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  1. Fulltext Exposure to High-Fat Style Diet Induced Renal and Liver Structural Changes, Lipid Accumulation and Inflammation in Intact and Ovariectomized Female Rats
    Sucedaram Y, Johns EJ, Husain R, Abdul Sattar M, H Abdulla M, Nelli G, et al.
    J Inflamm Res, 2021;14:689-710.
    PMID: 33716510 DOI: 10.2147/JIR.S299083
    Purpose: We hypothesized that low estrogen levels aggravate obesity-related complications. Diet-induced obesity can cause distinct pathologies, including impaired glucose tolerance, inflammation, and organ injury that leads to fatty liver and chronic kidney diseases. To test this hypothesis, ovariectomized (OVX) rats were fed a high-fat style diet (HFSD), and we examined structural changes and inflammatory response in the kidney and liver.

    Methods: Sprague-Dawley female rats were ovariectomized or sham-operated and divided into four groups: sham-operated rats fed a normal diet (ND); ovariectomized rats fed a normal diet (OVX-ND); sham-operated rats fed a HFSD; ovariectomized rats fed a high-fat style diet (OVX-HFSD). Mean blood pressure and fasting blood glucose were measured on weeks 0 and 10. The rats were sacrificed 10 weeks after initiation of ND or HFSD, the kidney and liver were harvested for histological, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence studies.

    Results: HFSD-fed rats presented a significantly greater adiposity index compared to their ND counterparts. Liver index, fasting blood glucose and mean blood pressure was increased in OVX-HFSD rats compared to HFSD rats at study terminal. Histological and morphometric studies showed focal interstitial mononuclear cell infiltration in the kidney of HFSD rats with mesangial expansion being greater in the OVX-HFSD rats. Both HFSD fed groups showed increased expressions of renal inflammatory markers, namely TNF-alpha, IL-6 and MCP-1, and infiltrating M1 macrophages with some influence of ovarian hormonal status. HFSD-feeding also caused hepatocellular steatosis which was aggravated in ovariectomized rats fed the same diet. Furthermore, hepatocellular ballooning was observed only in the OVX-HFSD rats. Similarly, HFSD-fed rats showed increased expressions of the inflammatory markers and M1 macrophage infiltration in the liver; however, only IL-6 expression was magnified in the OVX-HFSD.

    Conclusion: Our data suggest that some of the structural changes and inflammatory response in the kidney and liver of rats fed a HFSD are exacerbated by ovariectomy.

    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose
  2. Fulltext In vitro alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase enzyme inhibitory effects of Andrographis paniculata extract and andrographolide
    Subramanian R, Asmawi MZ, Sadikun A
    Acta Biochim. Pol., 2008;55(2):391-8.
    PMID: 18511986
    There has been an enormous interest in the development of alternative medicines for type 2 diabetes, specifically screening for phytochemicals with the ability to delay or prevent glucose absorption. The goal of the present study was to provide in vitro evidence for potential inhibition of alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase enzymes, followed by a confirmatory in vivo study on rats to generate a stronger biochemical rationale for further studies on the ethanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata and andrographolide. The extract showed appreciable alpha-glucosidase inhibitory effect in a concentration-dependent manner (IC(50)=17.2+/-0.15 mg/ml) and a weak alpha-amylase inhibitory activity (IC(50)=50.9+/-0.17 mg/ml). Andrographolide demonstrated a similar (IC(50)=11.0+/-0.28 mg/ml) alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase inhibitory activity (IC(50)=11.3+/-0.29 mg/ml). The positive in vitro enzyme inhibition tests paved way for confirmatory in vivo studies. The in vivo studies demonstrated that A. paniculata extract significantly (P<0.05) reduced peak blood glucose and area under curve in diabetic rats when challenged with oral administration of starch and sucrose. Further, andrographolide also caused a significant (P<0.05) reduction in peak blood glucose and area under the curve in diabetic rats. Hence alpha-glucosidase inhibition may possibly be one of the mechanisms for the A. paniculata extract to exert antidiabetic activity and indicates that AP extract can be considered as a potential candidate for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose/metabolism
  3. The Medicinal Mushroom Ganoderma neo-japonicum (Agaricomycetes) Polysaccharide Extract Prevents Obesity-Induced Diabetes in C57BL/6J Mice
    Subramaniam S, Ong KC, Sabaratnam V, Chua KH, Kuppusamy UR
    Int J Med Mushrooms, 2023;25(4):27-42.
    PMID: 37075082 DOI: 10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2023047595
    Ganoderma neo-japonicum Imazeki is a medicinal mushroom consumed by the indigenous people in Malaysia as a remedy for diabetes. This study aims to validate the efficacy of G. neo-japonicum polysaccharides (GNJP) on obesity-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in C57BL/6J mice. Mice were divided into seven groups; normal diet (ND)-control, high-fat-diet (HFD)-control, HFDGNJP-treated (50, 100, 200 mg/kg b.w.), HFDMET (metformin 50 mg/kg; positive-control) and ND-GNJP (200 mg/kg b.w.). Mice were administered GNJP or metformin orally for 10 weeks (thrice/week) and sacrificed after an oral glucose tolerance test. Body weight, serum biochemicals, liver histology, adipocyte gene expressions, glucose and insulin levels were measured. HFD caused obesity, dyslipidemia, and diabetes in the untreated groups. GNJP (50 mg/kg b.w.) supplementation prevented weight gain and liver steatosis, improved serum lipid profile and glucose tolerance and attenuated hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia more effectively when compared with the other treatment groups. The prevention of obesity and lipid dysregulation is plausibly attributed to the increased hormone-sensitive lipase and reduced Akt-1 and Ppary gene expressions while the up-regulation of AdipoQ (adiponectin), Prkag2 and Slc2a4 genes served to sensitize insulin and improve glucose uptake. Thus, supplementation with an appropriate dose of GNJP has promising efficacies in preventing HFD aka obesity-induced T2DM and associated metabolic abnormalities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose/metabolism
  4. Fulltext Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in metabolic syndrome patients in serdang hospital: quantification by contrast-enhanced computed tomography
    Subapriya Suppiah, Lee, Roy-Ming Chow, Nor Sharmin Sazali, Hasyma Abu Hassan
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2016;12(1):9-18.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is one of the end organ damage detected
    in patients having metabolic syndrome X and it can lead to chronic liver failure. Therefore, it is
    important to be able to assess the condition in a quantifiable manner to help clinicians recognize
    and treat this disease. Objective: We aimed to determine the prevalence of NAFLD in patients with
    metabolic syndrome in Serdang Hospital, Malaysia using contrast-enhanced multidetector computed
    tomography (CECT) abdominal scan. The study also aimed to calculate the quantification of NAFLD
    using liver to spleen density CT Hounsfield Unit ratio, CTL/S or CTL/S measurement using abdominal
    CECT scans. Furthermore, we aimed to verify the correlation of dyslipidemia with NAFLD based on
    the CTL/S parameter. Materials and Method: We conducted a cross-sectional retrospective study in
    Hospital Serdang, Malaysia using data from January 2012 to December 2013. The sample size was 279
    patients with metabolic syndrome who had undergone CECT abdominal scan. Patient demographics
    were descriptively analysed. Spearman’s correlation test was used to look for association among lipid
    profile, blood sugar level and CTL/S ratio. Results: The prevalence of NAFLD in metabolic syndrome
    patients in our population was 82.8%. Prevalence of NAFLD was high among the elderly population (≥
    57 years old). Additionally, Indian ethnics with metabolic syndrome had the highest risk of developing
    NAFLD (90.9%). There was a significant association between elevated LDL levels and CTL/S ratio
    (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose
  5. Fulltext Causes of low HbA1c in Malaysian university hospital
    Sthaneshwar P, Vethakkan SR, Wong CW
    Med J Malaysia, 2014 Aug;69(4):175-7.
    PMID: 25500845 MyJurnal
    INTRODUCTION: Glycohemoglobin (HbA1c) most accurately reflects the previous two to three months of glycaemic control. HbA1c should be measured regularly in all patients with diabetes, and values should be maintained below 7% to prevent the risk of chronic complications. Apart from the genetic variants of haemoglobins many other conditions also known to affect HbA1c measurements. In this study we evaluated the conditions that cause low HbA1c results.

    METHODS AND MATERIALS: The data was collected retrospectively HbA1c was measured in our laboratory by Biorad Variant II turbo 2.0. The method is based on chromatographic separation of HbA1c on a cation exchange cartridge. This method has been certified by National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Programme (NGSP). 58437 requests were received in a period of one year (January to December 2011). Medical records were reviewed to identify the conditions that might be associated with these low values.

    RESULTS: Among 58437 samples analysed, 53 patients had HbA1c levels < 4.0%. Fourteen patients had haemoglobinopathy. In 34 patients without Hb variants had conditions such as chronic liver disease, chronic kidney disease, haemolytic anaemia, pregnancy, and anaemia of chronic disease. Five non-pregnant individuals who were screened for diabetes mellitus had HbA1c levels < 4%.

    CONCLUSION: Our study underscores the importance of that both laboratories and the physicians should be aware of the factors that can influence the HbA1c results. The haematological status should be taken into consideration for proper interpretation of HbA1c results.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose
  6. Fulltext Effects of combined physical activity and dietary intervention on obesity and metabolic parameters in adults with abdominal obesity
    Soon HK, Saad HA, Taib MN, Rahman HA, Mun CY
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2013 Mar;44(2):295-308.
    PMID: 23691640
    A twelve-week controlled intervention trial was carried out to evaluate the effects of combined physical activity and dietary intervention on obesity and metabolic risk factors among employees of Universiti Putra Malaysia. Participants consisted of adults aged 25-55 years with no reported chronic diseases but with abdominal obesity. They were assigned to either a combined physical activity and dietary intervention group or a control group. The final sample consisted of 56 participants, with an equal number of 28 for each study group. No significant group effect was observed for any variable except for hip circumference (HC) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG). There was a significant increase in HC (p=0.007) and reduction in FPG (p=0.02) in the intervention group compared to the control group. In the intervention group, HC (p=0.002), triglycerides (TG) (p=0.0001), total cholesterol (TC) (p=0.0001), LDL cholesterol (LDLC) (p=0.0001) and FPG (p=0.005) were significantly reduced, while waist circumference (WC) (p=0.025) and the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) (p=0.027) were significantly reduced in the control group. No significant change in steps/day or calorie intake'was observed in either group. Taken together, these data indicate that the combined physical activity and dietary intervention was not effective at improving diet or physical activity level. However, the intervention was effective in improving FPG among participants with abdominal obesity. The significant increase in HC in the interventions group warrants further study. These findings will be useful to further improve group-based intervention for the prevention and management of obesity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose
  7. Anti-inflammatory and renal protective effect of gingerol in high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats via inflammatory mechanism
    Song S, Dang M, Kumar M
    Inflammopharmacology, 2019 Dec;27(6):1243-1254.
    PMID: 30826930 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-019-00569-6
    P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), a tissue inflammatory factor can be activated under oxidative stress and in conditions associated with hyperglycemia. Gingerol containing various natural herbs has been extensively studied for its pharmacological actions both in reducing the inflammation and as immunity booster. The aim of the current investigation was to examine the renal protective effect of gingerol in high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced type II diabetes mellitus in a rat model.NRK 52E cells were divided into normal and high glucose group treated with gingerol. The methylthiazotetrazolium assay was used to establish the cell proliferation progress. Streptozotocin-inducted diabetes in rats was treated with gingerol for 16 weeks. The blood glucose, serum creatinine, body weight, food intake, biochemical, antioxidant and haematological parameters were assayed to establish the correlation. Pro-inflammatory cytokines including Il-1β, IL-6, TNF-α; inflammatory mediator COX-2, PGE2, NF-kB, p38MAPK, and TGF-β, were also determined to assess the molecular mechanism. Gingerol exhibited the protective effect on the high glucose level induced NRK 52E cells and did not show any effect on the normal cells. Gingerol significantly (P blood glucose level, creatinine and BUN level in a dose-dependent manner with further significantly (P 
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose/analysis
  8. Safety and effectiveness of insulin detemir in type 2 diabetes: results from the ASEAN cohort of the A₁chieve study
    Soewondo P, Mohamed M, Jain AB, Sy RA, Khoo CM
    Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2013 Apr;100 Suppl 1:S10-6.
    PMID: 23647712 DOI: 10.1016/S0168-8227(13)70004-4
    AIM:
    To determine the safety and effectiveness of insulin detemir (IDet) in type 2 diabetes patients from the ASEAN cohort of the A1chieve study.

    METHODS:
    Patients from Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines and Singapore prescribed IDet at the discretion of their physicians were included. The primary outcome was the incidence of serious adverse drug reactions including major hypoglycaemia over 24 weeks. Secondary endpoints included changes in the frequency of hypoglycaemia, serious adverse events and effectiveness assessments.

    RESULTS:
    This sub-analysis included 1540 patients (insulin-naive, 1239; insulin-experienced, 301) with mean age ± SD 56.4 ± 10.9 years, BMI 25.4 ± 4.6 kg/m(2) and diabetes duration 6.9 ± 5.3 years. Insulin-naive patients received a baseline IDet dose of 0.24 ± 0.11 U/kg titrated up to 0.37 ± 0.21 U/kg by Week 24. The pre-study insulin dose in insulin-experienced patients was 0.41 ± 0.25 U/kg and baseline IDet dose was 0.31 ± 0.24 U/kg titrated up to 0.40 ± 0.20 U/kg by Week 24. Overall hypoglycaemia decreased from 1.73 to 0.46 events/patient-year from baseline to Week 24 (change in proportion of patients affected, p < 0.0001). At Week 24, 1 major hypoglycaemic event was reported in 1 insulin-experienced patient. IDet significantly improved glucose control (p < 0.001) at Week 24. The lipid profile and systolic blood pressure improved (p < 0.001) and body weight did not change significantly. Quality of life was positively impacted (p < 0.001).

    CONCLUSION:
    IDet was well-tolerated and improved glycaemic control without increasing the risk of hypoglycaemia or weight gain.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose/drug effects; Blood Glucose/metabolism
  9. Fulltext Social support and self-care activities among the elderly patients with diabetes in Kelantan
    Siti Khuzaimah AS, Shdaifat EA, Mohd Abd Majid HA, Shohor NA, Ahmad F, Zakaria Z
    Malays Fam Physician, 2015;10(1):34-43.
    PMID: 26425293 MyJurnal
    INTRODUCTION: Diabetes is common among the elderly and can significantly affect their lives including the issues related with social support and diabetic self-care activities.
    OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to examine the social support and self-care activities among the elderly patients with diabetes.
    METHODS: A survey involving 200 patients was conducted from March 2013 to May 2013 in three hospitals in Kelantan. Data were obtained through self-administered questionnaires and clinical characteristics were acquired from the patients' records.
    RESULTS: The scores for social support (mean = 19.26; SD = 2.63) and self-care activities (mean = 14.83; SD = 4.92) were moderate. Higher social support was associated with high levels of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood sugar (FBS) level, the duration of diabetes and a decrease in body mass index (BMI) (p<0.05). It was observed that the patients with low educational, Hb1Ac and FBS level, with other chronic diseases and who have had diabetes for some time had low self-care activities (p<0.05). There was a significant negative relationship between an increase in social support and decrease in self-care activity (p<0.05).
    CONCLUSION: Healthcare providers, family and friends have to strengthen their relationship with the elderly patients with diabetes to provide more social support and promote the compliance with diabetic self-care activities to improve clinical outcomes.
    KEYWORDS: Social support; diabetes; elderly; self-care activities
    Study site: medical and diabetic clinics, three government hospitals in Kelantan, Malaysia (Gua Musang Hospital, Kuala Krai Hospital and Machang Hospital).
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose
  10. Fulltext Assessment of DNA strand breakage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
    Siti Balkis Budin, Norfadilah Rejab, Abdul Gapor Mohd Top, Wan Nazaimoon Wan Mohamud, Mokhtar Abu Bakar, Khairul Osman, et al.
    Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2005;3(1):2-12.
    MyJurnal
    This study was conducted to evaluate the oxidative damage in diabetic mellitus induced rats. The evaluation of DNA damage was carried out by the Alkaline Comet Assay using peripheral lymphocyte cells taken from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (50 mg/kg) and control rats. The levels of malondealdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), fasting blood glucose (FBG) and HbA1c were also measured. All the induced diabetic rats were hyperglycemic until the end of the study with significantly higher levels of FBG and HbA1c as compared to the control rats. The results showed the percentage of tail DNA and tail moment values were also significantly higher in the diabetic induced rats. The same observations were made on the levels of plasma MDA and 4-HNE. In conclusion, this study indicated that hyperglycemic condition in diabetic induced rats could generate oxidative DNA damage.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose
  11. Fulltext The effects of palm vitamin E supplementation on glycemic control and lipid profile in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
    Siti Balkis Budin, Abdul Gapor Mohd Top, Wan Nazaimoon Wan Mohamud, Mokhtar Abu Bakar, Khairul Osman, Yau, Monica Swee Eng, et al.
    Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2005;3(1):1-12.
    MyJurnal
    In this study, the effects of palm vitamin E (PV) supplementation on glycemic control and lipid profile in diabetic-induce Sprague-Dawley rats have been evaluated. Diabetes in the rats was induced by a single intravenous streptozotocin (50 mg/kg body weight). The diabetic rats were divided into two groups; supplemented with 200 mg/kg body weight/day of PV and non-supplemented with PV (No PV group). Non-diabetic rats (NDM) formed the control group and only received saline injection. After eight weeks of daily supplementation, PV significantly lowered the fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose
  12. Fulltext Psidium guajava fruit peel extract reduces oxidative stress of pancreas in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
    Siti Balkis Budin, Hawa Ismail, Pek LC
    Sains Malaysiana, 2013;42:707-713.
    Abundant natural products with medicinal properties have been used as food and traditional medicine for diabetes mellitus all over the world. Psidium guajava fruit from the family of Myrtaceae has gained attention for its antioxidant potential. This study was conducted to determine the effects of P. guajava fruit peel aqueous extract on oxidative stress of pancreas in streptozotocin-induced (45 mg/kg) diabetic rats. Diabetic rats were administered with 400 mg/kg of aqueous extract of P. guajava fruit peel daily for 28 days duration. The results showed that diabetic rats supplemented with P. guajava extract did not cause significant difference in blood glucose level (p>0.05) as compared with diabetic rats alone. For oxidative stress evaluation, malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl level were significantly lower and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) level were significantly higher (p<0.05) in P. guajava supplemented rats compared with non-supplemented diabetic rats. However, histological observation showed that supplementation of P. guajava extract did not give protective effects towards alterations in pancreas histology in diabetic rats. The findings suggested that aqueous extract of P. guajava fruit peel supplementation has the ability to reduce oxidative stress in pancreas of diabetic rats and may play a role in reducing the development of diabetic complications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose
  13. The effects of rehydration on cycling performance after exercise-induced dehydration
    Singh R, Brouns F, Kovacs E
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2002 Jun;33(2):378-88.
    PMID: 12236441
    The effects of 7.6% carbohydrate-electrolyte solution (CES) and placebos (P) on rehydration (R) after exercise-induced dehydration and on a subsequent time-trial (TT) of cycling performance were studied. Thirteen male subjects exercised in a thermally-controlled environment (28 degrees C, 63% RH) until 3% of their body weight was lost. After exercise, the subjects moved to a neutral environment (22 degrees C) and rested for 30 minutes prior to a 2-hour R period. During R, subjects were fed CES or P to a maximum volume of 120% of previous body mass loss at 0, 30, and 60 minutes, in bolus-doses of 50%, 40% and 30% respectively. After R, subjects performed a 1-hour TT with no further fluid intake. % R with CES was significantly higher than with P (70 +/- 3% vs 60 +/- 5%; p < 0.01). During the TT, blood glucose dropped in the CES group but not in the P group. It was found that, despite a more effective R with CES, the performance results did not differ between groups (65.1 +/- 2.2 minutes and 65.2 +/- 2.3 minutes for CES and P respectively). It is suggested that an insulin-mediated rebound effect on CHO metabolism during TT, in which no further CHO was supplied, nullified the benefits of rehydration.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose/analysis
  14. Fulltext Blood glucose response to a calamansi drink in healthy adults: a non-randomised study
    Siner A, Sevanesan MS, Ambomai T, Abd Wahab Z, Lasem L
    BMC Res Notes, 2020 Aug 28;13(1):404.
    PMID: 32859257 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-05250-8
    OBJECTIVE: Glycaemic Index (GI) ranks the body's response to carbohydrate content in food such that high GI food increases postprandial blood glucose levels. One of the popular drinks at food and beverage outlets is a drink made from calamansi, a citrus that is believed not to induce an increase in blood glucose levels. In this non-randomised single-blind (participants) study, capillary blood from 10 healthy males were sampled following consumption of either glucose or the calamansi drink. The blood glucose measurements were then used to calculate the GI for the drink.

    RESULTS: The GI of the calamansi drink tested was calculated as 37, a value within the range of low GI foods. Trial registration Clinical Trials identifier NCT04462016; Retrospectively registered on July 1, 2020.

    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose*
  15. Diet quality and its association with glycemic parameters in different diabetes progression stages. A cross-sectional questionnaire study at a primary care clinic
    Siddiqui S, Zainal H, Harun SN, Ghadzi SMS
    Clin Nutr ESPEN, 2020 10;39:165-172.
    PMID: 32859312 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.06.022
    BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is a leading cause of preventable deaths and becomes a major public health concern in Malaysia. Multiple studies have reported the association between diet quality and glycemic parameters among known diabetic subjects. Its influence in individuals with borderline diabetes (i.e. pre-diabetes) or unknown diabetes is still unclear.

    OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the association between diet quality evaluated by healthy eating index (HEI) with the glucose outcome in individuals with distinct diabetes progression stages, as well as to identify causal factors in relation to their diabetes status.

    METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted at clinical care setting in Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) between October 2018-March 2019. Normoglycemic controls (n = 47), at-risk of pre-diabetes (n = 58), pre-diabetes (n = 24) as well as individuals with undiagnosed diabetes (n = 18) were queried about their habitual diet by using Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Correlation analyses were performed to examine the relationship between HEI score and 1) Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) 2) postprandial blood glucose (2-HPP) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Multinomial regression was performed to identify predictors associated with diabetes status of study participants.

    RESULT: Overall, diet quality of study participants was unsatisfactory with the mean score of 58.05 ± 9.07 that need improvement. Total HEI score was negatively correlated with the 2-HPP levels in pre-diabetic patients (r = - 0.45, p = 0.05). No significant association was revealed between glycemic parameters and total HEI score among other groups. Age, body mass index (BMI), triglycerides and female gender were positively correlated with the risk of pre-diabetes, at-risk of pre-diabetes and undiagnosed diabetes (p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose*
  16. Fulltext Adding glycaemic index and glycaemic load functionality to DietPLUS, a Malaysian food composition database and diet intake calculator
    Shyam S, Wai TN, Arshad F
    Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2012;21(2):201-8.
    PMID: 22507605
    This paper outlines the methodology to add glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) functionality to food DietPLUS, a Microsoft Excel-based Malaysian food composition database and diet intake calculator. Locally determined GI values and published international GI databases were used as the source of GI values. Previously published methodology for GI value assignment was modified to add GI and GL calculators to the database. Two popular local low GI foods were added to the DietPLUS database, bringing up the total number of foods in the database to 838 foods. Overall, in relation to the 539 major carbohydrate foods in the Malaysian Food Composition Database, 243 (45%) food items had local Malaysian values or were directly matched to International GI database and another 180 (33%) of the foods were linked to closely-related foods in the GI databases used. The mean ± SD dietary GI and GL of the dietary intake of 63 women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus, calculated using DietPLUS version3 were, 62 ± 6 and 142 ± 45, respectively. These values were comparable to those reported from other local studies. DietPLUS version3, a simple Microsoft Excel-based programme aids calculation of diet GI and GL for Malaysian diets based on food records.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose/analysis
  17. Quality of diabetes care in low- and middle-income Asian and Middle Eastern countries (1993-2012): 20-year systematic review
    Shivashankar R, Kirk K, Kim WC, Rouse C, Tandon N, Narayan KM, et al.
    Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2015 Feb;107(2):203-23.
    PMID: 25529849 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2014.11.004
    To assess the extent to which people with diabetes in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) of Asia and the Middle East met evidence-based care recommendations through a systematic review of published literature.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose/metabolism
  18. Fulltext Swietenine potentiates the antihyperglycemic and antioxidant activity of Metformin in Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats
    Shiming Z, Mak KK, Balijepalli MK, Chakravarthi S, Pichika MR
    Biomed Pharmacother, 2021 Jul;139:111576.
    PMID: 33862494 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111576
    Diabetes mellitus or type-2 diabetes, commonly referred as diabetes, is a metabolic disorder that results in high blood sugar level. Despite the availability of several antidiabetic drugs in the market, they still do not adequately regulate blood sugar levels. Thus, in general people prefer to use herbal supplements/medicines along with antidiabetic drugs to control blood sugar levels. One of such herbal medicine is Swietenia macrophylla seeds. It is widely used in Asia for controlling blood sugar levels. One of the major bioactive compounds, Swietenine, is reported to be responsible for controlling blood glucose levels. However, there were no studies on its efficacy in controlling the blood glucose in diabetic rats. In this study, we evaluated the antihyperglycemic activity of Swietenine and its pharmacodynamic interaction with Metformin in Streptozotocin induced diabetes in rats. The activity of Swietenine was investigated at three different doses: 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg body weight (bw). Metformin (50 mg/kg bw) was used as a standard drug. Swietenine (20 and 40 mg/kg bw) and Metformin (50 mg/kg bw) showed significant effect in reducing the glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, urea, creatinine, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and malondialdehyde level in serum while it had increased the high-density lipoprotein, glutathione, and total antioxidant capacity level. In addition, Swietenine (20 and 40 mg/kg) had shown significant synergistic effect with Metformin. Administration of Swietenine at 10 mg/kg bw neither showed activity nor influenced Metformin's activity. The results from this study confirmed the beneficial effects of Swietenine and its synergistic action with Metformin in controlling the dysregulated serum parameters in Streptozotocin induced diabetes in rats.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose
  19. Preparation, characterization, and in vivo evaluation of insulin-loaded PLA-PEG microspheres for controlled parenteral drug delivery
    Sheshala R, Peh KK, Darwis Y
    Drug Dev Ind Pharm, 2009 Nov;35(11):1364-74.
    PMID: 19832637 DOI: 10.3109/03639040902939213
    AIM: The aim of this study was to prepare insulin-loaded poly(lactic acid)-polyethylene glycol microspheres that could control insulin release at least for 1 week and evaluate their in vivo performance in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model.
    METHODS: The microspheres were prepared using a water-in-oil-in-water double emulsion solvent evaporation technique. Different formulation variables influencing the yield, particle size, entrapment efficiency, and in vitro release profiles were investigated. The pharmacokinetic study of optimized formulation was performed with single dose in comparison with multiple dose of Humulin 30/70 as a reference product in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
    RESULTS: The optimized formulation of insulin microspheres was nonporous, smooth-surfaced, and spherical in structure under scanning electron microscope with a mean particle size of 3.07 microm and entrapment efficiency of 42.74% of the theoretical amount incorporated. The in vitro insulin release profiles was characterized by a bimodal behavior with an initial burst release because of the insulin adsorbed on the microsphere surface, followed by slower and continuous release corresponding to the insulin entrapped in polymer matrix.
    CONCLUSIONS: The optimized formulation and reference were comparable in the extent of absorption. Consequently, these microspheres can be proposed as new controlled parenteral delivery system.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose/analysis
  20. A preliminary evaluation of the efficacy and safety of Cogent db (an ayurvedic drug) in the glycemic control of patients with type 2-diabetes
    Shekhar KC, Achike FI, Kaur G, Kumar P, Hashim R
    J Altern Complement Med, 2002 Aug;8(4):445-57.
    PMID: 12230905
    A nonrandomized, non-placebo-controlled clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of Cogent db (an herbal preparation; Cybele Herbal Laboratories [PVT] Ltd. Kochi, Kerala State, India) as an adjuvant in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes was carried out during a 3-month period.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose/drug effects*
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