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Parental Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Antibiotic Resistance in Children: A Review Article

Masadeh M, Harun SN, Mukattash T, Alrabadi N

Curr Pediatr Rev, 2025 Feb 12.
PMID: 39945265 DOI: 10.2174/0115733963365501250210062038

Antibiotic misuse among children continues to be one of the major critical public health issues worldwide, particularly in developing countries such as Jordan. Incorrect antibiotic use is hugely influenced by parents' knowledge and attitudes on the subject at hand. This review, therefore, seeks to establish the current state of parental knowledge and attitudes toward antibiotics in Jordanian children, with particular emphasis on those gaps in awareness and knowledge that underpin the inappropriate use of antibiotics. Despite prescription regulations, many still depend on over-the-counter purchases, usually due to misconceptions about the efficiency of antibiotics in viral infections or a lack of insight into the risks of misuse. The results strongly suggest that focused educational programs are needed to improve parents' knowledge of prudent antibiotic use. It integrated an analysis of the socio-cultural factors affecting parental decisions and recommended improvising the public health strategies in their fight against antibiotic resistance. The study concluded that emphasis must be laid on both regulatory enforcement and public awareness about appropriate antibiotic use in pediatric care to bring about better health outcomes in Jordanian children.
Intake of Trans-Fat Diet With Prenatal Bisphenol A Exposure Induce Global DNA Methylation in Rats Offspring

Abulehia H, Mohd Nor NS, Sheikh Abdul Kadir SH

Birth Defects Res, 2025 Feb;117(2):e2450.
PMID: 39953946 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2450

BACKGROUND: Bisphenol A (BPA) is a ubiquitous industrial compound found in an enormous variety of consumer goods such as plastics, epoxy resins, and thermal paper. Despite its widespread usage, the effects of BPA on the risk and development of metabolic syndrome are not fully understood. Prenatal exposure to BPA has been shown to disrupt the development of offspring's metabolically active tissues and increase their susceptibility to the adverse consequences of a trans-fat diet (TFD).
METHODS: In this experiment, pregnant rats (n = 18) were randomly separated into three groups. These groups were treated from pregnancy day (PD) 2 to PD 21. Subsequently, the male offspring of these rats were provided either a normal-diet (ND) or a TFD from 3rd postnatal week (PNW) to 14th PNW. Then, protein expression of PPAR-γ and global DNA methylation were assessed in the adult rat offspring that were exposed to in utero BPA and subjected to postnatal TFD intake.
RESULTS: The study findings have shown that there was no association between prenatal exposure to BPA and/or TFD consumption and PPAR-γ protein expression within all the study groups in the liver tissue. On the other hand, changes at the molecular level, as reflected by the global DNA hypermethylation induced by prenatal BPA and postnatal TFD intake in adult male SD rat offspring (PNW 14).
CONCLUSIONS: This study underscores the potential impact of prenatal BPA exposure and postnatal TFD intake on epigenetic regulation, as evidenced by global DNA hypermethylation, despite no observable changes in PPAR-γ protein expression. These findings suggest that early-life environmental exposures may predispose individuals to metabolic disruptions, including diabetes and obesity, in adulthood or future generations.
Network pharmacology, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation of chalcone scaffold-based compounds targeting breast cancer receptors

Ismail NZ, Khairuddean M, Abubakar S, Arsad H

J Biomol Struct Dyn, 2025 Apr;43(7):3242-3257.
PMID: 38149857 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2296606

Compounds with a chalcone scaffold-based structure have demonstrated promising anticancer biological activity. However, the molecular interactions between chalcone scaffold-based compounds and breast cancer-associated proteins remain unclear. Through network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation analyses, compounds with a chalcone scaffold-based structure were evaluated for their interaction with potential breast cancer targets. The compounds were retrieved from the ASINEX database, resulting in 575,302 compounds. A total of 342 compounds with chalcone scaffold-based structures were discovered. From the 342 compounds that was analysed, ten were chosen due to their adherence to Lipinski's rule, having an appropriate range of lipophilicity (LOGP), and topological polar surface area (TPSA), and absence of any toxicity. Based on target intersection, 50 target genes were found and subjected to protein-protein interaction (PPI), gene ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses. Four target genes were found to be involved in the breast cancer pathway. Consequently, molecular docking was utilised to analyse the molecular interactions between the compounds and four target protein receptors. Compound 211 exhibited the highest binding affinities for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1), oestrogen receptor (ESR1), and cyclin dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) with values of -8.95 kcal/mol, -8.60 kcal/mol, -10.33 kcal/mol, and -9.90 kcal/mol, respectively. During MD simulation, compound 211 and its respective proteins were stable, compact, and had minimal flexibility. The findings provide foundations for future studies into the interaction underlying the anti-breast cancer potential of compounds with chalcone-based scaffold structures.
Fulltext Co-inheritance of compound heterozygous Hb Constant Spring and a single -alpha(3.7) gene deletion with heterozygous deltabeta thalassaemia: a diagnostic challenge

Azma RZ, Othman A, Azman N, Alauddin H, Ithnin A, Yusof N, et al.

Malays J Pathol, 2012 Jun;34(1):57-62.
PMID: 22870600

Haemoglobin Constant Spring (Hb CS) mutation and single gene deletions are common underlying genetic abnormalities for alpha thalassaemias. Co-inheritance of deletional and non-deletional alpha (alpha) thalassaemias may result in various thalassaemia syndromes. Concomitant co-inheritance with beta (beta) and delta (delta) gene abnormalities would result in improved clinical phenotype. We report here a 33-year-old male patient who was admitted with dengue haemorrhagic fever, with a background history of Grave's disease, incidentally noted to have mild hypochromic microcytic red cell indices. Physical examination revealed no thalassaemic features or hepatosplenomegaly. His full blood picture showed hypochromic microcytic red cells with normal haemoglobin (Hb) level. Quantitation of Hb using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) revealed raised Hb F, normal Hb A2 and Hb A levels. There was also small peak of Hb CS noted in CE. H inclusions was negative. Kleihauer test was positive with heterocellular distribution of Hb F among the red cells. DNA analysis for alpha globin gene mutations showed a single -alpha(-3.7) deletion and Hb CS mutation. These findings were suggestive of compound heterozygosity of Hb CS and a single -alpha(-3.7) deletion with a concomitant heterozygous deltabeta thalassaemia. Co-inheritance of Hb CS and a single -alpha(-3.7) deletion is expected to result at the very least in a clinical phenotype similar to that of two alpha genes deletion. However we demonstrate here a phenotypic modification of alpha thalassemia presumptively as a result of co-inheritance with deltabeta chain abnormality as suggested by the high Hb F level.
Characteristics and Young's Modulus of Collagen Fibrils from Expanded Skin Using Anisotropic Controlled Rate Self-Inflating Tissue Expander

Manssor NA, Radzi Z, Yahya NA, Mohamad Yusof L, Hariri F, Khairuddin NH, et al.

Skin Pharmacol Physiol, 2016;29(2):55-62.
PMID: 26836267 DOI: 10.1159/000431328

Mechanical properties of expanded skin tissue are different from normal skin, which is dependent mainly on the structural and functional integrity of dermal collagen fibrils. In the present study, mechanical properties and surface topography of both expanded and nonexpanded skin collagen fibrils were evaluated. Anisotropic controlled rate self-inflating tissue expanders were placed beneath the skin of sheep's forelimbs. The tissue expanders gradually increased in height and reached equilibrium in 2 weeks. They were left in situ for another 2 weeks before explantation. Expanded and normal skin samples were surgically harvested from the sheep (n = 5). Young's modulus and surface topography of collagen fibrils were measured using an atomic force microscope. A surface topographic scan showed organized hierarchical structural levels: collagen molecules, fibrils and fibers. No significant difference was detected for the D-banding pattern: 63.5 ± 2.6 nm (normal skin) and 63.7 ± 2.7 nm (expanded skin). Fibrils from expanded tissues consisted of loosely packed collagen fibrils and the width of the fibrils was significantly narrower compared to those from normal skin: 153.9 ± 25.3 and 106.7 ± 28.5 nm, respectively. Young's modulus of the collagen fibrils in the expanded and normal skin was not statistically significant: 46.5 ± 19.4 and 35.2 ± 27.0 MPa, respectively. In conclusion, the anisotropic controlled rate self-inflating tissue expander produced a loosely packed collagen network and the fibrils exhibited similar D-banding characteristics as the control group in a sheep model. However, the fibrils from the expanded skin were significantly narrower. The stiffness of the fibrils from the expanded skin was higher but it was not statistically different.
Fulltext Dimension manifestation of users’ psychographic traits towards online travel agency

Abdul Aziz Azdel, Khairil Wahidin Awang, Raja Nerina Raja Yusof, Salleh Mohd Radzi, Mohd Noor Ismawi Ismail

Journal of Academia Universiti Teknologi MARA Negeri Sembilan, 2019;7(101):91-101.
MyJurnal

The purpose of this study is to assess the determinants of psychological traits towards users’ technology experience specifically on Online Travel Agencies (OTA) via exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Working on these issues and after sequences of analyses to verify reliability and factor structure, the final 16 items of Technology Readiness 2.0 (TR2.0) with 4 items for each dimension (Optimism, Innovativeness, Discomfort, and Insecurity) have been congregated. Through an online survey, the technology readiness determinants were administered to 100 travelers at KLIA2 who have experienced on OTA. EFA using Principal Component Analysis with Varimax Rotation indicated 14 items, with 4 factors final solution with the following subscales: Innovativeness (4 items); Optimism (4 items); Discomfort (3 items); and Insecurities (3 items). All in all, only two items were removed from the original total of 16 items by the factor analysis based on the factor loading matrix for this final solution. This study basically plays an important role in contributing to the existing literature on the OTA users’ standpoint by using an approach which is very powerful to redefine the factors within Technology Readiness. This enhancement has reorganized the items according to their importance specifically towards new perspective which are OTA users in Malaysia setting.
Fulltext A qualitative study on the effect of gam e board strategy on the stud ent's motivation of learning statistics course

Nurul Aityqah Yaacob, Rosemawati Ali, Foo, Kien Kheng, Nadiah Mohamed, Mardiana Ahmad, Siti Noor Dina Ahmad, et al.

Journal of Academia Universiti Teknologi MARA Negeri Sembilan, 2019;7(101):142-145.
MyJurnal

An interactive teaching tool that utilizes a game board strategy to facilitate the learning of statistics has been developed and employed. This study aims to determine the impact of the board game on the motivation of diploma students towards learning statistics. Data are collected from 7 respondents using a face to face interview. Responses are qualitatively analysed. Results show that respondents are generally positive about the effectiveness of the board game as a teaching tool to enhance le arning and understanding. More importantly, respondents have shown a change in attitude towards statistics and are more motivated to learn statistics under this innovative learning environment. Some suggestions for future research are outlined.
Fulltext Mapping of the beta-thalassaemia carrier in Sabah: an initial step to strengthen the Thalassaemia Prevention Program in Malaysia

Asit Sena, Saidatul Norbaya Buang, Mohd Shahriel Md Daud, Soh Chin Li, Zaleha Sulaiman, Kaharnisah Mat Noor, et al.

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(104):13-13.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Thalassaemia is an autosomal recessive disorder affecting 5 percent of the Malaysian population. The state of Sabah has the highest number of transfusion dependent thalassaemia and β-thalassaemia carrier in Malay-sia. For Malaysia to be successful in the prevention of thalassaemia, Sabah needs to be focused on the preventive activities in areas with high prevalence of β-thalassaemia carriers. Thus, identifying the mapping of β-thalassaemia is crucial for planning for prevention activities. The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence of β-thalas-saemia by districts and ethnic groups in Sabah. Methods: This study used data from Form 4 Thalassaemia Screening Records in 2017. The data were cleaned and analysed using Excel spreadsheet to calculate for the national and state specific prevalence of β-thalassaemia carrier. Subsequently, the data was used for mapping of high-risk districts and ethnic groups in Sabah. Results: A total of 31,655 Form 4 students from 242 secondary schools were screened in Sa-bah in 2017 and 1150 (3.6%) were diagnosed as β-thalassemia carrier. The prevalence of β thalassaemia carrier was higher in the West Coast of Sabah which include Kota Marudi District (11.1%), Nabawan (9.0%), Tambunan (8%), Tongod (7.5%), Ranau (7.0%), Kota Belud (5.0%), Kudat (4.6%), Tenom (4.1%) and Tuaran (4.0%). In the East Coast of Sabah, there was only the Beluran District (5.0%) had prevalence that higher than the state average. β-thalassae-mia carriers were more likely to be of Dusun, Kadazan Dusun followed by Bajau, Murut and Rungus ethnic group. Conclusion: The distribution of β-thalassaemia carrier in Sabah was concentrated in the West Coast of Sabah and more common among the Dusun, Kadazan Dusun followed by Bajau, Murut and Rungus ethnic group. Thus, the thalassaemia prevention activities should be focuses in these areas and ethnic groups.
Fulltext Protein and gene expression of leukemia stem cells markers in acute myeloid leukemia

Amrina Mohamad Amin, Maha Abdullah, Sabariah Md Noor, Raudhawati Osman, Wan Hayati Mohd Yaacob, Cheong Soon Keng

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(108):23-23.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a clonal haematological neoplasm characterised by proliferation of immature myeloid cells in the bone marrow resulting in impairment normal cell development in bone marrow. This leads to anaemia, thrombocytopenia and neutropenia. AML primarily affects older adults, with a median age at diagnosis of 69 years but is also seen in all other age groups. AML is recognized as a kind of cancer with marked heterogeneity in both biology of the cells and reactions to treatment. Treatment with intensive chemotherapy regi-mens of adult AML patients who are ≤ 60 years old results in hematologic remission in about 35% of patients, but at least 30% of these patients will experience a relapse. Mechanism leading to early relapse is still unclear. Leukaemia stem cell (LSC) is shown to correlate with poor prognosis. Biomarkers such as aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and CD34+CD38- have been identified as potential LSC biomarkers in previous studies. The objective of this study is to examine the expression of such markers for LSC and determine the association. Methods: Peripheral blood or bone marrow samples from untreated, newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemias of all age, gender and race were collect-ed from Hospital Melaka and Kelang. Diagnosis of AML is based on WHO classification which include morphology, cytochemistry, immunophenotyping and cytogenetics. Mononuclear cells were isolated from bone marrow aspirate samples by gradient density centrifugation on Ficoll-Hypaque. Immunophenotyping using CD13, CD14, CD33, CD34, CD38 and ALDH were carried out to identify the presence and proportion of the various populations of inter-est. Results: There was a strong, positive correlation between ALDH and CD34+CD38- cell population, which was statistically significant (rs = 0.5989, p< 0.05). Conclusion: The strong correlation of ALDH activity and CD34+CD38- expression supported the potential of these biomarkers to identify LSCs cell in AML patients. However, due to the heterogeneity of AML, further studies using more markers and larger sample size are needed to determine the validity and to correlate with disease-free survival rate of AML patients.
Fulltext Blending the appearance of all-ceramic crowns in fluo-rosis condition with direct chair-side technique

Siti Mariam Ab Ghani, Ahmad Syahir Ahmad Zu Saifudin, Muhammad Aliff Ikram Noor Zari, Teh Adilla Mustaza

Compendium of Oral Science, 2015;2(1):47-51.
MyJurnal

Dental fluorosis incidence had been reported to be affecting children widely, especially in water-fluoridated ar-ea. As these children grow into young adults, perceived aesthetic problems arise mainly due to their concern with generalized mottled and stained teeth appearance. Fixed prosthodontics treatment involving single anterior tooth in patients with generalized fluorosis condition had been found challenging due to aesthetic restorability to blend with fluorosis condition. Clinical considerations: A simplified procedural direct chair-side technique of mimicking fluorosis condition onto anterior all-ceramic crowns are discussed in this paper. The mimicked fluoro-sis is reversible and has the opportunity to be adjusted according to the patient’s fluorosis condition thus hinder-ing the need to redo the crown in the future. Conclusions: The appearance of anterior all-ceramic crowns with direct chair-side staining technique provided blended and harmonized well with the dental fluorosis condition in both patients thus, giving natural looking smile.
Water quality influences fish occurrence in peat swamp forest and its converted areas in north Selangor, Malaysia

Hussein Aliu Sule, Ahmad Ismail, Mohammad Noor Azmai Amal, Syaizwan Zahmir Zulkifli, Mohd Fauzul Aidil Mohd Roseli, Shamarina Shohaimi

Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:2589-2600.

Tropical peat swamp forest (PSF) is one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world. However, the impacts of
anthropogenic activities in PSF and its conversion area towards fish biodiversity are less understood. This study
investigates the influences of water physico-chemical parameters on fish occurrences in peat swamp, paddy field and
oil palm plantation in the North Selangor peat swamp forest (NSPSF), Selangor, Malaysia. Fish and water samples were
collected from four sites located in the peat swamps, while two sites were located in the paddy field and oil palm plantation
areas. Multivariate analyses were used to determine the associations between water qualities and fish occurrences in
the three habitats. A total of 1,382 individual fish, belonging to 10 families, 15 genera and 20 species were collected.
The family Cyprinidae had the highest representatives, followed by Bagridae and Osphronemidae. The most abundant
species was Barbonymus schwanefeldii (Bleeker 1854), while the least abundant was Wallago leerii Bleeker, 1851. The
paddy field and oil palm plantation area recorded significantly higher fish diversity and richness relative to peat swamp
(p<0.05). The water physico-chemical parameters, such as pH, DO, NH3
-N, PO4, SO4
, and Cl2 showed no significant
difference between paddy field and oil palm plantation (p>0.05), but was significantly different from the peat swamp
(p<0.05). However, no water quality parameter was consistently observed to be associated with fish occurrences in all
of the three habitats, but water temperature, NH3
-N, Cl2, SO4
, and EC were at least associated with fish occurrences in
two habitats studied. This study confirmed that each habitat possess different water quality parameters associated with
fish occurrences. Understanding all these ecological aspects could help future management and conservation of NSPSF.
Fulltext Epigenetic changes of DRD2 gene in Pathogenesis of Schizophrenia

Nour El Huda Abd Rahim, Mohd Nabil Fikri Rahim, Norsidah Ku Zaifah, Hanisah Mohd Noor, Kartini Abdullah, Norlelawati A. Talib

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2017;16(11):3-3.
MyJurnal

The dopamine hypothesis has earlier dominated the theories for the
development of schizophrenia based on the early pharmacologic evidence. The
antipsychotic drugs, among others, is thought to interfere with the function of the
dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) resulting in clinical improvement. Accumulating evidence
suggest the role of epigenetic mechanisms in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
Despite this, specific evidence linking the DRD2 DNA methylation with schizophrenia is
insufficient mainly due to the poor accessibility and limited brain samples. Of late, new
data has suggested the global impact of DNA methylation in the development of
schizophrenia, thus methylation in the peripheral blood could infer changes in the brain.
The aim of this study was to assess the DRD2 DNA methylation in the peripheral blood of
schizophrenia.
Fulltext A multi-disciplinary team approach to klüver-bucy syndrome: a case report

Kanchan Thadani, Chee Kok Yoon, Hanis Aminah John Mohamad, Norzaini Rose Mohd Zain, Chan Pek Har, Noor Jannah Ariffin

Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 2018;27(2):0-0.
MyJurnal

Klüver-Bucy syndrome was first diagnosed in humans in 1955, after a group
of people who had experienced temporal lobectomy. It is a rare
neuropsychiatry disease and of which little is understood about its
pathophysiological processes. Here we present a 60-year-old man seen in the
outpatient psychiatric department in a tertiary hospital in Kuala Lumpur
who presented to us with hyper sexuality, impulsivity, docility, amnesia and
hyperphagia for the past 10 months. He was diagnosed with Herpes Simplex
Virus with encephalitis 18 months ago and was shown to have bilateral
meningoencephalitis of his temporal lobes. Thus, a diagnosis of Klüver-Bucy
was made. We have taken a multi-disciplinary team approach to treat his
illness and specific goals has been laid out in each discipline. A written
consent has been taken by the patient and his family for the publication of
this report.
Control of microbiologically influenced corrosion using ultraviolet radiation

Akrima Abu Bakar, Muhammad Khairool Fahmy Mohd Ali, Norhazilan Md. Noor, Nordin Yahaya, Mardhiah Ismail, Ahmad Safuan A. Rashid

Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:1323-1331.

Baram Delta Operation had been producing oil and gas since 1960's and serious pipelines failure was reported in the year of 2005. The final investigation has concluded that one of the species of bacteria that has been identified to cause microbiologically influenced corrosion, specifically known as sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) was found to be one of the potential contributing factors to the incidents. This work investigates the potential use of ultraviolet (UV) radiation to inhibit the SRB consortium that was cultivated from the crude oil in one of the main trunk lines at Baram Delta Operation, Sarawak, Malaysia. The impact of UV exposure to bio-corrosion conditions on carbon steel coupon in certain samples for 28 days was discussed in this study. The samples were exposed to UV radiation based on variations of parameters, namely: time of UV exposure; and power of UV lamp. The significant changes on the amount of turbidity reading and metal loss of the steel coupon were recorded before and after experiment. The results showed that SRB growth has reduced rapidly for almost 90% after the UV exposure for both parameters as compared to the abiotic samples. Metal loss values were also decreased in certain exposure condition. Additionally, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) was performed to observe the biofilm layer formed on the metal surface after its exposure to SRB. The evidence suggested that the efficiency of UV treatment against SRB growth could be influenced by the particular factors studied
Fulltext Dietary intake among breast cancer survivors in East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia

Laila Ruwaida Mohd Zainuddin, Nor Syamimi Zakarai, Noor Aini Mohd Yusoff, Aryati Ahmad, Mohd Razif Shahril, Suhaina Sulaiman

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2017;17(2):59-65.

A balanced dietary intake plays an important role in the prognosis of breast cancer and is one of the modifiable factors in preventing cancer recurrence. This study aims to determine the dietary intake among breast cancer survivors in East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 125 breast cancer survivors, aged 37 to 72 years, with mean duration of survivorship of 6.1 ± 3.9 years were recruited from two main referral hospitals in Terengganu and Kelantan. Majority of the respondents were Malay (94.4%) with a mean BMI of 27.7 ± 5.07 kg/m², and were diagnosed with stage II cancer (66.0%). Dietary intake was estimated using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The results show that the mean daily intake of energy was 1764 ± 378 kcal/day, protein was 72.38 ± 33.6 g/day (16.5% of energy), carbohydrate was 243.0 ± 62.2 g/day (55% of energy) and fat was 55.8 ± 15.6 g/day (28% of energy). Overall, breast cancer survivors in this study had an adequate daily intake of vitamins and minerals according to Malaysian Recommended Nutrient Intakes (RNI) except for dietary fibre (10.6 ± 4.2 g/day), monounsaturated fatty acids (20.7 ± 5.7 g/day), polyunsaturated fatty acids (8.0 ± 2.2 g/day), calcium (561.0 ± 257.1 mg/day), iron (18.3 ± 7.2 mg/day) and potassium (1813.4 ± 531.1 mg/day) which was lower than the recommendation. Meanwhile, intake of sodium (2592 ± 1697 mg/day), protein (80.4 ± 33.6 g/day), saturated fatty acids (26.9 ± 14.2 g/day), vitamin B2 (1.9 ± 1.1 mg/day) and vitamin C (151.1 ± 149.3 mg/day) exceeded the recommendation by 135.0%, 139.0%, 166.9%, 154.6% and 152.0%, respectively. There was no significant difference in dietary intake between cancer survivors who were diagnosed in the past five years and those who were diagnosed more than five years ago (p>0.05) except for fat (p<0.001), saturated fatty acid (p=0.006), monounsaturated fatty acid (p=0.005) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (p=0.003). As a conclusion, breast cancer survivors in East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia had an adequate intake of most nutrients except for dietary fibre, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, calcium, iron and potassium which was below the recommendation and sodium, protein, saturated fatty acids, vitamin B2, vitamin C which was above the recommendation. The intakes between long-term and short-term survivors were also comparable showing sustained dietary intake throughout survivorship.
Fulltext Physical and mechanical properties of cassava-bamboo composite lumber

Ros Syazmini Mohd Ghani, Razak Wahab, Noor Maisarah Che Musthafa, Nasihah Mokhtar, Mohamad Saiful Sulaiman, Lee, Man Djun

Journal of Engineering and Science Research, 2018;2(6):6-9.
MyJurnal

The study was carried out to determine the physical and mechanical properties of composite lumber made from cassava (Mahinot esculenta Crantz) and bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) in different ratios which is 100% cassava with 0% bamboo, 75% cassava with 25% bamboo, 50% cassava with 50% bamboo, 25% cassava with 75% bamboo and 0% cassava with 100% bamboo. The tests samples for determining the strength properties were divided into two categories namely mechanical testing and physical testing. Basic density of the samples was carried out for physical testing. The lowest basic density was in samples with 100% cassava which is 0.49 g/cm3 and highest in samples with 100% bamboo which is 0.68 g/cm3. Two tests for the mechanical testing are bending test and compression test. In bending test, modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) were both highest for samples with 100% bamboo which the reading of MOE was 16794.03 N/mm2 and 122.52 N/mm2 for MOR. Similar to the bending test, compression test is the highest for the samples with 100% bamboo which are 65.58 N/mm2. From statistical analysis, the basic density, static bending can compression strength give significant value at 95% confidence interval.
Fulltext Characteristics of human spermatozoa harvested in culture media with and without serum proteins

Ghofraan A. Ata’Allah, Noor Azmi Mat Adenan, Nuguelis Razali, Siti Khadijah Idris, Jaffar Ali, Kannappan, Palaniappan, et al.

Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2018;16(1):125-134.
MyJurnal

This study was aimed to determine the efficiency of synthetic protein-free media in spermatozoa washing, preparation
and retention of the activity of washed spermatozoa over short periods in vitro. Normozoospermic semen samples (n =
71) were equally apportioned and washed using synthetic protein-free medium (PFM), minimum essential medium + HSA
(MEM) or commercial protein-containing medium (CPC). Washed spermatozoa were cultured in vitro using PFM, MEM or
CPC media and held for 24 hrs at 4°C, 15°C, 22°C or 37°C. Spermatozoa activity was evaluated at 0 hr, 4 to 7 hrs and
24 hrs post-wash. The effects of PFM on spermatozoa motility, vitality, membrane integrity and DNA fragmentation level
were not significantly different from that of MEM and CPC media at 0 hr, 4 to 7 hrs and 24 hrs post-wash in vitro. Synthetic
PFM, MEM and CPC retained spermatozoa activity highest when specimen were held at 22°C and it was significantly higher
(p < 0.05) than that at 37°C after 24 hrs incubation in vitro. However, no significant changes (p > 0.05) were noted
in spermatozoa DNA fragmentation (SDF) levels when specimen were held at 22°C or 37°C at 4 to 7 hrs and also after
24 hrs post-wash in vitro in all media. The use of synthetic PFM as an alternative to the commercial protein-containing
media in human spermatozoa washing and preparation procedure for an efficient and safer (Assisted Reproduction
Technology) ART outcome. Spermatozoa activity can be successfully retained at room temperature post-wash over short
periods; spermatozoa may lose viability rapidly if held for long hours at 37°C in all media.
Fulltext Absorption study of triangular and rectangular slotted on hollow pyramidal absorber

Mohamad Faisal Asmadi, Hasnain Abdullah, Mas Izzaty Binti Fazin, Ahmad Rashidy Razali, Mohd Nasir Taib, Azizah Ahmad, et al.

ESTEEM Academic Journal, 2020;16(2):21-30.
MyJurnal

Today, electromagnetic wave theory is commonly used in many engineering devices. However, such devices produce electromagnetic (EM) radiation, damaging people's health and the impact of other electronic device's operation. Therefore, Microwave Absorber has been widely used in anechoic chamber to measure equipment radiation and prevent unwanted radiation and electromagnetic interference. This research investigates the absorption performance of pyramidal absorbers with a slotted method design. This research used rectangular and triangular slotted on the hollow pyramidal absorber. There are six types of slotted: Design 1, Design 2, and Design 3
which have triangular shapes, and Design 4, Design 5, and Design 6, have rectangular shapes. The pyramidal absorber is produced using CST Microwave Studio Suite. Afterward, the fabrication process is performed using cardboard and coated with Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC). Measurement had been done successfully via far-field measurement using an arch method at 1 GHz to 12 GHz. The slotted pyramidal absorber's absorptivity was taken in each frequency band and was tabulated in figure 10. The result is compared with their maximum absorption in each of the four frequency bands. Comparison based on slot design, triangular and rectangular each had its own advantages at a certain frequency. However, small rectangular slot of Design 1 shows consistent absorption performance at all frequency band.
Fulltext Development of Linear Regression Model for tile waste generation in Malaysian construction industry

Siti Hafizan Hassan, Hamidi Abdul Aziz, Mohd Samsudin Abdul Hamid, Siti Rashidah Mohd Nasir, Suhailah Mohamed Noor

ESTEEM Academic Journal, 2019;15(2):11-23.
MyJurnal

The effect of unmanageable construction waste is an unstable land settlement and groundwater pollution. In addition to environmental pollution, construction waste could incur construction cost. The most construction waste is the material used at sites and tile is also a part of the waste generated in construction. The objectives of this study are to determine the tile waste generated in construction stages and linear regression analysis for the amount of tile waste generated. The method used in this study was the Linear Regression Model. The regression model established in the sample data reported an R2 value of 0.793; therefore, the model can predict approximately 79.3% of the factor (area) of tile waste generation. The linear regressions can be applied as tools to predict the tile waste generated at construction sites and help the contractor to track the sources of missing waste.
Fulltext Medicinal properties screening of Mallotus paniculatus extract

NA Bahaman, Raha Ahmad Raus, Yusilawati Ahmad Nor, Al Mamun, Abdullah, Noor Suhana Adzahar, Dayang Fredalina Basri

IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia, 2020;19(1):5-12.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Traditionally, Mallotus paniculatus (Balik Angin) plant is used in the treatment of various
diseases in rural areas such as remedy after childbirth, wound healing and fever. In this present study, four
medicinal properties of the plant were investigated which included antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer and
antioxidant activities. Materials and Methods: Potential medicinal compounds were extracted from the plant
leaves by sonication with 3 different solvents namely ethanol, ethyl acetate and hexane respectively. The
antibacterial and antifungal properties were determined using disc diffusion agar and broth dilution assay,
the antioxidant activity by DPPH scavenging assay and the anticancer effect by MTT assay. Results: From the
screening of the medicinal properties, M. paniculatus leave extracts were shown to possess antibacterial,
antioxidant and anticancer properties but not antifungal properties. Ethanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of
the leave were active against gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) but not
gram negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli). The antioxidant activity of the
ethanolic crude extract was high; with IC50 of 30 μg/ml comparable with the positive controls; ascorbic acid
and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Both ethanolic and ethyl acetate extracts were cytotoxic against breast
cancer (MCF7), colon cancer (HT-29), cervix cancer (Hela) cell lines. Conclusion: M. paniculatus leave
extract has many potential medicinal values for further studies.

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