalectomy was successfully performed in the second trimester. After surgery, all of the patient's medical problems nearly subsided and she did not require further treatment. However, her fetus displayed restricted intrauterine growth, and the patient eventually had premature delivery via a caesarean section. A multidisciplinary team to identify and treat pheochromocytoma is mandatory to ensure optimal conditions for tumour removal and to anticipate any possible catastrophic events.
    Matched MeSH terms: Early Diagnosis
  3. Lee WS
    J Paediatr Child Health, 2008 Jan;44(1-2):57-61.
    PMID: 17640283
    To study factors leading to delayed referral in neonatal cholestasis at a tertiary centre in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Early Diagnosis*
  4. Shan LP, Bee OF, Suniza SS, Adeeb N
    Sex Reprod Healthc, 2011 Apr;2(2):77-82.
    PMID: 21439525 DOI: 10.1016/j.srhc.2010.11.004
    BACKGROUND: Osteoporotic fracture is a major health burden. Early diagnosis and management would improve the quality of life and reduce costs to the society.
    OBJECTIVE: We aimed to identify risk factors associated with osteoporosis followed by development and validation of a screening tool in the hope of providing an appropriate regime to detect low bone density (BMD) in Malaysia.
    METHODOLOGY: Between November 1999 and November 2002, 514 healthy women aged ≥ 45 with intact uterus, non-HRT users were recruited. Following BMD testing, a screening tool was developed. For validation, 72 women were recruited from June 2003 to December 2003.
    RESULTS: Age and a longer duration postmenopause were negatively linked to BMD. Higher family income, BMI, waist and hip circumference were positively correlated. A score of ≥ 4, the screening tool had a sensitivity of 73.2%, a specificity of 61.6% for identifying women with low BMD (T score ≤ -2) plus a sensitivity of 80.2% in selecting women with osteoporosis. The tool enabled a 45.9% reduction in unnecessary DEXA testing. Validation of the screening tool showed a negative predictive value of 97.8%, sensitivity and specificity of 87.5% and 70.3%, respectively.
    CONCLUSION: The Malaysian Osteoporosis Screening Tool (MOST) is relatively simple. Its usage may reduce unnecessary DEXA test.
    Matched MeSH terms: Early Diagnosis
  5. Wan Jamaludin WF, Periyasamy P, Wan Mat WR, Abdul Wahid SF
    J Clin Virol, 2015 Aug;69:91-5.
    PMID: 26209387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.06.004
    Infection associated hemophagocytic syndrome is increasingly recognized as a potentially fatal complication of dengue fever. It should be suspected with prolonged fever beyond seven days associated with hepatosplenomegaly, hyperferritinemia, worsening cytopenias and development of multiorgan dysfunction. Surge of similar pro-inflammatory cytokines observed in dengue associated hemophagocytic syndrome and multiorgan dysfunction may indicate they are part of related inflammatory spectrum. A proportion of patients recovered with supportive therapy, however most required interventions with corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin or chemotherapy. We report three cases of dengue associated IAHS with good outcome following early recognition and treatment with dexamethasone and intravenous immunoglobulin.
    Matched MeSH terms: Early Diagnosis
  6. Kho SS, Chan SK, Yong MC, Cheah HM, Lee YG, Tie ST
    Respir Investig, 2020 Sep;58(5):367-375.
    PMID: 32107195 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2020.01.004
    BACKGROUND: Tuberculous pleural effusions (TBEs) and parapneumonic pleural effusion (PPEs) have similar clinical presentations and fluid biochemistry. A pleural biopsy is usually required to diagnose TBE but complete fluid evacuation may not be necessary, contrasting with complicated PPE (CPPE). A point-of-care test that distinguishes between TBE and CPPE enables the appropriate procedures to be performed during the initial diagnostic thoracentesis. Lactate is a metabolic product measurable by a blood-gas analyzer. This study measured pleural fluid (Pf) lactate levels in TBE and compared them with those in PPE/CPPE. We hypothesized that Pf lactate would be significantly higher in PPE because of active metabolic activities than in TBE which is driven by delayed hypersensitivity.

    METHODS: All patients undergoing an initial diagnostic thoracentesis over 18 months with Pf lactate measured using a calibrated point-of-care blood gas analyzer were assessed.

    RESULTS: The diagnoses of the enrolled patients (n = 170) included TBE (n = 49), PPE (n = 47), malignancy (n = 63), and transudate (n = 11). Pf lactate level in TBE, median 3.70 (inter-quartile range 2.65-4.90) mmol/l, was significantly lower than in PPE and CPPE. In the subgroup of TBE and CPPE patients whose initial Pf pH and glucose could suggest either condition, Pf lactate was significantly higher in those with CPPE. Pf lactate (cutoff ≥7.25 mmol/l) had a sensitivity of 79.3%, specificity 100%, positive predictive value 100%, and negative predictive value 89.1% for discriminating CPPE from TBE (area under the curve 0.947, p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Early Diagnosis
  7. McGloughlin S, Richards GA, Nor MBM, Prayag S, Baker T, Amin P
    J Crit Care, 2018 08;46:115-118.
    PMID: 29310974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2017.12.018
    Sepsis and septic shock in the tropics are caused by a wide array of organisms. These infections are encountered mainly in low and middle-income countries (LMIC) where a lack of infrastructure and medical facilities contribute to the high morbidity and mortality. Published sepsis guidelines are based on studies primarily performed in high income countries and as such recommendations may or may not be relevant to practice in the tropics. Failure to adhere to guidelines, particularly among non-intensive care specialists even in high-income countries, is an area of concern for sepsis management. Additionally, inappropriate use of antimicrobials has led to significant antimicrobial resistance. Access to rapid, low-cost, and accurate diagnostic tests is critical in countries where tropical diseases are prevalent to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment. Implementation of performance improvement programs may improve outcomes for patients with sepsis and the addition of resuscitation and treatment bundles may further reduce mortality. Associated co-morbidities such as malnutrition and HIV influence outcomes and must be considered.
    Matched MeSH terms: Early Diagnosis
  8. Tan TL, Ahmad NS, Nasuruddin DN, Ithnin A, Tajul Arifin K, Zaini IZ, et al.
    PLoS One, 2016;11(3):e0152065.
    PMID: 27003588 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152065
    INTRODUCTION: Early diagnosis of sepsis and bacterial infection is imperative as treatment relies on early antibiotic administration. There is a need to develop new biomarkers to detect patients with sepsis and bacterial infection as early as possible, thereby enabling prompt antibiotic treatment and improving the survival rate.

    METHODS: Fifty-one adult patients with suspected bacterial sepsis on admission to the Emergency Department (ED) of a teaching hospital were included into the study. All relevant cultures and serology tests were performed. Serum levels for Group II Secretory Phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIA) and CD64 were subsequently analyzed.

    RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Sepsis was confirmed in 42 patients from a total of 51 recruited subjects. Twenty-one patients had culture-confirmed bacterial infections. Both biomarkers were shown to be good in distinguishing sepsis from non-sepsis groups. CD64 and sPLA2-IIA also demonstrated a strong correlation with early sepsis diagnosis in adults. The area under the curve (AUC) of both Receiver Operating Characteristic curves showed that sPLA2-IIA was better than CD64 (AUC = 0.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.83-0.97 and AUC = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.82-0.99, respectively). The optimum cutoff value was 2.13μg/l for sPLA2-IIA (sensitivity = 91%, specificity = 78%) and 45 antigen bound cell (abc) for CD64 (sensitivity = 81%, specificity = 89%). In diagnosing bacterial infections, sPLA2-IIA showed superiority over CD64 (AUC = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.85-0.96, and AUC = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.93-1.00, respectively). The optimum cutoff value for bacterial infection was 5.63μg/l for sPLA2-IIA (sensitivity = 94%, specificity = 94%) and 46abc for CD64 (sensitivity = 94%, specificity = 83%).

    CONCLUSIONS: sPLA2-IIA showed superior performance in sepsis and bacterial infection diagnosis compared to CD64. sPLA2-IIA appears to be an excellent biomarker for sepsis screening and for diagnosing bacterial infections, whereas CD64 could be used for screening bacterial infections. Both biomarkers either alone or in combination with other markers may assist in decision making for early antimicrobial administration. We recommend incorporating sPLA2-IIA and CD64 into the diagnostic algorithm of sepsis in ED.

    Matched MeSH terms: Early Diagnosis
  9. Ngim CF, Lee MY, Othman N, Lim SM, Ng CS, Ramadas A
    Hemoglobin, 2019 Mar;43(2):95-100.
    PMID: 31179787 DOI: 10.1080/03630269.2019.1599906
    We explored the severity and risk factors for cardiac and liver iron overload (IOL) in 69 thalassemia patients who underwent T2* magnetic resonance imaging (T2* MRI) in a Malaysian tertiary hospital from 2011 to 2015. Fifty-three patients (76.8%) had transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) and 16 (23.2%) had non transfusion-dependent thalassemia (NTDT). Median serum ferritin prior to T2* MRI was 3848.0 μg/L (TDT) and 3971.0 μg/L (NTDT). Cardiac IOL was present in 16 (30.2%) TDT patients and two (12.5%) NTDT patients, in whom severe cardiac IOL defined as T2* <10 ms affected six (11.3%) TDT patients. Liver IOL was present in 51 (96.2%) TDT and 16 (100%) NTDT patients, 37 (69.8%) TDT and 13 (81.3%) NTDT patients were in the most severe category (>15 mgFe/gm dry weight). Serum ferritin showed a significantly strong negative correlation with liver T2* in both TDT (rs = -0.507, p = 0.001) and NTDT (r = -0.762, p = 0.002) but no correlation to cardiac T2* in TDT (r = -0.252, p = 0.099) as well as NTDT (r = -0.457, p = 0.100). For the TDT group, regression analysis showed that cardiac IOL was more severe in males (p = 0.022) and liver IOL was more severe in the Malay ethnic group (p = 0.028) and those with higher serum ferritin levels (p = 0.030). The high prevalence of IOL in our study and the poor correlation between serum ferritin and cardiac T2* underline the need to routinely screen thalassemia patients using T2* MRI to enable the early detection of cardiac IOL.
    Matched MeSH terms: Early Diagnosis
  10. Ahmad WA, Khanom M, Yaakob ZH
    Int J Clin Pract, 2011 Aug;65(8):848-51.
    PMID: 21762308 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2011.02714.x
    The treatment of heart failure in pregnant women is more difficult than in non-pregnant women, and should always involve a multidisciplinary team approach. Knowledge required includes hemodynamic changes in pregnancy and the resultant effect on women with pre-existing or pregnancy-related cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular drugs in pregnancy, ethical issues and challenges regarding saving mother and baby. In addition, women having high risk cardiac lesions should be counselled strongly against pregnancy and followed up regularly. Pregnancy with heart failure is an important issue, demanding more comprehensive studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Early Diagnosis
  11. Fry SR, Meyer M, Semple MG, Simmons CP, Sekaran SD, Huang JX, et al.
    PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2011 Jun;5(6):e1199.
    PMID: 21713023 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001199
    BACKGROUND: Serological tests for IgM and IgG are routinely used in clinical laboratories for the rapid diagnosis of dengue and can differentiate between primary and secondary infections. Dengue virus non-structural protein 1 (NS1) has been identified as an early marker for acute dengue, and is typically present between days 1-9 post-onset of illness but following seroconversion it can be difficult to detect in serum.
    AIMS: To evaluate the performance of a newly developed Panbio® Dengue Early Rapid test for NS1 and determine if it can improve diagnostic sensitivity when used in combination with a commercial IgM/IgG rapid test.
    METHODOLOGY: The clinical performance of the Dengue Early Rapid was evaluated in a retrospective study in Vietnam with 198 acute laboratory-confirmed positive and 100 negative samples. The performance of the Dengue Early Rapid in combination with the IgM/IgG Rapid test was also evaluated in Malaysia with 263 laboratory-confirmed positive and 30 negative samples.
    KEY RESULTS: In Vietnam the sensitivity and specificity of the test was 69.2% (95% CI: 62.8% to 75.6%) and 96% (95% CI: 92.2% to 99.8) respectively. In Malaysia the performance was similar with 68.9% sensitivity (95% CI: 61.8% to 76.1%) and 96.7% specificity (95% CI: 82.8% to 99.9%) compared to RT-PCR. Importantly, when the Dengue Early Rapid test was used in combination with the IgM/IgG test the sensitivity increased to 93.0%. When the two tests were compared at each day post-onset of illness there was clear differentiation between the antigen and antibody markers.
    CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights that using dengue NS1 antigen detection in combination with anti-glycoprotein E IgM and IgG serology can significantly increase the sensitivity of acute dengue diagnosis and extends the possible window of detection to include very early acute samples and enhances the clinical utility of rapid immunochromatographic testing for dengue.
    Matched MeSH terms: Early Diagnosis
  12. Hamid SS, Cheah SH
    Hybridoma (Larchmt), 2011 Apr;30(2):137-43.
    PMID: 21529286 DOI: 10.1089/hyb.2010.0091
    Breast mucin is secreted by breast tumor cells and serves as a marker for breast cancer. Thus, antibodies against breast mucin will be valuable in the development of immunotherapy and laboratory diagnostic tests. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against breast cancer-associated antigen were generated and characterized. Balb/c mice were immunized with breast cancer-associated antigen CA15-3, and subsequently splenocytes from immunized mice were fused with myeloma cells. After fusion, culture supernatants from hybridomas surviving HAT medium were screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A total of eight hybridomas producing MAbs against breast cancer showed significant levels of antibody activity against CA15-3. Two selected stable hybridomas were adapted into CELLine CL 350 bioreactors, and the MAbs produced were characterized for their subclass, specificity, and affinity. The MAbs were of high specificity and affinity as shown by ELISA. The MAbs produced may represent a powerful tool and are considered promising reagents for use in diagnosis and detection of early stage of the disease.
    Matched MeSH terms: Early Diagnosis
  13. Loh LC, Codati A, Jamil M, Noor ZM, Vijayasingham P
    Med J Malaysia, 2005 Aug;60(3):314-9.
    PMID: 16379186
    Delay in commencing treatment in patients diagnosed with smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) may promote the spread of PTB in the community. Socio-demographic and clinical data from 169 patients (119 retrospectively and 50 prospectively collected) treated for smear-positive PTB in our hospital Chest Clinic from June 2002 to February 2003 were analysed. One hundred and fifty eight (93.5%) patients were started on treatment in less than 7 days from the time when the report first became available while 11 (6.5%) patients had their treatment started > or = 7 days. The median 'discovery to treatment' window was 1 day (range, 0 to 24 days). Of the factors studied, longevity of symptoms, absence of fever or night sweats and having sought traditional medicine were associated with delay in treatment commencement. The urgency and importance of anti-TB treatment should be emphasized especially to patients who are inclined towards treatment with traditional medicine.
    Keywords: Smear positive, pulmonary tuberculosis, treatment delay, traditional medicine, Malaysia, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan
    Matched MeSH terms: Early Diagnosis
  14. Chan EW, Chiang PP, Wong TY, Saw SM, Loon SC, Aung T, et al.
    Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2013 Feb;54(2):1169-75.
    PMID: 23341009 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.12-10258
    We determined the impact of glaucoma severity and laterality on vision-specific functioning (VF) in an Asian population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Early Diagnosis
  15. Ng SC, Zeng Z, Niewiadomski O, Tang W, Bell S, Kamm MA, et al.
    Gastroenterology, 2016 Jan;150(1):86-95.e3; quiz e13-4.
    PMID: 26385074 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.09.005
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing in Asia, but little is known about disease progression in this region. The Asia-Pacific Crohn's and Colitis Epidemiology Study was initiated in 2011, enrolling subjects from 8 countries in Asia (China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Macau, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand) and Australia. We present data from this ongoing study.
    METHODS: We collected data on 413 patients diagnosed with IBD (222 with ulcerative colitis [UC], 181 with Crohn's disease [CD], 10 with IBD unclassified; median age, 37 y) from 2011 through 2013. We analyzed the disease course and severity and mortality. Risks for medical and surgical therapies were assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis.
    RESULTS: The cumulative probability that CD would change from inflammatory to stricturing or penetrating disease was 19.6%. The cumulative probabilities for use of immunosuppressants or anti-tumor necrosis factor agents were 58.9% and 12.0% for patients with CD, and 12.7% and 0.9% for patients with UC, respectively. Perianal CD was associated with an increased risk of anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy within 1 year of its diagnosis (hazard ratio, 2.97; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-8.09). The cumulative probabilities for surgery 1 year after diagnosis were 9.1% for patients with CD and 0.9% for patients with UC. Patients with CD and penetrating disease had a 7-fold increase for risk of surgery, compared with patients with inflammatory disease (hazard ratio, 7.67; 95% confidence interval, 3.93-14.96). The overall mortality for patients with IBD was 0.7%.
    CONCLUSIONS: In a prospective population-based study, we found that the early course of disease in patients with IBD in Asia was comparable with that of the West. Patients with CD frequently progress to complicated disease and have accelerated use of immunosuppressants. Few patients with early stage UC undergo surgery in Asia. Increasing our understanding of IBD progression in different populations can help optimize therapy and improve outcomes.
    KEYWORDS: ACCESS; Natural History; Risk Factor; Treatment
    Matched MeSH terms: Early Diagnosis
  16. Jayalakshmi P
    Malays J Pathol, 1994 Jun;16(1):7-9.
    PMID: 16329568
    Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease and is still a public health problem in Malaysia. In 1926, the Leper Enactment Act was established which required compulsory notification and isolation of leprosy patients. As a result, the National Leprosy Control Centre (NLCC) was built in Sungai Buloh, Selangor. In 1969, the National Leprosy Control programme was launched with the objective of early case finding and decentralisation of treatment of leprosy. The treatment of leprosy patients is integrated with basic Medical and Health services in Malaysia. With the implementation of multiple drug therapy in 1985, the National prevalence rate of leprosy has reduced from 5.7 per 10,000 in 1983 to 1.7 per 10,000 in 1992. The Research Unit in NLCC was established in 1950, where cultivation of Mycobacterium leprae using mouse foot-pad technique is done. This technique is used for assessment of efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents in leprosy. Research activites are also done in collaboration with the Institute for Medical Research in Kuala Lumpur such as isolation of Mycobacterium leprae antigen using T cell clones and phenolic glycolipid antigen.
    Matched MeSH terms: Early Diagnosis
  17. Nur Hidayah Bahrom, Anis Safura Ramli, Nor Suraya Samsudin, Norliana Dalila Mohamad Ali, Nor Salmah Bakar
    MyJurnal
    This is a case of a 62-year-old Indian man who was diagnosed with a rare type of lung
    neuroendocrine tumour (NET) of atypical carcinoid (AC) subtype which comprises only 0.1%–
    0.2% of pulmonary neoplasms. He initially presented to a private hospital in May 2018 with a
    6-month history of chronic productive cough and haemoptysis. Chest X-Ray (CXR), CT scan,
    bronchoscopy, biopsy and broncho-alveolar lavage were conducted. At this stage, imaging and
    histopathological investigations were negative for malignancy. Diagnosis of bronchiectasis was
    made and he was treated with antibiotic and tranexamic acid. Due to financial difficulties, his
    care was transferred to a university respiratory clinic in June 2018. His condition was monitored
    with CXR at every visit and treatment with tranexamic acid was continued for 6 months.
    However, due to persistent haemoptysis, he presented to the university primary care clinic in
    Dec 2018. Investigations were repeated in January 2019 where his CXR showed increased
    opacity of the left retrocardiac region and CT scan revealed a left lower lobe endobronchial
    mass causing collapse with mediastinal lymphadenopathy suggestive of malignancy.
    Bronchoscopy, biopsy and histopathology confirmed the presence of NET. Although the Ki-67
    index was low, the mitotic count, presence of necrosis and evidence of liver metastases
    favoured the diagnosis of AC. A positron emission tomography Ga-68 DONATOC scan showed
    evidence of somatostatin receptor avid known primary malignancy in the lungs with suspicions
    of liver metastasis. He was subsequently referred to the oncology team and chemotherapy was
    initiated. This case highlights the challenge in diagnosis and management of patients with AC.
    Physicians ought to be vigilant and have a high index of suspicion in patients who present with
    persistent symptoms on multiple visits. Early diagnosis of NET would prevent metastasis and
    provide better prognosis. Continuous follow-up shared care between primary care and
    secondary care physicians is also essential to provide ongoing psychosocial support for
    patients with NET, especially those with metastatic disease
    Matched MeSH terms: Early Diagnosis
  18. Gabriel S, Rasheed AK, Siddiqui R, Appaturi JN, Fen LB, Khan NA
    Parasitol Res, 2018 Jun;117(6):1801-1811.
    PMID: 29675682 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-5864-0
    Brain-eating amoebae (Acanthamoeba spp., Balamuthia mandrillaris, Naegleria fowleri) have gained increasing attention owing to their capacity to produce severe human and animal infections involving the brain. Early detection is a pre-requisite in successful prognosis. Here, we developed a nanoPCR assay for the rapid detection of brain-eating amoebae using various nanoparticles. Graphene oxide, copper and alumina nanoparticles used in this study were characterized using Raman spectroscopy measurements through excitation with a He-Ne laser, while powder X-ray diffraction patterns were taken on a PANanalytical, X'Pert HighScore diffractometer and the morphology of the materials was confirmed using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Using nanoparticle-assisted PCR, the results revealed that graphene oxide, copper oxide and alumina nanoparticles significantly enhanced PCR efficiency in the detection of pathogenic free-living amoebae using genus-specific probes. The optimal concentration of graphene oxide, copper oxide and alumina nanoparticles for Acanthamoeba spp. was determined at 0.4, 0.04 and 0.4 μg per mL respectively. For B. mandrillaris, the optimal concentration was determined at 0.4 μg per mL for graphene oxide, copper oxide and alumina nanoparticles, and for Naegleria, the optimal concentration was 0.04, 4.0 and 0.04 μg per mL respectively. Moreover, combinations of these nanoparticles proved to further enhance PCR efficiency. The addition of metal oxide nanoparticles leads to excellent surface effect, while thermal conductivity property of the nanoparticles enhances PCR productivity. These findings suggest that nanoPCR assay has tremendous potential in the clinical diagnosis of parasitic infections as well as for studying epidemiology and pathology and environmental monitoring of other microbes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Early Diagnosis
  19. Mohd Azmi UZ, Yusof NA, Kusnin N, Abdullah J, Suraiya S, Ong PS, et al.
    Sensors (Basel), 2018 Nov 14;18(11).
    PMID: 30441776 DOI: 10.3390/s18113926
    A rapid and sensitive sandwich electrochemical immunosensor was developed based on the fabrication of the graphene/polyaniline (GP/PANI) nanocomposite onto screen-printed gold electrode (SPGE) for detection of tuberculosis biomarker 10-kDa culture filtrate protein (CFP10). The prepared GP/PANI nanocomposite was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The chemical bonding and morphology of GP/PANI-modified SPGE were studied by Raman spectroscopy and FESEM coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, respectively. From both studies, it clearly showed that GP/PANI was successfully coated onto SPGE through drop cast technique. Cyclic voltammetry was used to study the electrochemical properties of the modified electrode. The effective surface area for GP/PANI-modified SPGE was enhanced about five times compared with bare SPGE. Differential pulse voltammetry was used to detect the CFP10 antigen. The GP/PANI-modified SPGE that was fortified with sandwich type immunosensor exhibited a wide linear range (20⁻100 ng/mL) with a low detection limit of 15 ng/mL. This proposed electrochemical immunosensor is sensitive, low sample volume, rapid and disposable, which is suitable for tuberculosis detection in real samples.
    Matched MeSH terms: Early Diagnosis
  20. Abdul Majid AH, Zakaria MN, Abdullah NAC, Hamzah S, Mukari SZS
    Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 2017 Oct;101:107-111.
    PMID: 28964278 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2017.07.036
    OBJECTIVE: This paper aims to investigate the effects of perceived attitude and anxiety on awareness of UNHS among caregivers in Malaysia.

    METHODS: Using cross sectional research approach, data were collected and some 46 out of 87 questionnaires distributed to caregivers attending UNHS programs at selected public hospitals were usable for analysis (response rate of 52.8%). Partial Least Squares Method (PLS) algorithm and bootstrapping technique were employed to test the hypotheses of the study.

    RESULTS: R square value is 0.205, and it implies that exogenous latent variables explained 21% of the variance of the endogenous latent variable. This value indicates moderate and acceptable level of R-squared values. Findings from PLS structural model evaluation revealed that anxiety has no significant influence (β = -0.091, t = 0.753, p > 0.10) on caregivers' awareness; but perceived attitude has significant effect (β = -0.444, t = 3.434, p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Early Diagnosis
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