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  1. Fulltext Optimization of droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) for dna copy number variation analysis of CNV ESV27061 in young adults with higher blood pressure
    Siti Radziah Shaik Alaudeen, Aszrin Abdullah, Azarisman Shah Mohd Shah, Norlelawati Abdul Talib
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2017;16(11):29-29.
    MyJurnal
    Copy number variation (CNV) caused by changes in DNA sequences of 1000
    or more bases is implicated with susceptibility to common diseases. A study on CNV
    esv27061 among hypertensive Australian adults reported association with high blood
    pressure (BP). In Malaysia, no study on CNV among hypertensive young adults is
    available. Thus, this investigation aimed to assess the CNV esv27061 of young Malaysian
    adults with high blood pressure using optimized ddPCR. (Copied from article).
    Matched MeSH terms: Disease Susceptibility
  2. Fulltext A Combination of Tachycardia-Mediated Heart Failure and Coronary Artery Vasospasm-Induced Silent Myocardial Infarction in a Patient with Severe Thyrotoxicosis
    Khoo SSK, Chu CM, Fung YK
    Case Rep Cardiol, 2018;2018:4827907.
    PMID: 29713551 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4827907
    Severe thyrotoxicosis can present with a myriad of cardiovascular complications. It may be mild features such as palpitations, tachycardia, and exertional dyspnea or may progress to life-threatening consequences such as atrial fibrillation, tachyarrhythmias, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and shock. In rare cases, they may present with myocardial ischemia secondary to coronary artery vasospasm. We report a case of a 59-year-old Malay gentleman who presented with fast atrial fibrillation and tachycardia-mediated heart failure that evolved to a silent myocardial infarction secondary to severe coronary artery vasospasm with undiagnosed severe thyrotoxicosis. He had complete resolution of heart failure and no further recurrence of coronary artery vasospasm once treatment for thyrotoxicosis was initiated and euthyroidism achieved. This life-threatening consequence has an excellent prognosis if recognised early and treated promptly.
    Matched MeSH terms: Coronary Artery Disease
  3. Fulltext Applicability of the World Health Organization recommended new shorter regimen in a multidrug-resistant tuberculosis high burden country
    Javaid A, Ahmad N, Khan AH, Shaheen Z
    Eur Respir J, 2017 01;49(1).
    PMID: 28049176 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01967-2016
    Matched MeSH terms: Communicable Disease Control/standards; Infectious Disease Medicine/standards
  4. Fulltext The Microenvironment in Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Malignancies
    Tan GW, Visser L, Tan LP, van den Berg A, Diepstra A
    Pathogens, 2018 04 13;7(2).
    PMID: 29652813 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens7020040
    The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) can cause a wide variety of cancers upon infection of different cell types and induces a highly variable composition of the tumor microenvironment (TME). This TME consists of both innate and adaptive immune cells and is not merely an aspecific reaction to the tumor cells. In fact, latent EBV-infected tumor cells utilize several specific mechanisms to form and shape the TME to their own benefit. These mechanisms have been studied largely in the context of EBV+ Hodgkin lymphoma, undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and EBV+ gastric cancer. This review describes the composition, immune escape mechanisms, and tumor cell promoting properties of the TME in these three malignancies. Mechanisms of susceptibility which regularly involve genes related to immune system function are also discussed, as only a small proportion of EBV-infected individuals develops an EBV-associated malignancy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hodgkin Disease
  5. Fulltext Psychological interventions for behavioral adjustments in diabetes care - a value-based approach to disease control
    Chew BH, Fernandez A, Shariff-Ghazali S
    Psychol Res Behav Manag, 2018;11:145-155.
    PMID: 29765258 DOI: 10.2147/PRBM.S117224
    Psychological aspects of a person, such as the personal value and belief systems, cognition and emotion, form the basis of human health behaviors, which, in turn, influence self-management, self-efficacy, quality of life, disease control and clinical outcomes in people with chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus. However, psychological, psychosocial and behavioral interventions aimed at these groups of patients have yielded inconsistent effects in terms of clinical outcomes in clinical trials. This might have been due to differing conceptualization of health behavioral theories and models in the interventions. Assimilating different theories of human behavior, this narrative review attempts to demonstrate the potential modulatory effects of intrinsic values on cognitive and affective health-directed interventions. Interventions that utilize modification of cognition alone via education or that focuses on both cognitive and emotional levels are hardly adequate to initiate health-seeking behavior and much less to sustain them. People who are aware of their own personal values and purpose in life would be more motivated to practice good health-related behavior and persevere in them.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chronic Disease
  6. Fulltext Purposeless Groaning in Parkinson's Disease
    Lim SY, Tan AH, Lim JL, Ahmad-Annuar A
    J Mov Disord, 2018 May;11(2):87-88.
    PMID: 29860787 DOI: 10.14802/jmd.18004
    Purposeless groaning has been reported in advanced progressive supranuclear palsy. We present a case of purposeless groaning occurring as a primary complaint in a patient with advanced Parkinson's disease. Purposeless groaning is thought to be a manifestation of disinhibition and perseveration due to frontal-subcortical dysfunction. Proper recognition of this phenomenon will help clinicians to avoid unnecessary investigations and treatment (e.g., prescription of opioid medications).
    Matched MeSH terms: Parkinson Disease
  7. Fulltext Status epilepticus as the initial presentation of antibody-negative Goodpasture's syndrome
    Ting IP, Abdul Halim S, Adnan A, Jaafar H
    BMJ Case Rep, 2017 Aug 01;2017.
    PMID: 28765179 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-219628
    Goodpasture's syndrome is a rare pulmonary-renal disease. It is characterised by presence of auto-antibodies directed against the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antigen. These antibodies that bind to the GBM antigens cause rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. The alveolar basement membrane also contains similar antigen, leading to pulmonary haemorrhage in active disease. We report a case of a young man who initially presented with status epilepticus and later was found to have rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis with pulmonary haemorrhage. Serum anti-GBM antibody was negative but the renal biopsy confirmed the diagnosis by showing typical linear IgG along the GBM on immunofluorescent study. He was treated with plasmapheresis and high-dose steroid in combination with oral cyclophosphamide. His renal function normalised after treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease/immunology; Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease/pathology*; Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease/therapy
  8. Nephrology in the Oceania-South East Asia region: perspectives and challenges
    Kerr PG, Tran HTB, Ha Phan HA, Liew A, Hooi LS, Johnson DW, et al.
    Kidney Int, 2018 09;94(3):465-470.
    PMID: 30045813 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.05.014
    Matched MeSH terms: Global Burden of Disease/economics; Global Burden of Disease/trends; Global Burden of Disease/statistics & numerical data*
  9. Functional role of circular RNAs in cancer development and progression
    Ng WL, Mohd Mohidin TB, Shukla K
    RNA Biol, 2018;15(8):995-1005.
    PMID: 29954251 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2018.1486659
    Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a large class of endogenously expressed non-coding RNAs formed by covalently closed loops through back-splicing. High throughput sequencing technologies have identified thousands of circRNAs with high sequence conservation and cell type specific expression in eukaryotes. CircRNAs play multiple important roles in cellular physiology functioning as miRNA sponges, transcriptional regulators, RBP binding molecules, templates for protein translation, and immune regulators. In a clinical context, circRNAs expression is correlated with patient's clinicopathological features in cancers including breast, liver, gastric, colorectal, and lung cancer. Additionally, distinct properties of circRNAs, such as high stability, exonuclease resistance, and existence in body fluids, show promising role for circRNAs as molecular biomarkers for tumor diagnosis, non-invasive monitoring, prognosis, and therapeutic intervention. Therefore, it is critical to further understand the molecular mechanism underlying circRNAs interaction in tumors and the recent progress of this RNA species in cancer development. In this review, we provide a detailed description of biological functions, molecular role of circRNAs in different cancers, and its potential role as biomarkers in a clinical context.
    Matched MeSH terms: Disease Progression
  10. Fulltext Evaluation of the Role Played by Cyclin D1 as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Marker in the Progression of Oral Carcinogenesis
    John RR, Ravindran C, Malathi N, Aruna RM
    J Maxillofac Oral Surg, 2018 Sep;17(3):389-395.
    PMID: 30034160 DOI: 10.1007/s12663-018-1087-2
    Abstract: Cyclin D1 is linked with the development and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This case-control study was directed to characterise the immunoreactivity of the protein cyclin D1 and its correlation with the clinicopathological parameters of patients with OSCC and potentially malignant disorders (PMD). A group of patients with OSCC were followed up after treatment, and the cyclin D1 expression was reviewed for correlation of cyclin D1 expression with prognosis of the patients.

    Methodology: Sixty individuals were included in this study: OSCC (20), PMD (20) and Control (20). Immunohistochemistry assay was evaluated. The clinicopathological parameters were correlated with the staining intensity of cyclin D1. The results were subjected to Pearson's correlation test.

    Results: Age, gender and site showed no statistically significant correlation with cyclin D1 expression in OSCC and PMD. The cyclin D1 score did not show a significant difference with histopathological diagnosis of OSCC. Cyclin D1 was not expressed in 60% of the Control and 30% PMD cases while the expression of cyclin D1 was seen in 100% of OSCC cases although cyclin D1 score did not show a statistically significant association in the prognosis of the disease among the OSCC patients.

    Matched MeSH terms: Disease Progression
  11. Fulltext Pathological laughter associated with cerebral lupus: a case report
    Singh J, Ahmad N, Chai YC
    ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 2017;18(1):107-113.
    MyJurnal
    Objective: Pathological laughter, pseudobulbar affect or a myriad of its other synonyms, is a condition common secondary to neurological injury, presenting with uncontrolled laughing or crying, appearing to be mood-incongruent and significantly debilitating. The objective of this case report is to highlight a rare case of pathological laughter associated with Cerebral Lupus.
    Methods: We report a case of a 27-year-old lady presenting with signs and symptoms of stroke with dysarthria progressing to aphasia and then pathological laughter, with an underlying poorly controlled Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, manifesting as Cerebral Lupus.
    Results: An improvement in affect congruency followed by decreased frequency of outbreaks among bouts of pathological laughter.
    Conclusion: The combination of Escitalopram and Topiramate is effective in the symptomatic treatment of Pathological Laughter.
    Matched MeSH terms: Disease Outbreaks
  12. Fulltext Comparison of the viability of probiotics from various cultured-milk drinks in a simulated pH study of the human gastrointestinal tract
    Ting, A.S.Y, DeCosta, J.L.
    International Food Research Journal, 2009;16(1):59-64.
    MyJurnal
    Different probiotic strains are incorporated into cultured-milk drinks by respective manufacturers with the common aim of providing health benefits to the consumers. Four common cultured-milk products (brands N, S, V and Y) were evaluated for their quality of probiotic strains used, based on the susceptibility of the probiotics to various pH levels simulated to mimic the gastrointestinal system. Results showed that brands Y and V have higher initial probiotic inoculum compared to brands N and S although probiotics from brands N and S were more tolerant to pH 3. Generally, all probiotic strains preferred higher pH with highest viability of Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., and Streptococcus thermophilus observed at pH 8.1. Our study also discovered that among the four brands tested, brand V contained probiotic strains which are most likely to remain viable after passage through the gastrointestinal system.
    Matched MeSH terms: Disease Susceptibility
  13. Fulltext A review on the global widespread of TTV infection among humans population
    Nur Syazwani Jarkasi, Zamberi Sekawi, Cheah, Yoke Kqueen, Zulkefley Othman
    The Pertanika Journal of Scholarly Research Reviews, 2018;4(1):10-24.
    MyJurnal
    Torque Teno Virus (TTV) is a human-infected virus that is present ubiquitously in nature. Globally, it infects up to 95% of the healthy individuals without any clinical manifestations. The widely used laboratory diagnosis of TTV infection is Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Nevertheless, several other methods have been developed. The rapid growth of TTV variants over time has posed a challenge in estimating the global TTV infection as none of the PCR protocol has the ability to detect the entire spectrum of TTV variants. Multiple TTV epidemiological studies have been conducted among Asian population, whereas other continents showed a limited number of studies. The horizontal and vertical transmission of TTV among humans population, as well as interspecies transmission are potentially related to the global widespread of TTV infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical
  14. Fulltext Review: developments of lactic acid bacteria as probiotic for bacterial diseases control in aquaculture
    Fathiah Masduki, Chong, Chou Min, Murni Karim
    The Pertanika Journal of Scholarly Research Reviews, 2018;4(1):41-53.
    MyJurnal
    In the recent decades, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in aquatic organism have been one of the major interesting research subjects due to their various existence strains in fish microbiota. Moreover, LABs are sometimes abundant in the intestine of several fish species. Many recent papers indicated that several LAB strains are harmless and have been reported for beneficial effects on fish health. There was also converging evidence that led us for more research and findings regarding LAB as a promising probiotics in aquaculture. This article provides an overview of the variability of LAB in gastrointestinal (GI) tract of fish and the development of this species as probiotics. LAB was known able to colonise the gut, and has antagonistic activity against some fish pathogens. This harmless bactreriocin-producing strain may confer benefits in increasing disease resistance, improving nutrient digestibility and growth of the host animals. In addition, these strains may reduce the need of antibiotics usage in future aquaculture industry.
    Matched MeSH terms: Disease Resistance
  15. Fulltext Spiritual intelligence on health behaviours among Malaysian university students in a Malaysian public university: The mediating role of self efficacy
    Dev, Roxana Dev Omar, Tengku Fadilah Tengku Kamalden, Soh, Kim Geok, Ahmad Fauzi Mohd Ayub, Ismi Arif Ismail
    Movement Health & Exercise, 2018;7(2):53-64.
    MyJurnal
    University students experience a substantial amount of change where they
    progress from the highly controlled setting of school to the self-motivated
    environment of the university. Many changes which involve social,
    financial, and environment elements, can be a burden to the students putting
    them at risk in negative health behaviours. Negative health behaviours
    among university students are a cause for concern since they have a
    tendency to be carried into adulthood, which may cause the emergence of
    chronic disease at a younger age. Spiritual intelligence together with selfefficacy
    is seen to promote better health behaviour. Therefore, the purpose
    of the study was to investigate the relationship between spiritual intelligence
    and self-efficacy on health behaviours among university students in
    Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia. A correlational study was conducted
    on 400 undergraduate university students living on campus and were chosen
    through stratified random sampling technique using closed ended
    questionnaires (The Spiritual Self-Report Inventory, General Self Efficacy
    Scale and a modified version of Health Style Questionnaire). Pearson
    correlation and structural equation modelling were used to explore
    association between these aspects. Spiritual intelligence, self-efficacy and
    health behaviour were significantly correlated. Self-efficacy showed a
    partial mediation effect towards the relationship between spiritual
    intelligence and promoting health behaviour (p=0.000). Thus, an association
    was found between spiritual intelligence with health behaviour, and selfefficacy
    with health behaviour. It is interpreted that spiritual intelligence can
    boost positive health behaviour and it is associated with self-efficacy
    relevantly gives benefit to health behaviour. Such data have important
    implications for both health practice and policy, especially in the context of
    higher education institutions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chronic Disease
  16. Fulltext Survivability of hospitalized chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with moderate to severe estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) after experiencing adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in a public healthcare center: a retrospective 3 year study
    Danial M, Hassali MA, Ong LM, Khan AH
    BMC Pharmacol Toxicol, 2018 Aug 29;19(1):52.
    PMID: 30157959 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-018-0243-0
    BACKGROUND: Accurate identification and routine preventive practices are crucial steps in lessening the incidence of medications and patients related adverse drug reactions (ADRs).

    METHODS: Three years retrospective study was conducted among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients at multi-wards in a tertiary healthcare center. Data collected included demographic characteristics, physical examination results, comorbid conditions, laboratory tests and medications taken. Only medication prescribed during the hospital stay were considered in this study.

    RESULTS: From this study only one ADR incident was definitely preventable and majority of other ADRs (88.3%) were possibly preventable. Type of renal replacement therapy (p = 0.023) and stages of renal function (p = 0.002) were significantly associated with survivability of the hospitalized CKD patients after ADRs. Highest percentage of mortality based on categories were 50-59 years (20.0%), male (16.3%), Indian ethnicity (23.7%), obese (15.0%), smoking (17.1%), consumes alcohol (17.4%), conservative management of renal disease (19.5%) and renal function of
    Matched MeSH terms: Chronic Disease
  17. Fulltext Mammary Paget's Disease of the Nipple: Relatively Common but Still Unknown to Many
    Ooi PS, Draman N, Yusoff SSM, Zain WZW, Ganasagaran D, Chua HH
    Korean J Fam Med, 2019 Jul;40(4):269-272.
    PMID: 30486607 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.17.0143
    Mammary Paget's disease is clinically defined as skin inflammation of the nipple area and is an adenocarcinoma of the epidermis of the nipple. The pathogenesis of mammary Paget's disease is relatively unknown; nonetheless, there are two popular theories that support the underlying carcinoma and de novo carcinogenesis. For the attending medical practitioner, mammary Paget's disease poses a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma, especially in the absence of a clinically palpable breast mass. We report a rare case of a 48-year-old Malay woman who presented at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia with the symptom of skin erosion on the left nipple and unresponsiveness to multiple topical treatments. A full evaluation and assessment of the patient were conducted, and mammary Paget's disease was diagnosed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Paget's Disease, Mammary
  18. Fulltext A retrospective study to detect dengue infection in unsuspected fever cases
    Sudipta Poddar, Amiya Kumar Hati
    Malaysian Journal of Medical Research, 2018;2(1):67-70.
    MyJurnal
    Dengue is endemic in Kolkata, India. Outbreaks of dengue cases often occur regularly at short intervals. This
    retrospective seroepidemiological surveillance was conducted longitudinally. Dengue cases were diagnosed
    in the laboratories from suspected patients by dengue specific IgG, IgM antibodies and NS1 antigen, from
    suspected persons to investigate, analyze and categorize the cases who were actually suffering from dengue to
    diagnose a dengue patient in the laboratory practice along with the status of the patient related to the detection
    of disease and duration of primary and secondary infection for effective monitoring of the patient. Age and
    Sex of the dengue patients were determined. Detection of dengue in unsuspected fever cases in unfavorable
    transmission season was evaluated. The transmission of dengue infection in the non-transmission season is
    not remarkable and often remains submerged. Proper measure at this stage may prevent the epidemic
    outbreak in the transmission season. This sort of experience will help to enrich the effective control and case
    management of the menace.
    Matched MeSH terms: Disease Outbreaks
  19. Receptor-Interacting Protein Kinase 1 (RIPK1) as a Potential Therapeutic Target: An Overview of Its Possible Role in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease
    Chan HH, Koh RY, Lim CL, Leong CO
    Curr Alzheimer Res, 2019;16(10):907-918.
    PMID: 31642777 DOI: 10.2174/1567205016666191023102422
    Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is an age-dependent neurodegenerative disorder, the most common type of dementia that is clinically characterized by the presence of beta-amyloid (Aβ) extracellularly and intraneuronal tau protein tangles that eventually leads to the onset of memory and cognition impairment, development of psychiatric symptoms and behavioral disorders that affect basic daily activities. Current treatment approved by the U.S Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for AD is mainly focused on the symptoms but not on the pathogenesis of the disease. Recently, receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) has been identified as a key component in the pathogenesis of AD through necroptosis. Furthermore, genetic and pharmacological suppression of RIPK1 has been shown to revert the phenotype of AD and its mediating pathway is yet to be deciphered. This review is aimed to provide an overview of the pathogenesis and current treatment of AD with the involvement of autophagy as well as providing a novel insight into RIPK1 in reverting the progression of AD, probably through an autophagy machinery.
    Matched MeSH terms: Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy*; Alzheimer Disease/genetics; Alzheimer Disease/metabolism*
  20. Massive pericardial effusion - An uncommon initial presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
    Cheo SW, Low QJ
    Med J Malaysia, 2019 Oct;74(5):439-440.
    PMID: 31649224
    Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a common autoimmune disease that we see in our daily clinical practice. It can involve almost every organs in the body. Cardiac manifestations of SLE include pericarditis, myocarditis, heart block, coronary artery disease and others. Here, we report a case of SLE with an uncommon presentation of massive pericardial effusion as initial presentation. Here we also highlight that massive pericardial effusion can also be associated with other complications of SLE such as heart failure and lupus nephritis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Coronary Artery Disease
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