MyMedR

Peripheral transbronchial needle aspiration-guided pinpoint cryobiopsy of lung nodule without bronchus sign: A case report

Kho SS, Nyanti LE, Chai CS, Kho SK, Ismail AM, Voon PJ, et al.

Respir Investig, 2023 Jul;61(4):473-477.

PMID: 37182371 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2023.04.003

Peripheral transbronchial needle aspiration (pTBNA) allows the access of pulmonary nodules without bronchus sign but is limited to cytological examination. A 39-year-old man with left parotid carcinoma presented with an incidental lung nodule. Target localisation was performed with manual airway mapping, virtual bronchoscopic navigation, and pTBNA. Direct target validation using radial endobronchial ultrasound (rEBUS) was performed through the puncture defect. Targeted pinpoint biopsy with a 1.1 mm cryoprobe through the pTBNA puncture defect confirmed metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma. Guided pTBNA with rEBUS validation followed by cryobiopsy of lung nodules without bronchus sign is potentially feasible for histological and molecular analyses.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung/pathology

Delta-radiomics-based models for toxicity prediction in radiotherapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Tan D, Mohamad Salleh SA, Manan HA, Yahya N

J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol, 2023 Aug;67(5):564-579.

PMID: 37309680 DOI: 10.1111/1754-9485.13546

INTRODUCTION: Delta-radiomics models are potentially able to improve the treatment assessment than single-time point features. The purpose of this study is to systematically synthesize the performance of delta-radiomics-based models for radiotherapy (RT)-induced toxicity.

METHODS: A literature search was performed following the PRISMA guidelines. Systematic searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane and Embase databases in October 2022. Retrospective and prospective studies on the delta-radiomics model for RT-induced toxicity were included based on predefined PICOS criteria. A random-effect meta-analysis of AUC was performed on the performance of delta-radiomics models, and a comparison with non-delta radiomics models was included.

RESULTS: Of the 563 articles retrieved, 13 selected studies of RT-treated patients on different types of cancer (HNC = 571, NPC = 186, NSCLC = 165, oesophagus = 106, prostate = 33, OPC = 21) were eligible for inclusion in the systematic review. Included studies show that morphological and dosimetric features may improve the predictive model performance for the selected toxicity. Four studies that reported both delta and non-delta radiomics features with AUC were included in the meta-analysis. The AUC random effects estimate for delta and non-delta radiomics models were 0.80 and 0.78 with heterogeneity, I2 of 73% and 27% respectively.

CONCLUSION: Delta-radiomics-based models were found to be promising predictors of predefined end points. Future studies should consider using standardized methods and radiomics features and external validation to the reviewed delta-radiomics model.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Neoplasms*

Genetically engineered human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells expressing human interleukin-12 and in vitro growth inhibition against lung adenocarcinoma cells

Goh JJ, Ong HT, Lee BS, Teoh HK

Malays J Pathol, 2023 Aug;45(2):247-259.

PMID: 37658534

INTRODUCTION: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are promising vehicles for cancer therapy due to their homing ability and potency to be genetically manipulated through either viral or non-viral methods. Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is one of the key immunomodulatory cytokines which has anti-tumour effect. However, systemic administration of the cytokine at therapeutic dosage can cause serious toxicity in the host system due to the high systemic level of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) induced.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the in vitro growth inhibition of genetically engineered human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hUCMSC) expressing IL-12 on H1975 human lung adenocarcinoma cells.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Both adenoviral method and electroporation which used to generate hUCMSC-IL12 were compared. The method with better outcome was selected to generate hUCMSC-IL12 for the co-culture experiment with H1975 or MRC-5 cells. Characterisation of hUCMSC and hUCMSC-IL12 was performed.

RESULTS: Adenoviral method showed superior results in transfection efficiency (63.6%), post-transfection cell viability (82.6%) and hIL-12 protein expression (1.2 x 107 pg/ml) and thus was selected for the downstream experiments. Subsequently, hUCMSC-IL12 showed significant inhibition effect on H1975 cells after 5 days of co-culture. No significant difference was observed for all other co-culture groups, indicating that the inhibition effect was because of hIL-12. Lastly, the integrity of hUCMSC-IL12 remained unaffected by the transduction through examination of their surface markers and differentiation properties.

CONCLUSION: This study provided proof of concept that hUCMSC can be genetically engineered to express hIL-12 which exerts direct growth inhibition effect on human lung adenocarcinoma cells.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Neoplasms*

Fulltext Case Report of a Pituitary Metastasis from Lung Adenocarcinoma Masquerading as Pituitary Adenoma

Rajakumar R, Rahmatullah IH, Rahim AA

J ASEAN Fed Endocr Soc, 2020;35(1):133-136.

PMID: 33442183 DOI: 10.15605/jafes.035.01.24

Metastasis to the pituitary gland is an unusual situation in clinical practice and is typically observed in those with underlying malignancy with breast and lung being the commonest primary site. However, we report a case of an apparently well 49-year-old female with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma who presented with visual disturbance and diabetes insipidus related to pituitary metastasis as an initial presentation.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung; Lung Neoplasms

Controlled release of doxorubicin from electrospun PEO/chitosan/graphene oxide nanocomposite nanofibrous scaffolds

Ardeshirzadeh B, Anaraki NA, Irani M, Rad LR, Shamshiri S

Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl, 2015 Mar;48:384-90.

PMID: 25579938 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.12.039

Polyethylene oxide (PEO)/chitosan (CS)/graphene oxide (GO) electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds were successfully developed via electrospinning process for controlled release of doxorubicin (DOX). The SEM analysis of nanofibrous scaffolds with different contents of GO (0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 0.7wt.%) indicated that the minimum diameter of nanofibers was found to be 85nm for PEO/CS/GO 0.5% nanofibers. The π-π stacking interaction between DOX and GO with fine pores of nanofibrous scaffolds exhibited higher drug loading (98%) and controlled release of the DOX loaded PEO/CS/GO nanofibers. The results of DOX release from nanofibrous scaffolds at pH5.3 and 7.4 indicated strong pH dependence. The hydrogen bonding interaction between GO and DOX could be unstable under acidic conditions which resulted in faster drug release rate in pH5.3. The cell viability results indicated that DOX loaded PEO/CS/GO/DOX nanofibrous scaffold could be used as an alternative source of DOX compared with free DOX to avoid the side effects of free DOX. Thus, the prepared nanofibrous scaffold offers as a novel formulation for treatment of lung cancer.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy*; Lung Neoplasms/metabolism; Lung Neoplasms/pathology

Fulltext EGFR mutations in Asian patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma

Liam CK, Pang YK, Poh ME

J Thorac Oncol, 2014 Sep;9(9):e70-1.

PMID: 25122441 DOI: 10.1097/JTO.0000000000000251

Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics*; Lung Neoplasms/genetics*

Fulltext Draft Genome Sequence of Quorum-Sensing and Quorum-Quenching Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strain MW3a

Chan KG, Wong CS, Yin WF, Chan XY

Genome Announc, 2014;2(2).

PMID: 24744329 DOI: 10.1128/genomeA.00258-14

Pseudomonas aeruginosa has a broad range of habitation, from aquatic environments to human lungs. The coexistence of quorum-sensing and quorum-quenching activities occurs in P. aeruginosa strain MW3a. In this work, we present the draft genome sequence of P. aeruginosa MW3a, an interesting bacterium isolated from a marine environment.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung

Fulltext eComment. Computed tomography surveillance of lung cancer survivors: the jury is still out

Sachithanandan A

Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg, 2012 Nov;15(5):898-9.

PMID: 23100555 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivs384

Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/surgery*; Lung Neoplasms/surgery*

Fulltext Sclerosing haemangioma of the lung - an unusual multifocal presentation

Rosliza G, Hairulfaizi H, Joanna OS, Zamrin DM, Ramzisham AR

Med J Malaysia, 2010 Jun;65(2):146-7.

PMID: 23756801

We present a rare case of a multifocal sclerosing haemangioma of the lung in a 49-year-old lady. A left pneumonectomy with complete excision of the tumour seems to be the curative treatment. The recent literature on this unusual presentation is reviewed.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Neoplasms

Fulltext Respiratory clinics: cough and melena in a 60-year-old man

Khajotia R, Ng C

Malays Fam Physician, 2010;5(1):44-5.

PMID: 25606186

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Neoplasms

Fulltext ACTH producing pulmonary carcinoid and pituitary macroadenoma: a fortuitous association?

Wong M, Isa SH, Kamaruddin NA, Khalid BA

Med J Malaysia, 2007 Jun;62(2):168-70.

PMID: 18705457

We report a case of a 45 year-old man who presented initially with a non-functioning pituitary macroadenoma. A routine chest radiography done preoperatively revealed a right lung nodule which was confirmed by computed tomography (CT) of the thorax. Transfrontal hypophysectomy was performed while a conservative approach was taken for the lung nodule. Four years later, he presented acutely with adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) dependent Cushing's syndrome which resolved following a right lobectomy. Histological examination revealed an atypical carcinoid. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of an ectopic ACTH secreting pulmonary carcinoid found in association with a non-functioning pituitary macroadenoma.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Neoplasms/complications; Lung Neoplasms/pathology; Lung Neoplasms/secretion*

Fulltext In Vitro Analysis of Metabolites Secreted during Infection of Lung Epithelial Cells by Cryptococcus neoformans

Liew KL, Jee JM, Yap I, Yong PV

PLoS One, 2016;11(4):e0153356.

PMID: 27054608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153356

Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated basidiomycetous yeast commonly associated with pigeon droppings and soil. The opportunistic pathogen infects humans through the respiratory system and the metabolic implications of C. neoformans infection have yet to be explored. Studying the metabolic profile associated with the infection could lead to the identification of important metabolites associated with pulmonary infection. Therefore, the aim of the study was to simulate cryptococcal infection at the primary site of infection, the lungs, and to identify the metabolic profile and important metabolites associated with the infection at low and high multiplicity of infections (MOI). The culture supernatant of lung epithelial cells infected with C. neoformans at MOI of 10 and 100 over a period of 18 hours were analysed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The metabolic profiles obtained were further analysed using multivariate analysis and the pathway analysis tool, MetaboAnalyst 2.0. Based on the results from the multivariate analyses, ten metabolites were selected as the discriminatory metabolites that were important in both the infection conditions. The pathways affected during early C. neoformans infection of lung epithelial cells were mainly the central carbon metabolism and biosynthesis of amino acids. Infection at a higher MOI led to a perturbance in the β-alanine metabolism and an increase in the secretion of pantothenic acid into the growth media. Pantothenic acid production during yeast infection has not been documented and the β-alanine metabolism as well as the pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis pathways may represent underlying metabolic pathways associated with disease progression. Our study suggested that β-alanine metabolism and the pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis pathways might be the important pathways associated with cryptococcal infection.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Neoplasms/metabolism*; Lung Neoplasms/microbiology; Lung Neoplasms/pathology

Fulltext Multiple bilateral cannon-ball lung metastases from carcinoma of the prostate: orchiedectomy induced remission

Nabi G, Sadiq M

Med J Malaysia, 2002 Mar;57(1):111-3.

PMID: 14569728

A 56-year-old man presented with lower urinary tract obstructive symptoms, hemoptysis and progressive dyspnoea. Digital rectal examination showed an enlarged nodular prostate and a tru-cut biopsy confirmed carcinoma prostate. Chest x-ray showed multiple bilateral cannon ball opacities suggestive of metastases. He underwent bilateral orchidectomy and follow up assessment showed significant clearing of the cannon-ball lesions in the lungs. He remained asymptomatic at follow up that has extended to 8 years.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Neoplasms/radiography; Lung Neoplasms/secondary*; Lung Neoplasms/surgery*

Fulltext Localised nodular pulmonary amyloidosis in a patient with sicca syndrome

Srinivas P, Liam CK, Jayaram G

Med J Malaysia, 2000 Sep;55(3):385-7.

PMID: 11200724

A 52 year old Chinese woman with a 25 year history of sicca syndrome (primary Sjogrens syndrome) was investigated for 3 episodes of haemoptysis. Clinical examination was unremarkable except for the presence of dry eyes and xerostomia. Computed tomography of the chest revealed a lobulated mass in the posterior basal segment of the left lower lobe. Histopathological examination of this resected nodule confirmed the diagnosis of nodular amyloidosis. The normal radiolabelled serum amyloid P component scintigraphy and the absence of monoclonal plasma cell dyscrasia in the bone marrow strongly support the diagnosis of localised nodular pulmonary AL amyloidosis in this patient. Nodular pulmonary amyloidosis can be associated with sicca syndrome and often simulates bronchogenic carcinoma, bronchiectasis or pulmonary tuberculosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/complications*; Lung Diseases/pathology; Lung Diseases/radiography

Fulltext A case of empyema thoracis caused by actinomycosis

Hooi LN, Na BS, Sin KS

Med J Malaysia, 1992 Dec;47(4):311-5.

PMID: 1303486

A female patient who presented with left empyema thoracis caused by Actinomyces odontolyticus is reported. She responded to treatment with penicillin and metronidazole but after 3 weeks developed leucopenia complicated by gram-negative septicaemia. Leucopenia improved rapidly on withdrawal of metronidazole. Treatment was continued with a prolonged course of penicillin and she made an uneventful recovery.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/complications*; Lung Diseases/drug therapy; Lung Diseases/microbiology

Fulltext Intrapulmonary bronchogenic cyst presenting with haemoptysis

Liam CK

Med J Malaysia, 1994 Dec;49(4):404-5.

PMID: 7674976

A 36-year-old man presented with haemoptysis and his admission chest radiograph showed a large thin walled cystic lesion with an air-fluid level in the left lower lobe. The pathological diagnosis of the lesion, which was removed by a left lower lobe resection, was an intrapulmonary bronchogenic cyst.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/complications*; Lung Diseases/pathology; Lung Diseases/surgery

Surgical resection of pulmonary cryptococcomas in the presence of cryptococcal meningitis

Majid AA

J R Coll Surg Edinb, 1989 Dec;34(6):332-3.

PMID: 2628570

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases, Fungal/complications; Lung Diseases, Fungal/radiography; Lung Diseases, Fungal/surgery*

Pulmonary aspergilloma. Case reports from Malaysia

Arianayagam S, Jayalakshmi P, Tuck Soon SH

Mycopathologia, 1986 Mar;93(3):151-3.

PMID: 3520330

Pulmonary aspergilloma is by no means uncommon in Malaysia. The lack of documentation of its occurrence in Malaysia, is mainly due to the lack of clinical awareness, and the absence of facilities for the proper diagnosis of the infection.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases, Fungal/microbiology; Lung Diseases, Fungal/pathology*; Lung Diseases, Fungal/surgery

A DNA based visual and colorimetric aggregation assay for the early growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation by using unmodified gold nanoparticles

Ramanathan S, Gopinath SCB, Arshad MKM, Poopalan P, Anbu P

Mikrochim Acta, 2019 07 18;186(8):546.

PMID: 31321546 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3696-y

A genomic DNA-based colorimetric assay is described for the detection of the early growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation, which is the protruding reason for non-small cell lung cancer. A DNA sequence was designed and immobilized on unmodified gold nanoparticles (GNPs). The formation of the respective duplex indicates the presence of an EGFR mutation. It is accompanied by the aggregation of the GNPs in the presence of monovalent ions, and it indicates the presence of an EGFR mutation. This is accompanied by a color change from red (520 nm) to purple (620 nm). Aggregation was evidenced by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The limit of detection is 313 nM of the mutant target strand. A similar peak shift was observed for 2.5 μM concentrations of wild type target. No significant peak shift was observed with probe and non-complementary DNA. Graphical abstract Schematic representation of high-specific genomic DNA sequence on gold nanoparticle (GNP) aggregation with sodium chloride (NaCl). It illustrates the detection method for EGFR mutation on lung cancer detection. Red and purple colors of tubes represent dispersed and aggregated GNP, respectively.

Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics; Lung Neoplasms/genetics

Fulltext Dermatomyositis Anteceding Lung Adenocarcinoma

Lim JL, Yusof NS, Md Tarekh NA, Abdul Rahman R

Cureus, 2020 Nov 19;12(11):e11580.

PMID: 33364104 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.11580

Dermatomyositis is often presented as paraneoplastic syndrome. The diagnosis of dermatomyositis can prompt clinicians to further investigate the underlying cause, in particular malignancy. This case report illustrates the association of lung adenocarcinoma and dermatomyositis with antecedent presentation of cutaneous and musculoskeletal manifestations, one year prior to the diagnosis of carcinoma.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Neoplasms

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