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Sleep habits and disturbances in Malaysian children with epilepsy

Ong LC, Yang WW, Wong SW, alSiddiq F, Khu YS

J Paediatr Child Health, 2010 Mar;46(3):80-4.
PMID: 20105259 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1754.2009.01642.x

To compare sleep habits and disturbances between Malaysian children with epilepsy and their siblings (age range 4-18 years) and to determine the factors associated with greater sleep disturbance.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Fulltext Is emmetropia the natural endpoint for human refractive development? An analysis of population-based data from the refractive error study in children (RESC)

Morgan IG, Rose KA, Ellwein LB, Refractive Error Study in Children Survey Group

Acta Ophthalmol, 2010 Dec;88(8):877-84.
PMID: 19958289 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2009.01800.x

PURPOSE: To determine the natural end-point for refractive development during childhood.
METHODS: Cycloplegic (1% cyclopentolate) autorefraction was performed on 38, 811 children aged 5 and 15 in population-based samples at eight sites in the Refractive Error Study in Children (RESC). Refractions (right eye) were categorized as myopic (≤-0.5 D), emmetropic (>-0.5 to ≤+0.5 D), mildly hyperopic (>+0.5 to ≤+2.0 D and hyperopic (>+2.0 D).
RESULTS: At five sites (Jhapa - rural Nepal, New Delhi - urban India, Mahabubnagar - rural India, Durban - semi-urban South Africa and La Florida - urban Chile), there was <20% myopia by age 15. Mild hyperopia was the most prevalent category at all ages, except for Mahabubnagar where emmetropia became the marginally most prevalent category at ages 14 and 15. At the other sites (Gombak - semi-urban Malaysia, Shunyi - semi-rural China and Guangzhou - urban China), there was substantial (>35%) myopia by age 15. At these sites, mild hyperopia was the most prevalent category during early childhood, and myopia became the predominant category later. In Gombak district and Guangzhou, emmetropia was a minor category at all ages, with myopia increasing as mild hyperopia decreased. In Shunyi district, emmetropia was the most prevalent category over the ages 11-14.
CONCLUSION: Emmetropia was not the predominant outcome for refractive development in children. Instead, populations were predominantly mildly hyperopic or substantial amounts of myopia appeared in them. This suggests that mild hyperopia is the natural state of refractive development in children and that emmetropia during childhood carries the risk of subsequent progression to myopia.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Bed sharing among mother-infant pairs in Klang district, Peninsular Malaysia and its relationship to breast-feeding

Tan KL

J Dev Behav Pediatr, 2009 Oct;30(5):420-5.
PMID: 19827222 DOI: 10.1097/DBP.0b013e3181ba083a

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of mother-infant bed sharing in Klang district, Peninsular Malaysia and to identify factors associated with bed sharing.

METHOD: This was a cross-sectional study involving 682 mother-infant pairs with infants up to 6 months attending government clinics in Klang district, Peninsular Malaysia. Data were collected by face-to-face interview using a pretested structured questionnaire for a 4-month period in 2006. Data regarding maternal, paternal, obstetric, infant, occupancy, breast-feeding characteristics, and bed-sharing practice were collected. Data on bed sharing were based on practice in the past 1-month period. Bed sharing was defined as an infant sharing a bed with mother, and infant must be within arms reach from the mother, whereas a bed was defined as either a sleeping mattress placed on a bed frame or placed on the floor. The prevalence of bed sharing was estimated. Relationship and magnitude of association between independent factors and bed sharing were examined using odds ratio and 95% confidence interval. Logistic regression analysis was used to control for confounding factors.

RESULTS: The prevalence of bed sharing among mothers with infants aged between 1 and 6 months was 73.5% (95% confidence interval: 70.0-76.7). In multivariate analysis, urban/rural differences, mothers' ethnicity, occupation, family income, husbands' support on bed sharing, number of children younger than 12 years staying in the house, and breast-feeding were associated with bed sharing.

CONCLUSIONS: These factors need to be considered in analyzing the overall risks and benefits of bed sharing, paying attention to breastfeeding practices.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Predictors of malaria among Malaysian aborigines

Kaur G

Asia Pac J Public Health, 2009 Apr;21(2):205-15.
PMID: 19223366 DOI: 10.1177/1010539509331594

The Asia-Pacific region has at least 50% of its population at risk for malaria. In Malaysia, indigenous malaria is largely concentrated among the Orang Asli in Peninsular Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was conducted in an Orang Asli community in the district of Raub, Pahang, to determine the predictors of malaria. Age, seldom/never wearing protective clothing while in the jungle, going out at night, ever staying in another village, and living in bamboo-walled homes were found to be associated with malaria (crude odds ratio = 1.8-4.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1-9.1) After adjusting for confounding, major predictors of malaria were age < or =12 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 4.3;95% CI = 2.2-8.4),), never/seldom wearing protective clothing while in the jungle (aOR = 3.8; 95% CI = 1.8-8.0), and going out at night (aOR = 2.5; 95% CI = 1.4-4.8). The findings lend support for intensifying behaviour modification in this population.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Fulltext Use of glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1C)) and impaired glucose tolerance in the screening of undiagnosed diabetes in the Malaysian population

Qvist R, Ismail IS, Chinna K, Muniandy S

Indian J Clin Biochem, 2008 Jul;23(3):246-9.
PMID: 23105763 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-008-0055-x

Although HbA(1C) is widely accepted as a useful index of mean blood glucose in type 2 diabetic patients its usefulness as screening test for diabetes has been controversial. The present study was undertaken to determine whether the level of HbA(1C) predicted diabetes in a prediabetic group of subjects. Plasma lipids, oral glucose tolerance, HbA(1C) was determined in 90 normal control subjects, 57 offspring of one type 2 diabetes mellitus parent and 11 diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus individuals. The mean age of participants was 44.5 yrs (not significantly different amongst the three groups) and the mean body mass index was 26.8 (not significantly different amongst the three groups). Two hours after a 75 g glucose challenge, the offspring had a significantly higher plasma glucose level (mean = 7.1 mmol/L, p value = 0.002) than the normals. Similarly the HbA(1C) values were higher in the offspring than in the normals (mean = 5.78%, p value = 0.016). Besides the significantly higher values for oral glucose tolerance test and HbA(1C), the diabetics also were significantly higher for triglycerides (mean = 2.25mmol/L), total cholesterol (mean = 6.24mmol/L) and systolic blood pressure (mean = 138.45mm Hg) than the offspring (P value = 0.031, 0.006, 0.010) and the normals (P value = 0.026, 0.018, 0.002) respectively. The mean values of diastolic blood pressure, LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol were not significantly different amongst the three groups.
Study site: Diabetic clinic, University of Malaya Medical centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Inflammatory bowel disease: a survey of the epidemiology in Asia

Goh K, Xiao SD

J Dig Dis, 2009 Feb;10(1):1-6.
PMID: 19236540 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-2980.2008.00355.x

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has long been considered a disease that affects predominantly a Western population. The incidence and prevalence rates from Asian populations are much lower in comparison. More recent data, however, have shown significantly higher rates in Asians and time trend studies have shown an increase in the incidence of ulcerative colitis (UC) and a similar but lower rise in Crohn's disease (CD). The epidemiological changes that are taking place mirror that of the Western experience seen 50 years previously and seem to occur in parallel with the rapid socioeconomic development taking place in Asia. It appears that certain racial groups are more prone than others to develop IBD. For instance, Indians in South-East Asia have higher rates compared to Chinese and Malays. While there is host genetic predisposition, environmental factor(s) may be responsible for this difference. Migrant studies of South Asians in the UK, where second-generation immigrants have assumed incidence rates as high as the indigenous whites and Asian Jews who develop high incidence rates comparable to Jews from Europe or North America in Israel point to the role of environmental factors. It is unclear which specific factors are responsible. Studies have suggested a change in diet to a more Westernized one may underlie this epidemiological change in the Asian population. It is likely that there are racial groups amongst Asians who are more susceptible to IBD and who will demonstrate a higher frequency of IBD when exposed to putative environmental factors.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Further observations in an area with an exceptionally low prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection

Raj SM, Lee YY, Choo KE, Noorizan AM, Zulkifli A, Radzi M, et al.

Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 2008 Nov;102(11):1163-4.
PMID: 18678380 DOI: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.06.015
Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Fulltext Gender and ethnic differences in cardiovascular risks in Songkhla province, Thailand: the interASIA-south

Chongsuvivatwong V, YipIntsoi T, Apakupakul N

J Med Assoc Thai, 2008 Apr;91(4):464-70.
PMID: 18556853

The subset of data on southern Thai InterAsia study conducted in 2000 was revisited in order to document gender and ethnic breakdown of prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Three hundred and seventy-five men and 630 women with overall mean +/- SD age of 53.2 +/- 11.7 years were recruited. Combined gender prevalences were: 21.1% for smoking, 15.5% for drinking, 21.8% for hypertension (systemic blood pressure > or = 140/90 mmHg), 49.8% for impaired fasting plasma glucose (FPG 110-125 mg/dl), 9.9% for diabetes mellitus (FPG > or = 126 mg/dl), 10% for body mass index > or = 30 kg/m2, 43.5% for large waist circumference (WC > or = 90 cm in men and > or = 80 in women), 62.8% for total serum cholesterol (TC), > 200 mg/dl, 38.5% for TC divided by high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) > or = 5 and 61.6% for low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), > or = 130 mg/dl. After using logistic regression, adjusting the effects of age and community of residence, women were less likely than men to be smokers, drinkers, or showed impaired FPG but significantly more likely to have large WC, TC > or = 200 mg/dl and LDL-C > or = 130 mg/dl. Muslims showed significantly lower risk for drinking and large WC but higher risk for low HDL-C. The differences require further research. In conclusion, gender and age have stronger association with various risk factors than ethnicity in this selected population.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Fulltext An Audit of Diabetes Control and Management (ADCM)

Mastura I, Zanariah H, Fatanah I, Feisul Idzwan M, Wan Shaariah MY, Jamaiyah H, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2008 Sep;63 Suppl C:76-7.
PMID: 19227679

Diabetes is a chronic condition that is one of the major causes of illness, disability, and death in Malaysia. Cost in managing diabetes plus indirect cost of lost work, pain, and suffering have all increased. The optimal management of patients with diabetes require the tracking of patients over time to monitor the progression of the disease, compliance with treatment, and preventive care. Diabetes care can be improved by standardizing access to, and improving the use of, clinical information. Access to timely, accurate and well-organized electronic data will improve the quality of care for patients with diabetes. Clinical Research Center convened an expert workshop to forecast how physicians, hospitals and clinics will employ clinical information technology (IT) applications to diabetes care over the next year. Workshop participants included experts from research organizations, government, and the IT vendor. This is a summary of the workshop organised for the purpose of the Audit of Diabetes Control and Management (ADCM) project. We hope to identify the gaps, if any, that exists in delivering diabetes care and to improve the quality of care. In future, we hope to develop an expansion of this project for the Adult Diabetes Registry that will be implemented for the whole country.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Fulltext Time trends in peptic ulcer, erosive reflux oesophagitis, gastric and oesophageal cancers in a multiracial Asian population

Goh KL, Wong HT, Lim CH, Rosaida MS

Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 2009 Apr 1;29(7):774-80.
PMID: 19183160 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.03930.x

Dramatic changes in the prevalence and pattern of gastrointestinal disease has taken place in Asia in recent years.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Smoking among young urban Malaysian women and its risk factors

Manaf RA, Shamsuddin K

Asia Pac J Public Health, 2008;20(3):204-13.
PMID: 19124314 DOI: 10.1177/1010539508316973

This study was conducted to measure the prevalence of cigarette smoking and to determine the individual, family, and environmental factors associated with smoking among young urban women. A cross-sectional study through self-administered questionnaire was conducted on female students enrolled in private higher learning institutions in Kuala Lumpur and Selangor, Malaysia, between July and October 2005. Analysis on 408 respondents showed that current smoker prevalence rate was 18.6%. Adjusted analyses showed significant association between smoking and individual factors, which are the importance of slim image, average monthly allowance, and car ownership. For family factors, analyses showed significant association between smoking and parental marital status and smoking status of male siblings. Strong associations were seen between female smoking and environmental factors, such as having more smoker friends, having smokers as best friends, keeping cigarette-brand items, being offered free cigarette, and perceiving female smoking as normal. The identified risk factors could be used to develop more effective prevention programs to overcome smoking among young urban women.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Fulltext Patterns of smoking among adolescents in Malaysia and Thailand: findings from the International Tobacco Control Southeast Asia survey

Hammond D, Kin F, Prohmmo A, Kungskulniti N, Lian TY, Sharma SK, et al.

Asia Pac J Public Health, 2008;20(3):193-203.
PMID: 19124313 DOI: 10.1177/1010539508317572

At present, 70% of the world's 1.1 billion smokers are in developing countries, with over 50% in Asia alone. The current study examined patterns of youth smoking in Thailand and Malaysia. Respondents were 2002 youths between the ages of 13 and 17 from Thailand (n = 1000) and Malaysia (n = 1002). Respondents were selected using a multistage cluster sampling design and surveyed between January 2005 and March 2005. Approximately 3% of youth between the ages of 13 and 17 were current smokers, with an additional 10% to 12% reporting experimental smoking. Males were between 7 and 15 times more likely to report smoking behavior than females. Less than 1% of females respondents in either country met the criteria for current smoking, and less than 5% met the criteria for experimental smoking. In contrast, more than 50% Thai males and approximately one-third of Malaysian males aged 17 met the criteria for either experimental or current smoking.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Depressive symptoms in middle-aged women in peninsular Malaysia

Zainal NZ

Asia Pac J Public Health, 2008;20(4):360-9.
PMID: 19124330 DOI: 10.1177/1010539508322538

A household survey was carried out in Peninsular Malaysia to determine the prevalence rate of depressive symptoms in middle-aged women and to explore its associated factors. Women aged 45 to 60 years were assessed on sociodemographic profiles, menopausal status, depressive symptoms, marital dissatisfaction, and coping strategies. A total of 3934 women participated, and the mean age was 51 years. The prevalence rate of depressive symptoms was 54.2%. Of the married women, 38.4% had poor to very severe problems in their marriage. Depressive symptoms were significantly associated with marital status (P < .001), ethnicity (P < .001), educational levels (P < .001), occupational status ( P < .001), domicile (P < .001), and menopausal status ( P < .05). Depressive symptoms were correlated with marital dissatisfaction scores. Women who consulted professionals, shared with relatives, kept problems to themselves, or consulted parents/siblings had higher mean scores on depressive symptoms compared with those who did not use these coping strategies.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Emerging HIV epidemics in Muslim countries: assessment of different cultural responses to harm reduction and implications for HIV control

Todd CS, Nassiramanesh B, Stanekzai MR, Kamarulzaman A

Curr HIV/AIDS Rep, 2007 Dec;4(4):151-7.
PMID: 18366945

Harm reduction, including needle exchange and opioid substitution therapy, has been demonstrated to reduce high-risk behavior and HIV infection among injection drug users. An increasing number of countries in the Middle East, North Africa, and Asia, including those with Muslim majorities, have experienced or are at risk for HIV epidemics initiated by burgeoning injection drug use. Although use of intoxicants is expressly forbidden within Islam, the local culture impacts the interpretation of Islamic law and influences the response to drug misuse, whether punitive or therapeutic. Harm reduction programming has received varying acceptance within this global region, which may be reflected by national trends in HIV prevalence. The purpose of this paper is to examine cultural and religious response to injecting drug use and associated HIV prevalence trends in Malaysia and Iran, with possible application of lessons learned to an emerging situation in Afghanistan.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Mortality risk among recent-onset injection drug users in five U.S. cities

Vlahov D, Wang C, Ompad D, Fuller CM, Caceres W, Ouellet L, et al.

Subst Use Misuse, 2008;43(3-4):413-28.
PMID: 18365941 DOI: 10.1080/10826080701203013

To quantify the risk of death among recent-onset (< 5 years) injection drug users, we enrolled 2089 injection drug users (IDUs) age

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Health-care professionals exposed to latex allergy: a cause of concern?

Das S

ANZ J Surg, 2008 Nov;78(11):939.
PMID: 18959687 DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-2197.2008.04708.x
Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Changing epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori in Asia

Tan HJ, Goh KL

J Dig Dis, 2008 Nov;9(4):186-9.
PMID: 18959588 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-2980.2008.00344.x

As in developed societies, the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori has declined rapidly in Asia. This has been shown in both seroprevalence-based and endoscopy-based studies. While the decline in the incidence of gastric cancer has now been observed, a decrease in peptic ulcer disease has not been so clearly evident. This apparent paradox can be explained by an increase in non-H. pylori associated ulcers - such as those related to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or idiopathic ulcers. The increase of gastroesophageal reflux disease in Asia has been widely observed and commented on and its relationship to the decline in H. pylori speculated upon. However there have been few conclusive studies from Asia on this subject. While the improved diagnosis and elimination of H. pylori has contributed to its decline, a more basic change involving large segments of the Asian population must be responsible. An improvement in hygiene and living conditions that results from more affluent Asian societies is thought to be a possible cause.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Fulltext Helicobacter pylori infection in peptic ulcer disease: the importance of smoking and ethnicity

Pillay KV, Htun M, Naing NN, Norsa'adah B

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2007 Nov;38(6):1102-10.
PMID: 18613553

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and its associated factors among patients with peptic ulcer disease in Taiping Hospital. Consecutive peptic ulcer disease patients who had undergone esophagogastro-duodenoscopy were included. The H. pylori status was assessed by the rapid urease test. We excluded those who had active bleeding, a perforated peptic ulcer, severe vomiting, a history of gastric surgery, peptic ulcer disease or renal or liver diseases, carcinoma of the stomach, and recent use of antibiotics or proton pump inhibitors. Socio-demography, H. pylori status, medication history and other relevant clinical data were collected from case notes. A total of 416 subjects were selected, 49.7% were positive and 50.3% were negative for H. pylori infection. There were significant associations between H. pylori and age, ethnicity, smoking status and NSAID usage. However, there were no significant relationships between H. pylori status and gender or type of peptic ulcer. Multiple logistic regression showed that other ethnicities than Malays and smokers had a higher risk of H. pylori. Our prevalence rate was low and the identified risk factors were consistent with previous studies. Ethnic differences may be related to genetic and sociocultural behaviors. Quitting smoking may benefit peptic ulcer patients with H. pylori infection.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Prevalence of pseudoexfoliation in Malay population in Singapore

Sumasri K, Raju P, Aung T, Tin A, Wong TY

Am J Ophthalmol, 2008 Apr;145(4):766-7; author reply 767.
PMID: 18358854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2007.12.028
Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Oral cancer presentation among Malay patients in hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan

Razak AA, Saddki N, Naing NN, Abdullah N

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2009;10(6):1131-6.
PMID: 20192598

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to identify the characteristics of oral cancer among Malay patients in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Kelantan.
METHODS: A retrospective record review was conducted from August to December 2006 in HUSM. Of 133 patients with oral cancer diagnosed from 1986 to 2005, 118 were Malay. Data on socio-demographic background, high-risk habits practiced, clinical and histological characteristics, and treatment profile of the patients were obtained.
RESULTS: Malay patients with oral cancer were predominantly elderly, aged 60 years old and above (51.7%) at the time of diagnosis, with a mean age of 58.1 years (SD 16.81). Most patients were males (64.4%) and the majority of them were married (83.9%). More than half (58.5%) had been smokers, and of those who smoked, 89.9% were males. Some had a betel quid chewing habit (22.9%) but none ever consumed alcohol. The majority of the patients (77.1%) were diagnosed at stage IV. The tongue was the most usual site involved (37.3%) and squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histological type seen (75.4%).
CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of oral cancer among Malay patients in HUSM is high (88.7%). It is predominantly found in elderly males and the majority of cases present at advanced stage.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence

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